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Representations of Spain in Early Modern English Drama
Saugata Bhaduri Polycolonial Angst: Representations of Spain in Early Modern English Drama One of the important questions that this conference1 requires us to explore is how Spain was represented in early modern English theatre, and to examine such representation especially against the backdrop of the emergence of these two nations as arguably the most important players in the unfolding game of global imperialism. This is precisely what this article proposes to do: to take up representative English plays of the period belonging to the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) which do mention Spain, analyse what the nature of their treat- ment of Spain is and hypothesise as to what may have been the reasons behind such a treatment.2 Given that England and Spain were at bitter war during these twenty years, and given furthermore that these two nations were the most prominent rivals in the global carving of the colonial pie that had already begun during this period, the commonsensical expectation from such plays, about the way Spain would be represented in them, should be of unambiguous Hispanophobia. There were several contextual reasons to occasion widespread Hispanophobia in the period. While Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon (1509) and its subsequent annulment (1533) had already sufficiently complicated Anglo-Hispanic relations, and their daughter Queen Mary I’s marriage to Philip II of Spain (1554) and his subsequent becoming the King of England and Ireland further aggravated the 1 The conference referred to here is the International Conference on Theatre Cultures within Globalizing Empires: Looking at Early Modern England and Spain, organised by the ERC Project “Early Modern European Drama and the Cultural Net (DramaNet),” at the Freie Universität, Ber- lin, November 15–16, 2012, where the preliminary version of this article was presented. -
Form Foreign Policy Took- Somerset and His Aims: Powers Change? Sought to Continue War with Scotland, in Hope of a Marriage Between Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots
Themes: How did relations with foreign Form foreign policy took- Somerset and his aims: powers change? Sought to continue war with Scotland, in hope of a marriage between Edward and Mary, Queen of Scots. Charles V up to 1551: The campaign against the Scots had been conducted by Somerset from 1544. Charles V unchallenged position in The ‘auld alliance’ between Franc and Scotland remained, and English fears would continue to be west since death of Francis I in dominated by the prospect of facing war on two fronts. 1547. Somerset defeated Scots at Battle of Pinkie in September 1547. Too expensive to garrison 25 border Charles won victory against forts (£200,000 a year) and failed to prevent French from relieving Edinburgh with 10,000 troops. Protestant princes of Germany at In July 1548, the French took Mary to France and married her to French heir. Battle of Muhlberg, 1547. 1549- England threatened with a French invasion. France declares war on England. August- French Ottomans turned attention to attacked Boulogne. attacking Persia. 1549- ratified the Anglo-Imperial alliance with Charles V, which was a show of friendship. Charles V from 1551-1555: October 1549- Somerset fell from power. In the west, Henry II captured Imperial towns of Metz, Toul and Verdun and attacked Charles in the Form foreign policy-Northumberland and his aims: Netherlands. 1550- negotiated a settlement with French. Treaty of In Central Europe, German princes Somerset and Boulogne. Ended war, Boulogne returned in exchange for had allied with Henry II and drove Northumberland 400,000 crowns. England pulled troops out of Scotland. -
AG RECEIVED /Lf-Osi.>:F
EC RECEIVED APR 1 6 2014 /lf- o SI.>:f EXBCtJTI'VEdm at OPTIIESECRET ARY-G.BNERAI, 14 April2014 ACTION M The Honourable Ban Ki-moon Secretary-General COPY D sf:, United Nations Headquarters c_cL c.... 2 United Nations Plaza £-s New York, New York 10017 United States of America AG The Reqm:st by Palestinian Officials to Join UN Agencies and Accede ro International Conventions Your Excellency: By way of introduction, the European Centre for Law and Justice ("ECLJ") is an international, Non-Governmental Organisation ("NGO"), dedicated, inter alia, to the promotion and protection of human rights and to the fu rtherance of the rule of law in international affairs. The ECLJ has held Special Consultative Status before the United Nations/ECOSOC since 200i. Recently, Palestinian Authority (PA) President Mahmoud Abbas submitted a series of letters to various UN agencies as well as to officials of Switzerland and the Netherlands requesting that "Palestine" be admitted to the respective UN agency or that "Palestine" be permitted to accede to the respective convention or treaty2• By submitting such requests, President Abbas is attempting to obtain recognition of Palestinian statehood "through the back door" by circumventing the provisions of solemn treaties which the PA entered into in the past. Such a manoeuvre indicates that the Palestinians are prepared to violate the terms of agreements they have entered into when such terms become inconvenient or do not lead to the results the Palestinians otherwise desire. Such actions violate fo undational principles of international law, to wit, the principle of ·'good fa ith" 3 4 and the rule of ''pacta sunt servanda" regarding treaties , and cannot be permitted or tolerated. -
Acknowledgements There Are Several People Without
Acknowledgements There are several people without whose assistance this thesis could not have been produced. I would like to thank, in particular, the following: Dr Alan Marshal, my supervisor at Bath Spa University College, for his constant nagging to 'get on with it'; Professor Roger Richardson of King Alfred's for his support as my external supervisor; Bath Spa University College for a constant supply of Inter Library Loans, a bursary and a travel grant to Spain; The Andrew C. Duncan Catholic History Trust for a research grant; Mgr Peter Pooling and the staff at Collegio Ingleses, Valladolid, Spain for their hospitality and access to their Archives; Mgr Michael Williams, for his assistance at Archive General, Simancas; Fr Daniel Rees, Librarian, Downside Abbey, Stratton on the Fosse, Somerset for access to the monastic library; Dr Dominic Bellenger and Dr Elaine Chalus, for their support and suggestions; Dr Ratal Witkowski, for Polish biographies; Joan Pattison, Dick Meyer, Irene Stansby for French, Dutch and Polish translations respectively; and David and Louise for being there. I would also like to thank Dr Paul Hyland & Doctor Barry Coward for their useful comments and suggestions that have enabled me to complete this work successfully. This thesis is dedicated to the memory of Charlotte May Anderson (May, 1977). Phis copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. Contents List of Illustrations Abbreviations Preface 12 Introduction 22 1. James VI and I and the Early Seventeenth-Century Political Scene 27 2. -
Britain and the Dutch Revolt 1560–1700 Hugh Dunthorne Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83747-7 - Britain and the Dutch Revolt 1560–1700 Hugh Dunthorne Frontmatter More information Britain and the Dutch Revolt 1560–1700 England’s response to the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568–1648) has been studied hitherto mainly in terms of government policy, yet the Dutch struggle with Habsburg Spain affected a much wider commu- nity than just the English political elite. It attracted attention across Britain and drew not just statesmen and diplomats but also soldiers, merchants, religious refugees, journalists, travellers and students into the confl ict. Hugh Dunthorne draws on pamphlet literature to reveal how British contemporaries viewed the progress of their near neigh- bours’ rebellion, and assesses the lasting impact which the Revolt and the rise of the Dutch Republic had on Britain’s domestic history. The book explores affi nities between the Dutch Revolt and the British civil wars of the seventeenth century – the fi rst major challenges to royal authority in modern times – showing how much Britain’s chang- ing commercial, religious and political culture owed to the country’s involvement with events across the North Sea. HUGH DUNTHORNE specializes in the history of the early modern period, the Dutch revolt and the Dutch republic and empire, the his- tory of war, and the Enlightenment. He was formerly Senior Lecturer in History at Swansea University, and his previous publications include The Enlightenment (1991) and The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Britain and the Low Countries -
Anglo-Dutch Relations, a Political and Diplomatic Analysis of the Years
1 ANGLO-DUTCH RELATIONS A Political and Diplomatic Analysis of the years 1625-1642 ’’Nations have no permanent friends or allies, they only have permanent interests’’ Lord Palmerston Britain’s Prime Minister 1855 and 1859-65 Anton Poot, M.A. Royal Holloway University of London March 2013 Supervised by Professor Pauline Croft, MA (Oxon) DPhil. FSA FRHistS, to be submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Declaration: I hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis, ANGLO-DUTCH RELATIONS A Political and Diplomatic Analysis of the years 1625-1642 is my own. Signed: Name: Anton Poot Date: 2013 For my wife Jesmond 2 ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to analyse Anglo-Dutch relations in this highly volatile period, as perceived and interpreted by both sides, and it also closes the gap between the notable theses of Grayson1 and Groenveld2. On 23 August 1625 Charles I and the Dutch Republic concluded a partnership agreement for joint warfare at sea and a month later a treaty for war against Spain. In December 1625 England, Denmark and the Republic signed treaties to establish the nucleus of an alliance against the Austrian Habsburgs. Charles wanted an active role in continental politics. Also to compel Spain to support his aim to restore his exiled sister Elizabeth and husband Count Elector Frederick V to their Palatinate estates and Frederick to his Electoral dignities in the Empire. The Dutch wanted England as an active partner in their war with Spain. It was a partnership of convenience, with different objectives but with the intention that success would serve the interests of both. -
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 46100 I I
INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. -
Guide to Treaty Research
ARTHUR W. DIAMOND LAW LIBRARY RESEARCH GUIDES Guide to Treaty Research Written by Simon Canick Maintained by Silke Sahl Last Updated April 2015 Contents [hide] 1 Introduction to Treaty Research 2 When the United States is a Party 2.1 Databases 2.2 Treaty Indexes 2.3 Pending / Recent Treaties 2.4 The Publication of Treaty Texts: Current 2.5 The Publication of Treaty Texts: Historic 3 When the United States May Not Be a Party 3.1 Databases Multilateral Treaties 3.2 Treaty Indexes Multilateral Treaties 3.3 Treaty Indexes Bilateral / Multilateral Treaties 3.4 Treaty Collections 4 When You Know One of the Parties 4.1 Australia 4.2 Canada 4.3 European Union / European Communities 4.4 France 4.5 Germany 4.6 Great Britain 5 SubjectSpecific Treaty Research 5.1 Arms Control 5.2 Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) 5.3 Commercial / Trade Agreements 5.4 Environmental Law 5.5 Human Rights 5.6 Intellectual Property 5.7 Tax Treaties 5.7.1 United States is a Party 5.7.2 United States May Not be a party 5.8 Terrorism 6 Treaty Citation 7 Other Research Guides Introduction to Treaty Research The Diamond Law Library is a great place to find the text of treaties. We have access to all of the resources described in this guide, and many others not mentioned. But even with the right tools, treaty research can be quite difficult and time consuming. This is especially true if you do not have a good understanding of treaties and how they are formed. -
United States - Vatican Recognition: Background and Issues
The Catholic Lawyer Volume 29 Number 3 Volume 29, Summer 1984, Number 3 Article 2 United States - Vatican Recognition: Background and Issues Samuel W. Bettwy Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.stjohns.edu/tcl Part of the Catholic Studies Commons This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Catholic Lawyer by an authorized editor of St. John's Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNITED STATES-VATICAN RECOGNITION: BACKGROUND AND ISSUESt SAMUEL W. BETTWY* "A lawyer without history or literature is a mechanic . .;[with] some knowledge of these .. .an architect."' In world affairs, the Roman Catholic Church and all its alter egos are known generically as "the Vatican." Its leader is the "Pope," its diplo- matic agent is called the "Holy See," and its independent territory is called "The State of Vatican City." The Vatican participates in interna- tional conferences as well as in bilateral and multilateral treaties with world nations. Nevertheless, the Church is not a state, nor does it claim to be one. On January 10, 1984, the United States became the 107th na- tion and the first superpower to establish reciprocal diplomatic relations with the Vatican.2 Although other attempts had been made, never before t Copyright Samuel W. Bettwy 1984. * Project Editor, American Society of International Law; Member, California and Arizona State Bars and the Bar of the District of Columbia; B.A. Economics, Pomona College; J.D., California Western School of Law; LL.M., Georgetown University Law Center. -
A.P. European History. Western Heritage Chapter 12 the Age of Religious Wars September 2017
A.P. European History. Western Heritage Chapter 12 The Age of Religious Wars September 2017 All assignments and dates are subject to change. Assignments Due 1. Read pp. 390-395 The French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) September 3, Sunday 2. Read pp. 395-404 Imperial Spain and the Reign of Philip II (1556-1598) September 6, Wednesday England & Spain (1553-1603) 3. Read pp. 404-413 The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) September 8, Friday 4. SAQ QUIZ TBA 5. All Bp”s & 1 outline are due September 15 Friday 6. http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/lecture6c.html Read!! 7. Chapter 12 Test September 15 Friday Study Guide for Chapter 12 - The Age of Religious Wars Terms and People to Know Sec 1. (pgs 388-395) presbyters Counter-Reformation baroque Peter Paul Reubens Gianlorenzo Bernini Christopher Wren Rembrandt van Rijn politiques Huguenots Edict of Fontainebleau Edict of Chateaubriand Henry of Navarre Catherine de Medici Bourbons Guises Louis I, Prince of Condy Admiral Gaspard de Coligny Conspiracy of Amboise Theodore Beza Francis II Charles IX January Edict Peace of St. Germain-en-Laye Battle of Lepanto Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre Henry of Navarre Franco - Gallia Francois Hotman On the Right of Magistrates over Their Subjects Henry III The Peace of Beaulieu The Day of Barricades Henry IV The Edict of Nantes Treaty of Vervins Sec 2. (pgs 395-401) Spanish Armada Philip II Ferdinand I Potosi ( Bolivia ) Zacatecas (Mexico) inflation The Escorial Don Carlos Don John of Austria The Battle of Lepanto annexation of Portugal Cardinal Granvelle Margaret of Parma The Count of Egmont William of Nassau ( of Orange) Anne of Saxony Louis of Nassau The Compromise The Duke of Alba The Council of Trouble "tenth penny tax" Stadholder "Sea Beggars" Don Luis de Requesens "The Spanish Fury" The Pacification of Ghent Union of Brussels The Perpetual Edict of 1577 The Union of Arras The Union of Utrecht " The Apology" Duke of Alencon Maurice of Orange Treaty of Joinville Twelve Year's Truce Sec 3. -
World History
World History Social Science Grade(s) 10th - 12th, Duration 1 Year, 1 Credit Required Course Course Overview This class will continue to build upon the basic social studies concepts that were introduced in Foundations of Social Studies. A broad and interpretive view of the history of the world will be introduced with a special emphasis put on the effects as seen in modern history. Points of emphasis will be the Ancient Civilization of Greece, Development of Society during the Middle Ages (900-1400), the Rebirth of Learning during the Renaissance and Reformation, the Global Age of Exploration (1400-1750), the Age of Enlightenment, and the Age of Revolutions (1650-1920). Students will be expected to read and interpret outside sources of historical information including significant historical documents, historical periodicals, and internet research. Active participation in several extension activities will be required in order for the student to grasp and understand each historical landmark being presented. Homework will vary with each topic being presented, but students will be required to read materials that will significantly enhance their understanding of the history of the world. Scope And Sequence Timeframe Unit Instructional Topics 7 Week(s) Ancient Greece 1. Early Greek city-states 2. Greek politics 3. Greek Government and society 4. Greek culture 3 Week(s) The Middle Ages 1. Feudalism 2. The Age of Chivalry 3. The Power of the Church 4. The Formation of Western Europe 5. Changes in the Medieval Society 6. The Development of England and France 7. The Hundred Years' War 2 Week(s) The Crusades 1. -
LIST of TREATIES to WHICH the MALDIVES IS PARTY to Updated: December 2020
LIST OF TREATIES TO WHICH THE MALDIVES IS PARTY TO Updated: December 2020 Ratification(R)/ Accession (a)/ Date and place of Acceptance(A)/ No Treaty/ Convention/ Agreement Date of Signature Depositary Focal Point Internal Links adoption Approval (Ap)/ Participation(P)/ Succession(S) Note: An asterisk indicates that a treaty has either expired, been terminated, has been superseded by a subsequent agreement or has been amended. CONVENTIONS ESTABLISHING MULTILATERAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1 Charter of the United Nations 26 June 1945, San 20-Sep-1965 US Govt (UN for Ministry of Foreign http://www.un.org/en/section Francisco some depositary Affairs s/un-charter/introductory- function) note/index.html 2 Amendment to Article 109 of the Charter of the United Nations, 20 Dec 1965, New 5-Sep-1968 UN Secretary Ministry of Foreign adopted by the UN General Assembly Resolution 2101 (XX) York General Affairs 3 Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) 26 June 1945, San 20-Sep-1965 US Govt (UN for http://www.icj- Francisco some depositary cij.org/documents/?p1=4&p2 function) =2 4 Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) 22 July 1946, New 5-Nov-1965 (A) UN Secretary- Ministry of Health http://www.who.int/governan York General ce/eb/who_constitution_en.p df 5 Convention of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) 11 Oct 1947, 31-May-1967 (A) IMO Secretary- Ministry of Transport http://cil.nus.edu.sg/rp/il/pdf/ Washington General and Communication 1948%20Convention%20on %20the%20International%20 Maritime%20Organization- pdf.pdf