Liberal Studies Teaching Kit for Senior Secondary Curriculum Visit : Local Community [Teacher notes]

Organizer Sponsor Research Team

1 Contents

Preamble Teaching plan i Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community Liberal Studies |

1.1 Itinerary 01 1.2 Brief History of Yau Ma Tei 03 1.2.1 What is Localization? 04

1.2.2 What is Vernacular Architecture? 04 Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community

1.3 Checkpoints 05 1 Tin Hau Temple and Yung Shue Tau 05 2 Temple Street 06 3 , Man Sing Street 07 4 Police Station 10 5 No. 313-315 11 6 Yau Ma Tei Wholesale Fruit Market 12 7 13

Summary, Key words and Further reading 15

Create of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region provides funding support to the project only, and does not otherwise take part in the project. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in these materials/events (or by members of the project team) do not reflect the views of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. © 2012 Hong Kong Institute of Architects Topic 05 Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community

Major teaching areas Liberal Studies: Module 2 Hong Kong Today • Theme 1: Quality of life • Theme 2: Rule of law and socio-political participation • Theme 3: Identity

Related teaching areas Liberal Studies | Liberal Studies: Module 6 Energy Technology and Environment • Theme 2: The environment and sustainable development

Liberal Studies: Module 3 Modern Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community • Theme 2: Chinese culture and modern life

Interdisciplinary teaching areas Visual Arts • Visual Arts Appreciation and Criticism in context

Design and Technology • Strand 1 Design and Innovation • Strand 3 Value and Impact

Learning objectives • To understand the characteristics of different typologies of vernacular architecture in Hong Kong in relations to the quality of life • To understand the connection and interplay between architecture, lifestyle, social context and the environment

Teaching plan Lesson Contents Lesson 1 • Understand the background of Yau Ma Tei

Visit: Yau Ma Tei • Visit popular vernacular places in relation to people’s living and their social patterns • Identify distinguishable architectural features and materials in relation to post-war Hong Kong • Analyse metal stalls at Temple Street and Wholesale Fruit Market • Learn latest urban renewal schemes

i Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 01 7 Theatre 15 min Yau Ma Tei Yau 6 30 min 2 Wholesale Fruit Market 1 + 5 20 min 5 No. 313-315 Shanghai Street 7 + Garden Prosperous 6 4 + 4 Police Police Station 20 min 3 30 min Man Wah Man Wah Sun Chuen 3 + Carpark Building 2 Street Temple 15 min

1

Background 2: Building Typology Background 3: Building Material Background Background 1: Brief History of Yau Ma Tei 1: Brief History of Yau Background 15 min

Yung Shue Tau Shue Tau Yung Tin Hau Temple + Hau Temple Tin

Field Trip (approximately 2 hours) (approximately Field Trip • • Pre-trip Introduction (20 min) Introduction Pre-trip • 1.1 Itinerary Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 02 century th

century th (Grade I and Grade II) late 19 Living in the past and present Historic building built in 1913 (Grade II) Social and cultural life in an old district Localization — Chinese Opera of historic buildings Conservation and revitalization as local citizens Identity of Hong Kong residents Cultural District development of the West Part Quality of life houses — Tenement Architecture Vernacular of historic buildings (Grade I) Conservation and revitalization Security control during the colonial history Security control (Grade III) of historic buildings Conservation and revitalization Shui considerations Feng Solutions to climate Social life in an old district Localization — Business for local markets industrial sector Tertiary Living heritage in Hong Kong Home-based secondary industrial sector as local citizens Identity of Hong Kong residents Quality of life History of private housing needs Development of housing due to social on private housing Statutory regulations Quality of life History of private housing of housing due to economic growth Improvement Scheme’ ‘Urban Improvement Government’s on public housing Statutory regulations Vernacular architectural style architectural Vernacular house life — Tea and modern Chinese culture Hong Kong Living heritage in as local citizens residents Identity of Hong Kong life in an old district Social and cultural and temporary stalls street Localization — Shopping since as an urban space for local activities Square Localization — Public and modern life Chinese culture Local craftsmanship Social and cultural life in an old district cultural life in an Social and since late 19 for local activities — Urban space Localization modern life and Chinese culture local citizens as Hong Kong residents Identity of life in an old district Social and cultural • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Liberal Studies — Yau Ma Tei — Localized Community Localized — Ma Tei Yau — Studies Liberal of interest Points • • • • •

(Optional) Shanghai Street (Optional) Shanghai Street Houses Tenement Yau Ma Tei Theatre Complex Theatre Ma Tei Yau Wholesale Fruit Market Yau Ma Tei Police Station Police Ma Tei Yau Prosperous Garden Prosperous Man Wah Sun Chuen (Taikoktsui) Sun Chuen (Taikoktsui) Man Wah High-rise buildings Temple Street — Temporary Stall — Temporary Street Temple Mido Cafe Shue Tau) Public Square Public Square and Yung Temple Hau (Tin

9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2.

1. Route

Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 03 -

Among the 310,000 people currently living in Yau Tsim Tsim living in Yau Among the 310,000 people currently can be of ethnic groups Mong district, a rich mixture mainland China live alongside found. New arrivals from dense southern Asia in a relatively from minority groups environment. 20th century. Trading of fish, fruits and merchandise of fish, fruits and merchandise Trading 20th century. the heart of business Ma Tei blossomed and made Yau produced were in the neighbourhood. Goods and crafts neighbouring ports. locally and imported from Mid-late 20th century - Residential low-rise residential With the influx of Chinese migrants, Along built in the early part of the century. blocks were and industrialization in with the population growth 1970s, both public and private sectors sought to provide housing solutions to accommodate local needs. and Residential Now - Mix of Commercial place of local cul a popular remains Ma Tei Yau Today a number of heritage sites, with some It retains ture. schemes, and revitalization of them under preservation and Yuen West for example the Argyle Street and the Shanghai Street Project Ngai Street project. As tung to ‘Oil-Jute-Land’. name translates Ma Tei’s Yau materials for fishermen, it two essential oil and jute are fishing to be the place where used shows that this area flourished those products Shops selling boats gathered. at that time. the area around Lin Tse- in early 19th century, During the British and against the Chung Fort hsu built the Kwun British authority until Kowloon from successfully kept as a popular Shelter remained Typhoon Ma Tei 1860. Yau projects. fishing harbour even after several reclamation as for boats built to serve fisherman as well Piers were to access. Early 20th century - Local Business in early along the shore Local business began to grow Before 20th century - Harbour/Fishermen Port - Harbour/Fishermen 20th century Before 1900 2000

Shanghai Street (1900s) Shanghai Street Yau Ma Tei as a fishing village (1880s) as a fishing Ma Tei Yau Shanghai Street (now) Shanghai Street Shanghai Street (1970s) Shanghai Street

p

p p © Information Services Department p Tei Ma History1.2 Brief of Yau Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 04 - Teaching Tips Teaching can be found in information More and Lo 03: ‘Globalization Liberal Studies Topic and Urban Planning ’. calization of Architecture

.

Some would simply define vernacular architecture as as architecture Some would simply define vernacular

Availability of capital Availability Local skills and technology conditions Physical and climate Regional traditions and preference traditions and preference Regional materials Nearness to building

feeling’. as ‘folk building growing in response to actual needs, fitted into to actual needs, in response as ‘folk building growing by people who knew no better than to fit them with native environment American architect Frank Lloyd Wright had defined vernacular architecture vernacular architecture had defined Frank Lloyd Wright American architect

accommodating the values, economies and ways of life of the cultures and ways of life of the cultures accommodating the values, economies them.’ that produce All forms of vernacular architecture are built to meet specific needs, built to meet specific are All forms of vernacular architecture Related to their environmental contexts and available resources they are are they resources contexts and available to their environmental Related technologies. utilizing traditional customarily owner - or community-built, ‘...comprising the dwellings and all other buildings of the people. ‘...comprising the dwellings and all In The Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, Paul Oliver Paul of the World, Architecture In The Encyclopedia of Vernacular as: defines vernacular architecture

vernacular. vernacular. without architects’ ‘architecture Usually, buildings designed by professional architects are not considered not considered are architects buildings designed by professional Usually, 1.2.2 What is Vernacular Architecture? Architecture? 1.2.2 What is Vernacular

5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Reasons for localization in architecture and urban development: and architecture for localization in Reasons place and answer to regional needs. to regional place and answer The outcomes from the process reflect the cultural characteristics of the the reflect the process The outcomes from Localization is a development process guided by the customs, culture, customs, culture, guided by the process is a development Localization geographical area. of a particular economic conditions social and 1.2.1 What is Localization? 1.2.1 What

Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 05

Public Public Square

Old shore s this

1900

YMT YMT

Police Police Reclamation St. Station s

Ferry St. 1990 眾坊街), 天后廟) 榕樹頭) Reclamation West

Today’s shore Shelter Typhoon Typhoon New YMT Chinese name translation was adopted Chinese name translation was adopted in the 1970s ( Street Public Square The land reclamation at Yau Ma Tei at Yau The land reclamation Yung Shue Tau ( Shue Tau Yung ( Hau Temple Tin p p p p ,

公眾四方街” was adopted in the ( 榕樹頭 ) 眾坊街)

(“眾坊”) activities Tin Hau Temple, 1840s 1840s Hau Temple, Tin Public open space, social and cultural Public open space, : more appropriate translation of ( appropriate more is a gathering place for local and senior citizens The square Street. as the center point of Temple and is regarded day to night. change from Activities in the square areas gather and socialize. areas Shue to Yung name refers in the street’s The public square a square), (in , indicating banyan-covered Tau Hau Temple. of the Tin gathering place in front original name in Chinese was “ The street’s as a geometric shape. The the word “square” from resulting traditional Chinese community. Not only has it provided Not only has it provided traditional Chinese community. to worship, it is also a place for the nearby boat people surrounding people from the focus of the community where the Tin Hau Temple. Hau Temple. the Tin Ma of the Yau is deemed the heart The temple and square of fishing traditions. the remnant and Tei building, a Grade II historic previously Hau Temple, The Tin building since May 2010. has been listed as a Grade I historic In the early days, Yau Ma Tei was a small Chinese was a Ma Tei Yau In the early days, around of the daily activities centred community and most 1970s.

The Tin Hau Temple is an important social venue in a is an important Hau Temple The Tin

[Discussion] • • • • Social and Cultural : Temple and Square - a hub for trades and and Square Social and Cultural : Temple • • Significance of fishing traditions - remnant Square and Historical : Temple • Tin Hau Temple + Yung Shue Tau + Yung Hau Temple Tin Public Square Built in Use : no longer by the shoreline. no longer by the shoreline. With the reclamation projects, Tin Hau Temple and Public Square are are and Public Square Hau Temple Tin projects, With the reclamation the social and cultural and social implications to What are Compare : Statue Square in Central : Statue Square Compare

1

1.3 Checkpoints 2

this open space?

1 temple serving as a hub for trade and activity. temple serving as a hub for trade and activity. While harbour reclamation has made Yau Ma Tei a landlocked Ma Tei has made Yau While harbour reclamation Hau village, with a large Tin neighbourhood, it used to be a waterfront Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 06 ) 朝行晚拆 +

The deployable stall system ( bridge going a through cavity. building’s © Public-SS - Wikipedia user Bonus checkpoint 1 “Engineering Challenge” YMT Carpark Building & Flyover The unique urban scene of a concrete p

).

different different 朝行晚拆 Queen of Temple Queen of Temple The Prince of Temple Street (1992). Street The Prince of Temple and, ( 廟街 ) ( 廟街

Unknown Unknown Street Market for cultural and commercial cultural and commercial Market for Street activities activities : Day-to-night transformation of space according to Day-to-night transformation of space a flexible allows The design of the organic light structure area. business hour with minimum store mounting a routine This deployable stall system creates scene ( and demounting cyle in the street One of the most popular street markets for cheap markets for One of the most popular street second-hand items and food. merchandise, street vendors, portrait paintings, etc. vendors, portrait paintings, street life. street Symbol of vibrant movie makers and have many The vibrancy inspired Named after the Tin Hau Temple next to it. Hau Temple Named after the Tin including: take place there, Wide ranges of activities activities. appeared in many movie scenes, e.g appeared (1990) Street

telling, performances, local food, fortune Cantonese Opera

[Discussion]

Built in • • Functional : Organic temporary architecture Functional : Organic temporary architecture • • • Cultural : Creation of streetscape of streetscape Cultural : Creation • • open-air market Historical : Famous • Significance Temple Street Temple : Use or windows separating the storefronts and the streets, or public and the streets, or windows separating the storefronts style seems to create space and private space. The modern retail a less lively interaction. display’ style, with windows and doors separating indoor retail display’ style, with windows and doors separating indoor retail This design concept is very different the outdoor. spaces from no doors were there found in old Hong Kong where those from Suggested Answers ‘window adopting the European spaces are Nowadays, most retail offering different entertainment. Along the road, there are also are there entertainment. Along the road, different offering Chinese fortune side Chinese restaurant), Dong (street Dai Pai telling, Mahjong houses and Karaoke. Temple Street is a flea market that starts in the afternoon and is a flea market that starts in the Street Temple becomes vibrant every evening. The market have stalls selling local food and products, clothing, cheap merchandise men’s Suggested Answers How is it different between day and night? How is it different Compare : space design in contemporary retail stores : space design in contemporary retail Compare Name the entertainment/leisure activities observed. activities observed. Name the entertainment/leisure

2 2

1 Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 07 71.5’ Street high-rise residential towers. residential high-rise Street towers. © Eric Lai. Upper levels are Upper levels are towers. © Eric Lai. sunlight at street set back to preserve level. Section and plan drawings - Man Sing Man Sing Street high-rise residential high-rise residential Man Sing Street Technology Topic 11: ‘VISIT: Central 11: ‘VISIT: Topic Technology of Skyscrapers’. Structure Teaching Tips Teaching other types of building compare To to Design and please refer structure, p p

(文華新村)

Commercial use on G/F, use on Commercial Residential use from 1/F onwards use from Residential : : Around 1961 : Around Residents decorate their window frames according to their Residents and textures using different personal taste and interest, plants. This composes a very localized unique scene. Lack of public space planning, e.g. strategy with nearby Lack of public space planning, e.g. Public Square. and an ordered grid creates The arrangement of a street Recess of building mass on upper floors is intended to of building mass on upper floors is intended Recess level (Daylight Law of 71.5 sunlight at street preserve (See image on the right) degree). level development. Less concern about street were looser and residents were free to renovate the flats, so to renovate free were looser and residents were be seen. today many parasitic elements can and the As time passed, the nearby land reclamation conditions. highway development worsened living that attracted low rate of rent in a relatively This resulted new immigrants to the area. The 8 massive blocks are connected, allowing effective effective connected, allowing The 8 massive blocks are space design and layout. building regulations At the time of its development, the It first attracted rich immigrants from Mainland China immigrants from It first attracted rich and Vietnam. for the rising demand of a housing solution It provided the 1960s. units due to population boom in residential It was one of the most significant and the biggest private most significant and the biggest private It was one of the of the time. developments residential

attractive streetscape.

• • Aesthetic : Grid and Localization • Functional : Statutory regulations on private buildings on private Functional : Statutory regulations • • • • • Cultural : Organic settlement and development • • for population boom Social : Housing solution • Significance mass housing in the 1960s Historical : Planned • Man Wah Sun Chuen Sun Wah Man Use Built in

3 residential complexes in the area. How will this impact neighbourhood residents? complexes in the area. residential This part of the city is now home to many Southeast Asian immigrants, who have replaced the wealthier who have replaced This part of the city is now home to many Southeast Asian immigrants, Kowloon has boosted the number of luxury development in West Chinese families of earlier times. Current [Do you know...] Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 08

PROFILE

Name Occupation Nationality Types of residential building:

Tenant/ Owner?

Living conditions:

[Exercise 1] [Exercise

Living conditions: conditions: Living

Tenant/ Owner? Tenant/

Types of residential building: residential of Types

Nationality

Occupation

Living conditions: conditions: Living Name

PROFILE

Tenant/ Owner? Tenant/

Types of residential building: residential of Types

Nationality

Occupation

Name PROFILE

What are the commonalities and differences between them ? between and differences the commonalities What are Interview residents at Man Wah Sun Cheun and Prospect Garden (the next checkpoint). next checkpoint). Garden (the and Prospect Sun Cheun at Man Wah residents Interview Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 09 Teaching Tips Teaching further information, please For 09: Studies Topic to Liberal refer in Hong Kong ’. Policy ‘Conservation Planned mass housing in 1990s Planned mass (Urban Housing Society by the Public development Scheme) Improvement • • Prosperous Garden Prosperous Bonus checkpoint 2 checkpoint Bonus

to the an outdoor cinema in relations The nearby Cinema : initially planned to provide the to down-tone the cinema and provide face-lift design amphitheatre; Garden’s Prosperous atmosphere. place a less commercial Improved living conditions for the community due to economic growth and technological and technological living conditions for the community due to economic growth Improved level facility and public open space; Planned with street privacy; greater provides not facing each other, Units are

advancement; [Discussion]

expressed objections. The Government finally granted approval for the redevelopment in the late for the redevelopment granted approval objections. The Government finally expressed complex comprising 5 towers, a mixed residential piece of land became 1980s, and this 1.6 hectare was opened for 1589 families in space. The project with a cinema, and open a shopping centre 1995. comprehensive study aimed at the improvement of living conditions. of study aimed at the improvement comprehensive Street, Tat Lee Street, Public Square , Dong Guang Street, studied were The 6 streets blocks mainly 5 levels high. with 120 residential and Ching Ping Street, Cheung Shui Street although 340 landlords the Hong Kong Housing Society, was eventually taken up by Redevelopment Yau Ma Tei “6-streets” redevelopment redevelopment “6-streets” Ma Tei Yau a Planning Department carried out Town started in 1970 when the of this area Redevelopment improvements in the former and newer project? improvements Compare Prosperous Garden (1990s) with Man Wah Sun Chuen (1960s). What are some of the Sun Chuen (1960s). What are (1990s) with Man Wah Garden Prosperous Compare • • • • Suggested Answers

1 Comparison of housing in different times Comparison of housing in different Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 10 ( Arcade

staff quarters staff

Central Kowloon Route Central Kowloon Route

New Wing (1957) and and (1957) Wing New Old Wing (1922) Wing Old Entrance

Aerial View, V-shaped layout © Survey V-shaped Aerial View,

Arcade on G/F on Arcade and Mapping Office, Lands Department and Mapping Office, Entrance the buildings were After much controversy, p p p 黑社 demolished to make way for the 中九龍幹線). was not listed as quarters, however, conserved. The staff a monument, and they could be demolished in the future. www.central-kowloon-route.com.hk “Conservation VS Urban Development” “Conservation to be Station was in threat In 1998, the YMT Police

線

幹

龍

九

”(1999), “Election 中

e t u o R

半支煙 n o o l w o

] K l Rd Jordan a

tr

n e Rd Nathan C ( 油麻地警署 ) ( 油麻地警署 considerations.

staff quarters) staff : Security (police office, barracks and barracks and (police office, : Security : 1922 ” (2005) and “Rush Hour 2” (2001).

YMT Police Station YMT Police There was originally an arcade on the upper floors that is on the upper floors that was originally an arcade There enclosed for internal use. currently in 1988. Classified as Grade III Historical Building a one of the most significant local Recognized contrast to the more important administrative buildings in important administrative contrast to the more stone). Court with granite Central (e.g. Old Supreme and Public was designed along Canton Road The arcade walkway for pedestrian a covered to provide Street Square sunlight and from use. It also serves to shade the building facilitate natural ventilation. Building block was configured in two wings, forming a in two wings, Building block was configured at the corner due to Wedges-shaped layout. ‘V-shaped’ Block in Edwardian The formal elevation (Neoclassical Main is in building with plaster finishes) Style / concrete Free Built by the waterfront in the 20s, the building was the in Built by the waterfront as well as a marine control base for local security monitoring point. point for the local Yau-Tsim- control It is now the security Mong district. 1990s, e.g. “Half Cigarette 1990s, e.g. “Half Cigarette Popular shooting scene for gangster themed movies in Popular Feng landmarks.

Do you know...

[ Police Station Police Street Ferry • Built in Use 會 Cultural : Popular movie scene Cultural : Popular • • Historical : Grade III Historical Building Historical : Grade III Historical Building • • • Architectural : Colonial architecture incorporating local contexts : Colonial architecture Architectural • • Social : Security control during colonial history during Social : Security control • Significance 4 Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 11 “1925” sign at roof Front facade and arcade on G/F facade and arcade Front p p

traditional traditional 5-step plinth)

五腳基 typology in Southern China. typology in Commercial use on G/F, use on Commercial Residential use from 1/F onwards use from Residential

1925 : contributing to the district’s gentrification. contributing to the district’s types of housing, the vibrancy of the street is diminishing. street types of housing, the vibrancy of the Chinese trades and crafts, including shops selling Chinese trades and crafts, including and grocery items, traditional wedding gowns, ceremonial also was area The pawnshops. and tools, shui fung utensils, and night clubs. known for its brothels but important in the local community, remains The street other people preferring with business declining and young age and vitality of local inhabitants. street was a leading commercial Shanghai Street in the 1970s. became prosperous before of traditional contained a rich mixture The street is a combination of commercial and residential and residential Lau is a combination of commercial Tong the economic and units. Such mixed use is crucial to housing development of Hong Kong. signage on the column commercial Vertical ( arcade Columns provide and building façade elements display the window Various or shop houses (Tong Lau). or shop houses (Tong in Chinese migrants in the the influx The buildings reflect early 20th century. These are some of the few remaining examples of tenement tenement examples of remaining some of the few These are - New development may push up rental and kick out original shops and residents, and kick out original shops and residents, - New development may push up rental - It could improves residents’ quality of life. residents’ - It could improves and cultural uses. Laus and converts into commercial Tong - It preserves residence. the social link by relocating - It may breaks

[Discussion]

• • Social : Shanghai Street was once the leading commercial street street commercial was once the leading Social : Shanghai Street • • • • • Cultural and Aesthetic: Representative architectural architectural Representative Cultural and Aesthetic: • • Significance 1925 type since Historical : Pre-war Shanghai Street No. 313-315 No. Street Shanghai : Use Built in Can you imagine different ways of living in tenement houses compared to high rise blocks? ways of living in tenement houses compared Can you imagine different change of urban environment/ activities in times/etc. change of urban environment/ Suggested answers of neighbourhood/ connections to the district/ Can be discuss in the following aspects: relations Craftsmanship related to neon signages, family-run businesses, trades of traditional Chinese crafts. Craftsmanship related Suggested answers What kinds of intangible cultural heritage can you observe?

Pros Pros Cons Suggested perspectives Discuss the pros and cons of the ‘revitalization’ plan by URA. and cons of the ‘revitalization’ Discuss the pros

5 2

1 3

Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 12

.... THEN .... NOW

Temporary structure Temporary (zinc/canvas canopy) (zinc/canvas Permanent structure structure Permanent (pre-war brick building) (pre-war built to replace the earlier temporary the earlier built to replace structures. The top picture shows the 16 shops shows the The top picture p

Conservation and Revitalisation of Historic Conservation and Revitalisation t Buildings Photo Competition 2008 - Open Category Chi Keung Wong Champion Photo by Mr. Source: http://www.heritage.gov.hk/en/gallery/photo2008/ photo_2008041902.htm

草棚. 草棚 (油麻地果欄) Cheung Sha Wan Fishery Wholesaling Market. Fishery Wholesaling Cheung Sha Wan Before 1965, it was the wholesale market for fruit, 1965, it was the wholesale Before After 1965, the market was vegetables and fishes. trading, with emerging new specialized in fruit Market and Wholesaling Vegetables Cheung Sha Wan

Current brick buildings were built in 1920s, 1950s 1920s, in built were brick buildings Current : Started in 1913 as huts : Started

Informal settlement next to the original row housing formed row Informal settlement next to the original in urban centre. an unique combined development 1920s, the market existed in huts Before Listed as Grade III Historic Building. Listed as Grade III The most active hours are between 4:00am and 6:00am. between 4:00am The most active hours are come from traded daily; fruits 50,000 boxes of fruits are Asia and Hong Kong, the mainland, southeast United States. Living heritage of wholesale trading habit. Living heritage of wholesale trading brick and storey The market contains single and double is mainly for trading, storey stone buildings. Ground storage. is mainly for loading/unloading. First storey gives identity of the building. signage on the roof Pre-WWII Between 1920s and 1930s, the government sold the land to Between 1920s and 1930s, the government built. were wholesellers and 16 shops in a row : Commercial

• • • Significance of local food trading Historical : The evolution Wholesale Fruit Market Market Fruit Wholesale • • • a century Social : The heart of fruit trading for • Cultural and Aesthetic: A living heritage in Hong Kong Cultural and Aesthetic: A living heritage • • Use Built in ‘Revitalizing Historic Buildings in Hong Kong ’. ‘Revitalizing Teaching Tips Teaching to Liberal Studies refer further information, please For 10: in Hong Kong’ and Topic Policy 09: ‘Conservation Topic 6 Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 13 elevation along elevation along Reclamation Front facade along Waterloo Road, side Road, facade along Waterloo Front p

multiplex multiplex arts (Chinese opera) venue in Hong xiqu ( 油麻地戲院 ) ( 油麻地戲院

1928 Cultural / Conservation Cultural

: in July ceased operation Theatre Ma Tei The Yau even had two levels. It wasn’t until the 1990s that even had two levels. It wasn’t cinemas appeared. scheme with Complex is now a revitalizing YMT Theatre of Hong Kong). It will NPO (The Chinese Artists Association become the newest Kowloon Cultural District Kong, as part of the West Cinemas in Hong Kong were often called “theatres” in the often called “theatres” Cinemas in Hong Kong were for Cantonese past because they also served as venues Opera performances. seats; some normally had about 1,000 Back then, a theatre Classified as Grade II Historic Building. Classified as Grade in Kowloon. theatre surviving pre-WWII It is now the only place in the district. Its audience had always been formed from the working from Its audience had always been formed neighbourhood. It was an important Ma Tei class in the Yau social gathering as a key entertainment venue and regarded Development.

• activities, in particular Cantonese opera. activities, were graded as historic buildings. They are being being buildings. They are graded as historic were into a territory-wide performing converted Chinese opera designated for promoting venue Use : Use Brick Building this and the Red 1998. In 2012, Built in Social : Key entertainment venue for working-class Social : Key entertainment venue for • • • • Kong Cultural : A “living” heritage in Hong Historical : The evolution of local food trading Historical : The evolution • Significance Yau Ma Tei Theatre Tei Ma Yau Elevations and Section (AMO report. Photo source : ArchSD) Photo source (AMO report. p 7 Liberal Studies | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community 14 Red Brick Building Red p be Originally the Yau Ma Tei Pumping Station from Pumping Station from Ma Tei Originally the Yau 1895. Grade I historic building (June 2000) 1895 to 1911 : : [Discussion]

How do you think the local culture of the YMT district will How do you think the local culture local cultures and traditions, this could also be an opportunity to local cultures and boost tourism. celebrate local culture will affect the local traditional shops. will affect made to help sustain these On the other hand, if policies are Suggested perspectives the mainland and beyond. The district is attracting people from outlets into the district, which The district will attract global retail

community. It demonstrates a close association to the rapid development It demonstrates a close association to serve the local role district with a different Ma Tei of the Yau After 1911, the Red Brick Building underwent multiple adaptive Brick Building underwent After 1911, the Red sleepers’ street hazardous goods stores, as post office, reuses office. shelter and hawkers’ control Use Built in

souvenir shop. proximity to Yau Ma Tei Theatre, will be converted to a supporting facility will be converted to Theatre, Ma Tei to Yau proximity and office rooms, with small multi-function Theatre, Ma Tei of the Yau seating capacity of about 300, while the Red Brick Building, in the close Brick Building, in about 300, while the Red seating capacity of The Yau Ma Tei Theatre will be converted into a performing venue with a will be converted into Theatre Ma Tei The Yau venue for Cantonese Opera troupes. Opera troupes. venue for Cantonese Cantonese Opera Centre which would serve as a permanent performing would serve as a permanent performing which Centre Cantonese Opera The Chief Executive, in his 2007/08 Policy Address, announced that the that the announced Address, 2007/08 Policy Executive, in his The Chief a into Theatre Ma Tei Yau convert the former has decided to Government Yau Ma Tei Theatre and Red Brick Building becomes the Chinese Opera Opera the Chinese becomes Building Brick Red and Theatre Ma Tei Yau Center

affected? 1 Opera and the entrance of the West Kowloon Cultural District. Opera and the entrance of the West The Yau Ma Tei Theatre will become a new hub for promoting Cantonese become a new hub for promoting will Theatre Ma Tei The Yau [Do you know...] you [Do Summary Yau Ma Tei is going through an urban renewal process that retains an interesting mixture of the old and the new. There are post-war restaurants, open air flea market and new residential complexes. Effort should be invested in saving the local traditions and life style while upgrading the quality life of residents.

Key words Stall Tong Lau Vernacular architecture Local culture Intangible heritage Revitalisation Liberal Studies | Further reading 1. Architectural Conservation Office. ‘Heritage Impact Assessment Report - The site of Yaumatei Theatre and Red Brick Building.‘ Website of AMO. October 2008.

http://www.amo.gov.hk/form/YMTT_RBB_HIA%20Report.pdf Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Local Community

2. Leisure and Cultural Services Department. Website of Yau Ma Tei Theatre. http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/CulturalService/ymtt/en/index.php

3. 〈油麻地果欄 百年燈火 夜夜通明〉，《新報人》第四十二卷 第二期 2011年11月。 http://sanpoyan.journalism.hkbu.edu.hk/index.php/component/content/article/80-2011-09-22- 07-26-44/239-2011-09-22-07-26-11?directory=2

4. 茹萦莹 編，〈香江漫話：見證百年 油麻地果欄的日與夜〉，香港新聞網 2012年05月27 日。 http://www.hkcna.hk/content/2012/0527/142982.shtml

5. 〈 圖說往昔 - 油麻地果欄〉， 《頭條日報》網站。 http://news.hkheadline.com/figure/index.asp?page_f_id=8&id=346

Organizer Sponsor Research Team 15