Design and Applied Technology Teaching kit for Senior Secondary Curriculum Visit : Vernacular Solution for Architecture [Student notes]

Organizer Sponsor Research Team

1 Contents Design and Applied Technology | Preamble

Learning plan i Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture

1.1 Itinerary for the Visit 01 1.2 Brief History of Yau Ma Tei 02 1.2.1 What is Localization? 03

1.2.2 What is Vernacular Architecture? 03 Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture

1.3 Checkpoints 1 Public Square 04 2 Temple Street 05 3 Mido Cafe 07 4 Yau Ma Tei Car Park Building and Flyer 08 5 Prosperous Garden 09 6 Man Wah Sun Chuen, Man Sing Street 10 7 No. 313-315 11 8 Yau Ma Tei Wholesale Fruit Market 13 9 15

Summary, Key words and Further reading 17

Create of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region provides funding support to the project only, and does not otherwise take part in the project. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in these materials/events (or by members of the project team) do not reflect the views of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. © 2012 Hong Kong Institute of Architects Topic 10 Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture

Major teaching areas Design and Applied Technology: Strand 1 Design and Innovation

• Design in practice Design and Applied Technology | • Design consideration Strand 2 Technology Principles • Nature of Technology Strand 3 Value and Impact • Values in technology and design • Historical and cultural influences Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture Interdisciplinary teaching areas Liberal Studies • Module 2 Hong Kong Today Visual Arts • Visual Arts Appreciation and Criticism in context Physics • Chapter VIII Energy and Use of Energy

Learning objectives • To observe and identify the characteristics of local skills in vernacular solutions for architecture • To understand the characteristics of different typologies of vernacular architecture in Hong Kong in relations to the people’s ways of living. • To understand the connection and interplay between architecture, lifestyle, social context and the environment.

Learning plan Lesson Contents Lesson 1 • Understand the background of Yau Ma Tei

Visit to Yau Ma Tei - • Learn more how do the life and cultures of locals influence the Vernacular Solutions to architecturtural design through a site visit Architecture • Identify architectural features and materials typical of post-war Hong Kong • Learn more on local construction materials and solutions

i Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 01

9 Theatre 15 min Yau Ma Tei Yau Field Trip Map Field Trip for Design and Applied Technology 8 20 min Wholesale Fruit Market 4 2 1 3 7 15 min No. 313-315 Shanghai St. 7 9 6 Garden 15 min 8 Prosperous 6 5 30 min Man Wah Man Wah Sun Chuen 4 15 min Building 5 YMT Car park 3 Cafe Mido 20 min 2 Street 15 min Temple Background 2: Building Typology Background 3: Building Material Background Background 1: Brief History of Yau Ma Tei 1: Brief History of Yau Background

1

Public Square 15 min

Field Trip (approximately 2 hours) (approximately Field Trip • • Pre-trip Introduction (20 min) Introduction Pre-trip • 1.1 Planned itinerary1.1 Planned Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 02 - - - - -

Argyle Street project. Argyle Street living in Yau Among the 310,000 people currently of Mong district can be found a rich mixture Tsim mainland live New arrivals from ethnic groups. southern Asia in a from alongside minority groups dense environment. relatively early 20th century. Trading of fish, fruits and mer Trading early 20th century. the heart Ma Tei chandise blossomed and made Yau and crafts were of neighbourhood business. Goods neighbouring locally and imported from produced ports. Mid-late 20th century - Residential low-rise resi With the influx of Chinese migrants, the built in the early part of dential blocks were and growth Along with the population century. industrialization in 1970s, both public and private housing solutions to ac sectors sought to provide commodate local need. and Residential Now - Mix of Commercial place of local a popular remains Ma Tei Yau Today a number of heritage sites, with retains It culture. and revitalization some of them under preservation West schemes, for example the and the Shanghai Street Project Ngai Street and Yuen Before 20th century - Harbour / Fishermen Port Port - Harbour / Fishermen 20th century Before as to ‘Oil-Jute-Land’ name translates Ma Tei’s Yau boats gath fishing where area this used to be an materials two essential oil and jute are Tung ered. shops selling those products for fishermen, and the area. flourished around Lin in early 19th century, During the Qing dynasty against the British Chung Fort built the Kwun Tse-hsu British authority from and successfully kept remains Shelter Typhoon Ma Tei until 1860. The Yau several reclama popular fishing harbour even after built to serve fisherman as Piers were tion projects. well as for boat access. Early 20th century - Local Business in along the shore Local business began to grow 1900 2000

Shanghai Street (1900s) Shanghai Street Yau Ma Tei as a fishing village (1880s) as a fishing Ma Tei Yau Shanghai Street (now) Shanghai Street Shanghai Street (1960s) Shanghai Street

p

p p

p Tei Ma History1.2 Brief of Yau Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 03 of the

Some would simply .

Availability of capital Availability Local skills and technology Physical and climate conditions Regional traditions and preference traditions and preference Regional materials Nearness to building

The Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture

by people who knew no better than to fit them with native feeling’. response to actual needs, fitted into environment to actual needs, fitted into environment response American architect Frank Lloyd Wright defined Frank Lloyd Wright American architect in as ‘folk building growing vernacular architecture

economies and ways of life of the cultures that economies and ways of life of the cultures them.’ produce meet specific needs, accommodating the values, All forms of vernacular architecture are built to are All forms of vernacular architecture and available resources they are customarily owner - they are and available resources or community-built, utilizing traditional technologies. the people. Related to their environmental contexts to their environmental the people. Related World, Paul Oliver defines vernacular architecture as: Oliver defines vernacular architecture Paul World, other buildings of ‘...comprising the dwellings and all In without architects’ define vernacular architecture as ‘architecture as ‘architecture define vernacular architecture Usually, buildings designed by professional architects architects buildings designed by professional Usually, vernacular. not considered are 1.2.2 What is Vernacular Architecture? Architecture? 1.2.2 What is Vernacular 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. development: Reasons for localization in architecture and urban and architecture for localization in Reasons characteristics of the place and answer to regional the place and answer to regional characteristics of needs. The outcomes from the process reflect the cultural the reflect the process The outcomes from a particular geographical area. geographical area. a particular Localization is a development process guided by the guided by the process is a development Localization conditions of social and economic culture, customs, 1.2.1 What is Localization? 1.2.1 What

Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 04

Public Public Square

Old shore s

1900 YMT

Police Police Reclaimation St. Station s Ferry St. 1990 Reclaimation West （天后廟） （榕樹頭） Today’s shore Shelter Typhoon Typhoon New YMT Tin Hau Temple Tin complex. Hau Temple Aerial view of Tin Yung Shue Tau Yung The land reclamation at Yau Ma Tei at Yau The land reclamation p p p p （榕樹頭）

+ Yung Shue Tau + Yung （「眾坊」）

Tin Hau Temple, 1840s 1840s Hau Temple, Tin Public open space, social and cultural Public open space,

: Temple and Square - remnant of fishing traditions of fishing - remnant and Square Temple Temple and Square - hub for trade and activities and Square Temple Tin Hau Temple Tin Public Square Public [Discussion]

The nearby Temple Street was named after this temple. Street The nearby Temple place for worship to the nearby boat people, but it is also place for worship to the nearby boat surrounding people from the focus of the community where gather and socialize. areas The Tin Hau Temple is an important social venue in a is an important Hau Temple The Tin a Not only has it provided traditional Chinese community. Yau Ma Tei and the remnant of fishing traditions. remnant and the Ma Tei Yau building, a Grade II historic previously Hau Temple, The Tin building since May has been listed as a Grade I historic community and most of the daily activities centered of the daily activities centered community and most Hau Temple. the Tin around of the is deemed the heart The temple and square In the early days, Yau Ma Tei was a small Chinese was a Ma Tei Yau In the early days, old shorelines? old shorelines? Compare to Statue Square in Central. to Statue Square Compare What are the landmarks which indicate the locations of What are

2010.

[Observation] Could you name a few traditional Chinese architectural architectural Could you name a few traditional Chinese Hau Temple? elements found in Tin

Built in Use : 1 •

• Social: • • • Historical: Significance 1.3 Checkpoints

2 1 Hau Temple serving as a hub for trade and activity. serving as a hub for trade and activity. Hau Temple neighbourhood, it began as a waterfront village, with a large Tin village, with a large Tin neighbourhood, it began as a waterfront While harbour reclamation has made Yau Ma Tei a landlocked Ma Tei has made Yau While harbour reclamation Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 05 . The Queen of （朝行晚拆） The Prince of Temple Street (1992). Street The Prince of Temple that operates from late afternoon (3-6pm) to midnight late afternoon (3-6pm) that operates from and, (e.g. garment, accessories, gadgets, dried food, etc.)

When the stall is closed, the metal structure at the back provides at the back provides When the stall is closed, the metal structure When the stall is opened, the entire structure is unfolded and is unfolded structure When the stall is opened, the entire

Organic temporary architecture Organic temporary architecture ] ] Famous open-air market Famous Creation of vibrant streetscape of vibrant streetscape Creation 晚拆 朝行 compact but flexible space for display and storage. Use of space is maximized compact but flexible space for display and storage. Use of space is maximized with limited area. scene a unique street This deployable stall system creates Named after the nearby Tin Hau Temple. Named after the nearby Tin life. Symbol of vibrant street many movie scenes and photoshoots, e.g The vibrancy inspired (1990) Street Temple allows an ‘organic’ mode of business with The design of the stall structure

• Significance Historical: • Cultural: • • Functional: • [ Open attract customers. to maximizing shop frontage extended to the street, zinc or polycarbonate by corrugated is usually covered structure overhanging roof to shelter an extended roof canvas provides (translucent plastic) panels. The nylon by the goods when stall is opened. Light and flexible, the canvas is supported and nylon straps. bamboo or thin metal poles, sometimes stabilised by just rope [ Close storage to all merchandise Street Stalls in Hong Kong Street is a flea market Street Temple evening. Similar to many other street (11pm-1am) and becomes vibrant every in ), Street Yuen Central, Fa in Street markets in Hong Kong (e.g. Graham of the most some which create distinctive vernacular structures stalls are the street unique public spaces in Hong Kong. （廟街） Unknown Unknown Street market for cultural and commercial activities cultural and commercial market for Street : Temple Street Temple : Use Built in 2 Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 06 [Exercise]

[Discussion]

Techniques Used: Draw a simple sketch of the structure when it is opened. Used: Draw a simple sketch of the structure Techniques Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the flexible stall structure. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the flexible stall structure. [Observation] member. Material Used: Take a close look at the street stall. Describe the stall. Describe at the street a close look Used: Take Material function of each and suggest the material(s) you see building

1 1 Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 07 cantiliever

types （騎樓） （美都餐室） 1950s Bakery and restaurant Bakery and : Unique “Cha-chan-teng” style Unique “Cha-chan-teng” Living museum for over 60 years Living museum for Social space from street level to upper levels street Social space from [Discussion] Mido Cafe Mido

been the backdrop of many movie scenes and photoshoots. been the backdrop Clean, functional Modernist style on the exterior ‘terrace-type’ layouts. a well-lit the continuous large windows provide On the first floor, has and well-ventilated interior space. The nostalgic atmosphere The spatial configuration presents a distinct ‘cha-chan-teng The spatial configuration presents layout’, for example the zoning of seating types, separate and ‘synplex’ ‘duplex’, on variations some and kitchen, and ‘bar’ use of reinforced concrete after WWII. The improved building after WWII. The improved concrete use of reinforced of post-war tong laus technology meant that the upper floors to be supported by bulky could cantilever and no longer needed workmanship, tailor-made elements and rich ornamentation are elements and rich ornamentation are workmanship, tailor-made and aesthetics. of local culture all reflections of the popular because The cantilever type tong lau appeared street-based culture in the past to estate-based and mall-based in the past to estate-based and culture street-based ones at present. admirable level, the old-style building materials, At a micro At a macro level, the interior layout of the cha-chan-teng reflects reflects level, the interior layout of the cha-chan-teng At a macro a spaces, the shift from the development of Hong Kong urban cantilevered terraces with no external columns) in contrast to terraces with no external columns) cantilevered kee lau the pre-war Post-war tenement house built in 1950s Post-war inclined advanced type of tenement house (75-degree A more the building where Mido is located? the building where What are the advantages of cantilevered type tong lau such as the advantages of cantilevered What are

columns.

: Use Built in 3 •

• Aesthetic: •

• •

• Cultural: • • Historical: Significance as a unique interior featuring numerous types of mosaic. featuring numerous as a unique interior (tenement house). The building cantilevers from the 1/F onwards, a the 1/F onwards, The building cantilevers from (tenement house). as well profile 50s. It has a distinctive rounded typical style of the Mido Cafe is located on the ground and first floor of a tong lau and first floor of a tong lau on the ground Mido Cafe is located Tong Lau (Cantilevered Living Quarters) Lau (Cantilevered Tong Building Type: Type: Building 1

Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 08 Gascoinge Road Flyover Road Gascoinge The nostalgic atmosphere has been the backdrop has been the backdrop The nostalgic atmosphere of many movie scenes and photoshoots p 1977 (flyover) Kowloon Corridor bridge of West Vehicular 1957 (Car Park Building) 1957 (Car Park on top floors Car parking, offices : Unique solutions Gascoigne Road Flyover Gascoigne Road （油麻地停車場大廈） Yau Ma Tei Car Park Building and Car Park Ma Tei Yau

[Observation] Unique design strategy for a high-density urban

development

Describe how it reveals the age. how it reveals Describe Take a few pictures of one design feature (architectural (architectural feature design of one pictures a few Take furniture/decoration/ finishing materials, elements, of the place. that tell the age appliance) Use : Built in

4 reinforced concrete bridge going through the cavity inside the a going through bridge concrete reinforced a unique urban scene. car park building created impact of the flyover was considered minimal. The long-span impact of the flyover was considered was built to bypass existing surface roads and go right through and go right through was built to bypass existing surface roads the building. As the original building was car parking, the noise the surroundings, to solve the problem, Gascoigne Road Flyover Gascoigne Road to solve the problem, the surroundings, and Lai Chi Kok in the 70s, the Car Park Building already existed. Building already and Lai Chi Kok in the 70s, the Car Park impact to the flyover would cause even more Since re-routing When was built to connect Yau Ma Tei Ma Tei Kowloon Corridor was built to connect Yau When West Engineering Challenge • Functional: Significance Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 09 Recess of building mass on upper floors is Recess level sunlight at street intended to preserve (see image on (Daylight Law of 71.5 degree). the right) strategy Lack of public space planning, e.g. with nearby Public Square. an grid creates The arrangement of a street and attractive streetscape. ordered decorate their window frames Residents according to their personal taste and interest, and plants. This textures using different composes a very localized unique scene. Man Sing Street high-rise residential towers. high-rise residential Man Sing Street Upper levels are set back to preserve sunlight set back to preserve Upper levels are level. at street

Functional : Statutory regulations on private on private Functional : Statutory regulations buildings • • Aesthetic : Grid and Localization • • p

（文華新村）

71.5’ Residential use from 1/F onwards use from Residential Around 1965 Around : on G/F, use : Commercial Man Wah Sun Chuen Sun Wah Man

As time passed, the nearby land reclamation and the As time passed, the nearby land reclamation conditions. highway development worsened living At the time of its development, the building regulations building regulations At the time of its development, the to renovate free were looser and residents were can be seen. the flats, so today many parasitic elements space design and layout. It provided a housing solution for the rising demand of a housing solution It provided the 1960s. units due to population boom in residential effective connected, allowing The 8 massive blocks are and Vietnam. It was one of the most significant and the biggest private most significant and the biggest private It was one of the of the time. developments residential Mainland China immigrants from It first attracted rich Modernist high-density buildings Section showing the setback on top floors in compliance with daylight law.

Use Built in 5 p

p • • Cultural : Organic settlement and development Cultural : Organic settlement and development •

Social : Housing solution for population boom Social : Housing solution • •

Historical : Planned mass housing in the 1960s Historical : Planned • Significance Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 10 Cruciform building block p estate, )

) 房協 市區改善計劃 ( (駿發花園) 1991-1995 (by Housing Society (by Housing Society 1991-1995 Residential Residential New strategy for residential planning New strategy for residential : [Discussion] Prosperous Garden Prosperous Improvement of living conditions of living conditions Improvement other urban renewal project in Yau-Tsim-Mong district? in Yau-Tsim-Mong project other urban renewal compare Prosperous Garden (1990s) with Man Wah Sun Chuen (1960s)? Can you name one Garden (1990s) with Man Wah Prosperous compare Could you name some of the improvements made in terms of planning and design if we Could you name some of the improvements building envelope, creating a clean building elevation. a clean building building envelope, creating the internal core of the tower as part of the design (being of the tower as part of the the internal core like utilities hidden in internal vertical ducts). Therefore, within the enclosed water pipes and clothing racks were directly opposite to each other. directly efficiency. great Cruciform building blocks provided into incorporated Unlike tong lau, building services were Compared with Man Wah Sun Chuen, greater privacy was Sun Chuen, greater with Man Wah Compared distance was the layout as a reasonable achieved from not facing were kept between towers and living units the street level (below the residential towers) due to the residential level (below the the street component. invention of a ‘transfer plate’, a structural Facilities and public spaces could be accommodated on spaces could be accommodated and public Facilities An ‘Urban Improvement Scheme’ Scheme’ An ‘Urban Improvement carried out by projects redevelopment it was one of the the 1980s. the Government in

: Use (total: 896 flats) 8 flats/storey for sale, 28 storeys, Block 1-4 669 flats) (total: 28 flats/storey 27 storeys, rental, Block 5 for Built in

6

1

• • •

• Functional: • Social: Significance Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 11 pedestrian from sun pedestrian from and rain, and serves the It is a design lively street. to the adapted in response local climate. The tenement house The tenement house the (tong lau) is one of few surviving pre-war Kong. shophouses in Hong On upper floors, residential connected by a flats are Often, single staircase. subdivided the flats are out to multiple and rent a densely tenants, creating populated living quarter. floor is taken The ground up by a variety of shops. protects The arcade century. th

residential units shop Arcade Verandah Type Tong Lau (1920-) Tong Type Verandah Verandahs Shanghai Street was irigionally named Station Street Street named Station was irigionally Street Shanghai Since nearby. police station to the presenceof due Hong on Street Station an Upper lready a was there soon was Ma Tei Yau in Street Station the Island, Kong Street. Shanghai as renamed p - Five footway, meaning 5-feet wide arcade) meaning 5-feet Five footway,

五腳基 Representative of the architectural typology in Southern China of the architectural Representative Residential use from 1/F onwards use from Residential : Commercial use on G/F, use : Commercial : Around 1920s-1930s : Around

Pre-war type since 1925 type Pre-war Shanghai Street No. 313-315 No. Street Shanghai clothes for example and housing development of Hong Kong, a place with limited buildable land. and housing development of Hong Kong, a place with limited buildable Verandahs - for ventilation and serve also as multi-use work platforms where residents can dry their residents as multi-use work platforms where - for ventilation and serve also Verandahs Columns form an arcade ( Columns form an arcade the age and vitality of the habitants The various window decorations and façade elements reflect (large windows, high ceiling and balcony), essential for the climate of Hong Kong Cross-ventilation Vertical commercial signage on the columns commercial Vertical Tong Lau is a combination of commercial and residential units. Such mixed use is crucial to the economic and residential Lau is a combination of commercial Tong These rare surviving shophouses are part of our living heritage surviving shophouses are These rare the history of influx of Chinese immigrants in early 20 The shop houses also reflect

Front façade and arcade on G/F and arcade façade Front

Built in Use 7

• • • • • Features

• Cultural and Aesthetic: • • Significance Historical: p Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 12 Podium Tower Type Tower Podium (1980~) Rectangular Mass Type Rectangular (1970~) Shanghai Street was irigionally named Station Street Street named Station was irigionally Street Shanghai Since nearby. police station to the presenceof due Hong on Street Station an Upper lready a was there soon was Ma Tei Yau in Street Station the Island, Kong Street. Shanghai as renamed - Cantilevered Living Cantilevered Quarters Type (1950~1960) Verandah (1920~)

[Observation]

Describe the addition / alteration to original structure of tong lau and the respective usage. of tong lau and the respective original structure Describe the addition / alteration to

Building Typology summary diagrams Tong Lau Tong

Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 13

Waterloo Rd Waterloo

Temporary structure Temporary (zinc/canvas canopy) (zinc/canvas . ) 朝行晚拆 (

Reclamation St [Fig 1] The temporary structures also provide also provide [Fig 1] The temporary structures extended business space like Temple Street. Street. extended business space like Temple an organic This deployable system creates scene street Properous Garden Properous Permanent structure structure Permanent YMT Theatre (pre-war brick building) (pre-war p

草棚

found on site

（油麻地果欄） in 1913

草棚

found on site are: found on site are:

to be

Cheung Sha Wan Fishery Wholesaling Market. Fishery Wholesaling market began to specialize in fruit trading, market began to specialize of New Cheung Sha along with the emergence and Wholesaling Market Vegetables Wan Current brick buildings were built in 1920s, 1920s, in built were brick buildings Current market for 1965, it was the wholesale Before and fish. After 1965, the fruits, vegetables Started in 1913 as straw bale sheds 1913 as straw bale Started in : Commercial (Wholesale Fruit Market) (Wholesale : Commercial : Wholesale Fruit Market Fruit Wholesale wholesellers and 16 brick row houses (along Waterloo Road) Road) Waterloo houses (along wholesellers and 16 brick row built by the same contractor. were needs of business (e.g. contractable canopy). needs of business (e.g. contractable of the trade and history of the building. available on site. wood, zinc, nylon). Makeshift structures use whatever is use wood, zinc, nylon). Makeshift structures [Fig 2] Nowadays, the most common structures and structures [Fig 2] Nowadays, the most common Began as straw bale sheds started selling land to [Fig 1] Until 1920-30s, government Pre-WWII signage on the roof parapet speaks to the identity parapet speaks to the signage on the roof Pre-WWII Rigid buildings with flexible additional devices to suit the Rigid buildings with flexible additional preference. according to personal A variety of enclosure Low-tech, low budget solutions and materials (brick, ply Low-tech, low budget solutions and

[Fig 2] Common structures and materials [Fig 2] Common structures

Use 1950s Built in 8 6

• • • Evolution of structure and material Evolution of structure • •

• Features •

p Daily operating hours are from around 1:00am to 6:00am. 50,000 1:00am to 6:00am. 50,000 around from Daily operating hours are traded daily. boxes of fruits are trade for and Kowloon for a century. for a century. trade for Hong Kong Island and Kowloon The Wholesale Fruit Market has functioned as the heart of fruit Market has functioned as the heart The Wholesale Fruit materials

Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 14 ). 朝行晚拆 [Discussion] activities between daytime and nighttime due activities between daytime and nighttime to the unique operating mode ( Imagine and describe the change in street street Imagine and describe the change in Yau Ma Tei Theatre Theatre Ma Tei Yau structures in the fruit market and on Temple Temple fruit market and on in the structures Describe the similarities between the temporary the temporary the similarities between Describe 1 p 2 Street.

Exercise Exercise and Yau Ma Tei Theatre. Theatre. Ma Tei and Yau structures in the fruit market (facing Waterloo Road) Road) Waterloo fruit market (facing in the structures Describe the similarities between the permanent the permanent the similarities between Describe Fruit market brick buildings along Waterloo Road Road Fruit market brick buildings along Waterloo

p

1 Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 15 elevation facing Reclamation Road elevation facing Reclamation Front façade facing Waterloo Road, side Road, façade facing Waterloo Front p

venue in （戲曲） （油麻地戲院）

Brick Building, both graded historic buildings, had Brick Building, both a territory-wide performing been converted into Chinese for promoting arts venue designated opera. particular, opera activities, in The original Yau Ma Tei Theatre ceased operation in ceased Theatre Ma Tei Yau The original Red with the nearby In 2012, together July 1998. : 1928 : Cultural

Witness the evolution of local food trading Witness the evolution A living Heritage in Hong Kong Yau Ma Tei Theatre Tei Ma Yau Key entertainment venue for working-class

Ma Tei neighbourhood. It was an important entertainment Ma Tei place in the as a key social gathering venue and regarded District Development shall become the newest ‘xiqu’ Kowloon Cultural Hong Kong, and is part of the West some even had two levels. It wasn’t until the 1990s that some even had two levels. It wasn’t multiplex-cinemas appeared of Hong Kong). It by NPO (The Chinese Artists Association Opera performances past because they also served as venues for Cantonese past because they also served as venues Its audience had always been the working-class of the Yau of the Yau Its audience had always been the working-class YMT Theatre Complex is now being revitalized and reused and reused Complex is now being revitalized YMT Theatre Back then, a theatre normally had about 1,000 seats; normally had about 1,000 Back then, a theatre Cinemas in Hong Kong were often called “theatres” in the often called “theatres” Cinemas in Hong Kong were Classified as a Grade II Historic Building. Classified as a Grade in Kowloon. theatre The only surviving pre-WWII Elevations and Section (AMO report. Photo source: ArchSD) Photo source: (AMO report.

9

Use Built in p district.

• Social:

•

•

Cultural: • • • Historical: Significance Design and Applied Technology | Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 16 Red Brick Building Red p from 1895 to 1911 from 1895. Grade I historic building (June1895. Grade I historic 2000) : Station Pumping Ma Tei : Originally the Yau

[Discussion]

will be affected? How do you think the local culture of YMT District of YMT District How do you think the local culture different roles to serve the community. to serve the roles different It remains its strong tie with the neighbourhood despite tie with the neighbourhood despite its strong It remains District by adapting to Ma Tei the rapid changes of Yau adaptive reuses as a post office, hazardous goods as a post office, adaptive reuses sleepers’ shelter and hawkers control street store, office. multiple Brick Building underwent After 1911, the Red Red Brick Building Red Built in Use with small multi-function rooms, office and a souvenir shop. office rooms, with small multi-function The converted Yau Ma Tei Theatre would hold a seating capacity of about 300 while the Red Brick the Red a seating capacity of about 300 while would hold Theatre Ma Tei The converted Yau the Theatre, become a supporting facility of would Theatre, Ma Tei to Yau proximity Building, in close The Chief Executive, in his 2007/08 Policy Address, announced that the Government had decided Government had that the announced Address, 2007/08 Policy Executive, in his The Chief would serve as a which Opera Centre into a Cantonese Theatre Ma Tei the former Yau to convert Opera troupes. for Cantonese performing venue permanent Yau Ma Tei Theatre and Red Brick Building Brick Red and Theatre Ma Tei Yau Center the Chinese Opera becomes

1

District. The Yau Ma Tei Theatre will become a new hub for promoting become a new hub for promoting will Theatre Ma Tei The Yau Kowloon Cultural of the West and the entrance Summary

Yau Ma Tei is going through an urban renewal process which creates an interesting mix of the old and the new. There are post-war restaurants, open air flea markets and new residential developments. By studying the various checkpoints in the field trip, we can observe that for any kind of building development, it is essential to establish connections with the local contexts through the localization process. We should rethink the impacts urban renewal has on a neighbourhood with strong local cultures such as Yau Ma Tei, and while upgrading the life quality of residents, effort should also be invested in sustaining the local traditions, which are a valuable part of our intangible heritage with deep roots in history.

Key words Design and Applied Technology | Arcade Cantilever Cruciform plan Deployable structure Verandah Vernacular architecture

Further reading Visit: Yau Ma Tei - Vernacular Solutions for Architecture 1. Mido Cafe and restaurant culture http://www.archicentre.hk/download/CCT00intro.pdf 2. Yau Ma Tei Theatre and Red Brick Building http://www.amo.gov.hk/form/YMTT_RBB_HIA%20Report.pdf 3. Yau Ma Tei Theatre http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/CulturalService/ymtt/en/index.php 4. 〈油麻地果欄 百年燈火 夜夜通明〉，《新報人》第四十二卷 第二期 2011年11月 http://sanpoyan.journalism.hkbu.edu.hk/index.php/component/content/article/80-2011-09- 22-07-26-44/239-2011-09-22-07-26-11?directory=2 5. 建築篇：午夜市場油麻地果欄 http://zoomimaging.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=1832730 6. 茹縈瑩編，〈香江漫話：見證百年 油麻地果欄的日與夜〉，香港新聞網 2012年05月27日 http://www.hkcna.hk/content/2012/0527/142982.shtml 7. 〈 圖說往昔—油麻地果欄〉，《頭條日報》網站 http://news.hkheadline.com/figure/index.asp?page_f_id=8&id=346

Organizer Sponsor Research Team 17