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Of Violent Crime 61Rector of the White House Office of Planning in the Nation

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Of Violent Crime 61Rector of the White House Office of Planning in the Nation o D I,) 1/ \ o Violent Crime in the United States j' I' f, \,'> " t I / I U S Department of Justice N~ti'onallnstitute of Justice I as received from the b reproduced exact y . ' ns stated This docum~~~rz~~io:~~ginating it. Points o~~~~~r ~b~n~~cessarilY j Pne~~f; ~~~~ment are tho,s,e of theo~~i~So~ the National Institute of Ireprese nt the official position or P / Justice, , I has been th' ee~' 'ri§ht9g. materia D Permission to reproduce IS 1 " granted by Public Domain/Bureau of \j J stice Statistics/DoJ , ," "­ ~ \ '" National Indicators System Report number 4 n......... September 1981 o 'I., I Briefing book '. ,/ ~ / '. 1",'1 I I ,~) ~ )' 1\ ' (j ---------------? ------~-- _.....--------,--------------­ ,------ /~ ._ .. _~.;~~~;1·t.,. ~""':."': .." .. ::~:::~ .... _::.::;:.;:::::::::::::::.::::::l; •...,....-~~' •• ~~~.''<,."'''~"~~~•. ·"w--" ~ ~--' •. ~.;~~ .. -:,-:c-~- f". .tl' U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics II , Washington. D.C. 20531 FOREWORD , \ \ cThe National Indicators System (NIS) is a As a r~sult, t~e issues presented here were \ program for informing the President, Vice selected ~6 highlight a limited number of " President and White House staff of social, crucial messages on the subject of 'criminal demographic and economic trends in the. United justice; the briefing materials do not purport States. Created by Dr. Richard S. Beal, to be an exhaustive description of violent crime 61rector of the White House Office of Planning in the Nation. and Evaluation, the system provides briefings on crucial domestic issues. The assistance of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) Section of the Federal Bureau of This copy of the Briefing Book for the President Investigatiqn and the guidance of the is provided in recognition of your status as a Statistical policy Division staff of the Office / formulator of national criminal justice policy. of Management and Budget were essential to the - process and final product. The Bureau of Justice Statistics of the o Department of Justice was designated by Dr. Beal For this Bureau, the .NIS provides an opportunity , ' as the lead agency to prepare this Briefing Book to focus nearly a decade of work in national on Violent Crime. Several aspects of the NIS criminal justice statistics and information should be appreciated. system dev~lopment--one of the positive legacies . , (1) The data are presented independent of of the, Law Enforcement Ass·istance Administration , \ . \ o. advocacy of policy 1?9sitions on budget and (LEAA) program--on the criminal justice policy legislative issues that must be decided by the issues confronting this Nation. President and White House staff. (2) The informational materials developed We welcome your advice and ~~ggestions in our must be presented to the President and key staff. updating of thes.e materials."~\ fi in 30 minutes. )1 (3) All the materials required to brief the Benjamin H. Renshaw III , 't President must be prepared in a tight a-week Acting Director . period of substantive discussions and production Bureau of Justice Statistics 'I 1 tasks. ~ f ..' r :) 0- I ;' i ., ;/ bY .• ~. t ... >', j'i -... .~ -- ,... ",'..->-..--." ' ...'""'-"~, o . ~~.~~_.", ...-_"=:'::"';~~~~::~~::::::::~~~~-=~=' ======_,=="""""""' ____ """" =====' =. _===l~ ~!:1c;;::';:::==~"'-' I I ' "', I j! If ; , Letter of transmittal I ! September 16, 1981 ~ IF-II" President Ronald W. Reagan The White House t\ if Washi~gton, D.C. !1 II Dear Mr. President: ! 1 ! i\ I have the honor of transmitting to you "Violent Crime in the United States," the fourth report in the National Indicators System program for systematically informing you and senior Administration officials of the social, demographic and economic trends in 'America in a policy-relevant format but prior to the policy formation period. In this report, we have assembled current statistics developed by tItle Bureau of / Justice Statistics which bear on the problem of violent crime 'in American society today. These materials indicate that businesses, minoriti€ls and young people 'are particularly vulnerable to the grave threat of violent crirne. The high costs of operating the criminal justice system fall mostly on State and local " > governments. High rates of incarceration have caused serious overcrowding in the nation's prisons and jails . •,4 " -' \, I am most grateful to the Bureau of Justice Statistics for their excellent work on this report. I trust that you will find these data useful in your deliberations. , n o \ ;.·0 Sincerely, " . Richard S. Beal Special Assistant to the President / " () /' " , -------,-------~----- I 1 -I I D .• c'l /; . " I) Contents d , ':-:.., Iir -. Highlights 2 Violent crime offenders' 28 r I ! 1 Violent crime in the United States 4 l' Juveniles and youthful offenders account for -30 1, , more than 40 percent of all violent crime !,~C. Violent crime touches 6 percent 6 \! of all U.S. households ~ o Blacks, Hispanics, men, and young adults 32 1\ l~. j are incarcerated disproportionately 11 Assault is the most common violent crime 1\ !1 8 !\ -,,'I Prisons and jails house an increasing proportion 34 )' , , WeaP9ns were displayed or used in 10 of violeht offenders 1\ 1 \ II 35 percent of all violent crimes JI ,. fl l\ Criminal justice response 36 I Cities and businesses are especially 12 i / ull I vulnerable to violent crime Criminal justice expenditures increased j ,-!) 38 '" by 147 percent during the 1970's i I The West leads the Nation in the rate 14 d ~ ,: of violent crime The cost per inmate is rising rapidly 40 Il ! 11 , Americans view violent crimes as much more Ii 16 State and local governments perform the, 42 df j serious than most property crime !I major share, of criminal justice functions I! . , 1; " . \ , I! . \ " The victims of violent crime 18 Less than 10 percent of reported violent crimes 44 t! c> /. J/ result in incarceration Victims of violent crime are most often 20 !. ,.' young and male ).' The number of persons in state and federal prisons " 46 rose by 66 percent between 1969 and 1980 " Slacks are more likely than whites to be 22 victims of violent cr~hle • Q Imprisonment rates are highest in Southern States 48 . , o ~. 25 percent of violent crimes result in 24 -, economic loss Fear of crime is not directly related to 26 crime levels \1 '. - r ---------.,--~ \'- ---------- ----.,--------~- -,--, Highlights -c \ l!'I Violent crime is a grave threat to the safety of all Americans. l'~ I Businesses, minorities, and young people are especially vulnerable to violent crime. i ! f Ii,( The costs of operating the criminal justice system are high, and il (I, 11 the burden falls heavily on State and local governments. il t l, Higher rates of incarceration have caused serious crowding in the \ ,1 I, nation's prisons and jails. ; i Ii It ii II , , a' . f 1 , , .) . , ., \ ,I' . o "', ---~------____'.c \ I) ') Violent crime in the United States How widespread is vioient crime? How likely are weapons to be used in violent crimes? ':vVhere does violent crime occur? How do Americans view the seriousness of violent crime? I' .) / , , \ -, , .. / 4 I.~ 1\ f\ I I ' -----~ ----- ----- -----------~--------------------------~ ~\ Violent crime touches 6 percent of all U.S. households 5 I Percent of housElholds Number of households 6 Total 4,595,000 5 4 .'('. Simple assault 3 2,419,000 / 2 1.; 1,451,000 :1 11/' d , ' I! 953,000 ",II' 1 II ,I " "; 1: if I' Rape 155,000 o f \ ., Note: Subcategories add to more than total due to multiple victimization of households i ~ \0 ~~~" ~- 7' 1 .. 1\ -;) r\ .' ,0;> , :.::: I, I !, = '<, ,/ /1 I) ~ II G c '/ .! "" ( /-,~ " ~ .'> Ie., Q . ~\ ,t1j .. -;;. '~, or; J:/ fJ ,.,';) ~ T "- - ----------~ ----- ~"- ------~------ Violent crime touches 6 percent of all U.S. households In recent years, at least one member ofabout 6 percent of all households has been raped, robbed, or assaulted. In 1980, nearly five million households were touched by rape, robbery or assault. Far more households have been touched by property crimes. Each year (based on 1975-1980 averages): . About 25 per.cent are touched by larceny. About 7 percent are touched by burglary. " . Note: Reported increases, however, may not reflect actual increases in violent crime. Historically, a great deal of crime is never reported to the police. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statis­ ". Iics,1hePtevalenceolCrlme, March 1981 (Washington, D.C.: . \ , U.S. Government Printing Office), p.l. ." Ii 1 i i i , C1 - . , I~ , / \ 6 ,\ \ , . ,c.\... ... ,.~ ------~----~?-- -~-'- -----,.,----- ~,-- - -~--- -~------- .;;-' Assault is the most common violent crime 7 1\ " Aggravated assault 28% - -20%Personalrobbery j 1 -2%Rape r. 1\ it , . i\" :1 I} i ~ SOOk Simple assault : t " ,,, ) " .' , ,~ .' , , \ i 0 " " 0 , J t, c,p~,~ ,', o (. " , " - , ~ '[0 Q ! /' f t (s' ,t ~ 0 ~. '':.'''", ,', .u ~I I:: . ;. ;J ' .. " --- ---------....,.."..---,- - ---~ - _._. - ---~.-- --- - ---- =-----------~'~'-------------------=------=--==---=-------=-=====================~-=~~--==~-~ ! ' II I­ 1/ t IJ 1 1 I ! I ; i r \ \ ! I \ Assault is the most common violent crime \ Assault accounts for the vast majority of measured violent crime. In 1980-- An estimated 1 .3 million forcible rapes, personal robberies, and ~ aggravated assaults were never reported to any law enforcement II f\ agency. 1\ Ii i\ Sixty percent of simple assaults never reached the attention of i I i I the police. Ii I I , r 11 I). The most common reasons given for not reporting assaults were that ; I the incident was-- 11 11 Ii "a private or personal matter. " If II "it was not important enough. II Ii Notes: ~ 1. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) meaSlJ'es seven 3. Attempted assaults constiMed 71 percent of all assaults ~ crimes as reported to police agencies throughout the counby. in 1979. Sixty-six percent of aggravated assau~s were at­ ,,' ~~ These are murder and nonnegligent manslau!tlter, forcible tempted attacks with weapons, while 74 percent of simple as­ \ ";,, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary,larceny-theft, and saults were attempted attacks without weapons, and ttv'eat­ motor vehicle theft. The National Crime Survey (NCS) is a ened attacks. household survey that collects victimization data for six .
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