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7Th International Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins Vienna, Austria Amino Acids (2001) 21: 1–90 7th International Congress on Amino Acids and Proteins Vienna, Austria August 6–10, 2001 Abstracts Co-Presidents: Steve Schaffer, Mobilel, AL, U.S.A. Michael Fountoulakis, Basel, Switzerland Gert Lubec, Vienna, Austria Contents Analysis................................................................................ 3 Biology ................................................................................ 10 Proteomics . 14 Medicine . 22 Metabolism/Nutrition . 25 Neurobiology . 35 Neuroscience . 45 Plant Amino Acids . 56 Physiology/Exercise and Sport . 59 Polyamines . 63 Synthesis . 68 Taurine ................................................................................ 74 Amino Acids Transport . 79 Addendum . 86 3 Analysis Fully automated HPLC based analysis of cysteine and related used for calculation of the degree of substitution in case of compounds in plasma using on line microdialysis as sample peptide-conjugates. The results of amino acid analysis were preparation verified by the data of ES mass spectrometry method. [This study was supported by grants from Hungarian E. Bald Research Fund (OTKA) T 030838, T025834, T032425, F034886 Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of ´Lodz´, and from the Ministry of Education (FKFP/0153/2001).] Poland Low molecular weight thiols play important roles in metabolism and homeostasis. While plasma thiols, including Free and bound cysteine in homocystinuria: assessment of metabolically related cysteine, glutathione, and homocysteine, cysteine and glutathione status are being investigated as potential indicators of health status A. Briddon1, I. P. Hargreaves1, and P. J. Lee2 and disease risk, trace levels, poor stability, and the lack of 1 structural properties necessary for the production of signals Department of Clinical Biochemistry, and compatible with common detection methods have hampered 2 Metabolic Unit, The National Hospital for Neurology and their accurate assessment. The facile oxidation of sulfhydryl Neurosurgery, London, U.K. compounds results in a variety of disulfide forms in vivo. To The raised concentration of protein bound homocysteine in determine total plasma thiols – the sum of protein-bound forms, homocystinuric (HCU) patients displaces protein bound oxidized low-molecular-mass forms, and free reduced thiols – it cysteine and increases the free/bound cysteine ratio in plasma. is necessary to reduce disulfide bonds. In this presentation, a This ratio is independent of albumin concentration. Results new procedure for fully automated assay of total cysteine, from 31HCU patients were compared to 40 controls. Free cys- cysteinylglycine, glutathione, and homocysteine in human tine concentrations in HCU were poorly discriminated from the plasma is outlined. The oxidized and protein-bound thiols frac- control range but the total cysteine results were almost invari- tions are converted into their reduced forms employing sodium ably lower than control data. This appears to result from an borohydride, and following derivatization with 2-chloro-1- increased free/bound cysteine ratio in HCU [mean (range) for methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate and deproteinization by control 0.50 (0.22–0.71) and for HCU 0.76 (0.32–1.75); P 5 on line microdialysis, the S-quinolinium derivatives of analytes 0.0005]. Ex vivo protein binding experiments in albumin solu- are separated, from each other and internal standard, and quan- tion revealed the free/bound cysteine ratio to be linearly related tified by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC with ultraviolet detec- to the amount of homocysteine bound (r 5 0.907, P , 0.001). tion. The whole unattended instrument acquisition time is We conclude that measurement of total cysteine is essential for 13min with no manual processing of sample. As a result about assessment of the true cysteine status in HCU. However, any 80 samples a day can be assayed for total cysteine and related cysteine deficit, or alteration to free/bound cysteine ratios, does compounds. The method is linear within the normal and patho- not obviously effect glutathione synthesis as assessed by mea- logical ranges of thiols in humans and its sensitivity, precision surement of plasma total glutathione. and accuracy fulfils experimental and clinical requirements. Free D-amino acids in vertebrates Determination of S-carboxymethyl-cysteine in cyclo-peptides 1 1 2 and peptide-conjugates containing thioether bond H. Brückner , R. Paetzold , and A. Schieber 1 Interdisciplinary Research Center, Institute of Nutritional 1 1 1 S. Bo´´sze , G. Mezo´´ , H. Medzihradszky-Schweiger , Science, Department of Food Sciences, University of Z. Skribanek2, and F. Hudecz1 Giessen, and 1 Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy 2 Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff of Sciences, Eötvös L. University, Budapest, and Technology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany 2 Gedeon Richter Ltd., Budapest, Hungary In continuation of work on the screening of mammals for Chemically stable thioether bond is frequently applied for the occurrence of free D-amino acids (D-AAs), here we present the preparation of cyclopeptides and of peptide-conjugates pos- data on quantities determined in urine and blood plasma of sessing free SH group in one of the partner molecules. For the guinea pig, rabbit, goat, dromedary and cat, in the blood serum introduction of such bond the free thiol group of cysteine reacts of fish, and in the brains of mole rat, rabbit, pig, bovine, seal, with haloacetyl group attached to amino function of N-terminal and rob. AAs were isolated by cation exchanger, converted amino acid or lysine side chain of the peptide. The homogeneity into their N(O)-pentafluoro amino acid 2-propyl esters and and the amino acid composition of new compounds was quantified on a Chirasil-L-Val capillary column using mass checked by amino acid analysis, analytical RP-HPLC and mass spectrometric detection as described. spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative determination of Representative data of animals investigated (n 5 2–3) are S-carboxymethyl-cysteine (SMC) derived from this thioether shown in the Table. As can be seen free D-AAs were detected linkage containing moiety was developed. Prior to amino acid in the orders Rodentia (Cavia aperea f. porcellus, guinea pig); analysis samples were hydrolysed in 6N HCl in sealed and Lagomorpha (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domestica, rabbit); evacuated tubes at 110°C for 24, 36 or 48hrs depending on the Artiodactyla (Capra aegagrus f. hircus, goat); Artiodactyla structure of molecules. The amino acid composition of the com- (Camelus dromedaries, dromedary); Carnivora (Felis libyca f. pounds was determined by two independent methods: using catus, cat); and Osteichthyes (Gadus morrhua, codfish). Largest pre-column derivatization with o-phtaldialdehyde (OPA) rea- amounts of D-AAs were excreted with the urine. Free D-Ser gent and post-column derivatization with ninhydrin. The ap- (% relative to L-Ser) was detected in the brains (n 5 1–2; pearance of SCM verified the success of cyclization and can be cerebrum, wet weight) of mole (Talpa europaea, Insectivora) 4 Table 1. Quantities of D-amino acids (D-AA) in body fluids of vertebrates [% D 5 100 D/(D 1 L)] guinea rabbit goat piga) urine urine serum urine plasma D-AA µmol/L %D µmol/L %D µmol/L %D µmol/L %D µmol/L %D Ala 452.9 61.9 50.2 53.5 3.4 1.3 3.7 5.2 0.5 1.0 Val 30.7 10.9 1.2 4.4 – – – – – – Thr 96.1 15.3 – – – – – 0.4 – – Pro 3.2 1.4 2.3 2.9 0.5 0.2 – 2.9 ,0.1 0.1 Ser 99.5 27.2 245.4 69.8 2.5 0.9 2.5 12.6 0.2 0.9 Asx 17.9 11.8 31.5 30.2 1.1 1.1 4.0 16.5 0.1 2.3 Met 49.3 68.4 – – – – – – – – Phe – – 4.3 15.2 – – – – – – Glx 71.7 8.5 18.0 13.1 0.8 0.2 11.7 8.8 0.2 0.1 Tyr – – 16.9 26.8 – – – – – – Orn 89.7 33.7 9.0 19.5 0.6 0.7 0.2 3.0 – – Lys 0.9 9.7 7.3 2.5 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7 1.7 dromedary cata) codfish urine serum urine serum serumb) D-AA µmol/L %D µmol/L %D µmol/L %D µmol/L %D nmol/L %D Ala 2.5 11.3 4.2 0.6 57.9 32.0 4.0 0.5 46 0.5 Val – – – – 7.4 9.9 – – – – Thr – – – – 4.2 1.4 – – – – Pro 0.5 1.9 – – 0.9 4.4 1.5 0.8 12 0.4 Ser 2.9 7.9 – – 159.9 61.6 2.0 0.8 – – Asx 3.9 14.8 1.8 1.2 18.4 50.9 1.0 2.0 27 4.3 Met – – – – 164.8 49.4 – – – – Phe– ––––––––– Glx 14.7 18.8 1.5 0.2 28.3 5.3 2.6 0.2 43 0.9 Tyr– ––––1.5–––– Orn 1.9 5.8 – – 12.6 32.5 – – 8 1.7 Lys 0.5 1.2 1.4 0.7 61.4 23.0 1.2 0.4 41 0.7 (2) refers to not detected or not determinable; Asx 5 Asp 1 Asn; Glx 5 Glu 1 Gln; His, Arg, Trp, Cys not determined; a) feed fortified with DL-Met; b) nmol/g lyophilized serum. (339nmol/g; 21.6%); Sprague-Dawley rat (Rattus norvegicus, Rodentia) (n 5 6; 98–381nmol/g; 9.8–13.7%); rabbit (152nmol/ The hydrolysis method was extensively studied, in several g; 11.3%); pig (Sus scrofa f. domestica, Artiodactyla) (221nmol/ time/temperature combinations, in order to avoid racemization. g; 13.4%); bovine (Bos primigenius f. taurus, Artiodactyla) The classical HCl 6M with and without phenol was tested as (284nmol/g; 23.6%); seal (Phoca vitulina, Carnivora) well as methylsulfonic acid 4M, described as producing less (136nmol/g; 3.8%), and rob (Halichoerus grypus, Carnivora) racemization. Indeed, the last acid induced less formation of the (218nmol/g; 5.4%). From the date it is concluded that D-AAs D-aminoacids.
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