Migration Profile: Jordan Françoise De Bel-Air
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“In My Own Hands”: a Medium-Term Approach Towards Self-Reliance and Resilience of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Jordan
IN MY OWN HANDS A MEDIUM-TERM APPROACH TOWARDS SELF-RELIANCE AND RESILIENCE OF SYRIAN REFUGEES AND HOST COMMUNITIES IN JORDAN January 2020 Research report The Durable Solutions Platform (DSP) aims to generate knowledge that informs and inspires forward-thinking policy and practice on the long-term future of displaced Syrians. Since its establishment in 2016, the DSP has developed research projects and supported advocacy efforts on key questions regarding durable solutions for Syrians. In addition, DSP has strengthened the capacity of civil society organizations on solutions to displacement. The Program on Forced Migration and Health (PFMH) is housed in the Department of Population and Family Health at Columbia University’s Mailman School of Public Health. It is one of the world’s leading centers of humanitarian research, training, and continuing education, professionalizing the field of humanitarian response. It was founded in 1998 as one of the first interdisciplinary, practice-based humanitarian research and educational programs offered by a major university. Today, the program continues to lead the development of evidence-based approaches to the humanitarian response and to train the next generation of global leaders. This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Regional Development and Protection Programme (RDPP II) for Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq, which is supported by the Czech Republic, Denmark, the European Union, Ireland and Switzerland. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the Durable Solutions Platform and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the RDPP or its donors. “Self-reliance is the true essence, for a human to feel himself and feel stability – if I’d rely on you and I wouldn’t know when you’d cut aid from me, I wouldn’t be prepared. -
The Language Situation Among the Circassians of Jordan
Educational Research (ISSN: 2141-5161) Vol. 4(8) pp. 612-617, August, 2013 DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.14303/er.2013.113 Available online@ http://www.interesjournals.org/ER Copyright © 2013 International Research Journals Full Length Research Paper The Language situation among the Circassians of Jordan Doa ʾa F. Al-Momani*1 and Siham M. Al-Momani *1Al Balqa' Applied University (Jordan) 2Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Al Balqa' Applied University (Jordan) *Corresponding Author`s E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this paper, we examine the language situation among the Circassians of Jordan within the framework of previous theories on language maintenance and shift as proposed by Fishman. The study investigates factors influencing the sample responses toward importance and usefulness of the Arabic and Circassian languages. Convenience sample include 100 subject selected by five in group persons. Data collected by means of a questionnaire developed and used by previous investigators. Results indicate that Arabic is used by the respondents for various functions and Circasssian is used in very restricted social domains. Evidence is represented that the overwhelming majority of the Circassians agree that it is important for them to speak in both Arabic as a means of communication, and Circassian as an important symbol of their identity. These results indicate that the Circassians of Jordan are experiencing a process of language shift which appears to be in its initial position, as most of them appear to be less proficient in their language. They also indicate that the younger generation (forty years or below) of Circassians show a stronger tendency toward shifting their speech than the older generation (forty years or above). -
Living in the Shadows
LIVING IN THE SHADOWS JORDAN HOME VISITS REPORT 2014 This report was principally authored by Frances Voon from the UNHCR Policy Development and Evaluation Service, with research assistance from Skandar Keynes. Thanks are due to the follow- ing people who provided support to the proj- ect: Haneen Abu-Sunbul, Rasha Batarseh, Hélène Daubelcour, Charlie Dunmore, Marta Ghezzi, Ghassan Hamad, Mohammad Hawari, Shadi Mhethawi, Marco Santacroce, Volker Schimmel, Ke Tang and Koen van Rossum. Thanks are due the outreach and assessment teams of International Relief and Development, who conducted the majority of the interviews which International Relief & Development underpin this report. UNHCR is grateful for the critical financial support provided by donors to its refugee response in Jordan as well as those who have contributed to UNHCR programmes with unearmarked and broadly earmarked funds. Donors who have contributed to the cash assistance programme in Jordan in 2014: Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Cover: Rima1 looks out after her father as he leaves the house to sell coffee and tea in the streets. It is only through this work that he is able to pay the rent and keep a roof over his family’s heads. ©UNHCR / J. Kohler LIVING IN THE SHADOWS JORDAN HOME VISITS REPORT 2014 1 Names in this report have been changed to protect the identity of the refugees. CONTEXT “We are seeing Syrian refugees in Jordan having entered a downward spiral in terms of their ability to sustain themselves. We are concerned that this will deteriorate even further in 2015. We are all accountable for their protection and well-being.” – Andrew Harper, UNHCR Representative, Jordan “Life as a Syrian refugee in Jordan is like being in quick sand; whenever I move, I sink a little bit further.” – Mohammad, father of four children CONTEXT The Syrian crisis will soon be entering into its fifth year. -
Jordan As a Transit Country: Semi-Protectionist Immigration Policies and Their Effects on Iraqi Forced Migrants
NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH S c h Working Paper No. 61 R o b Jordan as a transit country: semi-protectioniste immigration policies r and their effects on Iraqi forced migrants Géraldine Chatelard Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies European University Institute Florence, Italy E-mail: [email protected] August 2002 These working papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under ‘publications’ at <www.unhcr.org>. ISSN 1020-7473 Introduction In the last twenty years, several episodes of forced migration have taken place in the Arab Middle East following armed conflicts between states (the Iran-Iraq war, the 1991 Gulf war) or internal political unrest (in particular in Iraq).1 Despite the scale of these displacements and the centrality of Iraq, the remarks S. Shami made in a 1993 paper still hold true. She states that attention has focused on previous episodes of forced migration, such as the Lebanese civil war and the Palestinian diaspora, that group migration has not been extensively studied, that relief agencies or human rights groups produce the overwhelming majority of the literature, and that there has been little focus on the long-term social implications of forced displacement (Shami 1993: 5). In particular, involuntary migration prompted by the 1991 Gulf war and its aftermath has been given surprisingly little attention, at the notable exception of studies by a single author that have looked at the socio-economic impact of return migration from the Gulf to Jordan and Yemen (Van Hear 1993, 1994, 1995, 1998). -
Figurations of Displacement in and Beyond Jordan
Figurations of Displacement in and beyond Jordan Empirical findings and reflections on protracted displacement and translocal connections of Syrian refugees S. A. Tobin, A. J. Knudsen, F. A. Momani, T. Al Yakoub, R. Al-Jarrah TRAFIG working paper no. 6 • 03/2021 TRAFIG working paper no. 6 • 03/2021 • 2 SUMMARY CONTENTS This working paper is based on the empirical research on translocal figurations of displacement of Syrians in Introduction 3 Jordan. It contains methodological discussions, central findings and reflections on these findings. Drawing 1. Empirical design and limitations of the study 5 on the conceptual framework of the TRAFIG project, 1.1 Research team and location 5 this paper explores the central research question of 1.2 Sampling and data collection 5 TRAFIG, namely “how are protractedness, dependen- 1.3 Fieldwork challenges 6 cy, and vulnerability related to the factors of local and translocal connectivity and mobility, and in turn, how 2. Protracted displacement in Jordan 9 can connectivity and mobility be utilized to enhance the self-reliance and strengthen the resilience of 3. Key dimensions of figurations of displacement displaced people?” The paper presents findings from in Jordan 12 Jordan, where Syrian refugees have sought refuge in 3.1 Navigating through governance regimes of aid 12 host communities. 3.2 Living in limbo—Livelihoods, (in)security and precarity in local settings 15 Syrian refugees’ stay in Jordan has become increasingly 3.3 Following the networks—Connectivity and mobility protracted, with the durable solutions of return in in the context of protracted displacement 17 safety and dignity, local integration and resettlement 3.4 Building alliances—Displaced people’s integration remaining out of reach for most. -
Fleeing Iraq, Surviving in Jordan
November 2006 Volume 18, No. 10(E) “The Silent Treatment” Fleeing Iraq, Surviving in Jordan I. Map....................................................................................................................... 1 II. Executive Summary..............................................................................................2 Refugee Terminology.........................................................................................10 Recommendations............................................................................................ 12 III. Background.......................................................................................................19 IV. Refoulement—Rejections at the Border and Deportations .................................22 Jordan’s Nonrefoulement Obligations................................................................22 Nonrefoulement obligation adheres to de facto refugees and at the border..24 Rejection at the Border......................................................................................27 Arrests and Deportations of Iraqi Nationals .......................................................30 UNHCR-recognized refugees ........................................................................32 Asylum-seeker card holders under UNHCR’s temporary protection regime....34 Persons UNHCR rejected as refugees prior to 2003, but whose need for at least temporary protection may have changed because of the war ...............37 Persons who have not approached UNHCR, but who fled persecution or -
The Jordan Compact Lessons Learnt and Implications for Future Refugee Compacts
Policy briefing The Jordan Compact Lessons learnt and implications for future refugee compacts Veronique Barbelet, Jessica Hagen-Zanker and Dina Mansour-Ille February 2018 Key findings • In February 2016, a new approach to dealing with protracted displacement was signed: the Jordan Compact. In return for billions of dollars in grants and loans and preferential trade agreements with the European Union (EU), Jordan committed to improving access to education and legal employment for its Syrian refugees. • The Compact showed that, by building on existing political capital between donor governments, international organisations and host governments, as well as economic and political incentives such as trade deals, a restrictive policy environment can be opened up and funds can be mobilised in a short space of time. • While considerable progress has been made, challenges remain: • The Compact design did not integrate refugee perspectives at the outset; as such, it has been slow to improve their daily lives. • Financial support has increased school enrolment, but large numbers still remain out of school due to financial barriers and the quality of services provided. • Progress has been made in work permits issued, but critical sectors and self-employment remain closed to refugees. • Indicators measuring progress should focus on the extent to which they improve the lives of refugees. • Donor governments, host governments and international organisations currently considering new refugee compacts should start with what refugees need and want, and be realistic about what such arrangements can achieve. Shaping policy for development odi.org | @ODIdev Introduction This policy briefing draws on two studies conducted More than five million people have fled the civil war by ODI with Syrian refugees in Jordan in 2016 (Bellamy in Syria since 2011, with most settling in neighbouring et al., 2017; Hagen-Zanker et al., 2017), interviews with countries. -
Islamic Charities in the Syrian Context in Jordan and Lebanon
Islamic Charities in the Syrian Context in Jordan and Lebanon Sarah Hasselbarth Islamic Charities in the Syrian Context in Jordan and Lebanon Sarah Hasselbarth Imprint Published in 2014 by Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung P.O. Box 116107 Riad El Solh Beirut 1107 2210, Lebanon Not for sale. © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be printed, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the publishers. The views and opinions expressed in this publication are solely those of the original author. They do not necessarily represent those of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung or the editor. Cover picture: Details of a copper food tray, 19th century, Damascus Printing: Dakroub Printing Press s.a.l. 2 Table of Contents 1 Introduction ........................................................................................5 2 Methodology .......................................................................................7 3 Jordan .................................................................................................8 3.1 Islamic Charities in Jordan - Filling a Gap?.........................8 3.2 The Approach of Islamic Charities ......................................10 3.2.1 Community-based Organisations and Zakat Committees ....10 3.2.2 Al-Kitab wal-Sunna ..............................................................11 3.2.3 Al-Markaz al-Islami .............................................................12 3.2.4 Educational Programmes .....................................................14 -
Svetlana KUDAEVA the Circassian (Adyge)
Svetlana KUDAEVA The Circassian (Adyge) Scattering in the Countries of the Middle East: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Diasporality Studies (Based on the Example of the Classic Jewish Diaspora) Svetlana KUDAEVA Maikop State Technological University, Maikop, Russian Federation Abstract. As of today, the Circassian (Adyge) diaspora counts according to the minimum data for around 3 million people. The areas of its compact settlement are Turkey, Syria, and Jordan. This situation has developed in the course of the mass migration of the Adyge to the Ottoman Empire in the XIX century during the Caucasian war. The manuscript presents a comparative analysis of the most known methods for studying "classic" Diasporas (their invariant component). Also, there was an attempt to adapt them in relation to the Circassian (Adyge) diaspora (variative component of the method), i.e. rather adequate approaches to studying the Circassian (Adyge) diaspora have been worked out. The author represents the main results of multi-year research on the history of formation and development of the Circassian (Adyge) diaspora in the countries of the Middle East in short. Keywords: Russia, North-West Caucasus, the Ottoman Empire, Turkey, Middle East, the Circassian (Adyge), the Jewish diaspora. Introduction The Circassians (Adyge)1 of the North-West Caucasus belong to the amount of the people, who became the national minority at their historic homeland. Currently, the Circassian (Adyge) ethnic group involves more than a three million people diaspora, while a little more than seven hundred thousand of them (the Adyge, the Circassian, and the Kabardians) live at their historic homeland. The areas of compact settlements of the Adyge abroad are Turkey, Syria, and Jordan. -
WORK PERMITS and EMPLOYMENT of SYRIAN REFUGEES in JORDAN Towards Formalising the Work of Syrian Refugees
WORK PERMITS AND EMPLOYMENT OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN JORDAN Towards Formalising the Work of Syrian Refugees Regional Office for Arab States WORK PERMITS AND EMPLOYMENT OF SYRIAN REFUGEES IN JORDAN Towards Formalising the Work of Syrian Refugees International Labour Organization Regional Office for Arab States 1 Copyright © International Labour Organization 2017 First published 2017 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. ______________________________________________________________________________ Work permits regulations and employment outcomes of Syrian refugees in Jordan: towards the formalisation of Syrian refugees employment / International Labour Organization, Regional Office for Arab States. - Beirut: ILO, 2017. ISBN 9789221304654 (print); 9789221304661 (web pdf) ILO Regional Office for Arab States. ______________________________________________________________________________ The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. -
Iraqi Refugees: Seeking Stability in Syria and Jordan
Iraqi Refugees: Seeking Stability in Syria and Jordan Patricia Weiss Fagen Institute for the Study of International Migration Georgetown University and Center for International and Regional Studies Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar © 2007, 2009 Iraqi Refugees: Seeking Stability in Syria and Jordan Patricia Weiss Fagen Fieldwork: Patricia Weiss Fagen, Senior Associate, ISIM Sameer Jarrah, Director, Arab World Center for Democratic Development, Amman © 2007, 2009 Center for International and Regional Studies Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar Occasional Paper No. 1 ISSN 2072-5957 A Study Co-Sponsored by: Institute for the Study of International Migration The Institute for the Study of International Migration (ISIM), founded in 1998, is part of the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and affiliated with the Law Center at Georgetown University. ISIM focuses on all aspects of international migration, including the causes of and potential responses to population movements, immigration and refugee law and policy, comparative migration studies, the integration of immigrants into their host societies, and the effects of international migration on social, economic, demographic, foreign policy and national security concerns. ISIM also studies internal displacement, with particular attention to the forced movements of people for reasons that would make them refugees if they crossed an international border. Established in 2005, the Center for International and Regional Studies at the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in Qatar is a premier research institute devoted to the academic study of regional and international issues through dialogue and exchange of ideas, research and scholarship, and engagement with national and international scholars, opinion makers, practitioners and activists. -
Iraqi Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
= 7&6.=*+:,**8=&3)=39*73&11>=.851&(*)= *78438a==**5*3.3,=:2&3.9&7.&3=7.8.8= -4)&=&7,*8843`=447).3&947= 5*(.&1.89=.3= 39*73&9.43&1=:2&3.9&7.&3=41.(>= 3)477&=7:34= 5*(.&1.89=.3= 22.,7&9.43=41.(>= *7*2>=_=-&75= 5*(.&1.89=.3=.))1*=&89*73=++&.78= *'7:&7>=+-`=,**3= 43,7*88.43&1= *8*&7(-=*7;.(*= 18/1**= <<<_(78_,4;= --3-0= =*5479=+47=43,7*88 Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress 7&6.=*+:,**8=&3)=39*73&11>=.851&(*)=*78438a==**5*3.3,=:2&3.9&7.&3=7.8.8= = :22&7>= Some aspects of the humanitarian crisis many feared would take place in March 2003 with the initial military operation in Iraq unfolded later as a result of the ongoing insurgency and sectarian violence. It is estimated that in total (including those displaced prior to the war) there may be as many as 2 million Iraqi refugees who have fled to Jordan, Syria, and other neighboring states, and approximately 2.7 million Iraqis who have been displaced within Iraq itself. Between 2004-2007, the violence and insecurity resulting from the ongoing sectarian strife, terrorism, and insurgency in Iraq produced substantial civilian displacement in different parts of the country. There are continued concerns about the absorptive capacity of neighboring countries, whether they can provide adequately for the populations that have moved across borders, and the impact of refugee flows on stability in general. Many of Iraq’s neighbors fear that they are being overwhelmed by refugees who have fled over Iraq’s borders.