DOCSLIB.ORG

Characterization of Mange Mites and Dermatophytes In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characterization of Mange Mites and Dermatophytes In CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGE MITES AND DERMATOPHYTES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS OF DISTRICT CHITRAL KHALID HAMEED 06-arid-601 Department of Zoology/Biology Faculty of Sciences Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan 2017 CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGE MITES AND DERMATOPHTES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS OF DISTRICT CHITRAL by KHALID HAMEED (06-arid-601) A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology Department of Zoology/Biology Faculty of Sciences Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan 2017 ii CONTENTS Page List of Tables vii List of Figures ix List of Plates xi List of Abbreviations xv Acknowledgments xvi Abstract xviii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 09 2.1 ETIOLOGY OF MANGE IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS 09 2.1.1 Morphology and Taxonomy of Demodex Mites 10 2.1.2 Morphology and Taxonomy of Chorioptes Mites 10 2.1.3 Morphology and Taxonomy of Psoroptes Mites 12 2.1.4 Morphology and Taxonomy of Sarcoptes Mites 13 2.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MANGE IN DOMESTIC 16 ANIMALS 2.2.1 Prevalence of Mange in Domestic Animals of Pakistan 19 2.3 ETIOLOGY OF DERMATOPHYTOSIS 20 2.3.1 Epidemiology of Dermatophytes in Domestic Animals 21 2.3.2 Prevalence of Trichophyton verrucosum in Cattle and 22 Transmission to Animal Attendants 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 3.1 STUDY AREA 24 iii 3.1.1 Epidemiology of Mange in Domestic Animals 28 3.2 SURVEYS AND SAMPLING 28 3.2.1 Criteria for Skin Scrapings 28 3.3 DIAGNOSIS OF MANGE AND IDENTIFICATION OF 29 MITES 3.4 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Sarcoptes 29 scabiei 3.4.1 Preparation of Sarcoptes DNA 29 3.4.1.1 Procedure for HotSHOT plus Thermal SHOCK 30 3.4.2 PCR Amplification 30 3.4.3 Microsatellite Analysis: 31 3.5 CHARACTERIZATION OF DERMATOPHYTES IN 35 DOMESTIC ANIMALS 3.5.1 Microscopic Examination of Fungal Hyphae and Spores 35 3.5.2 Real Time PCR for Diagnosis of Dermatophytes 35 3.5.3 DNA Extraction of Dermatophytes 35 3.5.4 Real Time PCR for the confirmation of Dermatophytes: 36 3.6 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 36 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 38 4.1 PREVALENCE OF SKIN DISEASES IN LIVESTOCK 38 4.1.1 Geographical Variations in the Prevalence of Skin Diseases 38 in Livestock 4.1.2 Seasonal Variations in the Prevalence of Skin Diseases in 39 Livestock iv 4.2 PREVALENCE OF MANGE IN LIVESTOCK 39 4.2.1 Prevalence of Psoroptic and Sarcoptic Mange in Small 40 Ruminants 4.2.2 Geographical Variations in the Prevalence of Mange in 40 small Ruminants 4.2.3 Gender Based Comparison of Mange in Small Ruminants: 52 4.2.4 Prevalence of Mange between different Age groups: 52 4.2.5 Seasonal Variations in the Prevalence of Mange: 52 4.2.6 Relationship between Mange Prevalence and Herd Size: 52 4.2.7 Prevalence of Mange in Separate v/s Mixed Herds: 59 4.2.8 Generalized Linear Model with Binomial Distribution 59 for the Quantification of Risk Factors for Mange: 4.3 PREVALENCE OF SKIN DISEASES IN DOGS 60 4.3.1 Seasonal Prevalence of Skin Diseases in Dogs 60 4.3.2 Prevalence of Mange Infestation in Dogs 64 4.3.3 Seasonal Variations in Prevalence of Mange Infestation in 64 Dogs 4.3.4 Prevalence of Mange in Different Age Groups of Dogs 64 4.3.5 Gender Based Comparison of Mange in Dogs 65 4.4 MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Sarcoptes 72 scabiei 4.4.1 Allelic Frequencies of Nine Microsatellite Markers in Dog 73 Derived Sarcoptes scabiei from District Chitral, Pakistan 4.4.2 Allelic Frequencies of Nine Microsatellite Markers in Lynx 74 v Derived Sarcoptes scabiei from District Chitral, Pakistan 4.4.3 Bayesian Cluster Analysis in STRUCTURE 75 4.5 DERMATOPHYTES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS: 101 4.5.1 Prevalence of Trichophyton in Livestock 101 4.5.2 Seasonal Prevalence of Trichophyton verrucosum in 109 Livestock 4.5.3 Geographical Distribution of Trichophyton verrucosum in 109 Livestock 4.5.4 Gender Based Comparison of Trichophyton verrucosum 109 4.5.5 Prevalence of Trichophyton verrucosum in Age Groups 110 4.5.6 Relationship between Trichophyton verrucosum and Herd 110 Size: 4.5.7 Prevalence of Trichophyton verrucosum in separate v/s 110 Mixed Herds 4.5.8 Generalized Linear Model with Binomial Distribution 119 for Quantification of Risk Factors for Trichophyton verrucosum in Livestock: CONCLUSION 127 SUMMARY 129 LITERATURE CITED 131 APPENDICES 158 Annexure 158 vi List of Tables Table No. Page 3.1 Reagents for HotSHOT plus Thermal SHOCK 32 3.2 Primer Specifications for the 9 Sarcoptes mite Microsatellite DNA 33 loci in the Multiplex PCR 3.3 Reagents and Solutions for DNA Extraction 34 4.1 Chi Square Analysis for Mange Infestation in sheep and goats of 58 District Chitral 4.2 Generalized Linear Model with binomial distribution for Risk 61 Factor Assessment for Mange Infestation in Livestock of District Chitral 4.3 Total Number of Alleles Detected at the Nine Microsatellite Loci of 95 the Dog and Lynx Derived Sarcoptes scabiei Population from District Chitral, Pakistan together with their frequencies 4.4 Private Alleles Detected at the Nine Microsatellite Loci of the Dog 96 and Lynx Derived Mite Population from District Chitral, Pakistan together with their frequencies 4.5 Total number of shared alleles detected at the nine microsatellite 97 loci of the dog derived Sarcoptes scabiei population from district Chitral, Pakistan together with their frequencies 4.6 Total number of shared alleles detected at the nine microsatellite 98 loci of the lynx derived Sarcoptes scabiei population from district Chitral, Pakistan together with their frequencies 4.7 Chi square analysis for Trichophyton verrucosum infection in 117 vii livestock of district Chitral 4.8 Generalized Linear Model for risk factor assessment for T. 118 verrucosum infection in livestock of district Chitral viii List of Figures Figure No. Page 4.1 Prevalence (95% C.I.) of skin diseases in livestock species of district 41 Chitral during entire Study 4.2 Prevalence of skin diseases in livestock species from studied 42 villages of district Chitral during entire study 4.3 Prevalence (95% C.I.) of skin diseases in livestock species of district 43 Chitral during summer 4.4 Prevalence of skin diseases in livestock species from studied 44 villages of district Chitral during summer 4.5 Prevalence (95% C.I.) of skin diseases in livestock species of district 45 Chitral during winter 4.6 Prevalence (95% C.I.) of skin diseases in livestock species in 46 studied villages of district Chitral during winter 4.7 Prevalence of mange in sheep and goats of district Chitral 50 4.8 Prevalence of mange in studied village of district Chitral 51 4.9 Gender Based Comparison of mange in small ruminants of district 53 Chitral 4.10 Age wise distribution of mange in small ruminants of district Chitral 54 4.11 Seasonal comparison of mange in small ruminants of district Chitral 55 4.12 Herd based comparison of mange in small ruminants of district 56 Chitral 4.13 Distribution of mange in different herds in small ruminants of 57 district Chitral ix 4.14 Seasonal prevalence of skin diseases in dogs of district Chitral 62 4.15 Results of negative log likelihoods [(ln P(D)] versus K in 99 STRUCTURE Harvestor indicating 5 clusters (K=5) suitable for mites under study 4.16 Results of the delta K in STRUCTURE Harvestor indicating 5 99 clusters (K=5) suitable for mites under study. 4.17 Bar plot developed in STRUCTURE software showing degree of 100 individual variations among Sarcoptes scabiei mites from different hosts and different geographical regions in four clusters (K=4) and five clusters (K=5). Five clusters (K=5) best suited to represent above mentioned mite populations. 4.18 Prevalence of T. verrucosum in livestock species of district Chitral 108 4.19 Seasonal prevalence of T. verrucosum in livestock of district Chitral 111 4.20 Village based comparison of T. verrucosum in livestock of district 112 Chitral 4.21 Gender based distribution of T. verrucosum in livestock of district 113 Chitral 4.22 Prevalence of T. verrucosum in age groups of livestock of district 114 Chitral 4.23 Prevalence of T. verrucosumi in different herd sizes of livestock in 115 district Chitral 4.24 Prevalence of T. verrucosum in different types of herds in district 116 Chitral x List of Plates Plate No. Page 3.1 Map of district Chitral showing the locations of studied villages 25 3.2 Temporary herds and grazing at high altitude pastures 26 3.3 Animals with Visible sign of Sign Diseases 27 4.1 Psoroptes ovis mites in skin scrapings from sheep after digestion 47 with 10% KOH at 40X magnification 4.2 Psoroptes ovis mites in skin scrapings from sheep after digestion 47 with 10% KOH at 40X magnification 4.3 Psoroptes ovis nymph in skin scrapings from sheep after digestion 48 with 10% KOH at 10X magnification 4.4 Psoroptes ovis nymph in skin scrapings from sheep after digestion 48 with 10% KOH at 40X magnification 4.5 Sarcoptes scabiei mites in skin scrapings after digestion from sheep 49 at 40x magnification 4.6 Sarcoptes scabiei mites along with nymph in skin scrapings after 49 digestion from sheep at 10x magnification 4.7 Dog with alopacea and crust lesions on legs 63 4.8 Sarcoptes scabiei isolated from skin scrapings of dog after 63 digestion with 10% KOH at 40X 4.9 Alleles of dog derived Sarcoptes scabiei specific microsatellite 77 Sarm 33. 4.10 Alleles of lynx derived Sarcoptes scabiei specific microsatellite 78 Sarm 33.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ESCCAP Guidelines Final
    ESCCAP Malvern Hills Science Park, Geraldine Road, Malvern, Worcestershire, WR14 3SZ First Published by ESCCAP 2012 © ESCCAP 2012 All rights reserved This publication is made available subject to the condition that any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise is with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. This publication may only be distributed in the covers in which it is first published unless with the prior written permission of ESCCAP. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-907259-40-1 ESCCAP Guideline 3 Control of Ectoparasites in Dogs and Cats Published: December 2015 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................4 SCOPE..............................................................................................................................................................5 PRESENT SITUATION AND EMERGING THREATS ......................................................................................5 BIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF ECTOPARASITES ...................................................................6 1. Fleas.............................................................................................................................................................6 2. Ticks ...........................................................................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report Therapeutic Management of Chronic Generalized Demodicosis in a Pug
    Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 1 (2S): 26 – 28 Special Issue–2 (Clinical Veterinary Practice– Trends) http://www.nexusacademicpublishers.com/journal/4 Case Report Therapeutic Management of Chronic Generalized Demodicosis in a Pug Neeraj Arora2*, Sukhdeep Vohra1, Satyavir Singh1, Sandeep Potliya2, Anshul Lather3, Akhil Gupta3, Devan Arora4, Davinder Singh4 1 Veterinary Parasitology; 2 Veterinary Surgery and Radiology; 3 Veterinary Microbiology; 4 Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar – 125004, Haryana. *Corresponding author: [email protected] ARTICLE HISTORY ABSTRACT Received: 2013–11–07 A two year old female pug was presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, LLRUVAS, Revised: 2013–12–30 Hisar with the history of itching, alopecia, crust formation, haemorrhage and thickening of the Accepted: 2013–12–30 skin on face, neck, trunk and abdomen since last two months. The condition was laboratory diagnosed as chronic demodicosis and treated with amitraz and ivermectin along with supportive therapy. The female pug responded well to the treatment and recovered completely on 28th day Key Words: Amitraz, after the start of the treatment. Demodicosis, Ivermectin, Pug All copyrights reserved to Nexus® academic publishers ARTICLE CITATION: Arora N, Vohra S, Singh S, Potliya S, Lather A, Gupta A,Arora D and Davinder Singh D (2013). Therapeutic management of chronic generalized demodicosis in a pug. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 1 (2S): 26 – 28. INTRODUCTION was observed in the region of face, neck, trunk and limbs Animal skin is exposed to attack by many kinds of parasites and (Figure 1). each species has a particular effect on the skin; thatcan be mild or severe.
    [Show full text]
  • Deconstructing Canine Demodicosis”
    TESIS DOCTORAL TITULO: “Deconstructing canine demodicosis” AUTOR: Ivan Ravera DIRECTORES: Lluís Ferrer, Mar Bardagí, Laia Solano Gallego. PROGRAMA DE DOCTORADO: Medicina i Sanitat Animals DEPARTAMENTO: Medicina i Cirurgia Animals UNIVERSIDAD: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 2015 Dr. Lluis Ferrer i Caubet, Dra. Mar Bardagí i Ametlla y Dra. Laia María Solano Gallego, docentes del Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animales de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, HACEN CONSTAR: Que la memoria titulada “Deconstructing canine demodicosis” presentada por el licenciado Ivan Ravera para optar al título de Doctor por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, se ha realizado bajo nuestra dirección, y considerada terminada, autorizo su presentación para que pueda ser juzgada por el tribunal correspondiente. Y por tanto, para que conste firmo el presente escrito. Bellaterra, el 23 de Septiembre de 2015. Dr. Lluis Ferrer, Dra. Mar Bardagi, Ivan Ravera Dra. Laia Solano Gallego Directores de la tesis doctoral Doctorando AGRADECIMIENTOS A los alquimistas de guantes azules A los otros luchadores - Ester Blasco - Diana Ferreira - Lola Pérez - Isabel Casanova - Aida Neira - Gina Doria - Blanca Pérez - Marc Isidoro - Mercedes Márquez - Llorenç Grau - Anna Domènech - los internos del HCV-UAB - Elena García - los residentes del HCV-UAB - Neus Ferrer - Manuela Costa A los veterinarios - Sergio Villanueva - del HCV-UAB - Marta Carbonell - dermatólogos españoles - Mónica Roldán - Centre d’Atenció d’Animals de Companyia del Maresme A los sensacionales genetistas
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Characterization of Demodex Mites and Its Therapeutic
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(5): 661-664 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Morphological characterization of demodex mites JEZS 2017; 5(5): 661-664 © 2017 JEZS and its therapeutic management with neem leaves Received: 25-07-2017 Accepted: 26-08-2017 in canine demodicosis M Veena Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, M Veena, H Dhanalakshmi, Kavitha K, Placid ED’ Souza and GC Hassan, KVAFSU, Bidar, Puttalaksmamma Karnataka, India H Dhanalakshmi Abstract Department of Veterinary The present investigation was focused on morphological characterization of demodex mites and its Parasitology, Veterinary College, therapeutic management with neem leaves in canine demodicosis conducted in Department of Veterinary Hassan, KVAFSU, Bidar, Parasitology, Veterinary College, Hassan from April 2016 to March 2017. The skin scrapings were Karnataka, India collected from clinical cases suspected for canine demodicosis presented to the Teaching Veterinary Clinical complex, Hassan Veterinary College among which 25 clinical cases were selected and Kavitha K examined. Two species of demodex mites were observed viz., D. canis and D. cornei. The microscopic Department of Veterinary examination of skin scrapings revealed the presence of mixed infection with D. canis and D. cornei in 4 Medicine, Veterinary College, and only D. canis in 5 dogs. The morphometry of mites revealed that mean total body length (130.1 ± 14 Hassan, KVAFSU, Bidar, Karnataka, India µm) of D. cornei was much less than that of D. canis (210.6 ± 12.6 µm). Placid ED’ Souza Keywords: D. canis, D. cornei, Skin scrapings, Morphometry Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, 1. Introduction Hassan, KVAFSU, Bidar, Demodicosis is also called as demodectic mange or red mange or follicular mange caused by Karnataka, India Demodex canis [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Two Morphologically Distinct Forms of Demodex Mites Found in Dogs with Canine Demodicosis from Vladivostok, Russia
    Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2017, 67 (1), 82-91 UDK: 636.7.09:616.5-002(470) Research article DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0008 TWO MORPHOLOGICALLY DISTINCT FORMS OF DEMODEX MITES FOUND IN DOGS WITH CANINE DEMODICOSIS FROM VLADIVOSTOK, RUSSIA MOSKVINA Tatyana Vladimirovna* Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Russian Federation, Vladivostok, 8 Suhanova str. (Received 07 August 2016, Accepted 20 January 2017) The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology of Demodex canis and Demodex sp. cornei found in six dogs with canine demodicosis. A deep skin scraping technique was used for Demodex mite detection. Measurement data of 52 adult D. canis mites (26 females, 25 males and one specimen whose sex could not be determined) and 39 adult Demodex sp. cornei mites (22 females, 14 males and three specimens whose sex could not be determined) were reported. The correlation between body size of both Demodex species were estimated by the Student’s t-test. There was a signifi cant correlation between short-tail and long-tail forms and total body length and length of the podosoma and opisthosoma (p<0.05). A signifi cant difference was not found between the length of the gnathosoma and short-tail and long-tail forms (p>0.05). Demodex sp. cornei and D. canis, found in dogs from Vladivostok, were smaller than species from other countries. However, the present data did not signifi cantly differ from other studies with D. canis and Demodex sp. cornei descriptions. Key words: demodicosis; dog; Demodex canis; Demodex cornei INTRODUCTION Canine demodicosis is one of the most well known skin diseases in veterinary practice [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Grado En Veterinaria
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Repositorio Universidad de Zaragoza Trabajo Fin de Grado en Veterinaria DEMODICOSIS CANINA: UNA NUEVA ALTERNATIVA TERAPEÚTICA CANINE DEMODICOSIS: A NEW THERAPY Autor/es Guiomar Ibáñez Martínez Director/es Maite Verde Arribas Mercedes Peciña García Facultad de Veterinaria 2016 INDICE 1. RESUMEN …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 2. INTRODUCCIÓN ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 Demodicosis canina…………………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Agentes causales……………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Transmisión……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Factores predisponentes……………………………………………………………………………………………6 Clasificación……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Signos clínicos……………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 Inmunología y fisiopatogenia…………………………………………………………………………………….11 Pruebas diagnósticas…………………………………………………………………………………………………12 Tratamiento demodicosis canina……………………………………………………………………………….13 Antiguos tratamientos…………………………………………………………………………………………14 Nuevos tratamientos…………………………………………………………………………………………..16 3. JUSTIFICACIÓN Y OBJETIVOS ………………………………….…………………………………………………19 4. RECURSOS Y METODOLOGÍA …………………………………………………………………………………….19 5. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ……………………………………………………………………………………….20 6. CONCLUSIONES ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..28 7. VALORACIÓN PERSONAL …………………………………………………………………………………………..29 8. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS …………………………………………………………………………………29 9. AGRADECIMIENTOS ………………………………………………………………………………………………….31 10.
    [Show full text]
  • Acari: Demodicidae) Species from White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Parasitology Volume 2013, Article ID 342918, 7 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/342918 Research Article Morphologic and Molecular Characterization of a Demodex (Acari: Demodicidae) Species from White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Michael J. Yabsley,1, 2 Sarah E. Clay,1 Samantha E. J. Gibbs,1, 3 Mark W. Cunningham,4 and Michaela G. Austel5, 6 1 Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, e University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Wildlife Health Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA 2 Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, e University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA 3 Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S Fish & Wildlife Service, Laurel, MD 20708, USA 4 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA 5 Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, e University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA 6 Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, Woburn, MA 01801, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Michael J. Yabsley; [email protected] Received 26 October 2012; Accepted 15 November 2012 Academic Editors: G. Mkoji, P. Somboon, and J. Venegas Hermosilla Copyright © 2013 Michael J. Yabsley et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Demodex mites, although usually nonpathogenic, can cause a wide range of dermatological lesions ranging from mild skin irritation and alopecia to severe furunculosis. Recently, a case of demodicosis from a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) revealed a Demodex species morphologically distinct from Demodex odocoilei.
    [Show full text]
  • Updates on the Management of Canine Demodicosis
    PEEP R RREREVEEVVIEWED DERMATOLOGY DETAILS Updates on the Management of Canine Demodicosis Sandra N. Koch, DVM, MS, DACVD University of Minnesota Canine demodicosis is a common inflammatory establish prognosis and provide a successful parasitic skin disease believed to be associated with treatment, it is very important to evaluate the: a genetic or immunologic disorder. This disease • Age of onset allows mites from the normal cutaneous biota to proliferate in the hair follicles and sebaceous • Extent and location of skin lesions glands, leading to alopecia, erythema, scaling, • Presence of secondary infections hair casting, pustules, furunculosis, and secondary • General health of the dog.1,3,5 infections.1-3 The face and forelegs to the entire 1-3 body surface of the dog may be affected. Independent of age, it is important to identify and treat any predisposing or contributing factors Three morphologically different types in order to achieve a successful outcome.1-3 of Demodex mites exist in dogs: 1. Demodex canis: The most common form of Demodex (Figure 1) 2. D cornei: A short-body form, likely a morphological variant of D canis4 (Figure 2, page 78) 3. D injai: A long-body form1-3 (Figure 3, page 78) Published studies indicate similar efficacy of treatment regardless of the type of mite.1,2 THERAPEUTIC APPROACH Effective treatment of generalized demodicosis requires a multimodal approach.1,2 In order to FIGURE 1. Demodex canis identified on skin scrapings. JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2017 TVPJOURNAL.COM 77 PEER REVIEWED AGE OF ONSET Adult-Onset Juvenile-Onset In dogs older than 18 months of age, demodicosis may occur as a result of immunosuppression due to Demodicosis may occur in dogs 18 months of age drugs (eg, glucocorticoids, ciclosporin, oclacitinib or younger as a result of an immunocompromised maleate, chemotherapy) or systemic disease (eg, state associated with endoparasitism, malnutrition, hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, neoplasia, or health debilitation.
    [Show full text]
  • DEMODICIOSE CANINA SANTOS , Patricia
    REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ELETÔNICA DE MEDICINA VETERINÁRIA – ISSN: 1679-7353 Ano VI – Número 11 – Julho de 2008 – Periódicos Semestral DEMODICIOSE CANINA SANTOS , Patricia SANTOS , Valquíria Dissentes do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da FAMED – Garça ZAPPA , Vanessa Docente da Associação Cultural e Educacional da FAMED – Garça RESUMO A demodiciose é umas das principais dermatopatias caninas, ocasionadas por ácaros comensais do gênero Demodex , destacando –se o Demodex canis , que proliferam excessivamente, em decorrência da falha na resposta celular. A doença pode se apresentar de duas formas clínicas: Dermatite Localizada ( DL) e Dermatite Generalizada ( DG). A DL é mais comum em cães jovens sendo auto-limitante na maioria dos casos. A contaminação pode se dar nos primeiros dias de vida, através do contato íntimo com a mãe portadora. A DG ocorre principalmente em animais com mais de dois anos de idade, e seu prognóstico é reservado. O tratamento requer a utilização de fármacos adequados e correta orientação aos proprietários. Palavras –chave : Cão , Sarna, Demodicose. Tema- Central : Medicina Veterinária ABSTRACT Demodiciose is ones of the main canine dermatopatias, caused for comensais mites of the Demodex sort, detaching - the Demodex kennels, that proliferate excessively, in result of the imperfection in the cellular reply. The illness can be presented of two clinical forms: Located dermatitis (DL) and Dermatite Generalizada (DG). The DL is more common in young dogs, being auto-limitante in the majority of the cases. The contamination can be given in the first days of life, through the close contact with the carrying mother. The DG occurs mainly in animals with more than two years of age, and its prognótico is reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSIDADE SANTO AMARO Medicina Veterinária
    UNIVERSIDADE SANTO AMARO Medicina Veterinária Fernanda Ramaldes Coelho REVISÃO DE LITERATURA E ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DA DEMODICIOSE CANINA SÃO PAULO 2018 Fernanda Ramaldes Coelho REVISÃO DE LITERATURA E ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DA DEMODICIOSE CANINA Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Santo Amaro - UNISA, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título Bacharel em Medicina Veterinária Orientador Prof. Edilson Isídio da Silva Junior SÃO PAULO 2018 C616r Coelho, Fernanda Ramaldes Revisão de literatura e estudo retrospectivo da demodiciose canina / Fernanda Ramaldes Coelho. – São Paulo, 2018. 69 f.: il. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Bacharelado em Medicina Veterinária) – Universidade Santo Amaro, 2018. Orientador(a): Prof. Edilson Isídio da Silva Júnior 1. Cães. 2. Demodex. 3. Sarna. 4. Dermatopatia. I. Silva Júnior, Edilson Isídio, orient. II. Universidade Santo Amaro. III. Título. Elaborado por Ricardo Pereira de Souza – CRB 8 / 9485 Fernanda Ramaldes Coelho REVISÃO DE LITERATURA E ESTUDO RETROSPECTIVO DA DEMODICIOSE CANINA Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado ao Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Santo Amaro - UNISA, como requisito parcial para obtenção do título Bacharel em Medicina Veterinária. Orientador: Prof. Edilson Isídio da Silva Junior São Paulo, 11 de Dezembro de 2018 Banca examinadora Prof. Edilson Isídio da Silva Junior Orientador Professor Convidado 1 Professor Convidado 2 Conceito Final: AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a Deus por me iluminar, me proporcionar força e determinação para não desistir e estar sempre comigo nos momentos difíceis. Aos meus pais Márcio e Rose pela educação e pela base estrutural, pelo apoio que sempre ofereceram e incentivo de ir atrás dos meus estudos e sonhos.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Parasitic Diseases J
    Companion Animal Zoonoses COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Parasitic Diseases 1 J. Scott Weese , Andrew S. Peregrine , Maureen E.C. Anderson , and Martha B. Fulford Introduction that undergoes sexual reproduction. Like other ascarids, as well as hookworms and Trichuris , A. Companion animals can harbor a wide range of lumbricoides undergoes a maturation stage in soil parasites, some of which are transmissible to and is therefore sometimes referred to as a geohel- humans. The overall burden of human diseases minth. 1 Female worms are larger than males and attributable to companion animal - associated para- can reach 40 cm in length and 6 mm in diameter. 2 sites is unknown and varies greatly between regions. The risks associated with some are often Life c ycle overstated while others are largely ignored, and the range of illness can extend from mild and self - Adult worms live within the small intestinal lumen limited to fatal. of humans and excrete massive numbers of eggs per day. As with other ascarids, eggs are not imme- Ascaris l umbricoides diately infective and must mature to infective third - stage larvae in the environment over a period Introduction of days. After embryonated eggs are ingested by a human, larvae hatch, penetrate the intestinal A. lumbricoides is a roundworm that has typically mucosa, and reach the liver via portal circulation. been considered host specifi c to humans; however, After migrating through the liver, the larvae even- there is evidence of infection of dogs and the tually reach the lungs, penetrate the airways, potential for dogs to be an uncommon source of ascend the tracheobronchial tree, and are coughed human infection.
    [Show full text]
  • The Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Demodex Injai Demodicosis in Dogs: a Report of Eight Cases
    DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n5p3387 The epidemiological and clinical aspects of Demodex injai demodicosis in dogs: a report of eight cases Aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos da demodiciose por Demodex injai em cães: relato de oito casos Rayane Sol Amaral Silva Sgarbossa1*; Gisele Vieira Sechi1; Bruna Duarte Pacheco1; Stephany Buba Lucina2; Maicon Roberto Paulo3; Fabiana dos Santos Monti1; Marconi Rodrigues de Farias4 Abstract The mite Demodex injai causes demodicosis, an uncommon, chronic, and recurrent parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Demodicosis is characterized by an excessive proliferation of the Demodex injai mite in the pilosebaceous unit. Typically, demodicosis occurs in adults, and is associated with an underlying disease or a specific host immunodeficiency. Here, we describe the epidemiological, clinical, dermatological, and therapeutic aspects of Demodex injai demodicosis in dogs (n=8) at the Hospital Unit for Companion Animals of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná in Brazil. The affected dogs were predominantly purebred, had a mean age of eight years, and showed no gender predisposition. The lesions were predominantly alopecic and erythematous-desquamatory, associated with follicular dyskeratosis and greasiness of the coat, and mainly affected the facial region, in addition to the back and limbs. The animals had a history of allergic, dyskeratotic, endocrine, neoplastic, and immunosuppressive comorbidities. The diagnosis of demodicosis was based on multiple skin scrapings, trichogram, and acetate tape impression of the lesion areas, macroscopic observation, and morphological characterization of the mite. Macrocyclic lactones were effectively used for treatment in most cases; however, improvement of the condition may be related to adjunctive treatment of the underlying disease. Key words: Canine.
    [Show full text]