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MEDAN BAHASA JURNAL ILMIAH KEBAHASAAN Volume 6, No ISSN 1907—1787 MEDAN BAHASA JURNAL ILMIAH KEBAHASAAN Volume 6, No. 2, Edisi Desember 2012 Penanggung Jawab: Amir Mahmud • Pemimpin Redaksi: Awaludin Rusiandi • Sekretaris Redaksi: Ai Siti Rohmah • Penyunting Ahli: Achmad Effendi Kadarisman (Etnolinguistik/Universitas Negeri Malang), Kisyani-Laksono (Dialektologi/Universitas Negeri Surabaya) • Penyunting Pelaksana: Anang Santosa, Khoiru Ummatin, Arif Izzak, Hero Patrianto • Mitra Bestari: Tri Mastoyo Jati K. (Tata Bahasa/Universitas Gadjah Mada), Ni Ketut Mirahayuni (Analisis Wacana/Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya) • Juru Atak: Punjul Sungkari • Distribusi: Rahmidi Penerbit Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Timur Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Alamat Redaksi Balai Bahasa Provinsi Jawa Timur Jalan Siwalanpanji II/1, Buduran, Sidoarjo 61252 Telepon/Faksimile (031) 8051752 Pos-el: [email protected] Jurnal Medan Bahasa terbit dua kali setahun pada bulan Juni dan Desember. Jurnal ini berisi tulisan ilmiah berupa hasil penelitian, kajian dan aplikasi teori, gagasan konseptual, serta resensi buku dengan wilayah kajian kebahasaan. Redaksi jurnal Medan Bahasa mengundang para pakar, dosen, guru, dan peneliti bahasa untuk menulis artikel ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan masalah kebahasaan. Naskah yang masuk disunting secara anonim oleh penyunting ahli. Untuk keseragaman format, penyunting pelaksana berhak melakukan perubahan tanpa mengubah isi tulisan. ISSN 1907—1787 PRAKATA Jurnal Medan Bahasa Volume 6, Edisi Desember 2012, menyajikan sepuluh artikel hasil penelitian dan kajian. Artikel-artikel yang dimuat dalam edisi ini didominasi oleh penelitian atau kajian terhadap bahasa daerah; tujuh artikel meneliti atau mengkaji bahasa daerah, dua artikel melibatkan bahasa asing, dan satu artikel mengkaji penggunaan bahasa Indonesia di ranah elektronik. Artikel pertama berjudul “Derivasi Transposisional pada Kategori Verba Denominal dalam Bahasa Osing” ditulis oleh Asrumi. Artikel ini bertujuan mengungkapkan afiks-afiks derivasi transposisional sebagai pembentuk kategori verba denominal dan proses derivasi afiks derivasi transposisional pembentuk kategori verba denominal dalam bahasa Osing. Dari analisis data, Asrumi menemukan bahwa ada delapan belas afiks pembentuk kategori verba denominal dalam bahasa Osing. Yani Paryono menulis artikel berjudul “Karakteristik Morfofonemik pada Konfiksasi Bahasa Jawa Dialek Banyumas”. Melalui artikel ini, Yani Paryono ingin mendeskripsikan karakteristik morfofonemik pada konfiksasi bahasa Jawa Dialek Banyumas dengan menggunakan teori struktural. Melalui analisis yang telah dilakukan ditemukan adanya perubahan fonem dan pemunculan fonem baru yang tidak pernah dijumpai dalam bahasa Jawa standar. Artikel selanjutnya ditulis oleh Hero Patrianto. Dalam artikelnya yang berjudul “Penerjemahan Makna Subjek: Analisis terhadap Struktur Modus Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia”, Hero Patrianto berusaha memerikan penerjemahan makna interpersonal subjek melalui analisis kontrastif fungsional terhadap struktur modus kalimat bahasa Inggris dan kalimat bahasa Indonesia. Hasilnya, penerjemahan makna interpersonal subjek dipengaruhi oleh dimensi sosial, sistem pronomina, gender, konteks, serta struktur bahasa. Muna Riswati berupaya menentukan tingkat tutur bahasa Jawa di lereng Gunung Merapi melalui artikel berjudul “Variasi Tingkat Tutur Bahasa Jawa di Wilayah Lereng Merapi: Tinjauan Sosiodialektologi”. Penelitiannya menghasilkan empat temuan. Pertama, bentuk ngoko lebih dominan daripada bentuk krama. Kedua, bentuk krama yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan bahasa Jawa standar. Ketiga, tingkat tutur dapat dikenali dari kosakata, pronomina personal, dan imbuhan. Keempat, terbatasnya kosakata bentuk krama penduduk desa memengaruhi ketidaktepatan bahasa Jawa yang digunakan. Dede Hasanudin berupaya menyelelidiki penggunaan bahasa elektronik di dunia maya. Melalui artikel berjudul “Fenomena Penggunaan Bahasa Tulis di Dunia Maya”, Hasanudin berusaha membuktikan bahwa penyingkatan kata tidak menganggu jalannya komunikasi tulis. Hasanudin menyimpulkan bahwa komunikasi tulis dalam pesan singkat, dalam jejaring sosial (facebook), maupun dalam Chatting sebenarnya memiliki pola yang hampir sama, yaitu menyingkat kata, menggunakan variasi angka dengan huruf, menggunakan tanda-tanda baca yang tidak perlu dalam rangkaian kalimat, menulis huruf besan dan kecil dalam satu kalimat. W. Hendrosaputro dan Wakit Abdullah menulis artikel berjudul “Kearifan Lokal dalam Bahasa dan Budaya Jawa Orang Samin di Kabupaten Blora: Kajian Etnolinguistik”. Artikel tersebut bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kearifan lokal dalam bahasa Jawa dan kebudayaan masyarakat Samin dari sudut pandang etnolinguistik. Hasil penelitian tersebut membuktikan bahwa kearifan lokal dalam bahasa jawa dan kebudayaan masyarakat Samin dipengaruhi oleh agama masyarakatn Samin, kepercayaan kepada Tuhan, tradisi sikep, cara pandang mereka tentang pendidikan, sistem pertanian, masalah i ekonomi, pernikahan, khitan, kematian, perdagangan, kebiasaan sehari-hari, dan berbagai hal yang mereka lakukan. Artikel berjudul “Kearifan Lokal Cara Memanfaatkan Lingkungan Alam yang Tecermin dalam Ekspresi Verbal dan Nonverbal Nelayan di Pesisir Selatan Kebumen: Kajian Etnolinguistik” merupakan penelitian etnolinguistik yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan kearifan lokal yang tecermin dalam ekspresi verbal dan nonverbal nelayan dalam memanfaatkan lingkungan alam di pesisir selatan Kebumen. Penelitian yang dilakukan Wakit Abdullah, Edi Subroto, dan Inyo Yos Fernandz ini menemukan bahwa cara nelayan yang mencerminkan kearifan hidup mereka meliputi kearifan spiritual, kearifan kultural, kearifan ekonomis, kearifan geografis, kearifan retensi, kearifan teknis, dan kearifan harapan. Kearifan nelayan yang tecermin dalam ekspresi verbal dan nonverbal tersebut dapat mencerminkan pola pikir, pandangan hidup, dan pandangan terhadap dunianya di pesisir selatan Kebumen. Zhang Huiye menulis artikel berjudul “Karakteristik Fitur-Fitur Pragmatik dalam Tipe-Tipe Kalimat Bahasa Mandarin”. Artikel tersebut bertuuan mendeskripsikan perbedaan-perbedaan tipe-tipe kalimat dalam bahasa Mandarin dan juga karakteristik fitur-fitur pragmatik dalam pemakaian tipe-tipe kalimat bahasa Mandarin, baik secara eksplisit maupun implisit. Dalam penelitiannya, Zhang Huiye menemukan bahwa karakteristik fitur-fitur pragmatik dalam bahasa Mandarin memiliki kekhasan tersendiri yang berbeda dengan bahasa-bahasa lain di dunia. Maria Magdalena Sinta Wardani berupaya memaparkan analisis proses morfologis bahasa Keo yang berupa reduplikasi dalam artikel berjudul “Reduplikasi Morfemis dalam Bahasa Keo”. Dengan menggunakan teori kaidah pembentukan kata Morris Halle, Wardani menyimpulkan bahwa reduplikasi terjadi dalam morfem yang terdiri atas satu atau dua silabel, terdapat bentuk perulangan penuh dengan kaidah {Stem + R}, reduplikasi memiliki banyak makna. Artikel berjudul “Medan Makna Leksem Verba Ombe ‘Minum” dalam Bahasa Jawa” bertujuan mendeskripsikan leksem-leksem verba yang mengandung konsep makna ombe ‘minum’ dalam bahasa Jawa dan juga kekontrasannya. Melalui analisi medan makna, Dwi Sutana, penulis artikel, menemukan lima belas leksem yang mengandung konsep makna ombe ‘minum’. Leksem-leksem tersebut diklasifikasikan dan dideskripsikan berdasar teori analisis komponen. Redaksi ii ISSN 1907—1787 DAFTAR ISI Prakata Daftar Isi Abstrak Derivasi Transposisional pada Kategori Verba Denominal dalam Bahasa Osing 133 Asrumi Karakteristik Morfofonemik pada Konfiksasi Bahasa Jawa Dialek Banyumas 151 Yani Paryono Penerjemahan Makna Subjek: Analisis terhadap Struktur Modus Bahasa Inggris 165 dan Bahasa Indonesia Hero Patrianto Variasi Tingkat Tutur Bahasa Jawa di Wilayah Lereng Merapi: Tinjauan 179 Sosiodialektologi Muna Riswati Fenomena Penggunaan Bahasa Tulis di Dunia Maya 195 Dede Hasanudin Kearifan Lokal dalam Bahasa dan Budaya Jawa Orang Samin di Kabupaten 207 Blora: Kajian Etnolinguistik W. Hendrosaputro, Wakit Abdullah Kearifan Lokal Cara Memanfaatkan Lingkungan Alam yang Tercermin Dalam 223 Ekspresi Verbal dan Nonverbal Nelayan di Pesisir Selatan Kebumen: Kajian Etnolinguistik Wakit Abdullah, Edi Subroto, Inyo Yos Fernandez Karakteristik Fitur-Fitur Pragmatik dalam Tipe-Tipe Kalimat Bahasa Mandarin 235 Zhang Huiye Reduplikasi Morfemis dalam Bahasa Keo 243 Maria Magdalena Sinta Wardani Medan Makna Leksem Verba Ombe ‘Minum’ dalam Bahasa Jawa 253 Dwi Sutana iii iv MEDAN BAHASA ISSN 1907—1787 Vol. 6, No. 2, Edisi Desember, 2012 Kata-kata kunci bersumber dari artikel. Abstrak ini boleh diperbanyak tanpa izin Asrumi (Universitas Jember) Derivasi Transposisional pada Kategori Verba Denominal dalam Bahasa Osing Medan Bahasa, Vol. 6, No. 2, Edisi Desember, 2012, hlm. 133—150 Derivasi transposisional kategori verba denominal merupakan derivasi kategori verba yang diturunkan dari dasar nomina yang telah dilekati afiks sehingga mengubah makna leksikal dan status kategorial katanya. Untuk itu dapat diketahui (1) afiks-afiks derivasi transposisional sebagai pembentuk kategori verba denominal dan (2) proses derivasi afiks derivasi transposisional pembentuk kategori verba denominal dalam bahasa Osing melalui metode distribusional (agih) dan padan referensial. Hasilnya dapat dikatakan bahwa afiks pembentuk kategori verba denominal dalam bahasa Osing terdapat 18 afiks, yakni: (1) afiks {di-}, (2) afiks {N-i}, (3) afiks {di-i}, (4) afiks {N-akən}, (5) afiks {di-akən}, (6) afiks {- i}, (7) {-nↄ}, (8) afiks {sUn-}, (9) afiks {rikↄ/sirↄ-}, (10) afiks {-ↄnↄ}, menurunkan verba
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