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A R T 1 C L E s

HISTORY UPHELD The Enola Gay deserves better than the National Air and Space Museum! By Herman G. Harrington 16

HE GAVE 'EM HELL

A revealing interview with President Harr}' S. Truman. By Philip C. Clarke 28

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT The making ofthe mostfearsome weapon known to man. By Sid Moody 30

BIRTH OF A BOMB From the invisible atom to the end of World War II. 33

WELCOME TO ODDBALL U. Get a new spin on higher education. By Phyllis Zauner 34

GOING THE SECOND MILE

You '11 never wear the stars without making that extra effort. ByJohn F. Flanagan ]r 36

SPECIAL SECTION: FOREIGN POLICY

DO WE HAVE ONE?

'/ Mty our country 's "push me/pull me " diplomacy isn working. By Elliott Abrams 20

WHAT DID WE WIN IN THE GULF?

Despite what pundits say, Desert Stormfulfilled its goals. By Brian Crozier 23

DO AMERICANS EXPECT BLOODLESS VICTORY?

Recent campaigns have gone so well, we may have an unrealistic view ofwar By Gonzalo I. Vergara 26 D E P A R T M E NTS

BIG ISSUES should Congress end affirmative action.^ 10

VETVOICE 4 YOUR AMERICAN LEGION 14 VETS 44

COMMANDER'S MESSAGE 8 VETERANS UPDATE 40 PARTING SHOTS 68

WASHINGTON WATCH 12 LEGION NEWS 41

COVER The contrasting personalities ofDr. Robert Oppenheimer and Brig. Gen. Leslie Groves guided America 's top-secret mission to build an atomic bomb. See Page 30. Illustration by David Beck.

The American Legion Magazine, a leader among national general-interest publications, is published

nnonthly by The American Legion for its 3 million members. These military-service veterans, working

through nearly 1 5,000 community-level Posts, dedicate themselves to God and country and traditional American values; strong national security; adequate and compassionate care for veterans, their wid- ows and orphans; community service; and the wholesome development of our nation's youths.

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money back. DON'T DELAY! (Limit 4 sets.) The American Legion (ISSN 0886-1234) is published monthly by The American Legion, 5561 W. 74th Street, Littleton Coin Company, Dept. LH0234, Littleton, NH 03561 Indianapolis, IN 46268. Second-class postage paid at Indianapolis, IN 46204 and additional mailing offices. Celebrating Over 50 Years FYiendly Service to Collectors of ©LCC Price: Annual subscription, $12 ($18, Foreign); post- sponsored gift subscriptions, $6; Single copy, $2. POST- MASTER; Send address changes to The American Legion, P^^^®^ ^^^^ Susan B. Anthony six-coin 1979 & 1980 All-Mint Set at Input Services, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206. I lYES! the low introductory price of ^IQ per set. (Regularly ^iftSS"- Limit 4) Cliange of Address: Notify The American Legion, Input Services, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, IN 46206. 317-328- Send coupon with payment to: No. of sets (limit 4) x $10.00 per set = $_ 4640. Attach old address label, provide old and new Littleton Coin Company Shipping & Handling $ 1.00 addresses and current membership card number. Dept. LH0234, Total enclosed $ To request microfilm copies, please write to: University Littleton, NH 03561 Mr./Mrs./Ms._ Microfilms, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Check or money order enclosed Address Canada Post International Publications Mall (Canadian Charge to my: VISA MC Distribution) Sales Agreement No. 546321. Re-entered City State ZIP AMEX Discover second class mail matter at Manila Central Post office dated December 22, 1991.

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Boys Town Works House and Senate get what they want Although I am going blind from in salaries, health care, pensions and cataracts, is unable to treat Beyond Boys Town lies a life. A life VA me perks, yet they full of opportunity for education, deny everybody else. because of lack of money. My eyesight Robert K. is achievement and service to society. Smith so bad that I found it difficult to read McGregor, Texas the articles in the The model Newt Gingrich displayed is local paper about the best for the majority of today's Congress appropriating billions of dol- I think it's time the veterans' organi- lars to foreign countries. abused, neglected and abandoned chil- zations rethink their support for the dren ("Beyond Boys Town," April, by But I can now see why VA has to financial albatross of VA. Closing large deny help to sick, Gumey Williams III). disabled veterans. university-affiliated medical centers The vast majority of children enter- George Grenlee and providing care with vouchers ing the welfare system do not require Dulzura, Calif. would be more convenient. The VA residential treatment. It is only after has fought closing and consolidation their lives have been disrupted time and Bring 'Em Home for years. Why? It protects the status again through foster care placement, Here we are closing bases like crazy quo. The VA needs to exist, but not in while spending billions to keep troops and replacement and replacement. . . its present form. in The orphanage is a place of stability, Europe to bolster a foreign country's A.M. Onderko providing food, clothing, shelter, love economy ("Why The U.S. Military Chillicothe, Ohio Should and discipline. It is a place of prepara- Stay 'Over There,'" April, by tion. A chance to develop the talents Gary L. Geipel). Bring the troops home! I am really upset that Congress can and skills required for survival and par- Our alms to foreign lands should be even consider cutting any VA benefits ticipation in the greater society. sharply curtailed. By pulling back and to veterans of any wars. What about all leaving training personnel to teach, Take it from one who's been there. we the money the sends John P. Flaherty would bolster sorely depressed areas overseas? I pray that all veterans will Boys Town Class of '48 caused by our cutbacks. The 50,000 stand up and be heard. We did our part; Winslow, Ariz. civilian employees in just Germany now we expect to be treated fairly. alone spells out why they want our Francis J. Williamson Benefit Battle troops to stay. Will we never learn? Jefferson, Ga. I read in outrage the self-indulgent Jack Beyers and arrogant comments of Sen. Alan Reno, Nev. Simpson and columnist William Safire WANT concerning veterans' benefits ("Veter- WE YOUR Flag Raiser Alive ans Under Fire On Two Fronts," Veter- OPINIONS In the May Vetvoice, Curtis Hansen ans Update, May). It reminded me of of Edina, Minn., says that Charles President 's response The AMERICAN Legion Lindberg is the only living person that to WWI veterans' demands for a Magazine welcomes letters to was involved with the Iwo Jima flag bonus. Coolidge vetoed all bonus bills the editor concerning articles raising. Calvin Scott of Celina, Ohio, by claiming the veterans did not that appear in the publication. Be formerly of Ft. Recovery, Ohio, is alive sure to include deserve a bonus because it was their hometown and a and participated in the flag raising. duty to serve. And in 1932 President daytime phone number for Roger K. Myers Hoover chased the Bonus Army out of verification. Short letters are Ft. Wayne, Ind. Washington with violence. more likely to be published, and In 1934 the progressive Sen. Gerald all letters are subject to editing Enola Yea! P. Nye held hearings on the huge prof- for clarity and brevity. I just finished reading the article, its made in by the muni- We now offer readers three "How the Legion Held Sway on Enola tions manufacturers. Nye condemned ways to send us letters to the Gay" (May), and it reaffirmed how how profitable war could be for some. editor: proud I am to belong to The American

Apparently, it was not everyone's civic You can send e-mail to: Legion. I will be distributing copies to duty to serve in the mud and trenches [email protected] my Rotary Club and church. of France for low wages. You can leave a recorded letter Chester B. Nichols Robert W. Ceder to the editor by calling: East Rutherford, NJ. Sheboygan Falls, Wis. (314) 474-7474 Callers' opinions are considered No Cakewalk I think Sen. Simpson has slapped for publication and receive a D Sid Moody's article "V-E Day" every veteran in the face with his symbol when used. (May) oversimplified the reality of the remarks about how he did not want to Or you can write to: situation of going into the Battle of "hear any horror stories." I can assure The American Legion Magazine Berlin and Eisenhower's decision. The the senator that these veterans who are P.O. 60x1055 estimates at the time were that the experiencing pain because of service- Indianapolis, IN 46206 Allies would have lost 100,000 men. connected disabilities are real. The Please turn page

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION Great Spint,

Give me tfie Streryfth

andCourage oftfie Wb^

The tribe has gathered on the eve of

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lifelike and detailed; absolute in its historic authenticity, this hand-painted sculpture boldly summons the excitement and wonder of this fascinating, age-old ritual —the hunter's saaed dance. "Spirit of the Wolf" premieres the Mystic Spirits Sculpture Collection, sensitively and realistically portraying Native Americans as they strive to achieve a mystic communion with the creatures who share their world. Each exquisite sculpture will be accompanied by a numbered Certificate of Authenticity. And as the owner you will have the opportunity, but never the obligation, to preview subsequent issues. Our 30 Day, 100% Satisfaction

Guarantee assures you order at no risk. Considering the enormous popularity of Western-theme sculptures, along with the power of Stephen Douglas' art — this

series is expected to attract intense demand. Submit your reservation without delay!

©1994 HC. All RighLs Reserved.

1 Respond by: August 31,1995 Please accept my reservation for (Qty.) "Spirit of the Wolf (s) payable in three equal sculpture , monthly installments of $18.33* each.

I need send no money now. On

acceptance, 1 will be billed for my first installment prior to shipment. CRMi QH AA

Mr./Ms./Mrs. Address City State Zip by Telephone ( .)_ Shown smaller than actual Stephen Signature *Plli's SI. 46 shipping and handling per sculpture paymenl. size of 9 '/" in height Douglas For deliveries to FL add SI. 10 per sculpture paymenl for stale sales lax. All reservations must be signed and are subject to acceptance. The Hamilton Collection SPIRIT 4810 Executive Park Ct., P.O. Box 44051, OF THE WOLF Jacksonville, FL 32231-4051

I I I think the way it was presented War I, World War II and the Korean I enjoyed the article, "They Went To made the attack sound like it was a War. Bat For Uncle Sam," about celebrities summertime cruise. And I don't think Gene Blackburn in the service. You mentioned Joe that reflects the real situation. Rome, N.Y. DiMaggio, but his brother, Dominic, Q Joseph Adams was also in the Navy in the South Shavertown, Pa. Memorial Pacific. The reason I know? I was sec- Day ond baseman on an all-star team, and Normally when I receive my AMER- Dominic was in center field. ICAN LEGION MAGAZINE, I rush to Remembered E. Stony Steinbach read it because I have found it to be I am amazed at how a war that Mayville, Wis. affected so many and is still one of the very informative and in some cases main sources of discord in the very inspiring. After reading your Gavel Rousing off into Memorial Day May 1995 issue, it left has been shoved obscurity by The Wall Street Journal's legal edi- me with a sick feeling in the bottom of our nation ("Some Still Remember," tor, Stephen Adler, misses the most my gut. May). important point about the failings of the Your tribute seems to be for the In a C-Span discussion of the poli- jury system ("Juries on Trial," June). affected nation over the white males, and you simply forgot the cies that our The jury should be paid at a rate com- brave women, African-Americans and past 50 years, I was shocked to hear parable to the lawyers and judges. The Walsh, the White House corre- other minorities who gave their lives Ken present system is slave labor: Let the for this great country. spondent for U .S. News and World litigants pay for the jurors. Being an African-American and a Report, say, "Nothing of drastic or Also, each juror should be able to retired person with more than 30 years nation changing happened during the take notes. Adler did make some good in the military, your tribute was insen- '50s generation." points when he stated that there should If like can brush off sitive, showed a lack of knowledge of people Walsh be shorter trials and no challenges. American history, and complete disre- the like some flake of dan- Paul F. Pugh will spect for a large segment of your sub- druff, why young people even con- Springville, Calif. sider the Korean Veterans Memorial as scribers, who happen to be very patriot- meaningful? Recognition from our ic Americans. Flying Proud country means a lot to those who were Alton W. Powell It was truly sad for me to see in my willing to sacrifice time and life for a Clinton, Md. entire neighborhood that I was the only cause. I only hope we will be granted one who displayed the American Flag that, at least. Official Office on Memorial Day. However, I was Dan Free Sid Moody's article "V-E Day" pleased that our 27-year-old grandson Pentwater, Mich. (May) contained a mistake. He stated did display the flag I had given him that Franklin D. Roosevelt took office several years ago. I suggest that all Legion- I see nothing mentioned about the 10 days before Hitler became chancel- want to Navy in "Some Still Remember." It lor of Germany. Hitler took office on naires give at least one American Flag year. would be a shame if we are left out of Jan. 30, 1933. FDR became President to a member of their family each is low, but the benefits memorial remembrances. on March 4, 1933. The cost and Carlos D. Strickland The 20th Amendment was ratified in pride are enormous. Jacksonville, Fla. February 1933, which changed the Milton A. Braun inauguration to Jan. 20. FDR's subse- Dallas quent inaugurals were on Jan. 20. The Korean War remains on the Glen Bowser Farewell Welfare back burner of American memories. Seibert, Colo. Congress should reduce welfare When I returned after my Korean ser- dependency ("Should Congress halt vice, I called the local Legion Post to welfare benefits for unwed teenage inquire about joining. The spokesman They Batted, Too mothers?", Big Issues, May). I believe for the Post told me that Korean vets The article "They Went To Bat For welfare should be paid over a two-year were not being accepted. Boy, was he Uncle Sam" (June, by Steve Salerno) period during which job training should right! was excellent. I just want to mention be provided. Our current system pro- Richard Hunt the contributions of actors Lee Marvin, vides $15,000 to an unwed teen, pro- Fort Solonga, N.Y. a WWII veteran who is buried at vided she doesn't work and does not Arlington National Cemetery, and marry an employed male. This is

I enjoyed your article, "Some Still , a decorated combat wrong and must be modified to provide Remember." The man in the photo on veteran who participated at D-Day in a work training incentive. page 26 of the kneeling soldier is my Normandy. Gordon G. VanAntwerp wife's distant cousin, Sgt. Orland Enos ^John Pettmeier Aloha, Ore. Huntoon, who participated in World Deadwood, S.D. Please turn to page 64

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FOR VICTORY TO LAST, WE MUST TAKE CARE OF OUR VETERANS

HEN IT COMES to Young children who lose one of their war, Americans have parents to war never see an end to some high expectations for degree of loss. what victory means. In We must remember the mission many ways, the things inscribed on a plaque on the Depart- we fight for in war are ment of Veterans Affairs building in never ultimately won Washington, D.C.: or lost — only fought "To care for him who shall have for. borne the battle and for his widow and In other words, as soon as we stop his orphan." fighting for the things we believe in, There can be no true victories until we lose. And so it was and is in the we live up to these words — to this Persian Gulf. promise. Saddam Hussein's invasion of Caring for veterans with high-quali- Kuwait— and his million-man army's ty, readily available health care is part resounding defeat in the - of war. By accepting this, Americans were neither the beginning nor the end have to give up the safe and comforting of Iraq's military mischief and territori- notion that wars begin and end on a al ambitions. certain day. And while our victory was decisive, There are other uncomfortable truths our commitment to contain Saddam as well. Like it or not, in war the bad if this victory is to must be unyielding Nat' I. Cmdr. William M. Detweiler guys don't always get what they stand the test of time. deserve: They very often stay in power In this issue, THE AMERICAN would prefer wars to have. and live to fight another day. That's Legion magazine examines the chal- "There is still this American view why victory is seldom complete and lenge of keeping Iraq out of trouble and that war is decisive, that war funda- battles are ongoing. analyzes how we did in the war. (See mentally changes history," says Tom Whether we are talking about a "What Did We Win In The Gulf?" by McNaugher, a senior political analyst strong military, or medical care for vet- Brian Crozier, Page 23.) at RAND. One lesson of Desert Storm, erans, we are talking about war. We are This article shows how we won a as explained by McNaugher, is that accepting our responsibility as a nation great victory in this war— but also that "we shouldn't expect so much from to see armed conflict the way it really more battles may lay ahead. In many war." is: not simple, not clean, not finite in ways, how we respond to these post- What Americans tend to expect any way. war problems will determine how com- from war is raging battles beginning The American Legion views many plete or incomplete our military tri- and ending on a certain day. It just of its roles as part of the lingering cost umph ultimately was. doesn't work that way. Tensions build of war. Taking an oath to God and These post-war challenges include: up over time before the first shot is Country, as Legionnaires do, is not for keeping a strong military presence in fired, and human suffering continues a day, or a month or a year. It is a life- the Persian Gulf to deter more Iraqi long after the sound of gunfire is gone. time commitment — one I personally aggression; taking steps to improve the To try to draw a line where war take very seriously, and one I hope you economic opportunities of the people in starts and finishes is an exercise only do, too. the Gulf nations so some of the motives attempted by those who have never As we assess and reassess the Gulf for future wars are defused; and most experienced it. War is messy and cost- War, let's not forget that many of the important, taking care of our veterans ly, and rarely results in a victory that ongoing battles will be fought in VA who served in the Gulf. can last without continued military vig- hospitals and rehabilitation centers in From Agent Orange-related diseases ilance and a commitment to care for our own country. to the mystery illnesses that appeared in those who fought. We must be as strong in these bat- the wake of the Gulf War, we are con- Many people don't recognize how tles as we were on the parched desert fronted with visible signs of wars that, few rewards victory offers to those who battlefields against Saddam Hussein

supposedly, have ended. If nothing served and were disabled or became ill. and his million-man army, if we want else, such grim truths tell us that some Disabled veterans pay the costs of war to make our victory a lasting and mean- aspects of battle defy the tidy finish we on a daily basis, as do their families. ingful one.

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rhcrc is ,1 ^O-clay inbncy-b.Kk gu.ir.inice if not complelcly satisfied with your statue. Big issues SHOULD CONGRESS END AFFIRMATIVE ACTION?

Rep. Ron Packard (R-California) Sen. Carol Moseley-Braun (D-lllinois)

One does not solve dis- Affirmative action is crimination with dis- about fundamental fair- crimination. Affirmative YES NO ness. It is about whether action represents nothing more than a each of us will be allowed to fully par- government-designed racial spoils sys- ticipate in society regardless of gender tem. Equal treatment, not preferential or race, or will instead be held back by treatment, should be the standard. Equal conditions that have nothing to do with opportunity, not equal results, must be merit, talents or abilities. the goal. If we consider all the facts, it is clear For the past 30 years, government quotas and guidelines that affirmative action is about equal economic opportuni- have promoted a society that treats some Americans differ- ty— not just for minorities, but for women as well. ently from others. Government dictates how varying ethnic When the first executive order on affirmative action was groups will divvy up jobs, promotions, contracts and college issued in 1964, there were about 74 million working Ameri- admissions. cans; by 1994 there were over 123 million working Ameri- Affirmative action promotes opportunity based on race cans and nearly 50 million new jobs. Although women and and creed, not merit. This premise conveys the false idea that minorities entered the work force in unprecedented numbers, minorities cannot compete without special favors. Simply these new jobs were not created by taking away jobs held by put, it implies inferiority. men. They were created by using the talents that a diverse Affirmative action pits group against group, stirring envy work force brings to our economy. and resentment while eroding the value of individual worth. Affirmative action has opened up opportunities for You do not raise yourself up by holding others down. Gov- women. Since 1972, for example, women have gone from 3 ernment-imposed favoritism demeans the genuine achieve- percent of architects to 18.6 percent, from 10 percent of ments of those it is supposed to help. physicians to 22 percent, from 4 percent of lawyers to 23

This system erodes the American ideal that anyone who percent, from less than 1 percent of engineers to 8.9 percent, works hard and plays by the rules has an equal chance to and from 22 percent to 50 percent of the advertising work achieve his or her goals — an ideal that has fueled our force. More important, a rapidly growing number of women nation's push towards prosperity, generation after generation. now own their own businesses. In the twisted game of affirmative action, quantity takes Meanwhile, African-Americans, men in particular, have precedence over quality, allowing discrimination to pose benefited the least of any group from affirmative action. under the guise of "fairness." We must not confuse equal Today, African-American men with college degrees earn 79 opportunity with equal results any longer. percent of the amount earned by their white counterparts. In The original goal of affirmative action was to expand 1972, unemployment among white males was 5.1 percent; opportunities for minorities, not to promote official discrimi- for black males, the figure was 10.4 percent. In 1994, the nation. It is not the job of government, business or the educa- unemployment rate for white males rose to 5.3 percent, tional system to guarantee equal outcomes or favor one while the figure for black males rose to 1 1 .5 percent. group over another. These numbers show that black men are not taking all of The November elections sent one resounding message the jobs that were held by white men. throughout the halls of Congress and throughout our nation's The quota debate is a fake. Affirmative action is a range state and local legislatures: Enough is enough. of activities to support opportunity and diversity in the Surveys in California and around the country seem to workplace and in our economy— the reverse of quotas. indicate a growing consensus that preference based on race is I am confident that any review of affirmative action will contrary to the ideal of show what the nation's equal opportunity. YOUR OPINIONS COUNT, TOO major employers already The era of quotas has know: Senators and congressmen are interested in constituent view- come to an end. We need to points. You may express your views by writing The l-lonorable Affirmative action is reinforce the notion that (name), U.S. Senate, Washington, DC 20510, or The IHonorable good for the community, hope, hard work and God- (name), U.S. l-iouse of Representatives, Washington, DC 20515. good for business, good Or, you may call the U.S. Senate at: (202) 224-3121; and the given ability pave the road for working people and House at (202) 225-3121. towards success. good for the country.

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Marginal Thinking Also occupying the thoughts of U.N. observers these days are corruption and It may have been the most contro- waste. In the former category is the dis- versial question ever asked of any appearance of $10 million from Marine: Would you fire on U.S. citi- UNICEF. In the latter. Congress is tak- zens resisting confiscation of firearms ing a hard look at U.N. salaries and banned by their government? pensions, higher by up to 43 percent Much like Russian soldiers in than those in civil service. Chechnya who were ordered to shoot Meanwhile, at the World Bank.... their own people and refused, the "An enormous financial sacrifice" was resounding answer from the Marines— how incoming president, investment three out of four — was no. In some banker James D. Wolfensohn, de- cases, "Hell no!" scribed his new post, which will net When word leaked out that this sen- him $190,000 a year plus $90,000 for sitive issue, as well as others, had been entertaining. Sympathetic bank officials raised with 300 Marines at the Twenty- just may end up paying the cost of nine Palms Marine Corps Base, Calif., Wolfensohn 's excursions on his private members of Congress demanded to jet as well. This could be no small mat- know what was going on. ter, since Wolfensohn, once dubbed The questions were part of an in- "The Flying Banker," is planning to quiry exploring the impact of U.S. spend his first six months traveling the involvement in U.N. peacekeeping mis- world to assess agency operations. sions on the cohesion of U.S. forces. Wolfensohn, by the way, has Conducted under the auspices of the pledged to cut the fat from the World Lt. "ATCH Naval Postgraduate School by Navy Bank's budget. Cmdr. Ernest G. Cunningham, the eye- opening survey also found that: 73 per- By CliffKincaid cent opposed U.N. control of U.S. One-Stop Shopping troops; 69 percent would not swear Already a tense subject on Capitol allegiance to the United Nations; and Foster trips both during and after the Hill, aid to Russia is growing even 67 percent did not believe the President Clinton presidential campaign, as well more controversial now that evidence has the authority to pass his responsibil- as the cancellation of another trip just has surfaced linking Moscow to the ity as Commander-in-Chief to the U.N. before Foster's death in July 1993. Japanese religious sect suspected in the Secretary-General These reports caused investigators to nerve gas attack on the Tokyo subway. Cunningham says those who re-examine curious remarks Foster's The group was found with tons of sarin, answered negatively on the firearms sister. Sheila Anthony, made to a psy- the same nerve agent detected during question were adamant, using "heavier chiatrist whose help she sought on her the Persian Gulf War. pen or pencil marks on their response or brother's behalf. According to an FBI Despite denials by Moscow officials, written comments in the margin." report, Anthony told the psychiatrist the Russian newspaper Izyestia reports Besides "Hell no," these remarks that her brother "was dealing on a daily that the Foreign Intelligence Service included, "If you take our [Constitu- basis with Top Secret matters and that was aware that chemical weapons were tional] amendments away, then you can his depression was directly related to "leaking" from Russian territory to the take this job and stick it where the sun highly sensitive and confidential mat- sect. Another report said the sect leader don't shine." ters." met with "high-ranking Russian fig- Foster's death was ruled a suicide by ures" in Moscow. probe revealed the first special prosecutor in the White- A New York Times More Wiiitewater heli- water affair, Robert Fiske, but his suc- that the sect had bought a Russian Did former White House aide Vin- cessor, Kenneth Starr, reopened the copter and is in the market for Russian cent Foster maintain Swiss bank investigation. tanks, subs and fighter aircraft. accounts? If so, for what purpose? The continuing controversy over Foster's death took a strange new twist New World Odor? Rest in Peace when news of secret trips to Switzer- Shed no tears for outgoing U.N. Sec- The federally funded U.S. Institute land by the long-time Clinton ally was retary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. of Peace, once hailed as an alternative broken by a British journalist, Ambrose Though he loses his $301,075 annual to the military academy, is destined to Evans-Pritchard, in the London Sunday salary, he'll retire at over $96,000 a be cut by House Budget Committee Telegraph. Even Foster's wife appar- year. This, after just five years on the chairman Rep. John Kasich. The Wash- ently was unaware of the trips. job, or less, if Boutros-Ghali is forced ington-based academy was to have Quoting from White House out before his term expires in 1996. offered a curriculum counterbalancing records, Evans-Pritchard confirmed two Openly criticized by the Clinton the offerings at West Point, Annapolis administration for the Bosnia fiasco, and Colorado Springs, but never quite Washington-based Cliff Kincaid Boutros-Ghali is destined to be replaced got off the ground after its 1984 debut. writes for Human Events and other by Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Budgeted at $1 1 million annually, it has publications. Peres, who enjoys U.S. backing. functioned as a think tank.

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The Legion's News Express Since 199t the semimonthly newspaper lias been reporting Legion news with "dispatch."

EDIA GURU Marshall Mc- Luhan coined the phrase "the medium is the message" in discussing news organiza- tions. McLu- han's point was that our percep- tion of news typically is shaped by the way it is presented to us. If that is so, then readers of The off the presses, complete with color "We'll do whatever is necessary to American Legion Dispatch no doubt photographs and twice the editorial ensure that readers have the most cur- come away viewing their organization space. rent information available," says editor as a dynamic, aggressive force on the "Establishment of the Dispatch Joe Stuteville. "If the situation warrants

American scene. The Dispatch is the shortened the direct communications it, we can literally stop the presses." best source for late -breaking news on chain between National Headquarters In recent months, in fact, the the national front, as well as the most and Departments and Posts," says Legion's slate of important, volatile in-depth chronicler of official Legion National Commander William M. causes has necessitated exactly that business. Detweiler. "It's a useful tool for sub- action on a number of occasions. When Published by National Headquarters, scribers to promote American Legion the Smithsonian Institution announced the Dispatch is mailed free of charge programs and to communicate what the Jan. 31 that it had revised its controver- twice each month to more than 16,000 Legion is and who it serves." sial Enola Gay exhibit, the Dispatch Legion leaders at the National, Depart- Each issue of the Dispatch packs a pulled its planned cover story and sub- ment, District and Post levels. About solid mix of Legion-related news, stituted up-to-the-minute coverage of 5,000 others are paid subscribers who reports of veterans' legislation on Capi- the Legion's triumph. Equally fast receive 22 issues a year for $15. The tol Hill, and feature articles on how action was required when the National Dispatch also publishes at least two Posts and individual Legionnaires Convention this year was shifted with supplements each year, including a spe- around the country communicate the little notice from Portland to Indianapo- cial National Convention preview. Legion's many messages. For example, lis. The Dispatch debuted in the sum- in an effort to tell readers what Posts In the past year, the Dispatch has mer of 1991 as a newsletter, reducing are doing to promote Legion programs also provided hard-hitting coverage of postal costs by consolidating news and and to help their communities, the Dis- the flap over gays in the military, bud- information published by the various patch recently launched a new feature get cuts affecting veterans and the file- Legion programs and service divisions called "Still Serving America." Also in tampering incidents at the VA's Board in Indianapolis and Washington, D.C. every issue, the National Commander of Veterans Appeals (a story broken by

With such a sweeping mandate, it and National Adjutant address pressing THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE). wasn't long before the publication's issues facing The American Legion and More recently, the Dispatch pub- editorial advisory board saw the need the nation. lished a steady flow of articles relating to expand both the Dispatch 's coverage Still, the biggest selling point of the to The American Legion's quest for a and format. In May 1992, a new-and- Dispatch may be its ability to report flag-protection amendment. At press improved, tabloid-sized Dispatch rolled Legion news with — well — dispatch. Please turn to page 64

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If you are not delighted in every way that AirLite Sandals are every- Address_ _ApL_ thing we say they are, simply return them for a refund (less p&h). City_ May not be available in stores in your area. Order today! State. -Zip. © 1995 Upenwald, Inc that he provided the philo- sophical and political under- pinnings on which the origi- nal exhibit was mounted. We have earned the wrath HISTORY of the revisionist UPHELD historians. We have been accused of racism, bullying and political arm-twisting. We've been called the new McCarthyites. But the pips and squeaks of a few revisionist historians whose feelings are hurt— and whose books might not sell as well now as they had orig- inally hoped — are, in my opinion, the best evidence that we are right. I hope all of you have had, or will take, the time to read the special interview pub- lished in [the May issue of] THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE. The history of our involvement is contained

'It is our position that

(NASM). In truth, we Enola Gay be The Notional Air have been more than displayed in its ond Spoce involved: We have been entirety, fully Museum wiii the conscience of the restored and nation, leading the way, reassembled, dispioy file historic shining the light of cor- without rectness—not political bomber without controversy correctness but the pure poiitiooi bios, but and simple correctness of and without the future of the truth— into musty nooks bias.' oirpione remains and crannies at NASM. Nooks and crannies in Umbo. where revisionists and HERMAN G. HARRINGTON apologists hide.

We have been amazed. We have in that article, and it is a history all of us occasionally been startled, and we have can be proud of. INCE EARLY in the too often been dismayed and angered at In that history, and in the history that

Spring of 1994, your what we found there. Because of your will be written of this episode, it will be American Legion has been support and encouragement, and that of seen that the bright light of honesty —of deeply involved in efforts literally thousands of Legionnaires and reality — exposed the mosaic that to force historical accuracy ordinary citizens, we have prevailed. NASM and their supporters hoped to and intellectual honesty on The victory has not been without create by their prostitution of history. those behind the now-infa- casualties — the latest of which, I am Instead of a joyful mosaic celebrat- mous Enola Gay exhibit at happy to report, is NASM Director ing the end of the bloodiest calamity the Smithsonian Institu- Martin Harwit, who, when he finally ever to befall this world, theirs was a tion's National Air and Space Museum looked us in the eyes, saw our resolve mosaic of World War II that only they and realized his position was doomed. recognized. It was familiar to them This is an extract of a speech deliv- He has resigned, and we shed no tears because in their heart of hearts, that is ered by Internal Affairs Commission for his departure. Although we never how they see America. They learned Chairman Herman G. Harrington called for his departure, and never pub- that their vision and our vision — the before the National Executive Com- licly called into question his motives, vision of The American Legion and, mittee in May. those of us who dealt with him know indeed, the American people — are

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Because of the pressure, to accept responsibility for its the Secretary of the Smith- actions, that denies its aggres- sonian canceled the exhibit sion and brutality, and portrays and replaced it with a dis- itself as the innocent victim of play of only a portion of the a fate it brought on itself by its fuselage—56 feet—and a refusal to lay down its arms few photos. That decision and leave the world in peace. was the end of the begin- America needs no help ning. from Japan who persists in its Such an incomplete display of one niversary of the end of the brutal war own delusions of victimhood and has of the most famous aircraft in American with the imperialist Japanese Empire. the audacity to declare its WWH defeat history is unsatisfactory. It is our posi- We have a right to remember and to a holocaust. A nation that so denies its tion that Enola Gay be displayed in its celebrate, and no one has the right to responsibility, and so distorts its histo- entirety, fully restored and reassembled, deny us that. ry, behaves as a nation without honor. without controversy and without bias. In World War 11, this nation found Do we need their advice and con- No longer should, or will, Enola Gay itself under attack from the uniformed demnation? be held hostage for Smithsonian's bud- armies of two of the crudest, most Thanks. . .but no thanks. getary purposes; no longer are we of inhumane governments the world has We thank God for the Enola Gay WWII vintage willing to wait—^not 10 ever seen. The United States faced and its crew—and for Harry Truman. years, not 10 months—for the display down these tyrants, successfully prose- Newt Gingrich summed it up: of that aircraft, as they propose, in some cuting the war to the amazement of the "Political correctness may be okay in remote place. It is our position that the world—and in the process sacrificed some faculty lounge, but the Smithson- aircraft be displayed now. 406,000 of its young men and women. ian is a treasure that belongs to the In the museum. On the mall. In These young lives were not lost in a American people and it should not downtown Washington, D.C. campaign for glory, for territory, for become a plaything for left-wing ide- If not now, and if not there, then in supremacy; they were given in the ologies." another museum that will display it defense of liberty and individual free- The American people and most properly, correctly and with the respect dom, not only for their countrymen, but especially the American veterans know and reverence due a machine used by for all the world. More would have what World War 11 was fought for. We our comrades to preserve the lives of been lost, had we not turned the tech- know the horrendous cost of that world literally thousands of our fellow sol- nology and weapons of the enemy on conflict, and we have strong opinions diers, airmen, sailors and Marines. himself. on how the end should be commemo-

This is an important time for Ameri- It was not the United States who first rated. This year may pass without a ca and especially for its WWII veterans. proposed to harness the power of the fully restored Enola Gay to visit, but if

A time of remembrance. A time of atom for war. It was Germany. It was it does, it will not be for lack of Ameri- commemoration. A time of celebration. not the United States who proposed can Legion effort. May 8 marks the 50th anniversary of lethal disease, gas and laser weapons to The people of this nation need no the end of the bloody war with Fascist achieve its ends. It was the Japanese. help from any other nation in remem-

Germany. Sept. 2 marks the 50th an- It is as simple as that. bering the truth.

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the expansion of democracy? Or is the By Elliott Abrams United States instead safer by avoiding foreign crises? This is a debate over ROM George Washington values and interests, means and ends, to Bill Clinton, the Ameri- risk and sacrifice.

can foreign-policy debate It was clear to early American lead- has reflected two powerful ers that the United States — weak and and contradictory impuls- surrounded by the powerful British, es—the commitment to French and Spanish empires — was less

democracy, and the equally likely to survive if it remained the only powerful desire to avoid democratic republic in a world of entanglement in foreign tyrannies and monarchies. Where the wars. people ruled, Americans believed, there The current foreign-policy debate would be peace. Our own peace and about commitments and intervention security were therefore directly tied to poses some ominous questions: When the expansion of democracy overseas. Our "foreign" activity was thus cen- should the United States risk the lives Yet at the same time, foreign entan- tered in the Western Hemisphere. of American soldiers to solve other glements were seen as a source of end- A century and a half later that policy people's problems? Does U.S. security less peril. To virtually all Americans, was shattered by World War I. Changes require intervening overseas to promote Europe was a source of danger, com- in military technology had made Ameri- posed of what Jefferson called "nations ca vulnerable, as German submarine Elliott Abrams, former member of of eternal war." Though we would warfare proved. Suddenly, the same the Reagan cabinet, is a senior fellow trade with her, we would keep our dis- analysis that had long sustained Ameri- with the Hudson Institute. This article tance from her eternal wars. Instead, can neutrality — a hard-headed assess- is based on his new book, Security and America turned to explore its own fron- ment of the power wielded by America Sacrifice. tier and to fulfill its manifest destiny. and its allies— now demanded Ameri-

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION J Ifs hard to conduct o successful foreign policy when you hove two contradictory goals—and you can't decide which one is more important.

tion, it has faced complex and often GIVING HELP—Humanitarian relief novel post-Cold War problems. The efforts, as in Haiti and Somalia, proliferation of chemical, biological justify a brief, limited military and atomic weaponry and missile deliv- intervention. ery systems, and the startling growth of the conventional military strength of BUT NOT NATION BUILDING— several developing nations, pose new Slipping into the bottomless task of military threats. Meanwhile, the end of restoring peace to places like the Cold gave rise or permit- Bosnia is a costly error. War to— ted the long-suppressed eruption of— an enormous variety of religious, ethnic can intervention. This argument was ditional American view, a nation's pol- and national disputes. These have cast in traditional security terms, limit- itics dictates its foreign policy. already broken Europe's peace and ing America's foreign role to that dictat- And so our most fundamental for- threaten more bloodshed in virtually ed by military necessity. eign policy became, as John F. Ken- every part of the world.

President 's War nedy put it in his inaugural address, the Yet even in its third year, the Clin- Message to Congress in 1917, howev- "survival and success of liberty,"' for ton administration seems curiously er, broadened the goals of intervention, which we would "pay any price, bear incapable of treading a coherent for- proposing not merely peace in Europe any burden, meet any hardship." eign-policy line. In part, this is because but democracy as well. The political multilateralism — acixon in concert with systems of other nations became a mat- The Clinton Foreign Policy other nations — was the key to Clinton's ter of deep concern because, in the tra- To be fair to the Clinton administra- initial foreign policy. This was the

AUGUST 1995 21

i undertaken by President Bush must be distinguished from the conflict in the Balkans under Clinton. In the Gulf, a clear and easily understood act of unprovoked aggression across national boundaries occurred — an act which threatened to bring a very large per- centage of world oil supplies under the control of an extremely dangerous and hostile regime. Although Bush administration rhetoric stressed the defense of the "world order" against aggression, no one could believe a similar military action would have occurred if oil sup- plies were not a factor. Moreover, restoring Kuwaiti self-rule was possi- ble. For such reasons, the Gulf case was self-limiting. It did not imply simi- lar American involvement in every bor- der dispute around the globe. The dispute involving Bosnia, Ser- bia and Croatia is quite different. This President's response to the historical preferred to claim that humanitarian or struggle is internal. Ancient and infi- problem of meeting American commit- internationalist goals were the true nitely complex ethnic and religious ments while abiding by the popular motivation for U.S. action. Indeed, divisions are at the heart of the conflict; desire to avoid "foreign entangle- when the administration sent American and the direct American interest is dif- ments." By the terms of this "Clinton soldiers into Somalia and Rwanda, it ficult to see. Doctrine," the new American proxy did so devoid of any true national inter- Intervention in such a case, there- would be the United Nations. It was est, but in a multilateral effort on behalf fore, implies precisely the nightmare symptomatic that the administration of humanitarian goals. that has preoccupied Americans for two sought U.N. approval of American mil- centuries. Are we now to accept— even itary intervention in Haiti in the sum- IS one thing to seek multilateral seek — military involvement in the mer of 1994. This was the first time ITsupport for American goals— but it is "nations of eternal war" that lay any American President had felt that he quite another to subordinate Ameri- beyond the seas? The combination of needed prior international approval for can goals to the objectives of others. aggressive leadership and deep societal action to protect American interests in Jeane Kirkpatrick, former U.S. ambas- divisions that spawned war in Bosnia this hemisphere. sador to the United Nations has made will probably reappear repeatedly. When multilateral efforts such as the point forcefully: Should we send troops each time? those in Somalia and Bosnia turned out "For the Clinton team, implement- The Clinton administration has pro- badly, a gaping hole was left in the ing the decisions of the U.N. Security vided little direction to citizens seeking administration's approach. For if the Council and the secretary general in guidance about America's world role President could not achieve his goals at Somalia, Bosnia, Cambodia or wherev- after the Cold War. The administration low cost through multilateral efforts, er is our foreign policy. Doing what the is in its third year in office without a the gap between policy ends and means United Nations calls on us to do is our cogent approach to national security became enormous, especially at a time foreign policy." policy— one that tells us when we can of feverish military downsizing. As America's historical goal— in Ger- safely avoid a foreign crisis, and when

George Szamuely puts it, "the Clinton many in 1917, Germany and Japan in we must intervene. administration. ..seemed to be commit- 1941, and then in , and ted to an interventionist foreign policy the Persian Gulf— has been not only to Idealism and Restraint and an isolationist defense policy dri- defend narrow national interests but How will America today find the ven by deficit-reduction targets." In also to advance the cause of freedom in balance between its hopes for democra- other words, Clinton was trying to con- the world. Yet this belief cannot trans- cy and peace, and its fear of foreign duct an active foreign policy while form every military operation into commitments? methodically stripping himself of the benevolent intervention aimed at right- Since 1917, Americans have under- tools with which to intervene. ing all wrongs or promoting peace and taken enormous sacrifices in foreign A related problem with the Clinton unity throughout the world, especially wars, but typically after much procras- approach was its reluctance to assert when the authority to initiate such oper- tination and with great reluctance.

American interests as a principle in its ations is handed over to others. War Throughout the Cold War, American own right. Administration officials can be defended only when clear officials wrestled to keep the goals of seemed to doubt the legitimacy of frank national interests are at stake. maximizing security while minimizing assertions of national self-interest; they It is here that the Persian Gulf War Please turn to page 54

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION seem to take a perverse delight in reminding us that Gulf War Syndrome may be a lingering aftereffect of the chemical weapons we didn't even real- ize were being used against us— as if to klTiKGdlT say, Saddam is having the last laugh after all. Amid all this, cynics might wonder: What, if anything, did we win in the Brian Crozier said the same was true of the mesmer- Gulf? By izing surgical strikes Schwarzkopf The answers— based on input from highlighted during his regular press a panel of leading experts — may sur- T STARTED even before the briefings. prise you. Especially if you've been troops were back on Ameri- It wasn't long before journalists putting a lot of stock in the pessimistic can soil: Self-described "mili- picked up on the theme and embell- reports from network commentators.

tary analysts" began bellow- ished it. Now, four years later, they are The main gripe from critics is that in ing that we didn't really do as fond of pointing out that Saddam Hus- failing to remove Saddam and finish

well in the Gulf as the glow- sein is still running things in Baghdad, off his army, we left loose ends that ing reports from U.S. generals and his army is rebuilding to a size may come back to haunt us. And on the

Norman Schwarzkopf and approaching what it was before the led us to Gulf War. They say Iraq's nuclear pro- Based in London, freelance writer believe. We were told that our Patriot gram—the one we were determined to Brian Crazier specializes in interna- missiles didn't work, that the exhilarat- derail — remains quietly on track, tional affairs. Additional reporting ing intercepts we all thought we saw despite all those air strikes and the best was done by Miles Z. Epstein, manag- nightly on CNN were a figment of our efforts of frustrated teams of interna- ing editor o/THE AMERICAN LEGION collective imagination. The analysts tional observers. Some journalists even MAGAZINE.

AUGUST 1995 23

I FOREIGN POLICY

TRIGGER HAPPY— Saddam Hussein flaunts nuclear detonators he surface, there may be some acquired despite Iraq retains a hidden stock- merit to this argument. U.S. efforts to pile of biological weapons. Lawrence Korb, a for- prevent It. "Nothing we did in terms of mer assistant secretary of bombing could have defense and senior fellow at the Brook- attacked the biological facilities suc- ings Institute, concedes that "the U.S. cessfully," says Anthony Cordesman, a victory in the Gulf was not as decisive Georgetown professor of national secu- as we would have liked." Korb blames rity who became familiar to viewers as a minor breakdown in intelligence: "It an ABC analyst during Desert Storm. turns out we did not destroy as much of Such seeming indictments of the the Republican Guard as we thought Gulf War overlook a number of impor- we had. [Saddam] never committed his tant factors, first and foremost that the front line troops to the frontline. What sort of total, unambiguous victory con- you had on the Kuwaiti-Saudi border templated by some critics was never an were basically old men and young explicit goal of Desert Storm. "I think boys." that was one of the few serious mis- The upshot, some believe, is that takes [George Bush] made in the over- Iraq can too easily rearm itself. all crisis," says Tom McNaugher, a Although most military insiders agree senior political scientist at RAND who that the allied bombings set back served as an Army Reserve lieutenant Iraq's nuclear program by perhaps a during the Gulf War. "He kept decade, there is still Saddam's obses- referring to Saddam as Hitler, which sion with completing the program. implied the need to topple the guy. More alarming, other nations — [But] there was never any intention in notably the Russians — are willing to the official documents to overthrow covertly supply him with materials Saddam, something allied forces easily that can be used for atomic weapons. could have done." And U.N. -imposed restrictions on Says Korb, "What we wanted to do Iraqi armaments do not even cover was to destroy enough of Saddam's

conventional-weapons plants. Thus, offensive capability so that it would be on-site inspection of Iraq's nuclear very difficult for him to threaten his facilities does nothing to prevent tanks neighbors, certainly for the rest of this and other weapons from being pro- decade." duced in mass numbers. Nor does the That goal was surely accomplished, United Nations ban ballistic weapons and in stunning fashion. The air war with a range of less than 150 kilome- was a Cakewalk; the ground war was ters—a sufficient range to hit Kuwait one of the shortest in history, lasting and Saudi Arabia. only three days. Indeed, the remarkable Then there are credible reports that dispatch with which the allies over-

24 weekly newsletter, For- eign Report, the Iraqi army is down to 28 divisions, from 60-plus at the end of the war with Iran. At that time (1988), land troops totaled 1.5 million; today, the total is only 315,000. In 1988, Iraq's air force had 700 combat aircraft;

today's figure is 300. "The Navy was virtually wiped out," says Georgetown's Cordesman. He adds that the U.N.- voted embargo against Iraq has further weakened Sad- dam's military. "The Iraqi

army is dependent on bil- lions of dollars of imports every year to make up for whelmed Iraqi defenses may very serious weaknesses in mainte- have accounted for the Scud nance, sustainability and logistics. It attacks against Saudi Arabia now has not had those imports for near- and Israel on the part of ly five years." Saddam Hussein, who was Retired Army Maj. Gen. Edward B. no doubt frustrated at his Atkeson, senior associate at the Center troops' inability to mount a for Strategic and International Studies, credible counteroffensive. estimates that the Iraqi army is "about

"He had 60,000 of his sol- half the strength" that it was pre-Desert diers surrender in two days," Storm and that it is "deteriorating by a says retired Army Lt. Gen. rate of 3 percent per year so long as we Tom Kelly, director of oper- maintain the embargo." ations in the Gulf theater As Kelly asserts, "I can assure you during the war. that Saddam Hussein was thoroughly According to figures trounced and will not be able to project quoted in a recent issue of power again in his lifetime." The Economist magazine's Proof of this may be found in Sad- Please turn to page 56 ARMOR ALL— Iraq will require constant U.S.

vigilance as it continues to produce tanks and other conventional weapons.

25

i FOREIGN POLICY

Recent U.S. military campoigns iiove gone so weli tliat we may now tiave an unrealistic view

of what it means to tight a war

By Gonzalo I. Vergara

N ANALYSIS of recent U.S. military operations reveals one clear unifying thread: They have incurred fewer casualties, and con- cluded more quickly and decisively, than previous conflicts. The reasons range from the increasing professionalism of the modern mili- tary, to the size and ineptness of the opposition, to, of course, the efficacy of new technologies which make war more a matter of pushing buttons than fixing bayonets. Certainly the ability to minimize losses and bring conflict to a speedy resolution is a worthwhile pursuit. Unfortunately, the doctrine of "QDVMC"- Quick Decisive Victo- military operation must be quickly military operations since World War II ries with Minimum Casualties — has accomplished and relatively bloodless. (see table, opposite page) reveals a implications and after-effects that can declining number of troops killed in be problematic for U.S. military poli- elVEN these desires and expecta- action, particularly post-Vietnam. cy. As a result of the relatively rosy tions on the part of large numbers Even more significant than the outcome of America's recent overseas of the American public, two unset- absolute decline in fatalities are the conflicts, many citizens now consider tling issues arise: statistical averages obtainable by QDVMC to be the norm. (1) Because casualties are inherent dividing the total number of deaths by In short, war now is seen as an in military operations — not all of the duration of each conflict. In Korea, almost sanitary pursuit. The American which can be accomplished quickly — for example, we lost approximately public has been conditioned to believe the military may be setting itself up 1,500 GIs per month. By the time of that in order to be judged a success, a for future failure. Vietnam, that figure had dropped to (2) An enemy commander may less than 600 per month.

Air Force Maj. Gonzalo I. Vergara achieve victory over us (political, if Notwithstanding all the hype about is assigned to the U.S. Army Com- not tactical) just by keeping our forces Saddam Hussein's Republican Guard mand and General Staff College, Ft. at bay. To a certain extent, this was and Scud missiles, the Gulf War Leavenworth, Kan. He writes often on the dilemma we faced in Somalia. claimed less than 300 American lives, defense issues. A review of American casualties in total. These declining mortality figures

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION I r

CASIJAUIKS OF WAR

World War II 1941-1S4S 485,388

Korean War 1950-1953 54,240

cannot be attributed to a correspond- Viotoaoi War 1985-1973 50,135 ing decline in American commitment to its foreign causes; for example, we lebaoon loterveotioo 1903-1984 200 sent 520,000 troops to the Persian Gulf in just a few months. It is entirely Greoada Invasioo 1883 42 likely that today's generation will gauge military casualties resulting Paoaoia lovasloo from all future conflicts in relation to 1888 20 those few suffered in the Gulf War.

(This is in marked contrast to previous Golf War 1888-1891 203 generations of Americans, who had as their benchmark World War II and Sooialia 1882-1884 43 Korea, where the cumulative death toll approached a half-million.) Haiti 1984-preseiit lictupatloD lullesi 1 There are also compelling social

reasons which make it harder for Figures are for those killed in action only. today's government to sustain a war in Please turn to page 58

AUGUST 1995 27 1 I WTERVIEja HARRYS. TRUMAN

In an interview 33 years ago, Truman sliares candid fiiougiifs about i-iiroshima, tine arms race and Soviet trustworthiness as tine worid iiurties toward tine Coid War's most serious crisis.

1962.... Nikita Khrushchev's threat to UNE CLARKE: That was the big lie. Even us still reverberates the national "bury" through before the first nuclear bombs were forcefully as the psyche as pounding of his shoe dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Presi- at the earlier. United Nations two years And dent Truman and other U.S. officials were though no one knows it yet, America and the striving earnestly to create the United world are just months away from the Cuban Mis- Nations so that all wars, nuclear and non- sile Crisis, which will bring mankind closer to the nuclear, might be abolished. And it was brink of nuclear holocaust than any event before under former President Truman that the or since. At the Kremlin and the Pentagon, mili- United States took the initiative through the tary strategists plot first-strike in busily scenarios; Siberia United Nations to bring about a workable and middle-America, secret factories crank out nuclear war- system of disarmament, nuclear and non- at are heads production-line pace. The warheads then nuclear. For the past 17 years these efforts shipped to underground silos where they are placed atop have been thwarted by Soviet nyets and ICBMs, silently awaiting the command everyone hopes will vetoes, more than 100 of them. Now Radio never be given. Moscow tries to whip up its lagging cam- In the summer of 1962, politicians, editorialists and paign of world protest against the U.S. observers of the social scene worldwide pointing fin- were nuclear tests in the Pacific with a commu- gers at each other over an arms race no one wanted. As part nist-style "soap opera" complete with their effort, the of propaganda Soviets had begun accusing sound effects. former President Harry "Give 'Em Hell" Truman of using Hiroshima and Nagasaki as living demonstration sites in order to intimidate Russian leaders. Radio Moscow: On the morning of Around this time, journalist Philip C. Clarke, who would Aug. 6, 1945, the air alarm sounded in the later become a regular contributor to THE AMERICAN Japanese city of Hiroshima. A lone Ameri- Legion magazine, was fortunate enough to land a brief, can reconnaissance plane flew over and but telling, radio interview with Truman. In the interview, vanished. There was no air raid so the peo- the ex-President reflects not only on his reasons for ordering ple came out of their bomb shelters. No one the strikes on Japan but offers new insights on the dawn of noticed another plane flying over at a great the atomic age. He also shows himself to be remarkably pre- height. No one saw a parachute take off and scient about the "second Russian revolution" that would not come lazily floating down. But suddenly a come for another three decades. frightful death, hitherto unknown to The interview, prefaced by excerpts from Radio mankind, burst on that peaceful town.

Moscow's caustic war of words, is presented here as it hap- There was no excuse for this atomic murder pened that day. of civilians, not even the excuse of military expediency, as Japan had practically lost PHILIP CLARKE: Listen now as Radio Moscow attempts the war by August 1945. The object of their crime was to to pin the blame for today's nuclear arms race on former intimidate the Soviet Union, compel the nations struggling President Harry Truman. for liberation to drop their fight and force the whole world under America's heels. That always has been, and still is, the RADIO MOSCOW: This bombing was actually the first purpose of all American nuclear tests. round of preparations for nuclear war. In a private conversa- tion, Harry Truman admitted that by destroying Hiroshima CLARKE: And now, to answer these allegations about the and Nagasaki, the United States expected to win the first atom bombing of Hiroshima and the American policy of round in a clash with Soviet Russia. Truman is reported to nuclear arms and peace— Mr. Harry Truman, former Presi-

have been the first to say that it was time to start a nuclear dent of the United States. war. In any case, he initiated the nuclear arms race. Mr. Truman, as we have just heard. Radio Moscow in its

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION " "" .

NAGASAKI—Japan ignored U.S. demands for a surrender, despite being warned that America now had a devastating new explosive. HIGHLIGHTS

f-famf £ Tumm Ovh. .

The Japanese: "The bombs were dropped after Japan had been warned. ...We asked them to surrender They

did not do it.

Soviet leaders: "They are not to be trusted. They broke 32 agreements that they made with me at Potsdam.

The Russian people: "They are good people. Ifs the 300,000 rulers of the Communist Party that cause all the trouble.

latest campaign against U.S. nuclear testing has gone all the hundred and fifty thousand of them, it was estimated, would way back to 1945 and charged that your order to bomb have been killed and a half-million of them would have been Hiroshima and Nagasaki started the nuclear arms race. What maimed for life; and many Japanese would have been hurt. do you say about this? After the Japanese refused in language that was not diplo-

matic—the offer that I made [for] them to surrender was PRESIDENT TRUMAN: The whole thing is just nothing unconditional — we dropped the bombs and they surrendered but a big lie. The bombs were dropped after Japan had been in a very short time after that. warned that we had discovered the greatest explosive in the After that was all over we had the complete comer on the history of the world. We asked them to surrender. They did know-how of atomic energy. I offered the Russians to have not do it. the control of all arms under the United Nations with inspec- We expected to land in Japan with a million men. Two Please turn to page 59

AUGUST 1995 29 30 THE AMERICAN LEGION r

DOLF HITLER often boast- to avoid the risk of bombing, surveil- school with no last names. No one ed that he would win World lance or an invasion by the Germans. could register a car, open a bank War II with secret weapons. Oak Ridge and Hanford were chosen account or file a tax return. History and irony conspired to build bomb components because In Knoxville, locals joked that the to prove him wrong: The both had ample electricity and were government was making windshield one decisive secret of the rather remote. The Hanford complex wipers for submarines. Not to be out- I war — the atomic bomb — was built under a $1 contract to the Du done, Santa Fe residents said Roo- J sevelt building I was made in America. Pont chemical firm, which hoped to was Los Alamos as an "The Bomb" was so secret that avoid post-war allegations of profi- internment camp for Republicans.

Harry S. Truman didn't know about it teering. The parts built at the two loca- Spearheading the U.S. effort were until he became President in April tions would be shipped to a remote the oddest couple since the creation of 1945.... So secret that the remote out- spot northwest of Santa Fe, N.M., the the cartoon characters "Mutt and Jeff." post in New Mexico where the bomb Los Alamos Ranch School, for final On the production side was Brig. Gen.

The free world's scientific eiite gatiiered in secrecy to create the fearsome weapon that

wouid end Worid War ii. By SiD moody

was developed was rumored to be a assembly and testing. Leslie R. Groves, an Army engineer hideaway for unmarried WACs who The impact of the program was who had built the new Pentagon, the got pregnant.... So secret that even the immediate and stunning. For example, world's largest office building, in just workers who built the immense pro- the population of Oak Ridge shot up 18 months. His scientific sidekick was duction facilities at Oak Ridge, Tenn., by almost 80,000 overnight; an army to be Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, who and Hanford, Wash., had no idea what of workers descended on the area just had built a reputation as one of the they were building. north of Knoxville, where they cleared premier experts on theoretical fission

Prompted by reports that the a vast forest and replaced it with a at some of the nation's premier col- British, Germans, Russians and Japan- complex of 268 buildings. Two of leges. Oppenheimer was as cadaver- ese were already at work exploiting them, each the size of 20 football ous as Groves was paunchy, as diplo- the military potential of uranium. fields, were to be used to "separate" matic as Groves was blunt, as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt bomb-grade U-235 from standard U- broad-minded as Groves was pragmat-

in June 1942 gave his approval to 238 (See "Birth of a Bomb," Page 33). ic. Nonetheless, the two men hit it off forge ahead with atomic research. In the meantime, many of the free splendidly, overcoming Groves' suspi- Thus began the Manhattan Project — world's scientific elite suddenly disap- cions about Oppenheimer's far-left so-called because the program brain peared and began turning up at Los friendships. trust was the -based Alamos, where their children went to Under heavily armed convoys. Manhattan Engineer District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. By September the project was being accorded the highest priority. Two months later. University of Chicago physicist Enrico Fermi com- pleted work on the world's first nuclear reactor. Because many of Fermi's peers at the university feared that the reaction might well blow up Chicago, the physicist had built his device under the squash courts, where the faculty was less likely to

find out about it. On Dec. 2, 1942, Fermi unveiled a primitive nuclear reaction using uranium as fuel. The result left no doubt about the awe- some potential of atomic fission. The weapon was to be developed in the United States instead of Britain

Sid Moody, a freelance writer from New York City, wrote "Okinawa— The Last Stand" and "V-E Day" in the May issue of this magazine.

AUGUST 1995 31 THE MANHATTAN PROJECT trace amounts of uranium and plutoni- um began to arrive— the uranium from Tennessee, tiie plutonium from Han- ford. Just as laboriously, the Groves- Oppenheimer teams of physicists, explosives experts, metallurgists, elec- tronics specialists, chemists and mas- ter machinists hunted and pecked their way into uncharted territory. By August 1944, Groves was predicting that bombs would be ready by the fol- lowing summer. Haste was essential, for Germany was feared to have at least a year's head start in bomb technology. Fortu- nately, the German effort fell short for several reasons. Hitler felt the effort would be too costly in time, money and materials, even if it could be accomplished. The Fiihrer had also there is evidence that Germany's lead- On July 16, 1945, a primitive outwitted himself by purging Ger- ing physicist, Werner Heisenberg, nuclear device was ready for a test many of many of the Jewish scientists intentionally dragged his feet over the deep in a New Mexican desert called who were leaders in the field. Finally, idea of a nuclear bomb. Jornado del Muerto — Dead Man's Trail, or the Journey of Death. The - _ -. J—,- ... mood was marked by a curious blend STAMP OF APPROVAL of anxiety and skepticism: Some of the scientists feared the weapon might Bombs End WWn." ignite the atmosphere. Others thought

As of mid-June, Newhouse esti- it would be a flat-out dud. mated some 220,000 stamps were on Both camps were wrong. envelopes traveling through the At 5:29:45 a.m. local time, the mail. His goal is to have 1 million world's first atomic device detonated stamps circulating by V-J Day, Sept. on cue, ushering the world into the 2. Indeed, the public response has nuclear age and bringing the phrase been such that Newhouse took a mushroom cloud into the national leave of absence from his job as a vocabulary. Later, Oppenheimer real estate broker to market WWII would say the fearsome majesty of the memorabilia. The mushroom cloud explosion brought to mind a line from 1945, Japan surrendered. In image is being put on pins, badges, ancient Hindu scripture: "I am become IN1995, the United States surren- coffee mugs and T-shirts. Death/The of worlds." dered to Japan. At least, that's Newhouse has been touched by "Now we're all sons of bitches," a how American Legion member the tremendous amount of mail from colleague told Oppenheimer as they Gerry Newhouse of Columbus, women whose husbands were poised watched. Someone else said, "The war Ohio, saw the U.S. Postal Service to invade Japan, but came home is over." To which the highly focused decision not to issue a WWII stamp alive because the bomb was used. Groves added, "As soon as we drop commemorating the atomic blast He says he has also received support two bombs on Japan." It had cost an over Hiroshima. from ex-prisoners of the Japanese, as astonishing amount of bucks— $2 bil- Newhouse, a veteran of the Viet- well as retired Brig. Gen. Paul Tib- lion in 1940-era funds— but Groves nam War, took matters personally bets, commander of the Enola Gay, had gotten an unprecedented bang. in hand: He decided to produce a who has sent several sheets of the A split second after 5:29:45, Geor- stamp of his own. The stamp stamps to relatives and friends. gia Green, 18, was being driven to her (depicted above) is patterned after a The stamps cost $9 for a sheet of 8 o'clock music class at the University Christmas seal, something with no 36; $6 a sheet thereafter. For more of New Mexico in Albuquerque. She value as postage but designed to information, write to Mid Coast felt a sudden wave of heat that took

send a powerful message. It features Marketing, 1620 East Broad St., her breath away. an image of the Enola Gay by avia- Suite 106A, Columbus, Ohio, "What was that?" she asked her tion artist Ron Kaplan, as well as the 43203, or call (614) 253-1946. brother-in-law, Joe Wills. Georgia, inscription, "August 1945. Atomic —By Cliff Kincaid who was blind, had felt the first blast of a New Age.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION — ; —

ting of an atom. Then, in 1933, physicist Leo Szilard was seized by

an idea; What if a neutron fired at an atom of uranium were to knock

off two neutrons, wtiicti would hiit-. two more atoms and knock off sev- eral more neutrons, which would hit several more atoms...? Szilard had stumbled on a chain reaction,

which — if Einstein were right would cause a prodigious release of energy. Before long the elite internation- al physics community was abuzz with experiments involving uranium and chain reactions. Scientists the- MANY years uranium was orized that the consequences of POWER—Albert Einstein's historic FORmore of a scientific oddity than the chain reaction would depend equation formed ttie basis for a big bang. the focus of a super-secret mili- on how much uranium was present tary project. The element was first and how fast the reaction was atomic weights, the quantity of extracted from pitchblende in 1789 allowed to proceed. At a moderate sub-atomic particles of which an by a German chemist, who named pace involving modest quantities element is composed.) Once you it after the newly discovered plan- of uranium, you would have a had enough of U-235, you could et, Uranus. In 1896, French physi- manageable energy release, such take two separate pieces which, if cist Henri Becquerel found that as might be used to provide elec- combined, would be large enough some photographic plates he had tricity. At a faster pace involving to prompt a chain reaction, fire stowed in a drawer alongside ura- larger quantities, you would have a one at the other inside the barrel nium salts became exposed. Ura- sudden, cataclysmic release— in of a specially constructed gun, nium was radioactive — sponta- short, a bomb the likes of which and the impact would weld the neously emitting energy. mankind had never known. pieces together, starting the reac- tion and explosion. In 1907, Albert Einstein got the These early theories evolved also scientific community thinking more Into two distinct schools of thought The second process about uranium's potential when he on how to go about building an began with U-238— but this time, proposed his fabled formula, atomic bomb. In turn, each pro- instead of reducing it to U-235, sci- E = mc^, which specified the duced two different weapons, entists bombarded the uranium amount of energy that would be using two different nuclear fuels. with neutrons until it "captured" an extra neutron plutoni- released during fission, the split- The first method involved and became um (P-239). Plutonium was found to be so unstable that scientists could not use the gun technique, because once two pieces of suffi- cient size were brought into close proximity, they might detonate on their own, even without being fired at one another. Instead, researchers devised a method known as implosion: a hunk of Plutonium not normally large enough to fission by itself would be "squeezed" into a chain reaction by the detonation of more conventional explosives packed

around it. The relatively slender gun-type bomb— nicknamed Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima on Aug. 6, 1945. The weapon culled What began by from the second method was extracting or chemically dropped three days later on accident evolved "sepa- rating" bomb-grade U-235 from Nagasaki. It was known as Fat into a massive, naturally occurring U-238, which Man, for the considerable bulk secret effort by the is far more stable and thus not as required to accommodate the United States to end easily "split." (The numbers 235 explosive jacket—surrounding its World War II. and 238 refer to the respective Plutonium core. S.M.

AUGUST 1995 33 Higher learning takes a strange Welcome To new twist as students light their career paths with Qddhall U. education from these offbeat schools.

ca's surfeit of dentists and lawyers is By Phyllis Zauner well-documented. And more than a few MBAs are now practicing their skills in S THE post-recession a more hands-on manner than they'd economy sputters and envisioned— running hot dog stands. spurts and military down- Today's sharp job-seekers know that

sizing continues, thou- it pays to stray from the beaten path in sands of men and women their quest for schooling that leads to are leaving the familiarity more rewarding careers. Sure, many of of military bases for the the schools in this category lack such uncertainty on civvy street. traditional campus amenities as football For many, the solution rallies, class songs and homecoming to finding employment is more educa- dances. That doesn't stop them from tion. Not just any education, though. boasting truly impressive records of Like cheese, many occupational fields alumni employment. More good news: have become a national surplus. Ameri- Many of these "oddball U's" don't require an undergraduate degree. And Phyllis Zauner, a frequent contrib- the state-accredited ones are eligible for utor to this and other national publi- VA education benefits. cations, writes on business and social Here are a few of the best. They are customs in America. all unerringly professional, look like

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION 5 fun— and virtually guarantee post-grad-

g uate employment.

i Brinkman-Froemming

§ Umpire School On Opening Day 1995, when Major League Baseball's umpires yelled strike!, they meant something different from the usual. Still, in a year of unprecedented turmoil in the so-called national pastime, the professional umps' absence from the field during the earliest days of the season— and the uneven performance of their replace- ments—proved one thing: As long as

there is baseball, there will always be a demand for quality umpires. Such is the logic that drives Joe Brinkman, who, along with partner Bruce Froemming, operates the nation's premier school for umpires. Since 1973, 62 percent of major-league umpires have graduated out of the Cocoa, Fla., facility and into one of the most thankless jobs in America.

"An umpire gets abuse from both sides and from the fans," Brinkman says. "He has to be strong— he has to be

able to shake it off because he can't miss the three or four pitches after that."

Brinkman would know. He is in his 23rd year as an umpire in the American League, home of such historic umpire- baiters as Billy Martin and Earl Weaver. (Brinkman ejected Martin five times in a single year — once even before the national anthem was played.) The five-week course includes up to 195 hours of daily field instruction and Please turn to page 60

AUGUST 1995 35 SECOND MILE

thought. In this war everyone was By John F. Flanagan Jr. jumpy. Maybe someone had seen a A target spotter herd of water buffalo. OMEBODY made a mis- I circled again scanning the area. take. Still nothing. The Army observer plane in That's what I thought Vietnam must have left. as I skimmed the Vietnam "Airedale, this is Pup." treetops in my little un- remembers "Go ahead." armed Cessna. My radio "There's nothing here. Nothing." I had reported enemy troops long-ago words heard our fighters checking in on the below, but as I circled the other frequency. "Jim, have the fight- site scouring the elephant of wisdom ers hold high." I was about to call off grass I saw nothing. the search. I had done my job. My job as FAC (Forward Air Con- Have you? demanded a gruff voice. troller) with the U.S. Air Force in 1966 just in time to I winced. Despite the passage of was to spot enemy targets and radio years, I could almost see his sharp fea- information back to headquarters so save friendly tures in the windshield before me: they could send attack aircraft. That Father John Mulroy, one of my teach- morning my patrol had been unevent- forces. ers at Archbishop Stepinac High ful. Then my radio crackled, "Airedale School in White Plains, N.Y. He had Pup, this is Airedale." nailed me to the wall when I submitted It was Jim Ahmann using our per- my first class paper. I had confidently

sonal code words, calling from our handed it in, thinking it was complete. delta forward operating base at Dong cockpit window with a grease pencil. Father Mulroy did not. He gave me Tre. I was his junior officer, so - "On my way," I answered, already a "C." I was shocked. When I ques-

ly I was "Pup." My single-engine banking Bird Dog toward the coordi- tioned it, he fastened me with his dark monoplane, carrying only smoke rock- nates. Ground operations ^said the penetrating eyes and barked: "That's

ets to mark targets, was "Bird Dog." enemy sighting was made by an Army what it was worth." He then rattled off "Roger, 'Dale," I answered. "This is Foxtrot Oscar, or forward observer. a list of information sources. "Did you Pup. Go." This observer didn't belong to delta. check into them?"

"We have a reported sighting of 200 What was he doing in our AO? "Well, I didn't think it was neces- or 300 VC moving in the open. It's our I could just see our strong-willed sary," I said weakly. Alpha Oscar." Alpha Oscar, or AO, commander, Lt. Col. Jack Warren. "I know, I know," he said. " 'You meant area of operation. He gave me Impetuous and aggressive, he would be didn't have time.' That's the trouble the coordinates. I wrote them on the eager to take the target under fire. today. People do only what they think

Because it was beyond ground artillery is needed to get by. When Christ asks Author of Vietnam Above the Tree- range, he figured to send a massed air- us to go the second mile. He means tops, John Flanagan Jr. is a highly craft attack. making that extra effort in everything decorated Air Force Reserve brigadier However, as I reached the given we do." He tapped his desk. "Out in general with over 300 missions in Viet- location, I could find no sign of the the world that can make a difference in nam. He teaches at St. Francis College enemy or the Army forward observer getting a promotion— or saving a life." and St. John's University. An active plane. I scrutinized the area flying low, He got up and put a cassocked arm Legionnaire, Flanagan is Vice Com- worrying about VC ground fire and on my shoulder. "John, m' boy, don't mander of Aviators Post 743 in New remembering some bullet holes I had try to ride easy street and expect to York City, and Americanism Chairman earlier found in Bird Dog's thin skin. wear the stars."

of New York County. Somebody made a mistake, I Please turn page

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION AUGUST 1995 37 "

dusty olive gun ships following us. troops, even to the point of waving at Mll| "Down there, FAG," he called, passing aircraft. THE SECOND "along the light green field. They were Now the gunships aligned for attack heading west and disappeared in the began to close in on the troops. Still On my next paper I dug deeper. It trees." something stopped me from getting out

still wasn't good enough for Father I checked my map. We were six of their way. In my mind's ear I heard Mulroy. "God put more into you than miles from the original coordinates he the distant echo of Father Mulroy 's you think," he said. "Don't sell Him had given us. voice: Make sure, John, make sure. short." "Are you sure?" I asked, circling I had to get a closer look. I cut the Try as I might through the ensuing the location. Gessna' s power and glided for the ele- months, he kept sand-papering me. It "Yes," he said. Then I saw them. A phant grass close to the column, irritated me and the more irritated I serpentine column on the back of a expecting a fusillade of bullets. My got, the more I gritted my teeth. "I'll knoll moving through the elephant heart caught. They were our Viet- show him," I muttered. grass. Maybe 200 or 300 troops, all namese troops — carrying American Which is just what he wanted. I with packs. As I dipped closer I saw carbines and wearing colored scarves. ended up on the football team, an Friendlies! accomplishment that had once seemed "Abort! Abort! Abort!" I shouted impossible. And when I didn't make over the radio, finding myself nose-to- the first cut at the Air Force Academy, nose with the lead gunship. But they

I put in that extra mile to make it on kept coming. They couldn't hear me the second round. After I graduated, I because they were on a different fre- volunteered for Vietnam figuring I quency. owed my country. Father Mulroy kept I slammed the control stick full over in touch with me through the years. and pulled into a gut-wrenching climb. Now in Bird Dog, here he was My plane shuddered into a steep bank again. and stalled. Releasing back pressure, I I radioed base. "Something's rolled out in front of the oncoming wrong," I reported. "I need some time. gunships, positioning myself between Give me another frequency. I've got to them and the friendlies. They couldn't raise the Army FO." fire without hitting me. As the new frequency came "Sundance, get the helicopters outta through, a swarm of Army helicopter here!" I shouted over the radio. gunships roared under me, turning in a "They're friendlies!" large arc as if searching for something. Somehow the message got through. Rogue helicopters loose in our area? The choppers broke off their attack. "Army Bird Dog," I called on the With shaking hands, I called base to new frequency. "This is Air Force divert our own fighters. FAG. Over." No response. I tried again "Don't try to ride The Army Bird Dog pilot followed and again to raise the mystery ship. I me back to Dong Tre. He turned out to couldn't give up. I had to reach this easy street and be a young lieutenant new to the coun- guy! try and was visibly upset as he realized Finally, a response. "Roger, FAG, expect to wear the what had transpired. The detail topog- this is Sundance X-ray." raphy of both locations was similar, "Sundance, are you a Fox Oscar, stars." but he had lost track of the big picture, and do you have a target?" an honest mistake. "Roger. I got 300 VG in the open The Distinguished Flying Gross I —Father John Mulroy and I'm trying to locate our gunships." received for that mission meant more It was obvious that Sundance was to me than all the other decorations I

nowhere near the coordinates I had received for my performance during been given. But where was he? I had to they were in VG attire— a hodgepodge combat. Unlike the others, this one was find him. Timing was critical. of dark uniforms. for saving lives.

"Sundance, tell me what you see As I moved to a safer altitude, I felt Today, like Father Mulroy, I teach beneath you." He described a meander- that familiar nudge. Something wasn't school. And though I can't match his

ing river and I tried to match his right. I'd better make sure. precision in speech, I make sure my description on my map. My mouth dry, I flew closer, students know they can't ride easy

"Okay. I think I know where you expecting the zing of bullets and the street and expect to wear the stars.

are." whump of heavy-weapons fire. I was * * * I shoved the throttle forward until about to launch my smoke rockets into

my Gessna was making its full 115 the column to pinpoint it for the gun- Editor's note: Monsignor John Mul-

miles per hour. Soon I spotted the ships when again something stopped roy died June 10, 1994, at the age of Army observer plane high against the me. These men didn't flee, take cover. 77. John Flanagan adds, "I still remem- sky. They had to see me. However, we ber that engraved in the cornerstone of

"Lead me to the target," I radioed. knew that VG caught in the open Archbishop Stepinac High School are

Glancing over my shoulder I saw the would frequently behave like friendly the words, 'For God and Gountry.'

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION " . I

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LEHON TALKS, VA USTENS . . . HNALLY

EGIONNAIRES may • Allowing VA to keep 25 percent manufactured and mobile homes. note that many changes of third-party reimbursements. • Getting out of the direct-loan being proposed by VA • Simplifying means tests by coop- business and allowing property from L come from The American erating with IRS to verify veterans' home loan foreclosures to return to the Legion's Gold and Silver income. lender. books which contain recommendations • Studying the feasibility of sharing • Contracting out home-loan ser- to provide better service and benefits health-care services with the Depart- vicing of the 29,000 loans with poor for veterans. ment of Defense (DoD). payment and/or default histories. Some portions of VA's 12-point • Consolidating VA support ser- VA estimates the reforms will save reform program parallel much of what vices such as laundry, maintenance, far more than $276 million over five the Legion has been advocating for collections and food services. years, depending on the extent of its years, says Chet Stellar, chairman of • Electronically processing and health-care sharing with DoD. the Legion's Veterans Affairs and paying GI Bill education benefits. VA&R Chairman Stellar says the Rehabilitation (VA&R) Commission. • Studying the feasibility of con- Legion also would like VA to allow The VA initiatives include: tracting out the veterans life insurance local hospital and clinic administrators

• Reforming health-care eligibility programs it currently administers. to make decisions based on community and treatment. • Transfering all insurance activi- needs rather than nationally dictated • Establishing pilot programs to ties to its Philadelphia office and clos- regulations. Stellar says the Legion's study the feasibility of Medicare reim- ing its Minnesota office. VA&R staff is studing the impact of bursement. • Terminating VA home loans for the portions that pertain to home loans.

Marks Are Low From GAO heroism" consists of receiving the state level to pass memorializing reso- Gulf veterans with health problems Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service lutions supporting concurrent receipt of are expressing "dissatisfaction with ser- Cross, Navy Cross or Air Force Cross. military retirement pay and VA disabil- vices from the DoD and VA," accord- Under current law, however, if the ity compensation. The 14 states who ing to a May 1995 General Accounting veteran is disabled and drawing VA have passed such resolutions are Geor- Office (GAO) report. disability compensation that exceeds gia, Kentucky, Illinois, Maine, Mary- While the report was based on inter- the veteran's total military retirement land, Massachusetts, Missouri, Penn- views with only 89 members of the pay, extraordinary heroism pay is for- sylvania, Rhode Island, New Mexico, 123rd Army Reserve Command— the feited. Senate bill S. 731 has been sub- New York, Texas, Washington and first Gulf War unit to report health mitted to rectify the inequity. Virginia. problems in 1992 — American Legion Military retirees are the only federal experts believe the report should be ...Or Their Families retirees whose retirement pay is affect- taken seriously because the complaints Veterans rated by VA at 30 percent ed by VA disability compensation. are similar to those they are receiving or more for their service-connected dis- from Gulf veterans. ability also receive compensation for Landing A Lawyer According to the GAO report, 28 of their spouse and minor children. But There are things you need to know 46 veterans examined at VA were dis- the entire amount of that compensation, before hiring an attorney to represent satisfied with their treatment. Fifty per- including money paid for spouse and you in a VA claim. cent of those examined by DoD— 7 out child, is deducted from the checks of After a BVA denial, a lawyer must of 14 — were also dissatisfied, yet 47 disabled military retirees due to concur- usually be hired within one year of the out of the 89 were satisfied with the rent-receipt laws. decision to either reopen the claim or non-government care they received. S. 730 currently in the Senate would take it to an appeal court. Both VA and DoD contend that 89 allow the portion of disability designat- Exceptions to this requirement or veterans do not constitute a sufficient ed for spouse and children to be paid in other information can be found in The sampling from which to draw any valid full while concurrent receipt rules Veterans Self-Help Guide on VA statistical conclusions. GAO agreed. would still apply for the remaining por- Claims. tion of the veteran's compensation. The booklet is available by writing Zero for Heroes... Although there are no companion to the National Veterans Legal Service Enlisted men and women cited for House measures for either Senate bill, Program, 2001 S St. NW, Washington, extraordinary heroism who retire from Florida Rep. Mike Bilirakis has resub- D.C. 20009. This is no charge for Viet- the active duty after 20 years or more mitted legislation, HR 65, to do away nam veterans or their families but are entitled to a 10-percent increase in with concurrent receipt regulations. donations to defray the cost are appre- their retirement pay. "Extraordinary There is also a movement at the ciated. For all others, the cost is $5.

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION Legion news

LEGION-BACKED RESOLUTION DEMANDS: Georgia Teen Named NO MORE MONEY WITHOUT ANSWERS Scout of The Year POW/MIA UPDATE HE American How President Clinton Can Help

I [Legion sup- HERE are 13 recommendations general or independent counsel to offered by Tfie American investigate allegations of impropri- ports congres- Legion and tfie otfier member eties in government employees' T sional legisla- organizations of tfie Ad Hoc Work- handling of POW/MIA issues. tion to cut off ing Group on POW/MIAs: • Produce an accurate list of • for full Vietnamese POW/MIAs and KIA/BNR federal monies for diplomat- Wait coop- Vietnam eration on the POW/MIA issue (Body Not Recovered) who are ic and trade relations with before providing any assistance to likely to be accounted for with full Vietnam until more progress Vietnam. cooperation. is made on the POW/MIA • Make tfie Defense POW/MIA • Open Pentagon POW/MIA issue. Office responsible for all U.S. gov- actions to public scmtiny. ernment POW/MIA activities and • Declassify as much POW/MIA Introduced by Sen. Bob allow/ it to report directly to tfie material as possible. Smith of New Hampshire, Secretary of Defense. • Revise the U.S. Code on miss- Senate Joint Resolution 34 • Place a fiigher priority on ing service personnel and civil- ZACHARY THOMAS would the recovery of live POWs and investi- ians. stem flow of cash 7995 Scout of the Year gation of live-sighting reports. • Establish and strengthen joint to Vietnam unless the Presi- • Make the secretaries of each POW/MIA commissions with the dent: branch of service directly respon- Commonwealth of Independent A C H A R Y • Certifies to Congress sible for an accounting of their States, North Korea and China. Thomas of Ced- that Vietnam has completely service's POW/MIAs. (Designate • Develop an investigative panel artown, Ga. can the Secretary of State responsible of experts to assess important opened up its war records add another for missing or captured civilians.) intelligence from the former Soviet z and is doing all it can to American Leg- • Assign the FBI and CIA more Union relating to POW/MIAs. help resolve the POW/MIA active roles in accounting for • Establish a more effective way ion honor to his growing list. issue. POW/MIAs and missing civilians. to provide POW/MIA families with The 18-year-old has been • Appoint an independent, non- information their loved • Gives Congress the about named 1995 American Department of Defense inspector ones. names of American POW/ Legion Scout of the Year. MIAs that Vietnam is With the honor comes a believed to have more infor- $8,000 scholarship. mation on. full disclosure on "at least According to National A member of the Sons of Smith says U.S. intelli- 100 names. There is still a Commander William M. The American Legion, gence reports indicate that huge amount of information Detweiler, Smith's resolu- Thomas was selected over Vietnam has failed to make Vietnam is withholding." tion offers the best leverage 34 other applicants for the in getting Vietnam to pro- award. Prior Legion honors SERVICE vide an honest accounting of include being named Geor- GENERATIONS OF U.S. POW/MIAs. gia's 1994 and 1995 Ameri- "We know that normal- can Legion Scout of the ization with Vietnam looms Year. near and all signs reveal that Thomas is the son of Lar- moves will be made in that ry and Janice Thomas. His direction as early as this father is a member of Post summer,"says Detweiler. 86, which sponsored The Legion also supports Zachary in the competition. legislative action to revise Thomas, who is an Eagle the Missing Service Person- Scout, will attend the U.S. nel Act of 1942 to reform Military Academy at West U.S. administrative policy Point this fall and plans to on POW/ MIAs. pursue a military career. Today, the Legion wants The runners-up are: Brett changes that would end the N. Kellner, Post 139 of Three generations of the Kutney family, who represent current practice of declaring Tampa, Fla., Stacey D. four of the forces, are of Post branches armed members an MIA dead merely Stafford, Post 60 of Pulaski, 16, Slatington, Pa. From left, Robert C. Kutney (Army, because a lot of time has Tenn.; and Ernest E. Lagi- 1942-45); R. Christian Kutney (Navy, 1994-current); passed. Instead, the Legion moniere Jr., Post 85 of Steven D. Kutney (Air Force, 1991-93); and Robert G. Kut- ney (Marine Corps, 1967-71). wants that decision based on Huntington, Md. Each rec- credible evidence. eives a $2,000 scholarship .

AUGUST 1995 41

il Legion news

Detweiler Tells Congress Why Flag Amendment Is Necessary

I T IS easy to for- "It has been almost five get that a flag years since the Supreme A BANNER which stands Court made it legal to DONATION— for liberty was destroy this symbol that National Auxiliary ionce a rarity," unites us all," Detweiler told President Linda National Commander Wil- the Subcommittee on the Newsome gives Citizens Flag liam M. Detweiler told the Constitution. "Here in Wash- Alliance Judiciary ington I have heard say House Subcom- some President Daniel mittee on the Constitution that they thought the issue S. Wheeler a during testimony in May. had died. The issue is far $10,000 check "Perhaps that is exactly why from dead. It has been debat- for the campaign to protect the an amendment to protect the ed and discussed all over the flag. This was the flag is necessary." nation— in the halls of every Auxiliary's Detweiler was state capitol to the local bar- among second $10,000 several witnesses testifying ber shops." contribution this in support of H.J. Res. 79, Also testifying for the year. the amendment to protect amendment were attorney the flag from physical dese- , former cration. The amendment journalist and Vietnam vet- University and Robert Nagel cosponsors in the Senate. passed both the judiciary eran whose experiences of the University of Col- In early June, the amend- subcommittee and the House were the basis of the movie. orado. ment passed the Senate Judi- Judiciary Committee and Good Morning, Vietnam; At press time, 280 House ciary Subcommittee on the was slated for a full House Rose Lee, past national pres- members had signed as co- Constitution, Federalism and vote in late June. The Senate ident of the Gold Star sponsors of H.J. 79, just 10 Property Rights and was version, S.J. Res. 31, was Wives; and two constitution- votes shy of the two-thirds expected to be heard by the expected to go to the full al law professors, Stephen majority needed to pass the full Senate Judiciary Com- Senate also in late June. Presser of Northwestern House. S.J. Res. 31 had 55 mittee later in the month. Among those who testified on behalf of the CFA before the Senate subcommittee CONVENTION TO COMMEMORATE WWII was Richard Parker, a Har- vard Law School professor [HE 77th Nat- national Military and His- WWII garb, military and constitutional expert. ional Con- tory TV channels will equipment and a float The alliance continues to vention to be assist the Legion in con- replica of the Indi- USS grow. As of June, it com- r held in Indi- ducting a film festival and anapolis. Following the prised 102 member organi- la n a o 1 i s oral history project. The parade, there will be p , zations representing more 31 Aug. -Sept. 6, will fea- film festival will feature music, entertainment and than 30 million Americans. ture a gala celebration WWII training movies, fireworks. Among organizations re- marking the 50th anniver- documentaries and actual PATRIOTIC RELIGIOUS cently joining are the Ameri- sary of the end of World war footage. Oral histories SERVICE can G.I. Forum of the U.S.; War II. will be taken from a num- A religious service on Bunker Hill Monument The opening ceremony ber of Legionnaire WWII Sunday will honor the Association Inc.; Catholic will honor WWII GIs, and veterans and kept in memories of WWII veter- Family Life Insurance; throughout the convention Legion archives. ans with a Peace Candle Drum Corps Associates; well-known veterans of CONVENTION PARADE and a Post Everlasting Family Research Council; the war will be keynote This year's National ceremony. National Federation of speakers. Other special Convention Parade, NATIONAL COMMANDER'S American Hungarians Inc.; WWII commemorative scheduled for Sept. 2— the BANQUET United Armed Forces Asso- activities include: 50th anniversary of V-J Legionnaires at the ciation; and Veterans of the FILM FESTIVAL & Day — will include a fly- banquet dinner-dance will Inc. ORAL HISTORIES over of authentic WWII swing to the big band To make donations, get From Friday through aircraft, as well as sounds in a canteen-like petitions or obtain more 1-4, Monday, Sept. the marchers dressed in setting. information, call: (800) 424-FLAG.

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION Legion news

PRESCRIPTiOni PROGRAM SAVES LEGION FAMILY MONEY

EGINNING Oct.l. Legion- Pharmacies Fruth Pharmacy M & H Drugs Inc. Pharmacy naires and their families can participating in new Furr's Pharmacy Market Basket Shopko Pharmacy purchase prescription drugs at discount program at Gessler Drug Co. Med-X Corporation Shoprite substantial savings through B press time in June; Giant Eagle Corp. Medco Singer Enterprises the Legion's National Dis- A&P Goldy's Medic Drug Smith's Food & count Prescription Program. ABCO Markets Pharmacies Navarro Discount Drug The easy-to-use program is designed by Albertson's Food & Grand Union Pharmacies Smitty's Seabury & Smith and provided by RXAm- Drug Pharmacy Nelson's Drug Snyder's Drug erica, a leader in prescription benefit man- Allen's Drugtown Green's Drug Stores Star Markets agement. There's no enrollment. The Arrow Prescription Stores Osco Drug Supervalu only card you need is your American Center Gresham Pathmark Stores Pharmacies Legion or Sons of The American Legion Big Bear Pharmacy Enterprise Payless Drugs Target Pharmacies BigV membership card. To take advantage of Harco Drug Perry Drug Store The Medicine Supermarkets Harvest Foods Pharmacy Group Shoppe these discounts, you simply have to be a Care Pharmacy Horizon of Nevada Thrift Drug Store member of The American Legion or Sons City Drug Pharmacies Pharmhouse Thrlftway of The American Legion or a member's City Market Inc. Horton & Converse Corporation Tidyman's dependent, and present your membership CJM Pharmacies Pic N' Save TIffany's-DavIs card at participating pharmacies. Dahl's Foods Hy-Vee Food Price Chopper Drug Co. The program also offers you the ability Delchamp's Stores Price/Costco True Quality to send for prescription drugs through the Dillon Springfield Joel & Jerry's Publlx Pharmacy Pharmacies mail. Beginning Oct. 1, your Post will Division K&B Incorporated Randall Food United Managed have forms for this service. You can order Dominlck's Finer Kash N Karry &Pharmacy Care Corp. as much as a 90-day supply and have it Foods Inc. Keltsch Brothers Revco Discount United automatically refilled. The mail-in phar- Drug Mart Kessel Pharmacies Drug Supermarkets Eagle macy offers a 24-hour phone help line. Pharmacy Keystone Medicine Riser Foods USA Drug Eaton Apothecary "Those taking maintenance medications Chest Rite Aid Pharmacy Village Family Care Pharmacies Safeway Supermarkets with prescriptions that have to be filled Family Drug/Care King Kullen Sav-Mor Drug Wakefern Food over and over will find this service conve- Plus Pharmacies Store Corp/Shoprite nient," says Paul Dunn, an assistant direc- Fay's Incorporated Corp. Schnucks Wels Pharmacy tor of Internal Affairs for the Legion. Foodarama King Soopers Pharmacy Western Drug RXAmerica provides millions of people Supermarkets Kohl's Drug Stores Sedano's Winn Dixie with similar plans, using this leverage in Fred Meyer Lambda Sentry Markets Woolworth negotiating with drug manufacturers to Fred's Pharmacy Apothecary Shop'n Save Zailie Supermarket obtain the best possible prices.

Legion Mall Designated National Historic Landmark HEN Legion- a historic landmark by the naires tour The National Park Service. American Leg- The five-block plaza also ion Headquar- includes the Sunken Garden, ters during The the Obelisk, the Pro Patria National Convention, Aug. sculpture and the Indiana 31 -Sept. 6, they will be vis- World War Memorial. iting one of Indiana's Only 26 sites in Indiana newest National Historic have received the honor. Landmarks. A dedication ceremony at The American Legion the plaza is tentatively Mall, comprising the Le- planned for October. gion's National Headquar- The park service selects ters and the Indiana Ameri- landmarks based on national can Legion Headquarters, significance. Eligible sites are part of the Indiana are at least 50 years old and World War Memorial Plaza represent U.S. people, histo- Historic District, selected as ry, architecture and ideals.

AUGUST 1995 43 (WWII/Korea) #15855 38th inf. DIv. Assn. #22857 THE VETERANS' CONNECTION 7th RRFS (Radio Research Field Station 38th Signal Const Bn. (WWII & 1986/91) 74/76) #19465 #10198 8th inf Div, 12th Engr. Combat Bn (WWII) 40th Cav. Recon. Trp. (WWII) #16208 VETS is a service tiiat provides information about mili- #12196 40th Div., 108th Inf. Rgt., K Co. (WWII) 8th Inf. Div., 13th Rgt. (WWII) #16337 #13940 tary reunions, helps veterans find old buddies and arranges 8th Inf. Div., 8th Cav. Recon. Trp. (WWII) 40th Engr. Combat Assn. (WWII) #10402 reunions, travel and accommodations. #20597 40th Inf. Div., 108th Inf. Rgt. Assn. 8th Inf. DIv. Assn. (Ft.Screven WWII) #21859 REUNIONS INFORMATION #16256 40th Inf. DIv., 108th Rgt., A Co. (WWII) 9th Arm'd Div., 4th Tank Bn. Assn. #19443 This month there are 1,183 military reunions listed on #16013 42nd Inf. Dlv.(Trl-State) #19244 9th Arm'd Div., S2nd Arm'd Inf. Bn. 43rd Inf. DIv., 102nd Rgt., Hq/Hq Co (Ger these pages. In addition, VETS has information on more than (WWII) #16527 50/53) #19620 12,000 other reunions. Call VETS weekdays, 12 noon to 8 9th inf. Div., 50th A/B Rgt. E Co.(LRRP) 43rd Inf. Div., 102nd Rgt., Tank Co. #22548 #20035 p.m., CDT. Calls cost $1.95 per minute. The average call 10th Artillery, 6th Bn (Germany '63/66) 43rd Inf. Div., 169th Rgt, G Co. (1950-53) takes two minutes. #19421 #14095 10th Inf. Div., 87th Rgt., H Co. #20925 43rd Inf. DIv. 1 (900) 737-VETS "Winged Victory DIv." 10th Inf. DIv., 87th Rgt., Med. Co. (GER (WWII) #14963 1 (900) 737-8387 55/57) "Gyroscope" #19894 44th Inf. Div., 63rd Engr. (C) Bn., A Co. If you know the VETS five-digit number assigned to your 10th Inf. Rgt. Assn. #16431 #11235 10th Mountain Div., 604th FA Art. Bn. 44th Tank Bn. Assn. #10386 ship or unit, please give it to the operator. The number is #13969 45th/7709th Engr. Const. Bn., H&S Co.s printed after each outfit's name listed in the magazine. If you 10th Mtn. Div., Midwest Chapter #15690 (Schwetzingen,Ger. 1951/53) #11880 1 1th AAA AW Bn.(SP) (All Eras) #16066 45th Inf. Div., 120th Engr. Combat Bn., H don't know the VETS number or do not see your ship or unit 11th Arm'd Cav. Vets. (Vietnam/Cambo- &SCo. (Korea) #22515 listed in the magazine, VETS operators may still be able to dia) #15380 45th Inf. Div., 179th Rgt., Tank Co. 11th Arm'd. Div. Assn. #16052 #13571 information. provide you reunion Units are enrolling in 12th Avn. Gp., 273rd Avn. Co. (VN 69/70) 45th TAAM/OLAM Co. (1950/54) #15417 VETS daily. #19874 46th Arm'd Inf Otv, A Co (Camp Chaffee, 12th Corps, 3rd Army (ETC 1944) '49) #20453 PLANNING A REUNION #11780 46th Engr. Const. Bn. (WWII/Present) 13th Arm'd Div., 93rd Cav. Recon Sq. #10744 VETS will help you arrange your outfit's reunion at no #15562 46th Signal Hvy. Const. Bn. (WWII) cost and save money in the process. Finders/Seeker services 13th FA Obsn. Bn. (WWII) #11020 #10944 14th Arm'd Div. - North Eastern States 48th General Hospital (England/France are included free for VETS managed reunions. VETS also Chapter #15911 WWII) #15454 will maintain reunion coordinators' mailing lists and unit 14th Arm'd "Liberator" Div. Assn. 50th General Hospital (WWII) #10468 #10814 53rd CAC, A thru G Btrys., 1st,2nd & 3rd archives, and handle all reunion publicity needs. Tell VETS 17th AAA Grp. (WWII) #15868 Bn. Hqs. (1942/44) #12593 what you want, and they will do the work. 17th Sig. Oper. Bn. (WWII) #10395 58th Engr. Treadway Bridge Co. - 18th Art., 3rd (How), A Btry (61/63) (Korea) #15750 REUNION PLANNING & TRAVEL #19844 60th Artillery, 4th Bn. Vietnam #12566 18th Engr. Bde.: 19th Engr. (C) Bn. Assn. 60th General Hospital (WWII) #20062 Call y/ETSTRAVEL. You'll get the lowest possible (Vietnam) #20143 60th Signal Bn. (WWII) #22651 18th FA Bn. (Korea 1950/53) #11516 62nd Sig. Bn., A Co. #12150 , banquet, travel rates. tour and 20th Armd. Div., 20th Tank Bn., D Co. 63rd Inf. DIv. Assn., 253rd Rgt., F Co. 1 (800) 844-VETS #15656 (WWII) #10335 844-8387 20th Arm'd Div., 20th Tank Bn., Hq. Co. 64th Field Hosp. #19104 1 (800) #19868 65th Arm'd Field Arty. Bn. Assn. (WWII) 20th Armd. Div., 20 Tnk. Bn., A Co. #28383 FINDING A RUDDY #20271 65th General Hospital (WWII) #15557 20th Engr (C) Rgt, 20th/1 340th Bns, 1171 69th Inf. DIv., 880th FA Bn., HQ Btry. Looking for a buddy or long lost relative? VETS' Find- Grp (WWII) #15365 Assn #15671 ers/Seekers service will send you a computer listing of 20th Field Hospital #19888 69th Sig. Bn. (VN) #13458 24th Corps, HQ Co. Def. PItn (Phillp- 70th AAA Gun Bn., Bethesda, MD (53/54) names, addresses and phone numbers of people in the United pines,44/46) #11306 #19165 States who have the same name as the person you're seeking. 24th Inf., 19th Rgt, 3rd Bn/34th Rgt, 1st 70th Avn. Det (Thailand 1969) #19866 Bn(Korea) #11154 70th Coastal Artly. AA (PI, WWII) former- Finders/Seekers guarantees you will get at least one name 24th Inf Div, 21st Rgt, 2nd Bn/34th Rgt, ly 90th CA AA #1 9859 that matches, or it will refund your money. Search fees are 3rd Bn (Korea 50/53) #19506 70th Hvy. Tnk. Bn. Armor Assn. #12702 24th Inf. Div. 3rd Engr. (Korea) #19009 70th Inf. Div. Assn. (Western States $15 per name. Allow six weeks for a reply. 24th Inf. Div. Assn.(5th RCT, Korea) WWII) #16521 Write Finders/Seekers, P.O. Box 901, Columbia, MO #20928 71st Arty, 3rd Btn, D-Btry #19207 25th Inf Div, 13th Art, 3rd (How) Bn, B 71st Sig. Serv. Bn., D Co. (1945/46) 65205-0901; or call (800) 449-VETS. Mastercard/VISA Btry (VN 66/67) #19842 #22673 accepted. 26th Inf Div, 101st FA Bn Midwest Chapt. 74th/117th AGF Band (Italy, 1945-46) "Yankee Div." (WWII) #16643 #13870 26th Inf. Div., 104th Rgt. Assn. #11637 75th Inf. Div., 290th Rgt., M Co. #22391 27th Inf. Div., 106th Rgt., HQ Co. #15450 76th Inf. DIv. #16536 27th Inf. Div. Assn. (NYNG, WWII) 77th Artillery Assn. "En Garde Rgt." OUTFIT REUNIONS #16534 #13035 27th Inf. Div., Post 13 #13215 78th Inf. Div., 309th Rgt, E Co. #16510 28th Inf. Div., 109th Rgt., G Co. (WWII, 78th Inf. DIv. 'Texas Cohorts" #19880 Reunion coordinators can enroll their 1st Inf. Div., 4th Cav., 1st Sq. (Viet Nam) Korea) #20342 78th Signal Co. #15719 units in VETS by sending a self-addressed, #22670 30th Artillary, 1st Bn (VN '65/71) #19420 79th Engr. Grp., "B" Co., Ger. (55-57) stamped envelope to VETS, P.O. Box 901, 1st Inf Div, Society of the First Div "Big 30th Med. Dpt. Co. #20519 #19191 Columbia, MO 65205-0901 . Unit names are Red One" #15354 31st "Dixie" Div. (WWII) ALL UNITS 79th Inf Div, 313th Rgt. "Cross of Lor- published one time per year. 1st Medical Rgt. (Ft. Ord WWII) #16582 #19478 raine Assn" (WWII) #15637 1st Ord. MM Co. (1949-1952) #12361 31st Inf. Div., 167/124th Rgt. 80th Inf. Div. Assn. (WWI, WWII) #12422 1st Ord. Prov. Recovery & Evac. PItn (WWII,"Dixle DIv.", all attached units) 81st Chemical Mtr. Bn. #16486 Army (Italy 42/44) #19292 #10606 81 ST FA Bn. (WWII) #20664 1st Sig. Brigade (VN) #19422 32nd Inf. Div., 127th Rgt., G Co. (WWII) 81st Inf. DIv., 317th FA Bn., HQ Btry. 1st Air Cav, 7th Sq (Vinh Long, VN 2nd Arm'd Div., 14th AFA Bn. #16675 #16717 (WWII) #15730 '68/72) "Blackhawks" #11917 2nd Arm'd Div., 82nd Arm'd Recon. Bn. 32nd Inf Div, 128th Rgt, 1st Bn, D Co 82nd Engr. (C) Bn (WWII) #15976 Ist Arm'd DIv., 6th Arm'd Inf. Bn. (WWII) #15271 (Red Arrow) #19481 84th Inf., 335th Div., H Co. #19895 #12785 2nd Arm'd Div. Assn. #15551 32nd Inf. Div., 32nd MP Pit. (S. Pacific, 84th Inf. Div. "Railsplitter Soc" #15955 1st Arm'd DIv. Assn. (NY Chapter) "Old 3rd Army, 512th FA Bn. (WWII) #19876 '42/45) #16026 85th Evac Hosp SMBL (Qui Nhon, S Viet- Ironsides" #16195 3rd General Hospital (WWII) #10111 32nd Inf. DIv., Great Western Red Arrow nam 65/66) #12560 1st Cav. DIv., 15th Med. Bn., B Co. (VN, 4th Arm'd Div. Assn. #16402 Club #20527 85th Inf. DIv., 339th Rgt, K Co. (WWII) '66/67) #14223 4th General Hospital (WWII) #16598 34th Inf. Div., 168th Rgt. #15842 #19862 1st Cav. DIv., 229th Assault Helicopter 4th Inf. DIv., 12th Rgt, 1st Bn. (67/69) 35th Engr. Combat Bn. #20559 85th Inf. DIv., 403rd Btry., B Bn. #19712 Bn. #22377 #19550 35th Inf. DIv., 134th Rgt. Assn. (WWII) 85th Inf Div, 85th Recon Trp (WWII, 1st Cav. DIv., 61st FA Bn. #23105 5th Arm'd Div. Assn. #15428 #15531 Africa/Italy) #23106 1st Cav. DIv., 7th Cav. Rgt, 2nd Bn. H. 5th Army Association (WWII) #13073 36th Inf. DIv., 142nd Rgt., B Co. #12133 87th Inf. DIv. Assn. "Golden Acorns" Co. (Korea 50/51) #19856 5th Inf. Div., 46th FA Bn. #16020 36th Inf. DIv. National Assn. #16512 #15487 1st Cav. DIv., 7th Rgt., 1st Bgde., A Co., 5th RCT (Korea 1949-54) #14104 37th DIv., 117th Engr. Bn., B Co. (WWII) 88th Inf. DIv. Assn., Inc. "Blue Devils" (VN 67/68) #19349 7th Evac. Hosp.(S.Pacific) #20890 #19188 #15465 1st Cav. DIv., FL Chapter #15892 7th Inf. DIv., 184th Rgt. Assn. (WWII) 37th Inf. Div., 148th Rgt., Antl-Tank Co. 90th FA Bn. Assn. #13966 Ist Cav. DIv., LRRP Ranger Chapter #20667 #15553 90th Inf DIv. Assn. #22982 #20823 7th Inf. Div., 31st Rgt. #19698 37th Inf. DIv., 148th Rgt. (Camp Perry, 91st Cav. Ren. Sq. (Ft. Bliss 41/46) 1st Cav. DIv. Nat'l Assn. #16387 7th Inf. DIv., 32nd Rgt. "Queens Own" Ohio) #10632 Please turn to page 48

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION Aix-WEmiER Gear Prokcts You From NAnoNAL TV Bargains, Dept. MC-26 1 Eversley Avenue, Norwalk, CT 06851-5844 The Severest Wind & Rain Storms! Please send me the Mariner Storm Coat(s) I have ordered below on your money-back guarantee (less p&h). Indicate Size: Driving rain storms are no contest for this supertough pofyvinyl S, M, L, One (1) Mariner Storm Coat ... Only $9.98. XL raingear. Its the same stuff that sailors and fishermen rely on to SiWE! Two (2) Mariner Storm Coats ... Only $18.98.

FAMILY DEAL! Three or more Mariner Storm Coats . . . Onfy $26.98. protect them from the ravages of the elements. This versatile, Add $4 p&h no matter how many you order. fiilly reversible stormcoat has a tougji, lightweight construction, Enclosed is $ (CT Residence please add 6% Sales Tax) ideal for weekend sailors, hikers, ramblers, sporting spectators, CHARGE IT! oVISA MasterCard angjers, dog walkers, and other types of outdoor pursuits. Aal#_ _Exp. Date_ blue-yellow pockets easily sponges Reversible with 3 storm Name clean from mud and folds neatly away for next use. All the fea- A£idress_ tures of raingear costing much, much more! For men and City .State. _Zip. women. (S) 32-34, (M) 36-38, (L) 40-42, (XL) 44-46. Phone # ( ei995Upenwald, Inc. Help Protect Our Nation's Flag: Send Washington This Message Now!

Your Name Printed Here Speak Out Today! Your Street Address, Apt. or Box Number Your City, State, Zip Code

Your Senators/Representative Name Call now to receive your United States Senate or U.S. House of Representatives three personalized letters, XXX Senate or XXX House Office Building, Room XXX Washington, D.C. 20510 as seen on this page, addressed to your Senators Dear (Your Senator/Representative Name):

& Representative I urge you to support and co-sponsor a constitutional amendment to protect our nation's flag against public desecration.

The flag is unique among our traditional national emblems and deserves respect, The American care and protection. As a reflection of our nation's heritage, it is the one symbol that transcends political parties. During its long service as our nation's banner during peace,

war and domestic turmoil, it has persevered as a symbol of unity, sacrifice, justice and Legion's national resolve. To a vast majority of Americans the flag represents the hope, freedom and values that we hold. Citizens Flag Alliance Millions of Americans including myself believe that our flag should be protected. Legislative Action Line In fact a 1994 Gallup Survey revealed that 81% of Americans believe that the flag should be protected against public physical desecration. Many Americans have fought and died to protect the First Amendment. Nothing proposed in the flag protection amendment will prevent anyone from saying anything they want about our government, 1-900-773-1776 our leaders or even our flag. What this amendment will do is make a special provision for the American Flag that will protect it against physical acts that most Americans find (The total cost is only $7.95) profoundly offensive.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to your reply and learning your Act Now! views on this important issue. Sincerely,

Here's how to use the (Your signature and a handwritten P.S. lets Washington know of your active involvement.) Legislative Action Line: Please note: The text of your letters may be slightly different from the above sample. This will allow us to inform the Congress of the many reasons for passing the flag amendment.

•Begin by calling 1-900-773-1776.

This service is available in aU 50 states, • When calling our legislative action line, if • Your 3 personalized letters will be mailed 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. The total cost you hear a recording that your call cannot be to you within 5 days. Just stamp the of this call is $7.95 and will appear on your completed as dialed or a similar message this envelopes that come with the letters, sign telephone biU. is because your local phone company has your letters and mail them.

• After a brief message about the flag blocked your telephone line for calls to 900 • it's your thoughts that count, amendment an operator will ask you for your services. However, you still can participate Remember handwritten postscript name and mailing address. Active duty by sending your name, address (active duty so feel free to add a

letters. if, chance, military personnel whose current mailing military should include their voting zip code) (P.S.) to your And by there's a problem with your letters; you can address is different from their voting address and a check or money order for $7.95 to: 1-800-755-1991. should also give the operator the zip code of TALCFAAJSA Letters, P.O. Box 9865, contact USA Letters at their voting address or home of record. Washington, D.C. 20016-8865 PLEASE PHOTOCOPY THIS PAGE AND PASS IT ALONG TO YOUR FRIENDS Jf

How do you explain what^s right and wrong?

Yesterday she was chosen to hold the flag while her class said the Pledge of Allegiance. Her teacher told her she had earned that privilege.

She was proud to tell her parents.

Today she saw a person burn a flag to attract attention.

She asked her teacher if burning a flag was right or wrong.

The teacher had to tell her

that it used to be a bad thing, but some important people in Washington

said now it's okay.

She went home confused. Her parents decided that

it was time to get involved.

They know that

flag burning is wrong.

Join llie Qtizens Flag ADiance today! 1-80Q-424-FLAG.

Citizens

AUiance^inc.

I is brought t4%H^AhdH^Knan 80 member organizations of CltizenriHag Alliance, Inc., including:

' i i • • • • DiQogr Au

Bh • Czechoslovak Christian Democracy in the U.S.A • Enlisted Association Slational Guard U.S. • fleet Reserve Association • Fox Associates, Inc. Forrv Sc Eight • Gold Star Wives of Ameria, Inc • Gtand Lodge Fraternal Onler of Police • Giand Lodige ofMasons of Oklahoma • Hungarian Association

ReJormcd Federation of America • Italian Sons and Daughtets of Ameria * Knights of Columbus • KateMr.^incrican Association of Greater Washington • Laborers' International Union of N.A. Rca • Marine Corps League Marine Corps Reserve Officers Assodarion • Miljtaiy Order of the Purpk Hean of the USA • Moose International • National Alliance of Families ational Association far Uniformed Services • National Cosmetology Association • National Cenrer for Public Policy Research • National Federation of Hungarian-Americans

National Federation of State High School Associations • National Flag Foundation • National Grange • National Guard Association of the U.S.

National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in .Southeast Asia • National Officers Association • National Organization of World War Nurses • National Legion National Vietnam Veterans Coalition • Native Daughters of the Golden West • Native Sons of the Golden West • Nav\- League of die U.S. • Navy Scabce Veterans of Ameria Auxiliary Na\7 Scabec Veterans pfAmerica • Non-Commissioned Officers Association • PAC Pennsylvania Fjjtern Division • Polish American Congress • Polish Army Veterans Association

r ' h Falcons gfAmeria* Polish Falcons of America-District II • Polish Home Army * Polish National Alliana ' Polish National Union * Polish Roman Catholic Union of North Ameria Polish Scouring Organization * Polish Western Ayociation • Polish Women's Alliance • RR Donnelley & Sons, Company • Scottish Rite of Freemasonty-Southcm jurisdiaion Scottish Rite of Freemasonry- Nil," \1 >- >ni i\irisdiction • Sons of The American Legion * The Orchard Lakes Schools • The Retired Enlisted Association * c Travelers Ptotcaivt Asndaiioo • The L i xKiiation * U.S. Pan Asian Amerian Chamber of Commera U.S. Marine Corps Combat Corropondents ^sociarion

* * likranian GoU Cross Women's Army Corps Veterans Association Women's Overseas Service League Woodmen of the World j|| * *VETS* *

#16177 246th Signal Oper. Co. (WWII) #16607 609th TD Bn. Assn. #1 0287 Frenchay Hospital, England 91st Cav. Recon. Trp. Mechanized 248th FA Bn., B Btry. #10094 618th Sig. Bn. #19622 (52nd/100th/117th/298th Gen. Hospi- #19883 252nd CA, 530th FA #15696 637th Tank Destroyer Bn., C Co. #20171 tals) #11199 93rd Chem. Mort. Bn. (WWII) #22590 254th Engr. (C) Bn. #23008 643rd Ord. Ammo. Co. #19108 IFFV Arty (& Assigned Units) (Vietnam, 95th (2771st) Eng. Repro. Co, 29th 257th Ord. MM Co. #15970 643rd TD Bn. #15820 1966-72) #13095 TOPO Engrs. Bn (Manila, PI '46/47) 258th FA Bn. #15943 645th Port Company #18854 Jolly Green Assn. #13704 #22719 268th/g40th FA Bn.'s (WWII) #10092 671st Port Bn., D Co. #19424 OCS 251st Graduates (Natambua, ) 95th Evac. Hosp. (Da Nang, VN 69/72) 272nd FA Bn. - (WWII) #15573 676th Eng. (L) Equip. Co. #19891 #16338 #19276 273rd FA Bn. (WWII) #10868 691st FA Bn. (WWII) #15734 OCS Class 23 TIS (1 1942) #12092 95th Evac. Hospital (WWII) #12376 277th FA Bn. (All Btry's) #15552 692nd TD Bn., A Co. (WWII) #12036 OCS Class 33 (Ft. Riley) #14043 96th Mil. Govt. #19194 281st MP Co. (44/45) #19867 701st MP Bn., D Co. (1941/55) #10802 OCS Engr. Class 8 (Ft. Belvoir, VA 1952) 97th Inf. Div., 386th Rgt., E Co. #15382 283rd FA Bn. (WWII) #15643 701 St Tank Bn. (Vmil) #11393 #11307 97th Inf. Div., 386th Rgt., F Co. #19872 287th Sig. Co. (1942-1993) #21301 712th Tank Bn. (WWII) #15590 OCS Engrs Class 5 (Ft. Belvoir 1951/52) 97th Inf. Div., 387th Rgt., E Co. #15632 292nd Engr. (C) Bn. #16507 717th Operating Railroad Batt, A #11492 97th Inf. Div., 387th Rgt., F Co. #20106 293rd Ord. MM Co. #19853 Co,(Ger., WWII 1943-45) #21747 Operation Downfall:25th, 33rd, 41st Inf. 98th Engr. GS Rgt. (Officers, WWII) 294th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) #22180 718th R.O.B. #16154 Div. (WWII) #19232 #13048 300th Engr. Combat Bn. #16152 720th MP Bn. Assn (All Eras) #10481 Otter U-IA/Carlbou CV-2B Assn. #14790 98th Inf. Div. (WWII) #12949 301st FA, Ord. HM Co. #15886 724th MP Bn., C Co. (Iwo Jima) #19208 Sugamo Prison Reunion Assn. (Tokyo, 99th Inf. Bn. (SEP) #20031 303rd Sig. Svc. Bn (50-53) #19209 738th MP Bn, A Co. #19227 WWII) #21680 100th Hwy. Trans. Serv. () 304th Sig. Opn. Bn. (WWII) #21870 738th MP Bn. (Ail Members) #15311 Topographic Engr s (WWII) #13020 #10794 304th Sig. Ops. Bn. (all years) #19854 738th (M) Tank Bn.(Spc) (WWII) #15240 US Claims Service #22653 100th Inf. Div., 375th FA Bn. #15646 330th Harbor Craft Co. #13998 740th Tank Bn. Assn. #21874 WAC: Women's Army Corps Vets Assn. 101st A/B Div. Assn. #16090 334th Ord. Depot Co. #10524 741 St Tank Bn. #19509 #15278 101st Cav. Grp., 101st/116th Recon. Sqs. 337th/1 338th Combat Engrs. #15779 743rd ROB #11075 (WWII) #15717 341 ST Eng. D Co. (WWII) #20157 748th Railroad Oper. Bn. (India, WWII) 102nd AAA Gun Bn, All Btrys (Camp 347th Engr. Avn. Bn, NE Air Comm. #16062 Stewart, GA '50) #19383 (Korea) #19489 750th Tank Bn., B Co. (WWII) #13384 Navy 102nd AAA Gun Bn, Btry. B (Camp Stew- 352nd Searchlight Bn. #20181 750th Tank Bn., Hq Co. (WWII) #19863 ard, GA 1950) #22580 354th MP Co. #13927 761st FA Bn. #20232 2nd NCB Spec. #19843 103rd Inf. Div., 410th Rgt., C Co. (WWII) 362nd AAA S/L Bn, 531st MP Bn, 799th 769th MP Bn., A Co. #10332 5th NCB (WWII) #18339 #15843 MP Co (WWII) #20765 782nd Tank Bn. (ETO WWII) #15212 7th Beach Bn. #22351 103rd Inf. Div., 411th Rgt., L Co. #20789 366th TAC (Danang, '66/68) #19518 783rd MP Bn. (WWII) #15519 9th NCB (WWII) #18568 103rd Inf. Div. (WWII) #21864 368th Engr. Bn. (WWII) #28365 788th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) #22121 16th NCB (WWII) #17436 104th Inf. Div.: "Timberwolves Nat'l 379th AAA Bn. #10465 796th MP Bn, (Vienna 1945/55) #12923 18th NCB /INCL. 2nd Mar. Div. (WWII) Assn." #14883 383rd AAA AW Bn. #20197 801st Avn. Engrs. Bn. #16235 #17835 105th Operation Det, (Camp Stewart, GA 386th AAA AW Bn. #20781 804th Eng. Avn. Bn. #11805 25th NCB Spec. (WWII) #17984 '50) #19384 388th Evac. Hosp. (Camp Atterbury, IN 807th MASH #19394 26th NCB #10443 107th Engr Rgt & Bn Assn (Mich NG) 1950/53) #19360 811th Sig. Serv. Co. (Alaska, 51/53) 58th NCB #12373 #20043 398th AAA, A, B, C, D Co. #19412 #19240 67th NCB Tinian Isl. (WWII) #13516 109th Evac Hospital #28289 3g9th Evac. Hospital (51/54) #19757 815th Tank Destroyer Bn., HQ Co. 70th NCB, 1005th/1006th Dets., 110th Engr. Combat (Pacific) #15277 413th/523rd Ord. Cos. #15826 (WWII) #13313 578th/579th CBMU's #1 1 1 30 110th Evac. Hosp. (ETO, WWII) #22514 421st ASF Band "Charles Banner's Gp." 818th TD Bn. (WWII) #20952 72nd NCB (WWII) #11362 112th Cav. Rgt. Assn. (WWII) #15841 #19882 819th TD Bn. #15629 77th NCB (WWII) #18430 113rd Rgt., F Co. (1940-45)(Formerly of 425th MP Escort Guard Co. (WWII) 826th Engr. Avn. Bn., A Co. #19248 85th NCB (WWII) #10665 44th Inf. Div.) #14999 #13327 835th Engr. Avn. Bn., C Co. (Korea) 96th NCB #19202 121st QM Depot #14075 432nd Eng. Const. Bn. (49/53) #14776 #15760 115th NCB Seabee Vets of America 121st QM Supply Co. #15537 433rd Engr. Water Sply. Co. (1951/53) 836th Engr. Avn. Bn. #10973 (WWII) #17946 121st Trans Truck, 167th HQ Bn (Korea) #13924 845th Ord. Depot Co. #12897 117th NCB #12654 #14219 433rd Signal Bn. #10870 860th Engr. Avn Bn. #16425 123rd NCB #10913 124th Inf Rgt (WWII) #19459 451st Amph. Trk. Co. #20134 865th AAA AW(SP) Bn. (WWII & Korea) 133rd NCB (VIWII) #22516 127th Ord. Co. #13898 455th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) #15405 #16239 301st NCB #19160 30 131st QM Trucl< Co. #21862 464th AAA AW Bn. #20812 869th AAA AW Bn., Hq & Hq Btry. (WWII, 3030 Naval Hosp. "Dirty " #19526 135th Ord. MM Co. #16435 476th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) #15222 HI) #16360 ACORN-28 #19295 138th/ig8th/452nd FA Bns. Assn. (WWI, 478th AAA AW Bn., C Bty. #15550 872nd A/B Engr. Avn. Bn. (WWII) #16423 AFDM-8 (Floating Drydock, ) WWII, Korea, VN) #10370 486th Ord. Evac. Co. #16157 873rd Engr. Avn. Bn. (WWII) #14042 #19870 142nd FA, 142nd Ord. HM Co. #22834 488th Port Bn., 188/189/190/191 Port 874th/875th A/B Engrs #21 1 17 AG-12 Thunderbirds Assn. #17743 147 Amphib. DUKW Bn.-829, 830, 831, Cos. #10811 881st Ord. HAM Co. (1941/45) #14916 Air Group 12 (WWII) #19367 832 Truck Co #19073 497th AAA Gun Bn. (WWII) #22781 892nd Ord., HAM Co. (WWII/Korea) ARSD-60: Banika, Solomon islands 151st Inf. Rgt., D Co. #20674 500 Army Post Unit (Tokyo, 52/53) #16243 #10531 151st Inf. Rgt. (WWil-VN National Guard) #19470 893rd Signal Co., Depot Aviation (WWII) Assn. of Minemen (Active, Reserve, #19848 501st Parachute Inf. Rgt. Assn. (Pira) #15965 Retired) #18086 155th/167th Inf Rgt (WWII) #19460 #16236 896th AAA Bn., 74th CA AA #20276 Aviation Boatswain Mates Assn. (ABMA) 156th Inf. Assoc. #19353 504th MP Bn, B Co. (Pleiku, VN) #12910 899th TD Bn., A Co. #1 1085 #12463 157th Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) #15588 506th/507th QM Bn. (Philippines) 936th Ord. (H) Automotive Co. (WWII) Base Hospital 15 (, Navy 158th RCT, "Bushmasters Assn" & #10754 #19881 3205 1944/46) #17605 Attchd. Units #15623 508th ARCT (1951/52) #16304 945th FA Bn. #10351 Assn. #17665 160th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) #13144 511th Engineer LP. Co #21779 957th Ord., HAM Co. (ETO WWII) CASU-2/CASU-45 (1942/45) #17073 160th General Hospital (WWII) #11103 513th AAA Gun Bn. #15437 #19897 CASU-38 (WWII) #12664 160th Ord. Tire Rep. Co. (Florence, Italy 513th Engr. (LP) Co. (WWII) #16703 974th Engr. Maint. Co. #16308 CATU-Dam Neck, VA (45-46) #19106 44/45) #19293 517th Parachute Combat Team Assn. 981st MP Co. (Vietnam) "Sentry Dogs" CBMU-501 (WWII) #18090 161st FA, 2nd Bn., HQ Btry/ 209th FA Bn, #16164 #12811 CBMU-539 (WWII) #18556 HQ Btry #15891 518th AAA Gun Bn. (WWII) #10891 987th Arm'd Art'y Bn, F (Korea, WWII) CBMU-592 (WWII Eniwetok) #23060 164th Inf. Rgt. Assn. #14419 522nd Engr. Co. #23009 #19573 Columbia Univ.: USNR Midshipmen's 166th Engr. (C) Bn. (ETO, WWII 44/45) 533rd EB & SR, HQ Bn. #16356 987th FA Bn. Assn. #14728 School (1940/45) #10336 #10187 533rd E.B. & S.R. Rgt, All Co.'s incl. 999th AFA Bn. (Korea,50/54) #16409 Crane Div, NSWC, Naval Ord. Sttn. 172nd Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) #18706 #12586 1056th Engr. PC&R Grp. (WWII) #12656 (Louisville, KY) #19611 172nd Station Hospital #19258 534th EB & SR Bn, 4th Brgde (Aus, Pac, 1256th Engr. (C) Bn. (WWII) #15467 CTG-7-3 Boat Pool #10978 176th/228th/967th FA Bns. #16251 Jap 43/46) #19890 1903rd Eng. Avn. Bn. SCARWAF (Korea CUB-10, NOB-3115 (Hollandia, New 176th FA Bn. (Formerly 2nd Bn., 111th 542nd Parachute Inf, A/B Cmd., 467TH 1950/53) #11386 Guinea WWII) #18673 FA Rgt., WWII) #15593 P. F/A#20107 3110th Sig Serv Bn, B Co (, WWII) CUB-15 (Port Hueneme & Okinawa) 1945 179th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) #13939 543rd Trans. Co. (Lt.Truck) APO-122 #20885 #13428 181st QM Dpt. Co., Supply #16437 (Etain France,56/59) #18838 3119th Signal Serv. Bn. (WWII) #10581 Destroyer Escort Sailors Assn (DESA) 186th Engr. Combat Bn. #20330 544th FA Bn, 6th Army (Luzon, Philip- 3197th Sig. Ser. Co. (Rome, Italy 45/46) #22869 186th General Hospital (Fairford, Eng. pines '45) #19474 #19845 Destroyer Mine Force (WWII) #19855 WWII) #12488 547th Engr. (C) Bn. #16046 3483rd Ord., MAM Co. (WWII) #16057 Diesel School, UMC (July42-Sept. 43) 205 CA-AA, B Btry (WWII) #17137 550th AAA AW Bn. (WWII) #22281 3875th Q.M. Gas Sply Co.,C Co. (WWII) #14822 207th MP Co. (1941-45) #11531 552nd AAA (AW) Bn. (WWII) #17046 #19391 Flying Midshipmen Assn. (1946-50) 209th AAA Gp, Hq & Hqs Btry, (Camp 555th/563rd/564th/566th/573rd SAW 4611th/4612th QM Trk Co. (Philippines) #17513 Stewart, GA '50) #19382 Bns. #21872 #10789 Food Service Mgt. Team #22394 209th CA AA Rgt.,72nd/ 421st/ 422nd 557th FA Bn. (WWII) #10569 Accountable Supply ECP-853 #19619 GROPAC 6 & 3247 Tinian Boat Pool Gun Bns. ,898th AW/334th, 335th 558th FA Bn. (WWII) #16455 Aichi Military Govt. Team: Nagoya, (WWII 1944-46) #28356 #15589 561st FA Bn. (WWII) #16587 Japan (WWII) #15781 Harbor Clearance Unit 1 (Vietnam) 212th MP Co. (Vietnam) "Sentry Dogs" 562nd SAW Bn., 1st PItn., A Co. (WWII) ASA: 12th Fid. Sta. "Kuma Kops" (Chi- #14608 #12810 #15839 tose,Japan 60/72) #19275 Inshore Undersea Warfare Group 1 225th AAA, SL Bn. (WWII) #30139 573rd Personnel Co. - (Ft. Bragg) ASA: 13th Field Sta. Assn. #21852 (IUWG-1), Unit 3 (1966/67) #22085 226th AAA SL Bn., B Btry. #11167 #1 5783 ASA: 351st Comm. Recon. Co. #15504 iwo Jima Boat Crews (Higgins Boats) 226th MP Co. (WWII) #15584 579th AAA AW BN, C Btry (WWII) ASA: 353rd Comm. Recon. Co. (Glessen #19851 229th AAA Searchlight Bn. (WWII) #19057 GER 51/54) #13153 LCF-27 Fire Support Grp. #14530 #16334 594th EB & SR (All Depts.) #13687 ASA: 8603 D.U. (Okinawa, 50/56) #19010 LCI (G) 348 #19452 229th Ord., HAM Co. #19852 595th MP (Sentry Dog) #13909 ASA: 8605th AAU (1950-56) #13836 LCI (G) 439 #17354 233rd Engr. Combat Bn. #19334 602nd Engr. Camouflage Bn. #16635 ASC, Ft. Monmouth, NJ (WWII) #19196 LCI (L) 492 (Vmil) #19469 235th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) #16261 603rd Medium Tank Co. #21987 Davy Crockett Weapon System (Ger- LCS (L) 101, "Mighty Midgets" (WWII) 237th Engr. Combat Bn. (WWII) #15728 604th Engr. Camouflage Bn. (WWII) many 61/65) #19136 #11134 245th Engr. (C) Bn, #16102 #10444 Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia #20108 Please turn page

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LCS (L) 1-130 National Assn. #30084 PC-588 (WWII) #12094 USS Cogswell DD-651 #18283 Included) #17525 LCS (L) 128 (1944/46) #17456 PCE-897 #22563 USS Conklin DE-439 #18082 USS ln«in DD-794 Assn. #10482 LCS (L)32 #19449 PCE(R)-851, USS Rockvllle (WWII) USS Conway DD/DDE-507 #10987 USS Jaccard DE-355 #13865 LCT-5 (SW Pacific) #13216 #13292 USS Coontz DLG-9 #22108 USS J. Fred Talbott DD-156/AG-81 LCT (All, Pacific & Europe) #19455 Photo Grp 15/19 (49-51) #19201 USS Corbesier DE-438 #1 1097 #18672 Lion 3-6-8, J5A #14462 PMB Marlner/P5M Marlin Assn. (All USS Cortland APA-75 (WWII) #17649 USS John R. Craig DD-885 #18194 LSM-16 (WWII) #28344 Assignments) #21625 USS Cottle APA-1 47 #1 1 907 USS Joseph P. Kennedy, Jr. DD-850 LSM-289 #18333 ROTC-Tulane Univ. (42-present) #19190 USS Coucal ASR-8 & Divers (All years) (1945/73) #19440 LSM-312 (PTO, WWII) #13883 Seabee Island X-1-Seabee Veterans of #11479 USS Juneau Assn. CL-52/CLAA- LSM-337 #13317 America #18683 USS Cowell DD-547 (all crews) #21165 119/LPD-10 #21777 LSM 394 #19114 Silver Eagles Asso. (Former NAPs) USS Cronin DE-704/DEC-704 (WWII & USS J. Wm Differ DM-31 #14699 LSM-41 #23034 #19206 Korea) #22730 USS Karnes APA-1 75 #17670 LSI\fl-420 (WWII) #23113 SLCU-32 & Boat Pool 1 7 & 1 8 #1 1 31 USS Crux AK-1 1 5 (WWII) #1 0833 USS Kennebago AO-81 (WWII) #17775 LSI\/l-425 #17280 Subic Bay Vets (Spec. Serv., 1970's) USS Cubera SS-347 #16537 USS Kingsbury APA-1 77 #19475 LSM National Assn. #18552 #19788 USS Gushing DD-55/376/797/985 Assn. USS Kitty Hawk AKV-1 #14865 LSM (R) 525 (St. Francis River) #13510 Submarine Veterans of U.S. Nat'l Conv. #17715 USS Kline APD-120 #19306 LST-1018#21601 (All Yrs.) #12345 USS Dashiell DD-659 #18129 USS Lacerta AKA-29 #10397 LST-1 049 #30150 UDT-22 (WWII) #18953 USS Delta AR-9/AK-29 #12216 USS Lamson DD-367 #17573 LST-1059 #18329 Unholy Four: USS Pres. Adams, Jack- USS Diablo SS-479 (WWII) #13768 USS Lang DD-399 #18220 LST-1 091 (WWII) #17608 son, Hayes, & USS Crescent City USS Dickens APA-161 (WWII)(PAC) USS Langley CVL-27 Assn. #21195 LST-1097 Assn. (WWII) #14458 #10280 #11215 USS Lenoir AKA-74 #14025 LST-1 146 #19203 US Asiatic Fleet 4-Stacker USS Dionne DE-261 #18080 USS Lexington CV-2 Club #18112 LST-1 157 (USS Terrell County) #13028 (21-42) #17534 USS Dobbin AD-3 & Destroyers Along- USS Lindenwald LSD-6 (60/67) #19873 LST-240 #17418 US Navy Recruiting Station #18534 side (12-07-41) #18094 USS Lindsey DM-32 #10722 LST-246 #14538 USS Ahrens DE-575 #19270 USS Donnell DE-56/IX-182 #14723 USS Liscome Bay CVE-56 Assn. #18142 LST-313& 286 #10974 USS Alameda County AV-1 (LST-32) USS Dorothea L. Dix AP-67 (WWII) USS Little DD-803/DD-79/APD-4 #17933 LST-325 (WWII) #17879 #11305 #18000 USS Lloyd Thomas DD-764 #18419 LST-345 Association #19230 USS Albemarle AV-5 Assn. #18570 USS Doyen APA-1 (1943/46) #18686 USS Logan APA-1 96 #1 461 LST-398 #18173 USS Albert David DE-1050/FF-1050 USS Doyle DD-494/DMS-34 #18622 USS Longshaw DD-559 #17764 LST-447 (WWII) #18128 #11685 USS Drum SS-228/SSN-677 #21205 USS Luiseno ATF-156 #12112 LST-46 #14696 USS Alcor AK-259 (Korea to Present) USS Duplin AKA-87 #19239 USS Luzon ARG-2 (All Years) #18268 LST-461 #17976 #12892 USS Earl K. Olsen DE-765 (WWII, Korea) USS Lyman DE-302 #23152 LST-478 #18186 USS Alexander Hamilton SSBN-617 #14184 USS MacDonough (12-7-41) #13309 LST-486 (WWII) #19296 #13877 USS E.E. Elmore DE-686 #19269 USS MacDonough DLG-8/DDG-39 LST-50 #21424 USS Altair AD-1 1 Assn. #18361 USS Elden DE-264 #12295 #19438 LST-528 #22819 USS Anchor ARS-13 (WWII) #20967 USS Elmore APA-42 #17562 USS Macon CA-132 Assn. #11212 LST-54 #12510 USS Andromeda AKA-15 #17339 USS Enterprise CV-6 Assn. (Incl. Air USS Maddox DD-731/622/168 Assn. LST-543 #19448 USS Anthony (DD-515) #21812 Groups) #30098 #17411 LST-547 #18978 USS APc-14 (all WWII APc sailors) USS Enterprise CVA(N)/CVN-65 Assn. USS Mahan DD-364/DLG-1 1/DDG- LST-621 Assn. #17753 #1 9899 #14381 42/DDG-72 Assn. #18312 LST-623 #12363 USSArcherfish AGSS-311 #13806 USS Ernest G. Small (DD/DDR-838) USS Makassar Strait CVE-91/VC-97 LST-667 #18020 USS ARD, Dry Dockers Assn. #12286 #13416 #23094 LST-695 Survivors Assn. #22961 USS Arenac APA-1 28 #21 1 48 USS Escambia AO-80 (WWII) #21414 USS Manila Bay CVE-61 (WWII) #18646 LST-708 #22733 USS Argonaut SS-475 #13236 USS Fabius ARVA-5/USS Aventinus, USS Mansfield DD-728 #17615 LST-713#19229 USS Aucilla AO-56 Assn. #18676 ARV(E)-3 #15416 USS Maryland BB-46 Assn. (1920/47) LST-720 #19137 USS Audrain APA-59 #17812 USS Fairview E-PCE(R) 850 #17428 #17421 LST-818#14536 USS Bache DD-470 #21176 USS Fergus APA-82 #21216 USS Maury DD-401 (WWII) #14375 LST-833 #18182 USS Bainbridge DD-246 #18098 USS Firedrake AE-14 #19193 USS McCloy FF/DE-1038 #14408 LST-851 (WWII) #18566 USS Bairoko CVE-115 Assn. #17366 USS Flasher SSN-613 #19260 USS McDougal DD-358/AG-126 #18611 LST-856 (WWII) #13500 USS Barbican ACM-5 #18310 USS Franklin D. Roosevelt CVB/CVA/CV- USS McNair DD-679 #12719 LST-858 AGC-7 (Recomm. ARL-26 Dec. USS Barney DD-149 (1919/45) #11026 42 (Air Wings, Marines, Flag Unit) USS Measure AM-263 #17631 1947) #28342 USS Barr DE-576 #19267 #17996 USS Medusa AR-1 #17766 LST-864 #19713 USS Beale DD/DDE-471 #18516 USS Franks DD-554 #1 61 50 USS Megrez AK-1 26 #10638 LST-898 (WWII/KOREA) #17991 USS Bellatrix AKA-3 (WWII) #13097 USS Gage APA-1 68 (1944-46) #14545 USS Miami CL-89 Assn. #10943 LST-902 (Korea) #19642 USS Benham DD-796 (1952/70) #19865 USS Gainard DD-706 #21170 USS Midway CV-41 Assn. #22734 LST-907 #17876 USS Benson DD-421 #17808 USS Gamble DM-15/DD-123 #18242 USS Minneapolis CA-36 Assn. (Incl. Mar. LST-908 #17639 USS Bergall SS-320/SSN-667 #11046 USS Gantner DE-60/APD-42 (WWII) Det.) #17343 LST-964 #18044 USS Betelgeuse AK-260 #14676 #18455 USS Mississippi (EAG-128) #19885 LST-975 #13999 USS Bigelow DD-942 #19213 USS General A. E. Anderson AP-111 USS Mobile CL-63 (Incl. Marines) LTV Repair Camponet #2 (Albany CA USS Birmingham CL-62 (Midwest #22174 #18011 WWII) #19892 Reunion) #19192 USS General H.W. Butner AP-113 USS Monterey (CVL-26) & Air Groups Manicani Island Assn. Philippines (1945- USS Blackfin SS-322 (1944-1994) #28306 #13120 46) #21803 #17915 USS General R.E. Callan AP-139 (Incl. USS Montour APA-1 01 #14722 MATS VRS-3/6/7/8/22 & Nat Wings USS Blair DE-147 (WWII) #19446 Army & Marines) #14008 USS Morris DD-417 (1940-45) #21285 #11126 USS Bond AM-152 (1943/45) #11579 USS George A. Johnson DE-583 #10236 USS Morton DD-948 #19861 Mine Warfare Test Sta. (Solomons Is., USS Bon Homme Richard CV/CVA-31 USS George E. Badger DD-196/AVD- USS AE-29 #21267 MD 1942/47) #12056 (Incl. Air Grps.) S-1 DIv. (WWII) 3/APD-33 #13186 USS Mount McKinley AGC-7/LCC-7

Mobile Boat Pool #1 ; APL-30 & SERV- #18065 USS Gillespie DD-609 (1942/45) #12852 Assn. (1944/70) #17977 PAC Unit 4 #17780 USS Booth DE-170 (1943/45) #11556 USS Gleaves DD-423 Assn. #17782 USS Munson DD-698 #10770 NAMRU-2 (WWII) #10338 USS Bougainville CVE-100 #18860 USS Goldsborough DD-188/APD-32 USS Mustin DD-413/Hornet CV-8 Sur- NAS Glenview (IL) #19166 USS Breton CVE-23 #17846 #18626 vivors #18376 NAS Maui, Puunene, T.H., Attached USS Briareus AR-12 (WWII & Korea) USS Gridley DD-380 #17734 USS Myles C. Fox DD-829 #13112 Units, Mar. & Waves #11313 #17588 USS Griffin AS-13 #17918 USS Naifeh DE-352 #17819 NAS Terminal Island (CA) #19221 USS Bronstein DE-189 #19479 USS Grimes APA-1 72 #11978 USS Narwhal SSN-671 #18231 NAS Willow Grove, Patrol Sq. 64 (PA) USS Brownson DD-868 #22646 USS Gunston Hall LSD-5 (WWII-Present) USS Natrona APA-214 #22035 #19752 USS Buckley DE-51 #18248 #22214 USS Nevada BB-36/SSBN-733 #28362 Warfare School-Yorktown USS Bumper SS-333 #21201 USS Half Moon AVP-26 #14470 USS Niagara Falls AFS-3, USS Castor Va.(1942-1958) #20282 USS Burrfish SS/SSR-312 #19607 USS Halibut SSN-587 #13238 AKS-1 #13744 NavSecGrpAct, Todendorf #17695 USS Butte AE-27 #21410 USS Halsey Powell DD-686 #13029 USS Nicholas DD/DDE-449 NAVSECGRU Submarine Dirsup #19686 USS Calvert APA-32 #17817 USS APA-1 16 (1944/46) #20880 (WWII,Korea,VN) #17466 Navy Convair (R4Y, C131) Assciation USS CA-70/CAG-2 (Inc Mar. USS Harris APA-2 #1 1 105 USS Niobrara AO-72 #1 1954 #19086 Det) (43/71) #10038 USS Harry Lee APA-1 0 (WWII) #22586 USS Norman Scott DD-690 #17698 Navy Scouting Sqdns., VS-50/VS-65/VS1- USS Candid AM-154 (1943/45) #11582 USS Harwood DDE-861 (all years) USS North Carolina BB-55 Assn. #17623 D14 WWII Assn. #17546 USS Capable AM-155 (1943/45) #11581 #19109 USS Oconto APA-187 #11648 NJ Tin Can Sailors #18677 USS Captivate AM-156 (1943/45) #18115 USS Haven AH-12 #12508 USS Odax SS-484 #11271 NRS Wailupe/Wahiawa NPM (41/45) USS Caravan AM-157 (1943/45) #11690 USS Hawkins DD/DDR-873 #17949 USS Oglala ARG-1 #19237 #19896 USS Carbonero SS-337 (All crew mem- USS Haynsworth DD-700 #21467 USS Okanogan APA-220 #14368 NTC Great Lakes: Boot Camp 258 bers) #18801 USS Hazelwood DD-531 #18028 USS Oklahoma BB-37 Assn #17830 #19105 USS Carter Hall LSD-3 #21839 USS Heermann DD-532 (WWII) #20058 USS Oriskany CVA-34 (Incl. Air Grps.) NTC Great Lakes: Co. 328 (1943) USS Castlerock AVP-35 (WWII, 1944/46) USS Henry A. Wiley DM-29 #1 1228 #10615 #19223 #22120 USS Henry T. Allen AP-30/APA-15 USS Osage LSV-3 (WWII) #12421 NTC Great Lakes, Co. 453 (1942) USS Castor AKS-1 #1 1204 (WWII) #13495 USS Ozbourn DD-846 #22619 #13348 USS Catamount LSD-17 #13387 USS Hesperia AKS-1 3 #10859 USS Pakana ATF-108 (WWII) #18049 NTC Great Lakes: Co's 29-33 (1939) USS Caution AM-158 (1943/45) #11580 USS Heyliger DE-510 #11667 USS Payette County LST-1079 #19185 #15373 USS Charles R. Ware DD-865 #17701 USS Hobby DD-610 (1942-45) #18535 USS Perch SS (I & II) #11628 Nurse Corps Assn. #17726 USS Charles S. Sperry DD-697 Assn. USS Hobson DD-464/DMS-26 #19586 USS Perkins DD/DDR-877, DD-377, DD- Patrol Craft Sailors Assn (CG, Navy) #18038 USS Hoggatt Bay CVE-75 (IncI.Emb.Sq. 26 #10607 WWII #18507 USS Chauncey DD-667 #18109 VC-1 4/88/99) #10377 USS Peter H. Burnett IX-104 #20429 PBY (Catallna) International Assn. VP- USS Chevalier DD/DDR-805 #17575 USS Horace A. Bass APD-124 #18679 USS Phoenix CL-46 #18540 53/VP-73 (All Hands) #22815 USS Chowanoc ATF-100 #19046 USS Hudson DD-475 #1 1008 USS Point Defiance LSD-31 #12663 PC-1133 #14857 USS Cincinnati CL-6 #17887 USS Hugh L. Scott AP-43 (WWII) #22378 USS Pompon SS/SSR-267 #21234 PC-462, YMS-6, APC-14 (WWII) #13163 USS Clamagore SS-343 #10398 USS Hyperion AK-1 07 #18350 USS Preble (DD-345/DM-20/DLG- PC-566 #19250 USS Cod SS-224 #19255 USS Idaho BB-42 Assn. #17859 P/ease turn page PC-579 #21503 USS Coghlan DD-606 #10282 USS Indiana BB-58 Assn (Marines

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USS Turner (DD/DDR-834) #13556 #22530 & Abbote RIpton ) #16861 1905th & 1906th Ord. Amm. Co. (Avn.) USS Turner Joy DD-951 #22995 31st Trans. Gp. (WWII) #19886 5th AF, 679/703/1 022/1 536/1 537/1 539th #13232 US Submarine PCGY (WWII) #19817 34th Bombardment Gp., 18th Sq. #19858 Ord Go's (SW Pac, WWII) #10274 4145th Base Unit Consolidated Mod. USS Ulvert M. Moore DE-442 (WWII) 34th Bombardment Gp., 391st Sq. 5th AF, 679/703/1 022/1 536/1 537/1 539th Center #19840 #12481 #19857 Ord.Cos (WWII) #12383 Ardmore Army Airfield, OK #17963 USS Union AKA-106 (1951/55) #19738 35th Fgtr. Grp., 40th Fgtr. Sq. (39/54) 5th Bomb Grp.(H), 23/31 /72/394th Sqs, ATC: North African Div 1943/46 #13862 USS Van Vallcenburgh DD-656 (WWI- #19567 4th Recon Sq (WWII) #16912 Avn. Cadet Class 42-B #13339 Korea) #18521 36th Air Police Sq. (Germany, 1948/53) 6th AAF, 274th Bomb. Sq. (Rio Hato Avn. Cadet Class 42-K #19061 USS Vesole DD/DDR-878 (WWII, #12504 AFB, Panama 45/48) #19846 Avn. Cadet Class 43-E #12088 1945/76) #10041 36th Motor Veh. Sq. (Germany, 1948-52) 7th AF, HQ & HQ Sq. (PTO WWII) Cadet Pilot Class 45-B (Luke Field, AZ) USS Vesuvius AE-15 (WWII) #17095 #13529 #20455 #28351 USS VIncennes CA-44/CL-64/CG-49 43rdMR&RSq. #15171 8th AF, 1st BAD, 21st Air Dpt. Grp. (Eng. P-47 Thunderbolt Pilots Assn. (WWII) #18257 45th Bomb Sq. (Schilling AFB 53/60, '42/45) #16744 #16839 USs Wahoo SS-565 #19419 Forbes AFB 60/64) #19587 8th AF, 381st Bomb Grp.(H) Memorial Pampa Army Airfield #18707 USS Wainwrlght DD-62/419,DLG-28/CG- 47th/48th TCS (Forbes AFB, KA 1965-68) Assn. (WWII, Eng.) #10245 Peyote Army Air Base, TX #16056 28 (All Years/All Co) #17578 #14969 8th AF, 398th Bomb Grp. (H) (WWII) Pilot Class 44-A-1 (NY Univ., Meteorolo- USSWalce Island #19702 58th Ftr Assn.,incl.69th,201st,310th & #16980 Please turn to page 57

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The establishment of a more peace- the Nicaraguan contras or the Afghan DO WE HAVE ONE? ful and democratic world order is an rebels, and coalition efforts like we had American desire, not a core national- in Iraq— may be needed again tomor- Continuedfrom page 22 security interest that justifies military row. These tools diminished the neces- intervention and the sacrifice of Ameri- sity for— or at least limited the size can lives. Not every desirable goal is of— a direct American troop role. They worth equal sacrifice, and military can function that way again. sacrifice in a balance voters would sup- action must remain rooted in clear Multilateralism can play an impor- port. The difficulty with military inter- national interests. It cannot be justified tant role in this context— not because vention for purposes other than direct by broad and often vague international collective action is morally superior to national interest is not only that it risks goals which require special sacrifices narrow American actions, as many American lives or prestige, but also of Americans while benefiting all coun- Clinton administration officials appear defies public opinion. The lesson of 75 tries equally. to believe. Nor is it because the United years of American involvement in for- America's great strength makes Nations can analyze security problems eign wars is that even with American some military actions appear almost and then devise and implement plans of security at stake, it is extremely diffi- risk-free. But a world of increased action to solve them. Rather, it is that cult to arouse and maintain public sup- temptations to intervene only under- joint action both lowers the risk to port. Without a clear national- security lines the need for restraint. The willing- Americans and demonstrates that oth- element, such efforts are doomed. ness of the American people to sustain ers back our policies. This increases There remain many "nations of an engaged and active foreign policy public acceptance of the task ahead. eternal war" in whose affairs it would has its limits. American support for the The American aversion to foreign be folly to intervene. Haiti and Somalia expansion of democracy will be entanglements is a permanent feature of are good examples. No threat to our strengthened, and can only be main- our political life. It was diminished— national security could have come from tained, if those limits are remembered but never suspended — by the two those poor nations, so why were we and respected. world wars and the Cold War. Ameri- there? Humanitarian relief is a reason cans will accept our nation's necessary for a brief use of the military, as we Solutions For A New Century position as leader of the international sometimes do in disaster relief situa- There are two clear instances of system, unless it appears to require the tions, but slipping into the endless task acceptable grounds for military inter- endless sacrifice of their sons and of "nation building" is a costly error. vention other than those already dis- daughters in combat. Those who Somalia today looks pretty much the cussed. These are terrorism and pro- believe that leadership is vital to peace way it did before we came; Haiti a year liferation. Enormously destructive must distinguish it from military inter- or two after we leave will, too. weapons in the hands of enemies of the ventionism that will poison the Ameri- United States, whether they be govern- can people's willingness to accept international responsibilities. A foreign Revolutionary "2-in-1 ments or terrorist groups, constitute a threat that can easily be explained to policy worth the name can make that the American people. Terrorist actions distinction between real leadership TRIMMER/ responsibilities and gratuitous interven- that injure or risk American safety here or overseas are similar, justifying mili- tions, and explain that distinction to the MOWER American people. tary action that is at once punitive and Takes the place of both your hand-held Today, alas, our government cannot trimmer and sleel-bladed mower! deterrent. The overwhelming support The DR* TRIMMER/MOWER Americans gave to Operation Desert seem to do either one. rolls "light as feather" two a on Storm reveals a public understanding of BIG WHEELS! TRIMS far easier, better, more precisely both the terrorism and the proliferation than hand-held trimmers. Plus issues, as well as the economic and MOWS everything from whole resource issues — in this case, oil. COMRADES IN DISTRESS lawns (even wet!) to tough, waist- will also play a central role, high growth with ease! Rocks, Geography Readers who can help these veterans are urged to roots, stumps, etc., do it no harm rallying public support for actions near write a witness letter, including the CID number. Send the because the "DR®" has no steel our borders— Grenada, for example— letters to CID, The American Legion Magazine, Box 1055, blade to bend or dull. Perfect for • 46206. that would be unpopular were the loca- Indianapolis IN ALL mowing and trimming Notices are published only at the request of American around smaller properties, tions distant and seemingly unrelated to Legion Service Officers representing claimants using Search for Witness Forms available from Legion Depart- vacation homes American security. ment Service Officers. etc., or for finish- The natural inclination to keep a up mowing and A Co., 72nd Tank Bn., 2nd Inf. Div. Thomas Henry trimming after close watch over events near our bor- Whitman needs witnesees to verify that he was a riding mowers ders is, of course, a holdover from the patient at the 98th General Hospital at Munich, Ger- on larger par- Tou. many in March/April 1953, due to hepatitis, yellow Monroe Doctrine, and is understood cels. A delight FKf£ jaundice and cirrhosis of the liver contacted from a for anyone and accepted by the public. blood transfusion after he was wounded in his left hip and groin area. Contact CID 1289. to use! Ft. Campbell, Ky. Bernard Strlcidand needs witnesses Please mail this coupon today for FREE DETAILS NTERVENTION need not imply all- to verify while going through basic training in about the Revolutionary DR* TRIMMER/ MOWER August, 1969, he injured his right foot when he j out American military action. In including prices of Manual and Electric-Starting] stepped on a pungi sticlc. Contact CIO 1290.

I. Dnistranslcy wit- Models, "Off-Season" Savings now in effect, and 30- bridging the gap between the need to Sheppard AFB, Texas John needs nesses to verify that while assigned to the 3780th Day Risk-Free Trial. There is no obligation. u act and the public's willingness to Student Sqd., on Nov. 24, 1966, he hurt his neck and & Name accept foreign entanglements, we might bacl( when he fell off a fire ladder at Barracks 630. Address Contact CID 1287. , study the methods used by American g USS Kearsarge (CVS-33) Michael Rea Hudson needs City State ZIP leaders before and during the Cold witnesses to verify that while he was stationed

To: COUNTRY HOME PRODUCTS", Dept. 634 i the ship Dec. 1967, there was a ship- War. Yesterday's tools— covert action aboard on 23, Ferry Road, Box 89, Charlotte, VT 05445 I board fire and he was a member of one of the fire through the CIA, the use of proxies like parties. Contact CID 1288.

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Allow up. to 6-8 weeks >fqT shipment. Full year money- , back guarantee excludir^ shipping & handlin|. ©J985 gey yd., IzWghaines Qrlv^, Westbury, NY 1 1590 54560B.Q>95 PIM the 148 soldiers. Marines and airmen sympathy might have shifted, and we WHAT WE WON lost during Desert Storm. "That's a would have come out looking like bul- blessed occurrence when you take on a lies." Continued page 25 from million-man army," says Kelly. "When you capture 60,000 and you destroy 70 SOME legitimate concerns do percent of the equipment and get that remain. When and if sanctions are few people killed, that's God's bless- lifted, Iraq could launch a massive dam's reluctance to push a second ing. Baghdad is a big city, we would military build-up. Saddam's biggest incursion into Kuwait in October 1994. have been fighting block to block. And handicap right now is the U.N. ban on Saddam initially tested the waters by you had no guarantee you were going Iraq's exports of oil to all countries sending a contingent of tanks manned to get Hussein anyway." except Jordan, whose purchases are by 80,000 elite troops of the Republi- In addition, there were serious supposedly tied to Iraq's repayment of can Guards to the U.N. buffer zone political questions: a $400 million debt. But Jordan contin- along the Kuwaiti border. He threat- • If we toppled Saddam and then ues to export a wide range of supplies ened to stop cooperating with the U.N. left, would we have destabilized the to Iraq, while allowing Iraq to use its Special Commission on Iraq unless region? country as a shipping base. This under- sanctions were lifted. The next day, Says Kelly, "We didn't want to see cuts the embargo. President Bill Clinton cautioned Sad- Iraq destroyed because that would have Equally troublesome is the behavior dam about "repeating mistakes of the created another vacuum in the Middle of France, Germany and Russia. Some past." By mid-October, the United East, and vacuums get filled rapidly." 70 German-based companies are under States had committed nearly 40,000 Observers note that Syria, Turkey investigation for alleged breaches of troops, more than 600 aircraft and a and Iran all have claims against Iraqi U.N. sanctions against Iraq. France's naval to the threatened area. territory, just as Iraq has claims against role is even more wonisome. Up to and By then, however, Saddam had already those nations. "The biggest threat in the during the Iraq-Iran war, the French pulled his forces back. Middle East for the immediate future is competed with the Soviets as major Iran," adds Kelly. "Had we destroyed military suppliers to Saddam. And in MPRESSIVE as all this may be, Iraq, we would have strengthened January of this year, France announced there's an even more powerful rebut- Iran." it would soon establish a diplomatic

I • I tal to Gulf War naysayers: The total On the other hand, if we'd toppled presence in Baghdad. Then there is the victory they sought would have come Saddam and stayed. . . ? report of a secret multi-million-dollar at too high a price. We would have been responsible for arms deal between Baghdad and To begin with, more Americans governing Iraq, says McNaugher. Moscow expected to take effect as soon would have been killed— far more than "We'd probably still be there. It would as the sanctions are lifted. have been a complete mess." As it stands now, however, sanc- Quips Kelly, "You would have tions have bitten deep, and Iraq is in owned the country, and you would shambles. By mid-February, 1995 — have had to pay for it— tens of billions four years after the allied victory — OF.VMEIUCA of dollars the United States simply inflation had reached 2,400 percent. All ************** Tichetlo doesn't have." He also conjures visions reports agree that at night the streets of of "another Lebanon" where "you wind Baghdad are deserted for fear of street up getting the troops picked off two or crime. Overwhelmingly, the people are Freedom! three a day, then somebody parks a poor, except for the privileged few truck outside the barracks." around Saddam. • If the United States came in and As for Saddam personally? It ran Iraq, would Arab countries resent it? appears that his bold foray into Kuwait Experts agree that Arab leaders has not increased his stock. After he would have had great difficulty, in invaded a fellow Arab country, his Kelly's words, with "the idea of a standing in the Arab world went down Western power taking over one of their drastically, says Korb. fellow Arab nations." And what of the media image of • Would this alienation have hurt Saddam as some brilliant military and broader U.S. goals in the Middle East? political tactician who supposedly had m^^^ Kelly says, "A U.S. takeover of Iraq the last laugh? McNaugher scoffs, "He .[jsy to Transport would have set back Mideast peace overplayed his hand at every point in efforts by at least 50 years. We worked that crisis. He could have had the top our asses off with the Israelis during third of Kuwait. In fact, on July 29th, For a FREE the war to convince them to let us [han- 1990, he could have had 70 or 80 per- Lark brochure call: dle Iraq] so we wouldn't have this con- cent of what he wanted out of Kuwait flict after the war." through diplomacy. So I would not l-eOO-544-3S3G "Furthermore, fighting a limited war credit him with a whole lot of intelli- Ol'I.KAIOK #3016 in the Gulf helped U.S. foreign-rela- gence." F.ARK OF AmKRICA tions objectives. [There] was a concern Nor, in the end, does McNaugher P.O. Box 1647 that this was just wanton slaughter as think much of Saddam's political Waukesha, Indepeodence Wl dramatized by that 'highway of strength: "I don't think Saddam has any 53IH7-I647 death,'" says Korb. "If we had pushed mass following anywhere — even in our advantage and massacred all the Baghdad. He just happens to have remaining Iraqi troops, the international power."

56 Tut AMtRICAiM LcGlON gy) #19878 included (WWII) #10300 Grove, NC 1944/45) #18998 regldor (NafI Assn.) #13480 Pilot Classes 44 G/H/l/J (WWII) #14972 4th Rgt. (Corregldor/Bataan) #17130 VMTB-242 (WWII) #17193 American WWII Orphans Network 5th Mar., 3rd Bn., India Co. (Vietnam) Washington Navy Yd. Guard Co./Bldg. #12098 #19887 #58 (8th & l,To 1975) #11529 Bataan & Corregidor Survivors (Other Marines 5th Mar. DIv. ,27th Rgt. ,1st Bn.,HQ Far East Ex-POWs) #10388 C0..81MM Ptn. (1/27 Iwo JIma WWII) CBI Veterans Assn. (WWII, All Branches) #17093 #17256 1st Mar., 1st Bn. (VN 65/68) #19871 CBI Vets Assn. Of Iowa Basha #21736 5th Mar. Rgt., 3rd Bn., (Korea, 50/53) Coast Guard 1st Mar. Air Wing Assn. (Vietnam) #19502 Civilian Conservation Corps Camp #20170 Ammo Loading Detail (Port Edwards, Raleigh #14516 6th Mar. DIv. Assn. (National) #17188 1st Mar DIv, 1st Arm'd Amphib Tractor BC) #17008 Escort Carrier Sailors & Airmans Assn 8th & I Marines (1951/54) #13087 Bn (Korea) #15339 CGC Dexter #19877 (ECSAA) NATIONAL #22100 10th Amp. Trac. Bn., C Co. (WWII) 1st Mar. DIv., 1st Rgt., 1st Bn., C Co. Coast Guard Constr. Units 26/211/390/93 Ex-Prisoners of War, National (all eras) #13528 (WWII) #21297 #17023 #19393 10th Defense AAA Bn. (WWII) #17080 Pacific 1st Mar. Div., 1st Rgt., 2nd Bn. (Vietnam Coastguardsmen CIty.OR (43/44) GItmo Bay, Cuba (1950-Present) #22914 12th Marine Network, 3rd Bn. (Vietnam) 1965/71) #14799 #19290 Guantanamo Bay, Cuba (73/77) #19371 #22113 LST-168 #10298 1st Mar. Olv., 26th Rgt., 3rd Bn., K Co. Korean Veterans (1950/55) #19592 Assn. N.China) LST-23 #22243 (1969-70) #12838 22nd Marines (WWII & Korean Veterans Assn. (Nebraska) #18990 LST-69 #20993 1st Mar DIv, 5th Rgt, 1st Bn, C Co. (1950/55) #22853 LST-786 (WWII-Vletnam) #30053 (Korea) #19600 26th Rgt., 1st Bn., B Co. 3rd Pit. (66/67) Korean War Veterans Nat'l. Assn. (40th LST-886 (WWII) (CG Manned) #17034 1st Mar. DIv., 5th Rgt., 2nd #19884 Aniv.) #10914 Bn., E Co. USCGC Campbell W-32 (WMEC-909 (VN,'67/68) #11599 Boot Camp, Parrls Isl., PItn. 312 (1946) : Isl. (1940s/19S0s) #19241 Invited) 1936-82 #17059 1st Mar. Div., 5th Rgt., Hq. & Serv. Co. #11237 USCGC Modoc W-46: N. Atlantic Con- #11741 C-1-5 China Marines #19330 LST Assn. (PA Chapter) #19287 voys (1941/45) #17036 2nd Airdrome Bn., 17th HQ MAG-32 (VMF-321/322/323, 1943/45 Marine/Navy Parachute Units (WWII) AAA Bn. (WWII) USCGC Taney (1936/86) #12655 NC Phlllpines) #19571 #17132 #21009 USS Cepheus AKA-18 Alumni MAG-61 (WWII) #17199 NAS Kaneohe Bay, "Kaneohe Kllppers" 2nd Arm'd Amphib. Tank Bn. (WWII) (V\WII)(43/46) #17042 Mar. Corps Air Trans. Assn. (All (1939/50, Navy/Marines) #20929 #17197 USS Coos Bay AVP-25, CG Cutter W-376 VMR/VMGR Sqs.) (MCATA) #17076 NAS Twin Cities (Minnesota) #10261 2nd Mar. DIv., 2nd Med. Bn., D Co. (WWII) #11590 Nat'l Korean War Veterans Reunion (Men (WWII) #23075 Marine Air Traffic Control Assn. USS Corpus ChrlstI PF-44 (WWII) & Women) #19228 2nd Mar Div., 2nd Rgt., 1-2-3 Bns Rgt. (MATCA) All Eras #22388 #19458 NOB (China) #19596 WPNS (WWII) #19305 Marine Corps Mustang Assn. (Active Rockford PF-48 #14693 USS Overseas Veterans Assn. (WWII) #19099 3rd Amph. Corps Signal Bn. #17212 Duty/Reserve/Veterans) #17209 USS Samuel Chase APA-26 (WWII) US Forces in Austria Veterans (1945/55) OCS 41st Class & 44th Reserve Officers 3rd Amphib. Corps Signal Bn., B Co. #10284 #17247 (WWII) #17106 Class (1944) #14811 USS Cannon DE-99 (WWII) #19289 3rd Mar. DIv., 12th Rgt., 4th Bn., L Btry. Subic Bay Survivors #23067 USS Intensity (CG & Navy) #22395 Tri-State Area MC League (PA, OH, WV) (Vietnam) #17099 USS Lansing DE/DER-388, USCGC WDE- #13885 Merchant Marine 3rd Mar. DIv., 3rd Rgt., 1st Bn., C Co. 488 #17025 (1942/45) #11011 USMC Tankers Assn. #17156 US Merchant Marine Vets (WWII) Kansas USS Lowe DE-325 (WWII) #21731 3rd Mar. Div., 9th Rgt., 1st Bn., A Co. USS Missouri BB-63 (1947/51) Mar. Det. Chptr. #12111 USS Nevada BB-36 #13634 #13963 #10343 USS Springfield Assoc., CL-66, CLG-7, 3rd Recon. Bn., D Co. (Vletnam-65) VMB-413 (WWII) #21041 SSN-761, incl. Marines #19599 #19117 VMF-114 (WWII) #23036 Vets Apprec. Banquet (N.E.S.U.) #19005 4th Inf. Bn., B Co. (USMCR) (Activated In VMF(N)/VMFAW/VMFA-531 #22588 Miscellaneous Vietnam Veterans, Inc. (Nebraska) Aug 1950) #17152 VMSB-133 (Incl. MAG-24 Units) #17113 #10950 4th Mar. Amph. Tractor Bn. (WWII) VMSB-243, "The Flying Goldbricks" 6th Stat. Control Unit (Maxwell Field, AL) Warbrldes (WWII) #19614 #17218 (WWII) #21543 #19849 Wisconsin Place-Named Ships of WWII 4th Mar. DIv., 23rd Rgt., F Co.;Navy VMSB-931 (Eagle Mount l^ke, TX & Oak American Defenders of Bataan & Cor- (50th Annlv.) #18829

Vietnam

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AUGUST1995 57 Which brings us to the second There is no mistaking the implica- BLOODLESS WAR major issue at hand. Given our grow- tions here: We should be prepared to ing aversion to casualties and drawn- abandon a military mission as soon as Continued from page 27 out operations, an enemy commander the goal is achieved, or as soon as it

need not vanquish us on the battle- becomes clear that the original goal is field. He must succeed only at keeping unachievable. To simply allow the the U.S. wolf from the door. conflict to spread into a prolonged and the face of mounting casualties. Like it As long as he is not losing, he is aimless squandering of lives and or not, America is not as supportive of winning. resources is ultimately self-defeating the military as it once was. Earlier in Ancient Chinese philosopher of and allows America to become an our nation's history, the political back- war, Sun Tzu, specifically warned unwitting tool for the foreign-policy biting would stop as soon as the troops against this when he said, "Victory is objectives of other nations. were given their marching orders; the main object in war. If it is long Americans uniformly rallied behind delayed, troops become demoralized FORMER senior U.N. represen- the troops in World War II and Korea, and their strength exhausted. When A tative in Sarajevo told an audi- believing it was their patriotic duty to this happens your enemy will take ence at the U.S. Army's Com- do so. advantage of your state. So, though mand and General Staff College that Not so today. Political "hawks" no there may be blundering swiftness in Bosnian government officials, as well longer can count on the unqualified war, there is no clever operation that as Serb officials, wanted U.S. forces support of the American public, was protracted.... Because of this, the on the ground immediately. They because the public no longer accepts country squanders its wealth by wanted this so they could immediately the doctrine that it must suspend its engaging in ineffective wars." start killing American troops, thereby opposition to a given combat opera- We learned this lesson firsthand in getting the U.S. public involved in the tion just because American troops are Vietnam. After the war it became conflict on "their side." at risk. Indeed, since the days of Viet- fashionable to propose that we ulti- Regardless of the nobility of our nam, many citizens have come to feel mately failed because we did not use motives, or the ghastly pictures shown duty-bound to oppose military action all of our available force against them. each night on television, we must be precisely because troops are at risk. Regardless of the merit of the argu- extremely wary of becoming involved They do not see such protest as disloy- ment, that is precisely the point: In sit- militarily in conflicts where the al or unpatriotic. uations like Vietnam, Grenada, Pana- hatreds run deep and the likelihood of Further, the American people are ma, the Gulf and Haiti, we did not political compromise is all but nonex- less tolerant of casualties in areas engage in an all-out effort because the istent. where our national interests are political goals did not call for all-out Clearly a protracted war such as the unclear, or where we have few if any war. The establishment or preservation one being waged in the former emotional ties. It can be hard to work of a peaceful and democratic Vietnam Yugoslavia is the last type of conflict up a lot of sentiment for battles fought clearly did not entail our risking all- America should want to buy into. Sim- in Bosnia, where the people have out war with the Soviets or Chinese. ilar pitfalls await us in various parts of strange names and incomprehensible Sometimes, observers outraged at the Mideast. customs, or whose populace and lead- high losses may demand all-out war. This is not to say we should ignore ers historically have denounced us as In a RAND study prepared for the conflict. But, we must be prepared to "the ugly American." Army, Benjamin Schwarz used poll use other instruments of national data to show that the majority of power— political, economic and diplo- THESE are key considerations that Americans did not support the "pre- matic—to help terminate it. Our politi- must be faced by American politi- mature" withdrawal of forces in cal leaders must consider using force cal leaders contemplating the use Korea, Vietnam and even the Gulf. only with clearly defined goals of of military force. Consider a scenario Indeed, as casualties mounted in what is to be achieved, within clearly in which the United States becomes Korea and Vietnam, most Americans defined parameters, and with a clear embroiled in an overseas conflict favored stepping up the tempo of war. understanding of the potential costs where protracted operations are neces- Escalation may be an appropriate involved. Our military leaders must sary; casualties become steady, with option in large-scale wars where the explain to political leaders the nature no clear end in sight. Evidence sug- ultimate aim is full victory. Some of the threat we are facing, the risks gests that the public will turn against experts felt this was the proper way to involved and possible courses of that intervention. When the suicide go in Vietnam and went as far as to action. bombing of a U.S. barracks in urge the use of nuclear weapons. And, if and when the use of the Lebanon took the lives of 238 of the Unfortunately, public pressure for military becomes necessary, the 350 troops stationed there, large num- vengeance in the wake of high or sud- American people and their leaders bers of Americans as well as members den U.S. losses can have the effect of must not assume that QDVMC is the of Congress called for an immediate leading to military operations well norm. We must realize that the nature pullout. beyond the scope of the political goals of war involves the use of force, and The backlash may even be directed involved. the use of force involves the likeli- against the military itself. We saw the If and when this occurs, we may hood of casualties. first signs of this in Vietnam. When end up winning the war, but clearly This does not mean that we are the war dragged on endlessly, the frus- the United States risks losing in the indifferent to the suffering involved. It tration of armchair observers in the forum of world opinion. This could just means that as a nation, we must media and elsewhere was expressed in easily have been the result if we lis- have the collective will to do what widespread skepticism of U.S. mili- tened to the hawks during Desert needs to be done for the greater good tary competency. Storm and laid waste to Baghdad. of America.

58 THE AMERICAN LEGION . .

been to put this immense energy to the The amazing walk-behind brush cutter! use of the Free World and the rest of TRUMAN the worid — if they've got sense enough Continued from page 29 to take advantage of it— so that power The DR® can be used for the welfare of the world and not against it. That's the reason for FIELD and the experiments. That's the reason we tion privileges all over the world. The were carrying them on. That's the rea- Russians refused. Just a short time ago, son we are carrying them on now. BRUSH less than a year, we made an agreement You needn't think that the Russians with Russia to stop atomic explosions. are such angels. They never kept an They immediately, within a few agreement that has been made with MOWER months, broke that agreement. them since World War II. And we The Russians have always been saved them. We sent them $6 billion, against any arms control. They refused $500 million worth of equipment every request that's been made of which caused them to have enough them, and I made as many as three or equipment to come to meet us at Berlin four to have the control of all these when the Second Worid War was over. arms and use atomic energy for peace- The only reason that they could get time purposes. The only way that we there was because we equipped them. can find out how to use it that way is to They've never paid back that lend/ continue our experiments. lease or made any payments on the

I never was in favor of stopping strength of it. They've been asked to those experiments, but it was agreed time and again. to— and the Russians agreed to it. And That's the way they operate, that's they broke that agreement, just as they the way they work. They don't give a broke 32 agreements that they made hoot about what happens to the rest of with me at Potsdam, and broke 16 the worid if they can control it, which I CLEARS & MAINTAINS meadows, agreements that they made with Presi- hope to God they'll never have a pastures, roadsides, fences, wooded and rough non-lawn areas with ease. dent Roosevelt at Yalta. They are not to chance to do. Mows over 1/2 acre per hour! CUTS be trusted. I wouldn't trust a Russian tall grass, weeds, brush, brambles, across the street unless I could see CLARKE: You think then that peace- sumac - even tough saplings up to 1" where going and I had a gun on Russians, as he was ful coexistence with the thick! Plus CHOPS and MULCHES his back. their system is presently set up, is most everything it cuts; leaves NO impossible? TANGLE of material to trip over or CLARKE: Well, Mr. Truman, how to pick up like hand-held brush cutters would you compare the present ruler of President Truman: I certainly and sicklebar mowers. Briggs Stratton Soviet Russia, Nikita Khrushchev, to do. POWERFUL 8HP & engine; optional Electric-Starting. the former leader of Russia, Josef Stal- BIG 20" SELF-PROPELLED Wheels in, whom you dealt with personally? CLARKE: Do you think we have to roll through ditches, furrows, over themselves wait for the Russian people bumps and logs with ease. Perfect for President Truman: I don't to regain their freedom before we can low-maintenance I don't want to know Khrushchev, and deal with them honestly? wildflower meadows. . know him, so I can't give you any European-style woodlots comment on him. Stalin was a very PRESIDENT TRUMAN: i think free of undergrowth. . walking paths easy man to agree with. He was not their oppression has become so great or any area that half as hard to agree with as was they'll do just what every other nation you only want Churchill. And the reason for that was has done. The Russian people are good to mow once his agreements he didn't expect to keep people. It's the 300,000 rulers of the a month... and Churchill did. They are none of Communist Party that cause all the them any good. trouble.

CLARKE: Do you think there is any CLARKE: Thank you, Mr. Truman. 73ct hope at all for an establishment of From former President Truman, the mutual confidence in the beginnings of truth. Please mail coupon y 1(9^ disarmament, the beginnings of a treaty below today for (tlA-Tll^ FREE DETAILS about the Amazing to ban these nuclear tests? At the 1995 Spring Meeting, the Legion's DR FIELD and BRUSH MOWER! National Executive Committee passed Resolu- YES! Please msh complete FREE DETAILS President Truman: I sincerely tion 15, which honors Harry S. Truman and of the DR' FIELD and BRUSH MOWER i hope there is, but the only way that can authorizes the Legion to participate in a cere- including prices, specifications of Manual and] ELECTRIC-STARTING Models and "Off-i be done and done carefully — and the mony Aug. 5 at his gravesite in Independence, Season" Savings now in effect. Mo., which will pay tribute to the President J it to be is to have the way ought done— Name ^' and his accomplishments. power of inspection, because if you For more information about the ceremony, don't have the power of inspection, the City. _ Stale _ write to the Harry S. Truman Appreciation To: COUNTRY HOME PRODUCTS*. DepL 634F Russians will break the agreement. Committee, P.O. Box 3056, Shawnee Mis- Ferry Road, Box 89, Charlotte, VT 05445 And the efforts on our part have always sion. KS 66203.

AUGUST 1995 59 for 35 years and still finds every day Following a cap-and-trenchcoat U. exciting. Government surveys show graduation, students must apprentice ODDBALL that an average of 87 percent of auc- for three years with a private-detective Continuedfrom page 35 tioneering graduates started making agency before they are eligible for a money immediately after training. California license. Previous experience Dewees' school prepares students in law enforcement, military police for everything except tobacco auction- work or related endeavors can reduce another 75 hours of classroom study. eering (which, one assumes, can be ac- the apprenticeship period. The Harris Pupils not only learn rules and regula- complished only with a North Carolina agency itself hires the top students. tions but also receive more sophisticat- accent). The intensive eight-day course Neophyte gumshoes will have to be ed instruction on dealing with assorted alternates between classwork and prac- satisfied with $14 an hour, but once managerial personalities, handling tical exercises. Aside from the basic licensed they can look forward to $55 rhubarbs and spotting illegal pitches. At bid-calling fundamentals of chant, an hour for a basic assignment. At that the end of the course, top candidates rhythm, speed, clarity and gestures, stu- rate, says Speriglio, "Working just 40 are selected to attend a special camp dents also learn about law, accounting hours a week, you can earn $1 14,000 a operated by the Umpire Development and auction psychology. year plus expenses." Of course, many Program. This allows them to compete The course of instruction covers seasoned private investigators work for jobs in the minor leagues, the first auctions involving bankruptcy, farm much longer hours than that. real step on the way to Wrigley Field sales, antiques, autos, real estate, live- The student body includes women and such. stock market selling and household as well as men. And, to shatter another According to Chronicle Guidance goods. Students learn how to deal with myth, being burly is not a prerequisite: Publications, a career and counseling heirs and attorneys in an estate auction One man was just 5 feet 6 inches tall. publisher for high schools and colleges, and— most important— how to judge Nor is being nimble— a female pupil compensation for rookie-league the value of items being auctioned off. weighed in at over 300 pounds. umpires is $1,800 a month during the Above all, they learn that auction- Nick Harris Detective Academy, season, plus on-the-road expenses. eering is. . .show-biz. When a good auc- 16917 Enadia Way, Van Nuys, CA Triple-A umps can make upwards of tioneer takes the podium, the crowd is 91406-3602. In business since 1907. $3200 monthly. electrified, and bidding is spirited. Of course, rewards are far greater There are four sessions a year- The Worsham College for umpires who make it all the way to February, June, August and December. of Mortuary Science "The Show." Salaries for the full Major Cost of course: $625. With your diplo- Since 1911, Worsham College has League baseball season range from ma comes a lifetime scholarship allow- been preparing students for the ultimate $75,000 to $225,000, as per the collec- ing you to return for a refresher course recession-proof, white-collar career: tive bargaining agreement that ended in anything you've missed. funeral directing. this year's brief strike. Missouri Auction School, 1600 Worsham' s one-year diploma pro- Brinkman's school operates during Genesee, Kansas City, MO 64102. In gram is divided into four quarters of 11 the off-season only. Tuition is $1,500, business since 1905. weeks each, with classes in session four plus $1,000 for lodging and meals. days a week. The curriculum includes There are other umpire schools in Nick Harris Detective Academy accounting, anatomy, embalming, law, Ormond Beach, Fla., and in Austin, For the private investigator, every psychology, pathology, microbiology

Texas, but Brinkman-Froemming is the day is a new adventure in tracking lost and lab work in "restorative arts." oldest. lovers, uncovering embezzlements, Tuition for the 12-month program is Brinkman-Froemming Umpire exposing insurance fraud or— increas- $6,300, not including books, which School, 1021 Indian River Dr., Cocoa, ingly these days, it seems— conducting cost an additional $400 or so. Students FL 32922. In business since 1980. background checks on politicians. also pay for their own protective garb. The Harris academy is the oldest According to enrollment officer Missouri Auction School such school in the world— even older Joan Tomczak, Worsham alumni do Whether they're hawking gem- than the FBI, according to master extraordinarily well at finding work. encrusted jewelry at an estate sale or a detective and administrator Milo "Virtually every graduate has found pen full of prize shorthorn cattle, the Speriglio, who says his students come placement by the time he or she leaves nation's 25,000 auctioneers are pulling from all over the world. the school," says Tomczak. "We have a down hefty commissions. "People Speriglio's aspiring detectives pay 90 percent overall placement record. don't realize how lucrative auctioneer- $3,900 in tuition to study the basics of First-time-out grads can expect to earn ing is," says Dick Dewees, president of skip tracing, shadowing, accident $22,000 to $25,000 in a city district, the Missouri Auction School, who for investigation, insurance fraud, under- somewhat less in rural districts." 35 years has been coaching pupils in cover work, employee theft, criminal Worsham College of Mortuary Sci- the familiar mannerisms associated investigation, document research and ence, 495 Northgate Parkway, Wheel- with auctioneering. wiretap detection. ing, IL 60090. Most auctioneers' commissions Students also learn about the myths range from 3 percent to 30 percent of of private-eye work. Unlike Jim Rock- Reno-Tahoe Gaming Academy gross sales. For the beginner, that trans- ford and his other TV cohorts, real-life Here's a school that instructs people lates to perhaps $20,000 a year, but private eyes do not run red lights or on the only way to make money in Newsweek reports that a good spieler make screeching, fishtail U-turns; they : working the side. can earn $200,000. have to worry about traffic tickets and Offered are basic courses in dealing "This might be the last frontier for rising insurance premiums, just like the blackjack, , , , bac- guys starting out with nothing," says rest of us. Nor are they pulling .38s out carat and Chinese paigow (a dealer their five with dominoes). Diploma Dewees, who has been an auctioneer of waistband every minutes. , game played

60 THE AMERICAN LEGION .

ink is scarcely dry before the new deal- Isn 't it time you owned ers head for New Orleans, the Missis- sippi riverboats, Indian gambling halls of Minnesota, California and anyplace The King else where gambling is legal. "The college accrediting team from OF Coins Washington, D.C., was astounded to learn we have 100 percent placement of our students, plus a list of wait- ing for students to be certified," says Pamela Schwier, the school's director. Indeed, adds Schwier, the incredible Own your own growth of the industry nationwide has EXACT REPLICA OF created an unprecedented for demand THE AUGUST 15, 1945 ISSUE casino workers. In some states, she of reporting on says, "the need for experienced dealers V-J Day. is so desperate they immediately put our people into management." U.S. Mint 1878-1904 "Morgan" Silver Dollars This 50th "Anniversary" TIME MACHINE Besides gaining dealing skills, stu- will be reprinted in its entirety (36 pages) in America's vintage "Morgan" Silver Dollars are the newsprint format complete with news ofpeace, dents also learn how to detect card- wodd's most popular coin — they're big (38 mm), sports, stock market quotes, et. at. counters and other cheaters. loaded with silver (26.73 grams .900 fine) and rich in history (struck from Old West bonanza silver and Act and receive a - Tuition for the course is $3,840 — NOW FREE BONUS an used in bygone eras). And now you can own them exact replica of the Sept. 2. 1945 front page of and students are eligible for veterans' priced riglit! Our nicely detailed Very Fine qual- the New York Times., reporting the formal sur- benefits. ity can be yours for as little as $14.50 each! The render ceremony aboard the U.S.S. Missouri. Reno-Tahoe Gaming Academy, more you buy, the more you save. We'll select mixed 1 878- 1 904 dates guaranteed to please. Three P.O. Box 50284, Reno, NV 89513. In Rolls (60 Coins), $870. RoU of 20 Coins, $325. 10 1 -800-526-9292 business since 1990. Coins, $169. 5 Coins, $89. 2 Coins, $38. Order Call toll-free (for orders only) #11960. Add $2 postage. 30-Day No-Risk Home Visa and Mastercard Accepted Examination. To order by credit card call toll- Casino Career Institute To order by mail; send $8.95 + $2 S&H; include name free. Or send a check or money order to: and address ($7.95 + $2 S&H for addnl. copies) to: East Coast residents aspiring to a International Coins Currency & Historical Productions • 1512 West Chester Pil

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AUGUST 1995 61 But the real money in neon is on the plies, but graduates could earn up to entrepreneurial end. "Eventually," says $25,000-$40,000 a year in chiroprac- ODDBALL U. instructor Lee Champagne, "no one tors' offices, health spas, salons or Continued page 61 from wants to work for hourly wages when gyms, or they could strUce out on their big money is available on your own. A own, according to Bancroft registrar unique window sign will bring in $800 Katherine Mahoney. to $1200." Bancroft School of Massage Thera- City. A department of Atlantic Com- The overhead is low, she adds: py, 50 Franklin St., Suite 370, Worces- munity College, it's the only junior col- "You can work out of an 8x10 room, ter, MA 01608. In business since 1950. lege in the country offering courses in even a mobile home. You do the work • • • • in one day, and you spend another day beginning and advanced blackjack, These are but a few of the occupa- installing and collecting the check." baccarat, craps and roulette. In addi- tional colleges available. You can take tion, there's a 278-hour course in sur- The truly gifted may also collect a two-year course at the New England accolades. Some of Champagne's neon veillance. In order to pursue this last Culinary Institute and hope to earn sculptures have won international curriculum, applicants must be recom- $100,000 a year as a professional chef, awards and now hang in museums. mended by a casino and approved by or experience the joy of making kids Cost of the 14-week course is the State Gaming Commission, because laugh by attending the Ringling Broth- $6,500, which includes tools and all the in training pupils how to spot cheaters ers Clown College. Then there's the glass you can bend or break. from an "eye in the sky," the course Nanny College in California and a also teaches to cheat. National Neon Institute, 1070 Tyler them how school for butlers in New York. And on St., Benicia, CA 94510. In business Says Casino's director, Jim Wort- and on. man, "The surveillance course is partic- since 1982. Of course, none of this is likely to ularly well suited to the handicapped, shake the hallowed halls of Harvard, Bancroft School of Massage Therapy since it mainly involves watching tele- nor disturb the ivy-clad ramparts of When newsmen once asked Bob vision screens as they pan the gambling Yale, for the diplomas and degrees they Hope how he accounted for his long arena. We're approved by the Depart- confer are indeed distinguished. and healthy life, his answer was quick: ment of Veterans Affairs and have But a prestigious sheet of parchment "Massage!" trained a number of disabled vets." alone won't put quiche on the table or Increasingly, massage therapy is New dealers can earn $25,000 to petrol in the Porsche. $28,000, with tips. Casino-savvy types being prescribed by osteopaths and who know where to find the high- physicians, sports directors and spa rollers should earn between $30,000 operators to keep old bones and mus- IN OF... and $50,000. Upgrade to management cles supple, restore sports damage and SEARCH rehabilitate stressed-out captains of begins as a pit boss, with promotional This column is for readers searching for groups of vet- possibilities into upper ranks, says industry. erans for purposes other than forming a reunion (use VETS column) or to find witnesses to verify VA health During a 750-hour course, Bancroft Wortman. claims (use COMRADES IN DISTRESS column). No Tuition for an eight-week course in students study anatomy and physiolo- notices seeking information about relatives or friends will be published. Notices are published free, on a space- is hydrotherapy, reflexology, business dealing blackjack $700. Instruction gy, available basis. If a notice does not appear within six on other games can be added to that practices and massage techniques, months of submission, please resubmit. including Swedish Sports and Oriental basic price at a rate of $100 each. A book titled "The Shoe Leather Express" about the Casino Career Institute, 1535 massage. (Presumably, she also teaches POWs marched from Stalag Luft IV. Contact: Carl H. Schwantz, 1075 1750th St., Lincoln, IL 62656. them how to deflect sly remarks about Bacharach Blvd., Atlantic City, NJ A copy of "The Story of The 371st Fighter Group in The 08401 .In business since 1978. another customer-service profession E.T.O." Contact: Allen Streeter, 6316 East Kearney Dr., Saginaw, Ml 48603-3427. that often comes to mind when one A photo of Boot Camp Platoon 1036, San Diego, Dec. National Neon Institute thinks of massage.) 1943. Contact: Glenville D. Barriger, 8557 143rd Pi., Oriand Park, IL 60462. After decades of neglect, bold, When they've mastered the "hands- A photo of soldiers of Co. A, 37th Inf., Camp Croft, brassy and beautiful neon — arguably on" curriculum and won their license, S.C, Oct. 1944-Feb. 1945. Contact: Metro Yawney, 2252 Edgewood Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18017. the most compelling form of visual they'll have no trouble finding work at All soldiers who served with the 14th Military Intelli- advertising ever devised— is making a spas, health clubs, , hotels, nurs- gence Bn., for unit history. Contact: ILL M. Scharff, HHS, 14th Military Intelligence Bn., Fort Lewis, WA comeback. ing homes, retirement centers and 98433. The National Neon Institute is one beauty salons where the rich go to be Anyone who served on the USS Edwards during WWII, for research. Contact: Richard Brooks, P.O. Box 718, of the few schools to teach the craft and rejuvenated. Swansea, SO 29160-0718. art of heating and bending glass tubes After graduating from Bancroft, "Cobra of The Clouds," a history of the 39th Fighter Sq., 5th AF, WWII. Will pay. Contact: Steven E. to create neon patterns. Students Susie Samaha spent the next eight Emml, 23 Cady St., Auburn, NY 13021. presently range in age from 20 to 50. years on board cruise ships, rubbing out Copies of diaries, records, articles, citations etc. from members of the 105th Inf., 27th Inf. Div., serving dur- To make neon,, leaded glass tubes the kinks and tight muscles. Along the ing the "Gyokusai" on the night of 6-7 July, 1944, are heated, bent to pattern, electrified way, she learned the cultural aspects of . Contact: K.M. Walker, 177 Whitehall Dr., Clarksville, TN 37042. on a bombarding table and filled with massage in Indonesia. Now an instruc- Crewmembers of USS Hogan (DMS-6) during WWII, inert gas — red neon, blue argon and tor at Bancroft, she specializes in facial for ship's history. Contact: M. Daniel Dillashaw, P.O. Box 1305, Winter Haven, FL 33882. mixtures that yield 360 different colors. workshops, a massage technique that Former members of 5th General Hospital, Stuttgart, By the time they graduate, students are promises to put the bloom of youth Germany, in 1957, for a documentary on husband and wife active duty personnel. Contact: D.L. Stilt- able to create their art and designs. back into middle-aged jowls. own man, Box 18621, San Antonio, TX 78218. Entry-level graduates can expect to One thing is certain — whatever Graduates of NCO School at Ft. Benning, 1967-1972, for an article. Contact: Budd Russell, 99 Morgan Ln., earn $10 an hour for the first 90 days, direction a student pursues, there will Miillnocket, ME 04462. $12 to $14 after that. After one year be no shortage of openings: 95 percent Information of 2nd Platoon, Co. B, 51st Bn. at Camp Wolters, Texas, July 1944. Contact: Robert Clin Fer- they'll probably be an hour find immediate employment. making $40 guson, 1509 A/latterhorn Dr. NE, Cedar Rapids, lA on piecework. The course costs $8,750 plus sup- 52402: (319) 365-1862.

62 THE AMERICAN LEGION Paul J. Cecala, Donald L Creasey, Jack E. Daubney, John P. Lester, DC Department Finance Chairman FloydE. Doipp, John F. Elinske, Robert M. Hartman, (1973-74), Department Vice Commander (1974-75), IN SEARCH OF... Richard M. Kirby, Herbert A. Plunkett, Gustav Polak, Department Sergeant-at-Arms (1977-85). Joseph C. Schlnaman, Robert E. Thorpe, John E. Sherman Llllard,NC Department Vice Commander Continued from page 62 Torpy, Wiiford A. Wendt (1995) Post 264, Tonawan- (1978-79), Department Commander (1986-87). da, NY Elmore Meshew,OK Department Commander (1972-73). Information on former members of Co. B, 85th Seabee James A. Matson (1995) Post 37, North College Hill, Hugh W. Overton, AL Department Vice Commander Bn. or 508 CBMU who served In the Aleutians or OH (1949-50), Department Commander (1950-50), New Hebrides during WWII. Contact: Carl D. Boman, Clyde H. Mott (1993) Post 37, Medford, OK National Executive Committeeman (1950-74). Rt. 3, Box 238, Astonia, OR 97103. John E. Zelher (1995) Post 141, Langley, WA Raymond C. Patterson, lA Department Vice Comman- Information on the 523rd AAF Fighter Sq. in Italy In Gilbert Schmitt (1995) Post 522, Hubertus, Wl der (1964-65), Alternate National Executive Commit- 1943. Contact: James W. Richard, 49926 Hwy. 16, teeman (1968-69), National Executive Committee- Frankllnton, LA 70438. man (1969-71), National Director, Americanism and Members of the 316th Fighter Control Sq., 9th Air Children & Youth (1977-1983), Director, National Force, serving with the 3rd Army, who were at Internal Affairs (1983-90). Buchenwald Concentration on the first day of TAPS Camp Charles A. St. Clair Jr.,MD Department Sergeant-at- liberation, for a magazine article. Contact: George Arms (1969-70), Department Vice Commander Flllpovlch, 140 Hope Springs Ln., Stafford, Va., Taps notices are limited to only those Legionnaires (1970-71, 1974-75), Department Commander (1975- 659-3664. 22554; (703) who have held high national or department offices. We 76), National Sergeant-at- Arms (1984-85). Members of USAAF 83rd Air Depot Group, Gura, regret that we cannot extend the honor to all members. Richard F. Stockwell, MA Department Vice Comman- Eritrea, April 1943-Jan. 1944, and 8th Air Depot der (1954-56). Group, June 1942 to Nov. 1943, for a book on Pro- John C. Jordan, IL Department Vice Commander (1959- R. Kenneth Yost,NE Department Vice Commander ject 19. Contact: John W. Swancara, P.O. Box 749, 60), Department Commander (1967-68). (1959-60), Department Commander (1960-61). Brevard, NC 28712. Members of VA-14 World Cruise on USS Tarawa 1948- 49, for research. Contact: Floyd C. Fields, 331 Blake Whack Away Thick, Tough Weeds instantly with... Ave., Orange Park, FL 32073; (904) 264-6773. Survivors of a Navy PB4Y-2 patrol bomber that ditched at sea off Maul on June 26, 1944. Contact: John Brlt- son, 115 S. 3rd Ave. E, Newton, lA 50208. The names of Army units stationed on Ndrllo Island during WWII. Contact: Jake Miller, 109 Sandalwood Dr., New Iberia, LA 70560-2227. USS Edson cruise book (1965-66). Contact: Frank • NO MORE "Fishing Line" • NO MORE Sharpening Blades Williams, 1971 Stewart Rd., Lima, Ohio, 45801: (419) 221-3518. • NO MORE Jamming or Re-Stringing • installs Easily In A Weird or amusing stories about service days, for a Couple Of Minutes • Malies All Other Trimmers Obsolete book. Contact: Edwin J. Stock, 27101 Edgecliff Dr., Cleveland, OH 44132-1225. WWI unit histories. Will pay. Contact: James J. Richard, 609 East South St., Albany, MO 64402. WWII WACs from Hqtr.-AGF Replacement Depot 1, Norfolk, Va., In 1944, for a book. Contact: Leah-Ham- burger Goodfrlend, 11 Lenox Ct., Suffern, NY 10901.

LIFE MEMBERSHIPS

Life Membership notices are published for Legion- naires who have been awarded Ufe Memberships by their posts. Ufe membership notices must be submitted on official forms which may be obtained by sending a self- addressed, stamped envelope to: Life Memberships, The American Legion Magazine, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis IN 46206.

Richard G. McCllntock Sr. (1995) Post 259, Paradise, CA Louis Markoya (1994) Post 74, Fairfield, CT Wallace Bassett, Robert Kennlston, Joseph Marslgllo (1993), Louis Coppa (1994) Post 76, North Haven, CT Edward F. Kllburg, Howard J. Kuhl, John S. Leonard, John D. Manderscheid, Alvin J. MIchels, Lester M. MIchels, Marvin J. MIchels, Earl N. Mueller, Richard J. Norpel Sr., LeRoy C. Relstroffer, Helen Riches, Allan F. Schlrmer, Clarence J. Sleverding, Edwin N. Sprank, Vernon W. Stelnes, Lavern L. Weinschenk, The WEED TERMINATOR Goes right on all Norbert J. Weinschenk, Wayne G. Weyhgandt, EIroy Weed Terminator, Dept. WT-126 W. Yeager (1995) Post 273, Bellevue, lA these gas trimmers: 204 Carter Drive, West Chester, PA 19382 Russell T. Wessels (1994) Post 23, Watseka, IL Black & Decker, Machine, Hoffco, George E. Autio (1995) Post 332, Rockton, IL YES! I want to turn my plain trimnner into an Homelite, John Deere, Husqvarka, IDC, Lawn Lawrence A. GortowskI (1993) Post 547, Chicago, IL awesome cutting machine. Rush me my Tore, Snapper, Weed Champ, Paramont, Maynard Klipp (1991) Post 755, Manteno, IL Weed Terminator(s) as indicated: Thorns L. CIma, James Daly, Max Harrison, Marvin Eater, Sears, Puolan, Porlax Pro Kemmeeling, Don D. Lancaster, Otis L. Miller (1995) McCullouoh, Lawn Redmax, Ryan, Ryobi, One Terminator only $19.95 plus $3.95 Post 905, KIncald, IL Boy, Wards, Echo, Servistar, Shindaiwa, shipping & handling. Edgar B. Baker, Gordon W. Bates, Robert E. Becker, L. Ariens, Green Solo, Steil, Tanaka. Two Terminators only $35 plus $4.95 John Blegel, Lester R. Blxenman, Lee H. Boyd, "The manufacturers of these products do not mal

James A. Zedonis (1995) Post 224, Easthampton, MA Enclosed is $ . PA res add sales tax. Weed Terminator has three nylon serrated Russell W. Cheney, Clyde C. King, Frank R. Stake Jr., Make checks payable to: InterData Mktg. George Tucker Post blades that "fan-out" and slash through all (1994) 391 , Charlton, MA Charge my: Visa Disc Byron D. Bratcher (1995) Post 47, Havre de Grace, MD your tough weeds and grass instantly, MC AmEx Charles Dunham, Thomas Thompson (1994) Post 275, effortlessly and best of all economically. Exp Date / Adrian, Ml Your lawn and garden has that neat, profes- Arthur W. Bossman Sr., Herbert R. Drews (1975) Post Card # 27, Warren, MN sionally, manicured look every time. You Name Ouane S. Carlson, Calvin C. Stoll (1993), Thomas have our 30-day money back guarantee of Skalberg (1994) Post 523, Golden Valley, MN satisfaction so you have nothing to lose but Address, James R. Wagner (1986) Post 9, Forest, MS John Erskine Byrum Jr. (1995) Post 221, Charlotte, NC annoying weeds. ORDER NOW and receive City LeRoy Harlman (1994) Post 84, Oaklyn, NJ an extra set of 3 Weed Terminator Blades Michael Wenzel (1993), Donald Harrlty (1994) Post State -Zip. absolutely FREE! ©1995 idm 471,lselln, NJ

AUGUST 1995 63 Advertisement You're Never VETVOICE DISPATCH Too Old To Continuedfrom page 6 Continued from page 14 Hear Better. Chicago, ni.—A free offer of special Those who are drawing welfare time in June, the Dispatch was plan- interest to those who hear but do not checks should be required to work for ning to provide comprehensive cover- understand words has been an- benefits. The other parent of a child age of the congressional debate on the nounced by Beltone. A nonoperating bom out of wedlock must be named and amendment, updates on new cospon- model of one of the smallest cand pay for the child's expenses. It is not the sors and gentle reminders about those hearing aids in America today will be child's fault but the parents. We, the in Washington who have yet to sign on. given absolutely free to anyone taxpayers, are paying too much. Throughout the Legion's pursuit of the requesting it. Dick Mikessell flag-protection amendment, such pro- It's yours for the asking, so send Norton, Kan. gress reports have been enormously for it now. It is not a real hearing aid, helpful in getting Legionnaires and but it will show you how tiny hearing We wholeheartedly support Rep. other supporters of the amendment to help can be. James M. Talent in his stand regarding focus their energies where they will do These models are free, so call or the present welfare state. He has spo- the most good. write for yours now. Benefits of hear- ken volumes with his reply, and we sin- For similar reasons, the Dispatch is ing aids vary by type and degree of cerely hope that other elected officials required reading for Legionnaires hearing loss, noise environment, ac- will agree with him. When our society attending the National Convention: curacy of hearing evaluation, and stops rewarding this population for They receive a daily edition, released proper fit. Phone 1-800-441-5454 or their behavior and makes them each morning before convention busi- send your name, date of birth, accountable for their actions, then we ness gets under way. address, and phone number today to will all have equality. We are enabling Special discount rates are available Dept. 24854, Beltone Electronics, them to make selfish choices rather to members of the National American Victoria Street, Chicago, 4201 West than showing them how to help them- Legion Press Association. Reduced Illinois 60646-6772. selves. The children are the ones who rates for bulk orders also are available. In California, your local authorized Beltone suffer because of their parents, espe- For more information, contact the D/s- dispenser may call. cially when their parents are children ©1995, Beltone Electronics Corporation parc/i at (317) 630-1349. themselves. Yes, employment and mar- riage before children. Thomas H. Reichert the american legion Firing Line Keeps Rae Ann Reichert Peru, Ind. reichert© holli .com Watcii On Radicais V-J Day Parade THE American Legion opposes every DlSPAICH form of radicalism and subversion In addition to Post 91 of Moosup, regardless of its source. Conn., celebrating V-J Day with a One way to recognize radical elements parade, the village of Hillman, Mich., Topical. and how they work is through a subscription has been conducting an annual V-J Day to FIRING LINE. Americanism's monthly parade for the past 50 years ("Con- Thought-provoking. newsletter that reports on terrorism and necticut Town Celebrates V-J Day," other subversive influences in the United Timely. January, Legion News). Crystal Falls, States and keeps Legionnaires current on Mich., also has a V-J Day celebration. Easy on your wallet. Legion positions regarding subversion. Von H. Krebiehl Hillman, Mich. SUBSCRIPTION? DO YOU SUBSCRIBE TO NEW FIRING LINE? Military Welfare RENEWAL? Firing Line is The American Legion's pub- As a Vietnam veteran and the father lication that reports the current activities of It's easy. Just send us a I like to subversive individuals and organizations. of a Marine, would comment check or use your VISA Send name and address with a check for on the course our government is taking on our military. Four years and out $7 (one-year subscription) to Firing Line, or MasterCard. P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, IN 46206 seems to be the scenario of the times. There is no more pride in the uniform $15 for one year (22 issues) and the money is below poverty level. My son had to apply for food stamps The American Legion for his family. He was given a whop- Alil)K(;SS. Dispatch ping $10 a month, but the shame is that he has to go for the food stamps. P.O. Box 1055 What is next for our once proud mil- Indianapolis IN 46206 itary? Complete welfare? Robert DeCola Call (317) 630-1349 Dania, Fla.

64 THE AMERICAN LEGION ,

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AUGUST 1995 65 3 '

Legion Shopper

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66 THE AMERICAN LEGION , .

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AUGUST 1995 67 Food For Thought "Today, there are greater, more cer- tain and more immediate penalties in this country for serving up a rotten ham-

burger than for furnishing 1 ,000 school- children with a rotten education." — William Bennett Trial & Errors Overheard in the reporters' pool at California v. Simpson: "I knew this trial was in big trouble when I looked up and realized there were more lawyers than jurors." PoHtical Animal Paleontologists, who study fossils and early life forms, have discovered the remains of a dinosaur that lived 225

million years ago. Describing it as the most primitive dinosaur ever found,

they've named it Washingtonian politi-

cus because it has a tiny brain, huge mouth and long vicious claws for rip- ping the flesh off its enemies. High Strung A new study reports that rock musi- Smoke-anoid? The Limits Of Charity cians are prime candidates for mental Remember when people who A left-leaning, small-town politi- breakdowns. How can you tell, thought the world was against them cian was making a speech about the though? Do they stop smashing guitars were called paranoid? Now they're importance of sharing the wealth. and biting the heads off chickens? called smokers. Spotting someone he knew in the audience, he said, "Mr. Jones, if you SINgled Out Daffynitions had three Cadillacs, wouldn't you give Maybe a "sin tax" makes sense. It Retirement: When your favorite up one of them so we could gather the would mean Congress would pay kids and take them to school during more than everybody else. piece of software is a pillow. the week?" Geyser: A bidet built on a govern- Kid Corral The man replied, "Sure I would." ment contract. In some Western states, animal The politician continued, "And if control officers are testing a plan to you had $3 million, wouldn't you give Time For Change? use helicopters, nets and tranquilizer up $1 million of it so we could put a Beware the politicians who promise guns to control the wild animal popu- roof over people's heads and make change and then change their promise. lation. They say if it works, they may sure they had food to eat?" try it in the schools. "Sure," the man replied again. Bottom Line "And Mr. Jones, if you had three The biggest problem in Washington hogs—" n a. isn't truth in budgeting — it's truth in "Now just wait a minute here!" the budgeters. man interrupted, "I've got three hogs!" Diet Debts A recent study found that many Penny Pinched people who complain they can't lose You know your bank is in trouble weight are underreporting how much when: they actually eat and overreporting • You have to give them 10 days' how much they actually exercise. notice before you make a withdrawal. Hmmmm... underreporting inflow and • The road to the drive-up window overreporting outflow, eh? Makes you has a toll booth. wonder what their tax returns look • Tellers give change in pennies "Let's quit kidding ourselves! Neither like. only. one of us has a thyroid condition!"

68 THE AMERICAN LEGION Quartz Movement

Authentic Reproduction DEER CREEK PRODUCTS, INC., Dept. M576 3038 NW 25th Ave., Pompano Beach, FL. 33069 Hundreds of thousands of our brave U.S. soldiers wore a WWII military Comes with a 30 Day Money Back Guarantee government issued watch. This famous watch was also worn in the Please PRINT Years Of Service Korean, Viet Nam and Desert Storm conflicts. The military watch is a reli- BRANCH OF SERVICE 2 or 3 Initials From To Div. or Unit If Desired able, ruggedly built watch that possesses a style and character uniquely its own. It has always been a constant companion to all our military branches - Army, Air Force, Navy and Marines. This authentic replica was so carefully thought out that it even includes a military feature our combat One WWII Watch only $24.95 plus $3.00 shipping men constantly relied upon called the Hack Feature. The Hack Feature is Two WWII Watches only $47.95 plus $4.50 shipping a method used by the military, which allows a soldier to stop the sweep Enclosed is my payment: Money order Check hand in order to synchronize his watch right down to the second. The fine Mastercard Visa Cash quartz movement is accurate within seconds per month. The rich leather Card No. Exp. Date wristband is finished with an alligator texture. Its eyelet holes allow you to Signature conveniently adjust the size for total comfort. Gives you both civilian and (Credit cards please sign) military time. The gold-plated front has a handsome textured Bezel face. Name The back, which we will engrave for you free of charge, is made of stain- Address less steel. Watch is water resistant. Imagine, now you can own a person- City alized WWII watch that says, I am an American and proud of it! State -Zip. . .

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