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Komposisi Komunitas Fauna Tanah Yang Aktif Di Permukaan Tanah Pada Areal Pertanianhortikultura Di Desa Pengambaten Kecamatan Merek Kabupaten Karo

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Komposisi Komunitas Fauna Tanah Yang Aktif Di Permukaan Tanah Pada Areal Pertanianhortikultura Di Desa Pengambaten Kecamatan Merek Kabupaten Karo KOMPOSISI KOMUNITAS FAUNA TANAH YANG AKTIF DI PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA AREAL PERTANIANHORTIKULTURA DI DESA PENGAMBATEN KECAMATAN MEREK KABUPATEN KARO SKRIPSI MARTADINA 120805018 PROGRAM STUDI S-1 BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KOMPOSISI KOMUNITAS FAUNA TANAH YANG AKTIF DI PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA AREAL PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA DI DESA PENGAMBATEN KECAMATAN MEREK KABUPATEN KARO SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk melengkapi tugas dan memenuhi syarat mencapai gelar Sarjana Sains MARTADINA 120805018 PROGRAM STUDI S-1 BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS KOMPOSISI KOMUNITAS FAUNA TANAH YANG AKTIF DI PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA AREAL PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA DI DESA PENGAMBATEN KECAMATAN MEREK KABUPATEN KARO SKRIPSI Saya menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini adalah hasil karya sendiri, kecuali beberapa kutipan dan ringkasan yang masing-masing disebutkan sumbernya. Medan, Juli 2018 MARTADINA 120805018 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI Judul : Komposisi Komunitas Fauna Tanah Yang Aktif Di Permukaan Tanah Pada Areal Pertanian Hortikultura Di Desa Pengambaten Kecamatan Merek Kabupaten Karo. Kategori : Skripsi Nama : Martadina Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 120805018 Program Studi : Sarjana Biologi Fakultas : MIPA-Universitas Sumatera Utara Disetujui di Medan, Juli 2018 Komisi Pembimbing Pembimbing 2 Pembimbing 1 Drs. Nursal, M.Si Drs. H. Arlen Hanel John, M.Si NIP. 19611090311990031002 NIP. 195810181990031001 Ketua Program Studi Dr. Saleha Hannum, M.Si NIP. 197108312000122001 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KOMPOSISI KOMUNITAS FAUNA TANAH YANG AKTIF DI PERMUKAAN TANAH PADA AREAL PERTANIAN HORTIKULTURA DI DESA PENGAMBATEN KECAMATAN MEREK KABUPATEN KARO ABSTRAK Penelitian komposisikomunitas faunatanahyang aktif di permukaan tanah pada arealpertanian hortikultura telah dilakukan dari bulan September 2016 sampai April 2017.Tujuan penelitian adalahuntuk menganalisis komposisikomunitas faunatanahyang aktif di permukaan tanah dan hubungannya dengan faktor fisika- kimia tanahpada arealpertanian hortikultura di Desa Pengambaten Kecamatan Merek Kabupaten Karo Provinsi Sumatera Utara.Lokasi sampling terdiri dari tiga petak lahan.Penentuan titik sampling menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Pengambilan sampel fauna tanah menggunakan metode Pitfall trap. Hasil penelitian ditemukan dua filum, lima kelas, 11 ordo, 15 famili dan 20 spesies fauna tanah. Empat spesies fauna tanah yang memiliki potensi sebagai indikator biotik yang ditandai dari nilai ≥KR 10% dan FK ≥ 25% pada lokasi penelitian yaituAphaenogaster sp., Euborellia sp., Onychiurus sp. dan Pangaeus bilineatus. Fauna tanah dengan nilai komposisi tertinggi pada Lokasi I adalah Euborellia sp., Lokasi II adalah Onychiurus sp. dan Lokasi III adalah Aphaenogaster sp. Kata kunci: Fauna tanah, Kabupaten Karo, Pertanian hortikultura, Pitfall trap UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COMPOSITION COMMUNITY OF SOIL FAUNA THAT ACTIVE ON SURFACE IN HORTICULTURAL FARMLAND AT PENGAMBATEN VILLAGE, MEREK SUB-DISTRICT, KARO DISTRICT ABSTRACT The study of soil fauna community that active on surface in horticultural farmland has been conducted from September 2016toApril 2017. The aim of this study was to analyze composition of soil fauna community that active on surface and their correlation with physico-chemical factors in horticultural farmland of Pengambaten village Merek sub-district, Karo district, North Sumatera. The research was conducted in three horticultural farms. Designation of sampling sites were determined by Purpossive Sampling. Soil fauna were sampled using pit fall trap method. The study found 20 specieses consisted of two phylas, six classes, 11 orders, 15 families. Four specieses of soil fauna possessed potential as indicator biotic, shown by the value of Relative Density (KR)≥ 10% and Frequency of Presence ≥ 25% in study site, namely Aphaenogaster sp., Euborellia sp., Onychiurus sp. and Pangaeus bilineatus. Soil fauna with the highest structuring community was shown in Location I by species Euborellia sp., in Location II by species Onychiurussp. and in Location III by species Aphaenogaster sp. Key word: Horticultural farmland, Karo district, Pitfall trap, Soil fauna UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGHARGAAN Alhamdulillah, Puji syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT, karena berkat rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian dan skripsi ini yang berjudul “Komposisi Komunitas Fauna Tanah yang Aktif di Permukaan Tanah pada Areal Pertanian Hortikultura di Desa Pengambaten, Kecamatan Merek, Kabupaten Karo”. Penelitian dan penulisan skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik karena bantuan serta dukungan dari beberapa pihak. Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada kedua orang tua Ayahanda Amir Butar-butar dan Ibunda Nurmasitahanum yang senantiasa memberikan doa, kasih sayang, nasehat, motivasi, dan dukungan moril maupun materil kepada penulis. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada Bapak Drs. H. Arlen Hanel John, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing I sekaligus dosen penasehat akademik penulis dan Bapak Drs. Nursal, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah memberikan banyak bimbingan, masukan, motivasi dengan penuh kesabaran dari awal hingga akhir skiripsi ini. Terima kasih juga penulis sampaikan kepada Ibu Dr. Erni Jumilawaty M.Si selaku dosen penguji I dan Bapak Riyanto Sinaga, S.Si, M.Si selaku dosen penguji II yang telah memberikan banyak saran dan arahan demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini.Terima kasih kepada Ibu Dr. Saleha Hannum, M.Si serta seluruh staf dosen dan pegawai Departemen Biologi FMIPA USU atas semua bantuan yang diberikan kepada penulis selama perkuliahan. Terima kasih kepada seluruh teman seperjuangan: Riri, Cicahaya, Miza, Kinah, Rika, Yan, Diana, Sarah, Yudi, Ihsan, Risda dan Tirta yang telah banyak membantu penulis dalam penelitian maupun penulisan skripsi. Terima kasih juga kepada teman-teman stambuk 2012 (AOC) yang tidak dapat disebutkan namanya satu persatu.Terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada Bang Edward atas seluruh bantuan, dukungan dan masukan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis. Terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada Zamak, Bagus, Ummi, kak Zia dan Topik yang ikhlas membantu dalam penelitian penulis. Terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada Kakak Asuh Kak Saniah dan Kak Tia beserta adik asuh Mahdiyah ardina, serta semua orang UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA yang telah membantu dalam penelitian dan skripsi penulis.Penulis tidak bisa membalas apapun, semoga Allah membalas semua kebaikan teman-teman. Penulis memohon maaf yang sebesar-besarnya apabila terdapat kesalahan dalam penulisan skripsi ini. Akhir kata semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi ilmu pengetahuan.Aamiin Ya Robbal Alaamiin. Medan, Juli 2018 Martadina UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI Halaman PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI i ABSTRAK ii ABSTRACT iii PENGHARGAAN iv DAFTAR ISI vi DAFTAR TABEL viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ix DAFTAR LAMPIRAN x BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1 1.1 Latar Belakang 1 1.2 Permasalahan 2 1.3 Tujuan 3 1.4 Manfaat 3 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 4 2.1 Komposisi Komunitas 4 2.2 Fauna Tanah 4 2.2.1 Ukuran Tubuh 4 2.2.2 Kehadiran 5 2.2.3 Habitat 5 2.2.4 Kegiatan makan 5 2.3 Peranan Fauna Tanah 6 2.4 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Fauna Tanah 6 2.4.1 Suhu Tanah 6 2.4.2 Kelembaban Tanah 7 2.4.3 Kadar Air Tanah 8 2.4.4 Keasaman (pH) Tanah 8 2.4.5 Kadar Organik Tanah 9 2.4.6 Pengelolaan Lahan (Pertanian Hortikultura) 10 BAB 3 METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 11 3.1 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian 11 3.2 Deskripsi Area 11 3.3 Alat dan Bahan 13 3.4 Metode Penelitian 13 3.5 Pelaksanaan penelitian 13 3.5.1 Pengambilan Sampel 13 3.5.2Identifikasi Spesies 14 3.6 Pengukuran Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Tanah 14 3.6.1pH, Kelembaban Tanah dan Suhu Tanah 14 3.6.2Kadar Air Tanah 14 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.6.3Kadar N, P, K dan C-organik 15 3.7 Analisis Data 15 BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Jenis Fauna Tanah yang Ditemukan 17 4.2 Kepadatan dan Kepadatan Relatif Fauna Tanah 19 4.3 Frekuensi Kehadiran (Konstanta) Fauna Tanah 21 4.4 Kepadatan Relatif (KR %) ≥ 10% dan Frekuensi 23 Kehadiran (FK %) ≥ 25% 4.5 Komposisi Spesies Fauna Tanah Lokasi Penelitian 25 BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan 27 5.2 Saran 27 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 28 LAMPIRAN 31 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR TABEL Nomor Judul Halaman Tabel 3.1 Alat yang digunakan untuk Mengukur pH, Kelembaban 14 Tanah dan Suhu Tanah 3.2 Metode Pengukuran Kadar N, P, K dan C-organik 15 4.1 Klasifikasi Fauna Tanah yang Ditemukan pada Setiap 17 Lokasi penelitian 4.2 Nilai Faktor Fisik-Kimia Tanah di Lokasi Penelitian 19 4.3 Nilai Kepadatan (Individu/m2) dan Kepadatan Relatif (%) 20 Fauna Permukaan Tanah Pada Setiap Lokasi Penelitian 4.4 Nilai Frekuensi Kehadiran (%) dan Konstansi 22 FaunaTanahpadaSetiap Lokasi Penelitian 4.5 Nilai KR (%) ≥ 10% dan FK (%) ≥ 25% Fauna permukaan 24 tanah yang Didapatkan pada Setiap Lokasi Penelitian 4.6 Urutan Komposisi Fauna Tanah pada Setiap 25 LokasiPenelitian UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR GAMBAR Nomor Judul Halaman Gambar 3.1 Lokasi I (Lahan kebun Brassica oleracea) 11 3.2 Lokasi II (Lahan kebun Brassica rapa) 12 3.3 Lokasi III (Lahan kebun Passiflora sp.) 12 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Nomor Judul Halaman Lampiran 1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian 31 2. Contoh Perhitungan 32 3. Klasifikasi dan Deskripsi Spesies Fauna Tanah yang 33 Ditemukan pada Penelitian 4. Data Jenis dan Jumlah Fauna Tanah yang Ditemukan Pada 38 Setiap Lokasi Penelitian 5. Hasil Analisis N,
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