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Capoeta Fusca در ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت

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Capoeta Fusca در ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ـ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﻮري، ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﺳﻮم، ﺑﻬﺎر91، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ داﻣﻐﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ Capoeta fusca در ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ اﺳﺘﻮاري1*، ﻫﻮﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﻴﻌﻲ1 و ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﻗﻠﻲ ﻛﻤﻲ2 داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ داﻣﻐﺎن2، ﮔﺮوه زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، داﻣﻐﺎن، اﻳﺮان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم، ﮔﺮوه زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﮔﺮﮔﺎن، اﻳﺮان ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺎت: [email protected] ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ Capoeta fusca Nikolskii, 1897 در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨـﻮﺑﻲ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد 255 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺗﻮر دﺳﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ از 3 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﻳﺰ ﻟﻮت و 7 اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﺠﺴﺘﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ- آوري ﺷﺪ ﻧﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، 11 ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ و 6 ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻴﻚ از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ راﺑﻄﻪي ﺑـﻴﻦ ﺳـﻪ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺮ، ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺪن و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺮ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺪن، ﻧـﺸﺎن داد ﻛـﻪ آﻧﻬـﺎ داراي ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒـﺴﺘﮕﻲ 99/0 ﺑـﻮده و داراي ﻳﻚ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داراﻧﺪ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ راﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ و وزن ﺑﺪن در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ دو ﻋﺎﻣـﻞ ﻧـﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻢ داراي رﺷﺪ آﻟﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي RLG و VI ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎهﺧﻮار ﺑﻮده و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﭘﺮﺧﻮر ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: Capoeta fusca، ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژي، ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ، ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﺮه داران ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع را داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺗـﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ در ﺟﻨﻮب ﻏﺮﺑـﻲ آﺳـﻴﺎ اﺳـﺖ و در اﻳـﺮان داراي 7 ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ 31938 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از آﻧﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ[11]. از ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اﺳـﺖ [12]. ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ,Capoeta fusca Nikolskii اﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺣﺪود 43 درﺻـﺪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﻓـﻮن ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎن آب 1897 ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ ﺳـﻴﺎه ﻣـﺎﻫﻲ ، از رودﻫـﺎ، ﭼـﺸﻤﻪ ﻫـﺎ و ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ [15]. اﻳﺮان در ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﻬﻤـﻲ از ﺗﻐﻴﻴـﺮات ﻗﻨﺎتﻫﺎي آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﻫـﺎي آﺑﺮﻳـﺰ در ﺷـﺮق اﻳـﺮان ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﺟﺎﻧﻮري ﻗﺮار دارد و داراي ﺗﻨـﻮع زﻳـﺴﺘﻲ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺗﺠﻦ، ﺑﺠﺴﺘﺎن، دﺷﺖ ﻟﻮت و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷـﺪه ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﻋﻼﻗـﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎن و دﻳﮕـﺮ اﺳﺖ [C. fusca .[6،9،12 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ از ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎن داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻓﻮن ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ اﻳﺮان ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺳﻴﭙﺮﻳﻨﻴﺪه، ﺟﺰء ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ ﻗﻨﺎﺗﻲ در ﺷـﺮق 202 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در 28 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و 104 ﺟﻨﺲ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ - اﻳﺮان اﺳﺖ [14]. اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت اﻧـﺪﻣﻴﻚ در اﻳـﻦ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. راﺳﺘﻪ Cypriniformes ﺑـﺎ دارا ﺑـﻮدن 120 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ، ﺣﻮﺿﻪﻫﺎ وﺟﻮد دارد و اﻳﻦ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ را دارا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛـﻪ در ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع را در ﻣﻴﺎن ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن آﺑﻬـﺎي داﺧﻠـﻲ اﻳـﺮان دارا ﺣﻮﺿﻪﻫﺎي آﺑﺮﻳﺰ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﮔﺮدد [9]. ﺑﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ راﺳﺘﻪ، ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺒﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آب ﺷـﻴﺮﻳﻦ در ﻧـﻮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﺑـﺎﻧﻲ ﺑـﻪ - Cyprinidaeﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ [12] . اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده(ﻛﭙﻮرﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎن ﻳـﺎ ﺧــﺼﻮص در ﺷــﺮق اﻳــﺮان و ﺧﺸﻜــﺴﺎﻟﻲﻫــﺎي ﭘﻴــﺎﭘﻲ در ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻗﻨﺎ ﺗﻲ) داراي 44 ﺟـﻨﺲ و 94 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺑـﻮده [11]؛ و ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ و ﺑ ﺎ دﻗﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع ﻛـﻪ 43 درﺻـﺪ از داراي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي درﻣﻴﺎن دﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎ اﺳـﺖ ﻓﻮن ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن آﺑﻬﺎي ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ اﻳﺮان ﻣﺘﻌﻠـﻖ ﺑـﻪ ﻧـﻮاﺣﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﺑـﺎﻧﻲ [7، 8]. اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده، ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎن ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ [7]، در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻓﻮن ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﻳـﻦ 220 ﺟﻨﺲ و 2420 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳـﺖ [15]. ﺟـﻨﺲ Capoeta ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. Valenciennes,1842 از اﻳـﻦ ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده، داراي ﭘـﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻛﺎر ١ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ... اﺳــﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳــﺎن ﺟﻨــﻮﺑﻲ ﺑــﺎ وﺳــﻌﺘﻲ در ﺣــﺪود 141/96 ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺮﻳﺰ ﺑﺠﺴﺘﺎن، ﻟﻮت و ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎن واﻗـﻊ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ . ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻋﺮ ﺿـﻬﺎي ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴـﺎﻳﻲ 57 درﺟـﻪ و 5 ﺑـــﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـــﻪ ﺑﺮﺧـــﻲ از ﺧـــﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺑﻴﻮﻟـــﻮژﻳﻜﻲ و دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﺎ 60 درﺟﻪ و 57 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻃﻮل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ و 30 درﺟـﻪ و ﺑﻴﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ C. fusca ، 10 اﻳـﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﺳـﻄﺢ 32 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺗﺎ 34 درﺟﻪ و 34 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ، در ﺷﺮق اﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻴﻦ آﺑﺎن 1389 ﺗﺎ ﺗﻴﺮ 1390 ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳـﻲ اﻳﺮان و در ﺣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷـﺮﻗﻲ دﺷـﺖ ﻟـﻮت واﻗـﻊ ﺷـﺪه ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ (ﺷﻜﻞ 1). در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 255 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ از اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ. اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن از ﺷﻤﺎل ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳـﺎن رﺿـﻮي، از اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻮر ﺳﺎﭼﻮك ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻤﻪ 1 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻤﺘـﺮ، ﺟﻤـﻊ ﻏﺮب ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻳﺰد، از ﺟﻨـﻮب ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻫـﺎي ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﺎن و آوري و ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ در ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﻦ 10 درﺻﺪ، ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن و ﻛﺮﻣﺎن ﻣﺤـﺪود ﮔـﺸﺘﻪ و در ﺷـﺮق ﺑـﺎ ﻛـﺸﻮر ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ و ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻠﻴﺪ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه در ﻋﺒﺪﻟﻲ [6] و ﻛﺪ [10] اﻓﻐﺎﻧﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮز اﺳﺖ . اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨـﻮﺑﻲ داراي آب ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﻴﻦ ﺗﻌـﺪ ادي ﻋﻜـﺲ ﺑـﻪ و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﻚ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ و آب و ﻫـﻮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ، ﺑﺮاي آﻗﺎﻳﺎن Coad و ﻋﺒﺪﻟﻲ ارﺳـﺎل ﺷـ ﺪ. ﺧﺸﻚ در دﺷﺘﻬﺎ و زﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﻮار ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . ارﺗﻔﺎﻋـﺎت در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘـﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ C. fusca اﺳﺘﺎن از ﺷﻤﺎل ﺗﺎ ﺟﻨﻮب و در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﻲ - ﺟﻨﻮب در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ، 11 ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻮرﻓـﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ در ﺳﻄﺤﻲ وﺳﻴ ﻊ ﺗﺎ ﺷﻤﺎل دﺷﺖ ﺳﻴـﺴﺘﺎن ﮔـﺴﺘﺮده ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ 1/0 و 6 ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣـﻮرد ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ [2]. اﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮاري ﻫﺎ ﻫﻢ زﻣـﺎن ﺑـﺎ ﻧﺰدﻳـﻚ ﺷـﺪن ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒـﺴﺘﮕﻲ و راﺑﻄـﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن و اوراﺳﻴﺎ در دورة ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺎري اﻳﺠﺎد ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺮ، ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ و ﻋﺮض ﺑـﺪن و ﻃـﻮل و ارﺗﻔﺎع آﻧﻬﺎ از ﺷﻤﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺟﻨﻮب ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﻣـﻲ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ . «دق» و ﺳﺮ و ﻋﺮض ﺑﺪن و ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻃﻮر ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ و راﺑﻄـﻪ «ﻛﻮﻳﺮ» از اﺷﻜﺎل ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻗﺎﺑـﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ- وزﻧﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻋﻼوه ﺗﻮﺟﻪاي از وﺳﻌﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن را ﺑـﻪ ﺧـﻮد اﺧﺘـﺼﺎص داده اﻧـﺪ . ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺑـﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ رژﻳـﻢ ﻏـﺬاﻳﻲ اﻳـﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ، ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن، ﻛﻮه ﺳﻴﺎه (ﺳﻴﺎه ﻛـﻮه ) ﺑـﺎ ارﺗﻔـﺎع (RLG(Relative length of glut index و ﺑــﺮاي 2857 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﻳﺎ و ﭘﺴﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ، دق ﭘﺘﺮﮔﺎن ﺑـﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰان ﭘﺮﺧﻮري اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ VI(Vacuity ارﺗﻔﺎع 650 ﻣﺘﺮ ازدرﻳﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. 16/6 درﺻـﺪ از ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻬـﺎي (index ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ آﻣﺎري ﻛﺸﻮر در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪه اﻧﺪ و 2/22 درﺻـﺪ از ﻣﺠﻤـﻮع و رﺳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫﺎ از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارExcel 2007 وMinitab 16 ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ اﺳﺘﺎن را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻧـﻮاﺣﻲ در ﻏـﺮب، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻨﻮب و ﺷﺮق اﺳـﺘﺎن ﭘﺮاﻛﻨـﺪه اﻧـﺪ [2]. اﻳـﻦ اﺳـﺘﺎن در 3 ٢ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ـ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﻮري، ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﺳﻮم، ﺑﻬﺎر91، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ داﻣﻐﺎن ﺷﻜﻞ 1- ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ اﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻃـﻮل و وزن در ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ Capoeta ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ RLG ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ fusca دﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺮق ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ، ﺑﻠﻜﻪ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ زﻧـﺪﮔﻲ ﻳـﻚ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ دو ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮر، از ﻓﺮﻣـﻮل (1) ﻛـﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﻲ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ؛ ﻣﻘـﺪار RLG از Capoeta [ ] ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻮﻫﺮي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران 3 ﺑـﺮاي ﮔﻮﻧـﺔ راﺑﻄﻪ زﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد[1]: fusca Nikol’skii, 1897 اراﺋـﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ، اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده ﻓﺮﻣﻮل(GL= RLG ⁄ TL :(2 ﺷﺪ. ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ =RLG و ﻃﻮل روده=TL ﻓﺮﻣﻮل(1): ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ VI ﻳـﺎ ﺧـﺎﻟﻲ ﺑـﻮدن روده در ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ Body Weight= 0.0101×TL 2.9477 Capoeta fusca ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار «r » ﺑﺮاي اﻳـﻦ دو ﻓـﺎﻛﺘﻮر، از اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل (3)، ﭘﺮﺧﻮري ﻳﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ؛ اﮔـﺮ ﻣﻘـﺪار r ﺧﻮري ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد [3]. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از 5/0 ﺷﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه ﻗﻄﻌﻲ ﺑﻮدن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل(VI = (EG/TG) ×100 :(3 اﻳﻦ دو ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ[1] . ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ RLG ﻳﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل روده در ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ Capoeta fusca ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﻳﮋﮔﻴﻬﺎي رﻳﺨﺘﻲ و ﺷﻤﺎرﺷﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺷﺪه اﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﻲ ﺑﺮدن ﺑﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑـﻴﻦ ﻏـﺬاي زﻧـﺪه و در اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫـﺎي ﻗﻨـﺎت، رود و ﭼـﺸﻤﻪ، ﻧـﺸﺎن داد آﻧﻬـﺎ ﻃﻮل روده ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . ﻃـﻮل روده ﺑـﺎ اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣ ﻘـﺪار ﻣـﻮاد ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ در رژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ روزاﻧـﺔ ﻣـﺎﻫﻲ، اﻓـﺰاﻳﺶ ﻣـﻲ ﻳﺎﺑـﺪ . ٣ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ... ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪCapoeta fusca Nikolskii, 1897 ﻣـﻲ - داراي ﻳﻚ ﺟﻔﺖ ﺳﺒﻴﻠﻚ؛ داراي دو ﺳﻮراخ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ(ﺷﻜﻞ 2). ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎزك ﺑﻪ دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ؛ دﻫﺎن ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴـﺖ وﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎي رﻳﺨﺘﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Capoeta fusca ﺑﻴﺮون زدﮔﻲ دار د. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣـﺪه ﺑـﺮاي اﻳـﻦ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ داراي رﻧﮓ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮي ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳـﻴﺎه ﺑـﺮ روي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، 6/19 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺪﺳـﺖ آﻣـﺪه، 3/02 ﺳﺮ و دو ﻃﺮف ﺑﺪن، رﻧﮓ روﺷﻨﺘﺮ در ﺑﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ و رﻧﮓ ﺳـ ﻔﻴﺪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد . ﺟﺪول (1)، ﺻﻔﺎت رﻳﺨﺘﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣـﻮرد در ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺑـﺪن دوﻛـﻲ ﺷـﻜﻞ اﺳـﺖ و از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ، وﻧﻤﻮدار (1)، ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻓﺮاواﻧـﻲ ﻃـﻮل دوﻃــﺮف ﻓــﺸﺮده ﻣــﻲﺑﺎﺷــﺪ؛ ﻓﻠــﺴﻬﺎ ﺑــﺰرگاﻧــﺪ و از ﻧــﻮع ﻛﻞ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ. ﺳﻴﻜﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪ؛ ﺳﺮ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﻓﻠﺲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ دم از ﻧـﻮع ﻫﻤﻮﺳـﺮك؛ ﺷﻜﻞ Capoeta fusca Nikolskii, 1897 -2 ﺟﺪول 1- ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ رﻳﺨﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ C. fusca Factor Max Min Mean SD TL 19.6 3.02 8.31 ±3.37 FL 18.4 2.76 7.66 ±3.11 SL 15.57 0.36 6.25 ±2.63 BD 3.62 0.34 1.31 ±0.62 HL 47 0.65 1.86 ±3.21 PD 9.23 1.3 3.73 ±1.55 PO 1.32 0.16 0.49 ±0.22 PtO 2.16 0.3 0.85 ±0.36 ED 0.52 0.15 0.30 ±0.08 IW 1.8 0.2 0.58 ±0.25 HCP 1.44 0.2 0.62 ±0.26 ٤ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ـ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ زﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﻮري، ﺳﺎل ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﺳﻮم، ﺑﻬﺎر91، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ داﻣﻐﺎن Histogram of TL Nor mal 35 34 32 30 25 25 20 20 18 18 15 15 Frequency 13 10 10 7 7 5 3 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 TL ﻧﻤﻮدار 1- ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻃﻮل ﻛﻞ در C. fusca ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﻪ ﺿـﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑـﻴﻦ ( ;TL,HL; TL,BD ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺮاي اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ 45 ﺗﺎ 53، ﺗﻌﺪد ﻓﻠـﺴﻬﺎي ﺑـﺎﻻي HL,BD)، ﻧــﺸﺎن داد ﻛــﻪ ﺿــﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻤﺒــﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑــﺮاي اﻳــﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ (7-8)، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﻠـﺴﻬﺎي ﭘـﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺧـﻂ ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﻲ 7، ﺻﻔﺎت، 99/0 ﺑﻮده و ﺑـﻴﻦ آﻧﻬـﺎ ﻳـﻚ ﻫﻤﺒـﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﺜﺒـﺖ و ﻓﺮﻣـﻮل ﺑﺎﻟـﻪ ﭘـﺸﺘﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت DΙΙΙ- 7 و ﻓﺮﻣـﻮل ﺑﺎﻟـﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲدار وﺟﻮد دارد .
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    FishTaxa (2017) 2(3): 134-155 E-ISSN: 2458-942X Journal homepage: www.fishtaxa.com © 2017 FISHTAXA. All rights reserved Three new species of algae-scraping cyprinid from Tigris River drainage in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) Arash JOULADEH-ROUDBAR1, Soheil EAGDERI*1, Leidys MURILLO-RAMOS2, 3, Hamid Reza GHANAVI2, 4, Ignacio DOADRIO4 1Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Alborz, Iran. 2Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. 3Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo, Colombia. 4Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Department, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, Spain. Corresponding author: *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Traditionally small-scale populations of Capoeta in the Tigris River drainage are identified as Capoeta damascina. The recent finding revealed that some populations of small-scaled C. damascina species group are not identified as any described species. We examined these populations and the results showed that there are pronounced differences between them in morphological and molecular characters. Therefore based on differences found, here we describe three new small-scaled Capoeta species from Zohreh, Tireh and Gamasiab Rivers, Tigris River drainage, Iran. Keywords: Biodiversity, Cyprinid, Freshwater fish species, Iran, Taxonomy. Zoobank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0150BC64-4CC1-48AC-838F-45AA113056FC urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A0BBEAE8-2E8C-421F-A54C-E85975393CD8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:794D58E6-E85C-44C1-BDF9-7C50B67BC238 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:409C788E-F411-4315-8457-8B072E3BFD9C Introduction Among the family Cyprinidae, members of the genus Capoeta Valenciennes, 1842 are found in Southwest Asia from Anatolia to the Levant, Transcaucasia, Tigris-Euphrates basin, Turkmenistan, and northern Afghanistan, occurring in all Iranian freshwater bodies (Bănărescu 1999; Levin et al.
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