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Journal of European Integration History Revue D JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION edited by the Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission européenne 2002, Volume 8, Number 2 The Liaison Committee of Historians came into being in 1982 as a result of an important international symposium that the Commission had organized in Luxembourg to launch historical research on Euro- pean integration. The committee is composed of historians of the European Union member countries who work on contemporary history. The Liaison Committee: – gathers and conveys information about work on European history after the Second World War; – advises the European Union on research projects concerning contemporary European history. Thus, the Liaison Committee was commissioned to make publicly available the archives of the Community institutions; – enables researchers to make better use of the archival sources; – promotes research meetings to get an update of work in progress and to stimulate new research: seven research conferences have been organized and their proceedings published. The Journal of European Integration History – Revue d’histoire de l’intégration européenne – Zeitschrift für Geschichte der europäischen Integration is in line with the preoccupations of the Liaison Committee. Being the first history journal to deal exclusively with the history of European Integration, the Journal offers the increasing number of young historians devoting their research to contemporary Europe, a permanent forum. The Liaison Committee is supported by the European Commission, but works completely independ- ently and according to historians’ critical method. ❋ Le Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission des Communautés européennes s’est constitué en 1982 à la suite d’un grand colloque que la Commis- sion avait organisé à Luxembourg pour lancer la recherche historique sur la construction européenne. Il regroupe des professeurs d’université des pays membres de l’Union européenne, spé- cialistes d’histoire contemporaine. Le Groupe de liaison a pour mission: – de diffuser l’information sur les travaux portant sur l’histoire de l’Europe après la Seconde Guerre mondiale; – de conseiller l’Union européenne sur les actions scientifiques à entreprendre avec son appui; ainsi le Groupe de liaison a assuré une mission concernant la mise à la disposition du public des archi- ves des institutions communautaires; – d’aider à une meilleure utilisation par les chercheurs des moyens de recherche mis à leur disposi- tion (archives, sources orales...); – d’encourager des rencontres scientifiques afin de faire le point sur les connaissances acquises et de susciter de nouvelles recherches: sept grands colloques ont été organisés et leurs actes publiés. L’édition du Journal of European Integration History – Revue d’histoire de l’intégration européenne – Zeitschrift für Geschichte der europäischen Integration se situe dans le droit fil des préoccupati- ons du Groupe de liaison. Première revue d’histoire à se consacrer exclusivement à l’histoire de la construction européenne, le Journal se propose de fournir un forum permanent au nombre crois- sant de jeunes historiens vouant leurs recherches à l’Europe contemporaine. Le Groupe de liaison bénéficie du soutien de la Commission européenne. Ses colloques et publica- tions se font en toute indépendance et conformément à la méthode critique qui est celle des historiens. JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION HISTORY REVUE D’HISTOIRE DE L’INTÉGRATION EUROPÉENNE ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GESCHICHTE DER EUROPÄISCHEN INTEGRATION 2002, Volume 8, Number 2 Hartmut KAELBLE, coordinator Hartmut KAELBLE and Luisa PASSERINI European Public Sphere and European Identity in 20th Century History ................................................................................................ 5 Hartmut KAELBLE The Historical Rise of a European Public Sphere? .......................................... 9 Katiana ORLUC A last Stronghold against Fascism and National Socialism? The Pan-European Debate over the Creation of a European Party in 1932 ... 23 Klaus-Peter SICK A Europe of Pluralist Internationalism: The Development of the French Theory of Interdependence from Emile Durkheim to the Circle around Notre Temps (1890-1930)............................ 45 Alexander SCHMIDT-GERNIG Scenarios of Europe’s Future – Western Future Studies of the Sixties and Seventies as an Example of a Transnational Public Sphere of Experts ......... 69 Fausto GUALTIERI La Communauté européenne et l'audiovisuel: des Assises de Paris à la Conférence de Bruxelles (1989–1994) ................... 91 Wolfram KAISER „Überzeugter Katholik und CDU-Wähler“: Zur Historiographie der Integrationsgeschichte am Beispiel Walter Lipgens .............................. 119 Book reviews – Comptes rendus – Buchbesprechungen.............................. 129 Abstracts – Résumés – Zusammenfassungen............................................... 163 Notices – Informations – Mitteilungen ........................................................ 169 Contributors - Auteurs - Autoren ................................................................. 171 Books received – Livres reçus – Eingegangene Bücher .............................. 173 Editorial notice Articles for inclusion in this journal may be submitted at any time. The editorial board will then arrange for the article to be refereed. Articles should not be longer than 6000 words, footnotes included. They may be in English, French or German. Articles submitted to the Journal should be original contributions and not be submitted to any other publication at the same time as to the Journal of European Integration History. Authors should retain a copy of their article. The publisher and editors cannot accept responsibility for loss of or damage to authors’ typescripts or disks. The accuracy of, and views expressed in articles and reviews are the sole responsibility of the authors. Authors should ensure that typescripts conform with the journal style. Prospective contributors should obtain further guidelines from the Editorial Secretariat. Articles, reviews, communications relating to articles and books for review should be sent to the Editorial Secretariat. Citation The Journal of European Integration History may be cited as follows: JEIH, (Year)/(Number), (Page). ISSN 0947-9511 © 2002 NOMOS Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden and the Groupe de liaison des professeurs d’histoire contemporaine auprès de la Commission européenne. Printed in Germany. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publishers. 5 European Public Sphere and European Identity in 20th Century History Preface by Hartmut Kaelble and Luisa Passerini This special issue of the Journal of European Integration History will deal with the rise of a European identity and of a European public sphere during the 20th century. The two topics are closely interrelated. It is impossible to investigate European identity without taking into account the history of the European public sphere, and at the same time European identity as a central issue in any European public sphere. In addition, for historians the two topics have four characteristics in common. First of all, the two topics are not new for historical research in general. Identity as a notion has been used in an almost inflationary sense by historians dealing with national, regional, local, gender, ethnic, or religious identity during the last ten or fifteen years. Historians usually use the notion in the sense of collective identification with larger entities beyond the family and personal local networks. In recent years historians have become interested in the invention and reinvention of historical identities, in the symbols, rituals and lieux de mémoire of identities, as well as in the role of historiography, in relation to power and protests, and in the political consequences of misused identities. Public sphere is a notion which was used primarily by historians of the late 18th and early 19th centuries to analyse the rising public exchanges and debates on matters of public interest especially in middle class circles. These ideas have also been deployed in popular circles, accessible for everybody in theory and uncontrolled by the government, and also to analyse the changes in the public presentation of monarchs and governments in the public life. The two notions have undergone an intensive scientific debate among historians about their strength and weakness. Historians frequently read theoretical concepts on identity as well as on the public sphere. No historian can now use these notions in a naive way. European identity and the European public sphere have been less frequently in- vestigated by the historians dealing with the history of European integration. The history of European public sphere is a theme from which historians have usually kept away, partly because the history of any public sphere during the 20th century is rarely investigated in general by historians, partly also because many historians do not see the European public sphere as a topic worth of investigation. There seems to be no book by a historian using this notion in the title. European identity, how- ever, has been studied more frequently by historians. A large program for
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