LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, INC

600 CHARLTON STREET • SOUTHDRIDGE • MASSACHUSETTS 01550 FINAL REPORT PHASE II IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT QUABOAG & QUACUMQUASIT PONDS TOWN OF BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS

JULY 1994

PROJECTS: NF-3491

SUBMITTED BY:

LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, INC. 600 CHARLTON STREET SOUTHBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 01550 (508) 765-0101

LYCOTT I I • TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND ...... 1

I EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM...... 2

• FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURE...... 3

WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM ...... 7

B RESULTS OF MONITORING ...... 10 Temperature ...... 10 I Dissolved Oxygen ...... 10 m pH...... 11 _ Nitrate Nitrogen...... 1 1 • Phosphorus ...... 11 Flow ...... 16 • Water Clarity...... 1 6

IMPACT OF PHASE II PROGRAM ...... 18

I RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING...... 2 1 Management ...... 21 I Monitoring...... 2 2

REFERENCES ...... 24

APPENDICES " _ A: FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURE PLANS | B: FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURE PAYMENT SCHEDULE C: MONITORING DATA FROM THREE TIME PERIODS

I TABLES

• 1. Statistical Comparison of Phosphorus Concentrations...... 1 4

FIGURES

•- 1. Water Quality Sampling Stations ...... 9 2. Weighted Mean Phosphorus Levels ...... 13 • 3. Comparison of Weighted Mean Flows...... 1 7 i i LYCOTT I I INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND

I Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds are contiguous water bodies located in the Towns of Brookfield, East Brookfield, and Sturbridge, Massachusetts. Quaboag Pond covers about 540 acres with an average depth of less than 7 feet, while Quacumquasit Pond has an area of about I 220 acres and an average depth of over 32 feet. Although Quaboag Pond is larger in area, it holds only about half the volume of Quacumquasit Pond and has a much shorter detention time. I Quacumquasit Pond flows into Quaboag Pond under dry weather conditions, but flows reverse during significant wet weather events as a consequence of substantial water inputs from the large watershed of Quaboag Pond, which extends into nine towns. Both ponds suffer from algal I blooms and Quaboag Pond also has dense growths of rooted aquatic vegetation. A Phase I diagnostic/feasibility study performed in 1984-85 (BEC 1986) recommended I substantial decreases in phosphorus inputs to the ponds, citing multiple sources which include the Spencer waste water treatment facility (WWTF), agricultural operations (especially dairy farms), urban runoff, and on-site waste water disposal (septic) systems. As a large portion of the I phosphorus load to Quacumquasit Pond comes from Quaboag Pond, it was also recommended that a flow control structure be installed in the channel which connects these ponds to minimize I flow reversals. The Clean Lakes Task Force, an appointed group of citizens, sought and received funding from I the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to develop an educational program for watershed residents, install a flow control structure, and establish a monitoring program to track water quality and pollution abatement progress. Baystate Environmental Consultants, Inc. (BEC) was hired and I provided development and design services relating to these tasks. BEC also conducted pre- construction monitoring for a nine month period. When the BEC contract expired and was not renewed, Lycott Environmental Research, Inc. (Lycott) was retained to supervise the installation I of the flow control structure, assist volunteer monitors with the monitoring program, and prepare a final report. This report is a compilation of the results of the Phase II Quaboag\Quacumquasit I Ponds Implementation Project. I I I I I I I I EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

I The Phase I study suggested suboptimal awareness by watershed residents of the interrelation of watershed activities and downstream water quality. An educational program which would I heighten that awareness was devised with the hope that it might result in voluntary modification of residential management practices such as septic system maintenance, yard waste disposal, and lawn fertilization. A desired secondary effect would be support for local and state level I legislative efforts to control pollution, such as mandatory setbacks from water resources and the phosphate detergent ban. I A slide show was prepared by EEC and reviewed by the Clean Lakes Task Force for distribution to the three towns involved in the project. The slide show was geared towards high school and adult audiences. It covered common limnological processes and problems, using examples from I the Quaboag/Quacumquasit system, then addressed measures for managing these ponds and the recommended approach in this case. Through the generous support of Barstow Associates, a local videotaping and editing firm, the slide show was converted into a videotape which was then I aired numerous times on local cable television and at area schools. I Additionally, the Lake Lashaway Association developed a brochure on responsible environmental management of residential properties and lakes. These brochures were distributed to all homeowners within the Lake Lashaway watershed, which is upstream of Quaboag Pond on I the Fivemile River. The Clean Lakes Task Force also ordered 500 copies of a brochure produced in Maine for distribution to homeowners living near Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds. This I brochure describes sources of phosphorus to lakes and methods for minimizing inputs. Ideally, a follow-up survey similar to the residential practices survey conducted as part of the Phase I study would be performed to evaluate changes in attitudes and practices since the I education program began. Such a survey was not part of the funded Phase II project, however. The passage of the phosphate detergent ban in 1993 after several failed attempts strongly implies I the value of educational programs, but direct local linkage has not been established. I I I I I I LYCOTT I I FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURE

I Near the conclusion of the 1984-85 study, when it became apparent that flow reversals from Quaboag Pond were an important source of nutrients to Quacumquasit Pond, the Clean Lakes I Task Force began experimenting with possible flow control structures. Sandbags proved to be the most versatile experimental material, allowing easy adjustment of structure height and testing of weir configurations. The configurations tested over the next two years clearly demonstrated I the potential for reducing flow reversals, but lacked the structural integrity to function permanently and could not be easily manipulated to allow boat traffic during periods of normal flow. It was therefore determined that a design should be developed for a more permanent I structure which would satisfy as many needs as possible. The installation of the flow control structure was dependent on three factors: arriving at an I acceptable location and design; acquiring the proper permits; and hiring a suitable contractor. By September of 1988, BEC deemed the area immediately south of the Lake Road bridge as the most appropriate location for the flow control structure. Subsequent inspection by a BEC bridge I engineer determined that the bridge was in good structural condition, thus making a support structure unnecessary. A variety of possible flow control designs generated and evaluated by the I BEC staff included: * Concrete wingwalls with flashboard openings for water and boat passage; » A bascule gate at the bridge of a concrete wingwall; I * Swinging gates at the bridge; * A pivoting (upward swinging) gate with counterweights at the bridge; and I * Vertically winched gates or flashboard panels at the bridge. In generating and evaluating these designs, the following criteria were employed: * Minimization of flow reversals; I » Structural considerations; » Operational benefits and flexibility; » Passage of water, boats and fish; I » Capital and maintenance costs; » Flood prevention around North Pond; and I * Permit considerations and related environmental factors. After careful analysis of the designs, the vertically winched gates were determined to be the I preferred option. A copy of the construction plans can be found in Appendix A. As-built plans for the flow control structure were not produced, as there were no significant changes in its permanent features from the original plans. Several construction process changes were made I (i.e., cofferdam location, erosion controls) but these had no observable effect on the finished I product. I I I I In February of 1988, a Joint Order of Conditions was issued by the Conservation Commissions of Brookfield, East Brookfield and Sturbridge. A Chapter 91 Waterways license was obtained, I and bid documents were prepared and distributed. The bid opening, held in late September of 1989, revealed that Warner Brothers of Sunderland, Massachusetts was clearly the lowest I qualified bidder, and BEC recommended the selection of Warner Brothers as the contractor. By May of 1990, the Selectman and Warner Brothers signed the contract for the installation of the flow control structure. Construction of the flow control structure was delayed first by a long lead I time for custom fabrication of the aluminum slide gates, then by high water levels that precluded proper construction and compliance with permit conditions. The flow barrier was installed by I Warner Brothers on July 11, 1991. The BEC contract expired in January of 1991, however, and was not renewed. In March of 1991, Lycott Environmental Research, Inc. was awarded a contract to complete Phase II. In I accordance with this contract, Lycott provided construction observation services for the construction of the flow control structure to ensure that Warner Brothers complied with environmental permits and the project plans and specifications prepared for the Town of I Brookfield by BEC, Inc. Lycott was represented by Hamer D. Clarke, P.E. who met with the contractor, Warner Brothers, prior to the onset of the construction to ensure understanding and I compliance with the Order of Conditions, method of construction, and the control procedures. The construction site was visited daily for five construction days to ensure continued compliance I with conditions. A copy of Lycotfs overall measurement of payment items (Appendix B) was forwarded to the Brookfield Board of Selectmen upon completion of the construction of the flow control structure. I As noted on the list of pay items, fewer haybales and siltfence were used than expected for erosion control, and no manufacturer's representative service fees were incurred. Also, the gabion mattresses occupied almost 17% less area than projected. All of these factors resulted in I cost savings to the project.

The concrete footing for the structure required just a little more concrete than originally I expected, resulting in a very small cost increase. A far more substantial cost increase was associated with the cofferdam, which was relocated to allow access for construction equipment I from the south side of Lake Road and to increase the working space in the channel. As construction was weather-dependent and further delays were considered very undesirable, this change appeared appropriate and was verbally approved immediately after consultation in the I field by Mr. Clarke. The length of cofferdam roughly doubled, as did the price of its installation. Cost increases more than offset cost savings, raising the total cost for installation of the flow I control structure from $59,478 to $65,455, a difference of $5,977. I I I I I Once installed, the flow control structure was operated as dictated in the corresponding Order of Conditions. Operation has been by volunteer "flow-watchers" and by the Town of Brookfield I Police and Public Works Departments. The larger, central gate has remained open during dry weather, but has been closed at the onset of flow reversals to form a barrier to Quaboag Pond I water heading for Quacumquasit Pond. In cases where the Quaboag Pond water level rose sufficiently to overtop the gates, all three gates were winched open to allow the flood storage capacity of Quacumquasit Pond to be used to prevent flooding around Quaboag Pond. All three I gates were raised before ice formation in late autumn to avoid being frozen shut and have been left in the open position until spring thaw.

I Interference of the structure with boat traffic is inevitable to some extent, but has been minimized by operational practices (e.g., air horn signals gate closings at least 15 minutes in advance) and the establishment of a formal boat ramp on Quacumquasit Pond. Operational conditions are I noted on signs at the bridge. Fish passage does not appear to have been an obvious problem, but monitoring data by which such impacts could be evaluated are scarce. There have been several incidents of vandalism and tampering, but nothing very serious has occurred; locks were installed I on the actual gates in late 1993 to prevent unauthorized opening or closing. I The first recorded use of the flow control structure to prevent a flow reversal occurred on August 19, 1991. Closures during the remainder of 1991 totaled 16 days over four separate closures. The first use of the flow control structure in 1992 was on April 18th, and closures through the I spring covered 26 days in four separate events. Very heavy rain in June resulted in the gates being closed to start the summer; they were not reopened until July 13th, 21 days later. There I were seven additional closures in 1992, totaling 33 days. The flow control structure appears to have been successful in reducing late spring, summer and early autumn flow reversals, but concern has been expressed regarding the need for winter and I early spring closures to reduce flow reversals and associated phosphorus loading during that critical period. The Order of Conditions governing gate operation was amended in mid-1993 to alter the emphasis of flow control to center on prevention of spring flow reversals. Eventually I the summer-fall closures may resume, but it was decided to minimize interference with boat I traffic while evaluating the effects of winter-spring closure. There is no record of any spring closure in 1993, but there were three recorded summer-early autumn closures for a total of 21 days. The gates were closed on October 13, 1993 in response to I a flow reversal, and it was decided to leave the gates down until spring of 1994, in conformance with the Amended Order of Conditions. Unauthorized opening of the gates occurred on several I dates prior to December 18th, when locks were installed. I I I I I After remaining down for about three months, the gates were opened on March 20, 1994, and appeared in good condition. Based on water level data in the gate log book, the water in I Quacumquasit Pond was 3 to 6 inches higher than the water in Quaboag Pond from December 16, 1993 to March 9, 1994. The water level in both ponds rose in mid-March, with a slight flow I reversal on March 12-13, 1994 and a greater one starting on March 30, 1994. Available records end at this point. I The 1984-85 study (BEC 1986) indicated that distinct flow reversal conditions exist about 17% of the time, with flow reversal possible during up to an additional 15% of the time. Use of the flow control structure prevented flow reversals during 9% of the time it was in service in 1991, I 22% of 1992, and 6% of 1993 up until closure for the remainder of the year in October. 1992 was a wet year and 1993 was a dry year, suggesting the range of likely gate closure time under I the original Order of Conditions. I I I I I I I I I I I I LYCOTT I I I WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAM The Phase I study (BEC 1986) included 17 samplings at up to 11 locations, plus several specific investigations of water quality in storm water, smaller tributaries, and private wells. More I frequent flow data was collected by Mr. Arnold Austin for the channel between Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds, and proved invaluable in the evaluation of flow reversals. A variety of water quality parameters were tested to develop a baseline data set for these ponds, employing I standard methods as outlined in the 1986 Phase I report. Analyses not conducted with field instrumentation were conducted by Berkshire Enviro-Labs of Lee, MA.

I Measurements of key parameters, such as flow, temperature, dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus, were repeated with the pre-construction monitoring samples collected between June 1988 and April of 1989 by BEC personnel at the standard set of stations (QQ-1 through QQ-8). I This monitoring was conducted during part of a period of significant change within the watershed, with events including the most recent upgrade of the Spencer WWTF and the closing I of multiple dairy farms. The purpose of this phase of the monitoring program was to supplement pre-construction monitoring in the Phase I study and to assess the results of phosphorus I discharge reductions at the Spencer WWTF and elsewhere in the watershed. In August 1990, a training workshop was held by BEC to provide volunteer monitors with instructions on the use of sampling equipment and knowledge of other related logistical I procedures. The goal was to train volunteer monitors to assume responsibility for the overall monitoring program, with anticipation that the flow control structure would be installed in the autumn of 1990. Necessary equipment was purchased and monitoring at key stations was I planned, but sample collection was postponed when the installation of the flow control structure was delayed.

I In March of 1991, Lycott provided additional training for volunteer monitors in preparation for the post-construction monitoring program. Sampling was initiated at that time to further I supplement the pre-construction monitoring database, as no sampling had been conducted for almost two years. The volunteer group continued to collect samples after installation of the flow control structure in July of 1991, forming the basis of the post-construction water quality I evaluation. The first four volunteer samplings were pre-construction collections, while the I remaining 16 samplings comprised the post-construction monitoring, which spanned 16 months. I I I I I I The sample locations (Figure 1) that were examined with some regularity by the volunteer citizen I monitors were: QQ1 Upstream of WWTF on Sevenmile River; QQ2 Downstream of Spencer WWTF on Sevenmile River; I QQ3 Lake Lashaway outlet (Brookfield River); QQ4 Quaboag Pond inlet at bridge; QQ6 Quaboag Pond surface and bottom; I QQ7 Interbasin connecting channel; QQ8 Quacumquasit Pond surface, 25 feet and bottom; QQ14 Sevenmile River just downstream of the Route 49 Bridge; I QQ17 Spencer WWTF at discharge point into Cranberry Brook.

Water quality parameters tested were as follows: I * Flow; * Temperature; I * Dissolved oxygen; * pH; * Nitrate nitrogen; I * Phosphorus; and * Water clarity (sites QQ6 and QQ8 only). I Temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured with YSI field instruments, while pH and nitrate were assessed with Hach colorimetric kits. Water clarity was determined with a Secchi disk. Flow data were obtained at station numbers QQ1, QQ2, QQ3, QQ4, QQ7 and QQ14 using I the float and stopwatch method. Phosphorus testing employed the molybdenum blue colorimetric method, performed by a certified laboratory. The volunteer monitoring group completed all of the above testing with the exception of phosphorus analysis. Phosphorus I samples were collected by volunteer monitors and delivered to Lycott for the 1991-1992 testing. I I I I I I I FIGURE 1 QUABOAG/QUACUMQUASIT WATER QUALITY SAMPLING STATIONS

Q/Q1 Upstream of Spencer Wastewater Q/Q7 Inter-basin connecting channel Treatment Plant Q/Q8s Quacumquasit (surface) Q/Q2 Downstream of Spencer Wastewater Q/Q8m Quacumquasit (middle) Plant Q/Q8b Quacumquasit (bottom) Q/Q3 Lake Lashaway outlc t Q/Q14 Sevenmile River just down- Q/Q4 Quaboag inlet stream of Cranberry Brook Q/Q5 Quaboag outlet Q/Q17 Outfall of Spencer Wastewater Q/Q6sQuaboag (surface) Treatment Plant Q/Q6bQuaboag (bottom) I I RESULTS OF MONITORING

I Temperature Temperature in the Quaboag/Quacumquasit system can be expected to follow a typical seasonal I trend for the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Ice forms in the winter where water velocities are not substantial, and summer sun and wind combine to produce stratification in water bodies with depths greater than about 20 ft. Spring and autumn mixing periods are typical I for lakes which do stratify. In this system, only Quacumquasit Pond stratifies to any significant degree. Wind mixes the I shallow waters of Quaboag Pond, while flowing water mixes the tributaries which feed these water bodies. Quacumquasit Pond forms a summer water layer boundary (a thermocline) at a depth of 25 to 30 ft, sequestering 19% of its water volume in a cold, dark, bottom water layer I known as a hypolimnion.

The temperature regimes of both ponds and their tributary streams continue to follow the I expected seasonal trends, based on the collected data (Appendix C). No unusual thermal patterns I or disruptions were observed during any of the monitoring programs described in this report. Dissolved Oxygen I In most of the Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds system oxygen is in ample supply for all aerobic forms of aquatic life. Regular and occasionally large inputs of oxygen demanding substances depress oxygen levels below the saturation point, but aeration of waters is sufficient I to maintain acceptable oxygen levels in most areas on a nearly continuous basis. Occasional oxygen depression has been noted in portions of the Sevenmile River, above and below the I Spencer WWTF, but these episodes do not constitute a serious ecological threat. However, lack of interaction with sources of oxygen allows slow but continuous decomposition to deplete hypolimnetic oxygen supplies in Quacumquasit Pond during the summer and early I autumn. This loss of oxygen has been documented for much of this century (BEC 1986). It is to some extent a natural process, but has undoubtedly been accelerated and exacerbated by human I activities in the watershed. Inputs of oxygen demanding substances to Quacumquasit Pond from Quaboag Pond are suspected of having been a major force in the oxygen depletion over the last century or more. These oxygen demanding substances have come from agricultural operations I since the time of settlement and from urbanized areas and the Spencer WWTF since the early 1900's.

I Dissolved oxygen data (Appendix C) do not indicate any major shift in any portion of this I system during the duration of monitoring activities. I I 10 I I pH The pH of the Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds system tends to be slightly acidic to nearly I neutral, based on historic data and the 1984-85 monitoring program (BEC 1986); mean values ranged from 6.5 to 7.1 SU across the stations sampled regularly. The pH was not assessed in the I post-phase I study, pre-construction monitoring performed by BEC. The pH values obtained throughout the citizens' monitoring program (Appendix C) are much lower than those previously reported, however. At 4.75 to 5.5 SU as a typical range, these values are suspiciously low and I indicate a methodological problem. The colorimetric method being employed has been reliable I elsewhere, so the source of the apparent error is not clear. Quality control checks are warranted. Nitrate Nitrogen Concentrations of nitrate nitrogen for corresponding stations in the 1984-85 and 1991-92 I databases (Appendix C) are very similar. Analysis of variance revealed no significant differences over time at any station. Nitrate nitrogen levels are fairly low at all stations on nearly all dates. The few higher observed values posed no health or severe ecological threat. As there I are other forms of nitrogen (e.g., ammonium and Kjeldahl nitrogen) which tend to be more abundant in this system, nitrate nitrogen stability may be less meaningful in terms of I implications for overall aquatic conditions. Conversions among nitrogen forms can be rapid and important to system ecology. The primary use of nitrate nitrogen in the citizens' monitoring program was as an inexpensive indicator of possible septic system or agricultural contamination I of a serious nature. Nitrate inputs from the Spencer WWTF have historically been low for such a I facility. Phosphorus Phosphorus is viewed as the most critical parameter in this and past studies of the Quaboag and I Quacumquasit Ponds system. Phosphorus is a critical plant nutrient and is the logical target of eutrophication management efforts, even when overabundant at the start of a project. It is easier to control than nitrogen, the other most critical nutrient, and is often the limiting factor for algal I growth. Unfortunately, relatively small amounts of phosphorus can support algal blooms through rapid recycling, so phosphorus must be tightly restricted in its abundance or availability I to control algal growth. Phosphorus levels of under 10 ug/1 will rarely allow blooms to form, while concentrations less I than 20 ug/1 are not commonly associated with high algal densities. Quantities over 30 ug/1 are excessive in most cases. However, as total phosphorus is comprised of various subfractions with varying availability to algae, levels of up to about 50 ug/1 can sometimes be tolerated without I serious algal blooms. Rapid water velocity can minimize biomass accumulation with even 100 ug/1, but any impounded area where the water slows down can be expected to experience algal blooms and related eutrophication symptoms. Since most forms of phosphorus eventually I become available for plant uptake, target levels for lake management are usually set low, on the I order of 10-30 ug/1. LYCOTT I 11 I I Time and flow weighted phosphorus concentrations at stations sampled in 1984-85 (Figure 2) were all in excess of 30 ug/I, with surface averages of 50 ug/1 in Quaboag Pond and 32 ug/1 in I Quacumquasit Pond. There was no discernible vertical gradient in Quaboag Pond. While phosphorus levels in the deep water of Quacumquasit Pond were higher on average than surface or mid-depth values, the temporal pattern was not indicative of significant release from bottom I sediments during summer stratification. The pattern is erratic and more likely to be a function of the sinking of particles into the bottom waters. Internal recycling undoubtedly has some importance in each of these ponds, but does not seem to be a dominant force in determining I surface phosphorus levels. I The 1988-91 data (Appendix C) suggest little reduction in phosphorus loading during that time period when compared with 1984-85 data (Figure 2, Appendix C). Time and flow weighted mean values for most stations exhibit no significant decrease (by ANOVA, Table 1) in I phosphorus levels. Many stations actually exhibit increased phosphorus concentrations, but only the changes at stations #8S and 8B (surface and bottom of Quacumquasit Pond) are significant increases in the statistical sense. These may be attributable to major flow reversals experienced I in late winter and spring in at least 1988 and 1989, although it is not clear why the mid-depth station in Quacumquasit Pond would not exhibit the same degree of change.

I The one distinct exception to the above pattern of increases in phosphorus levels is the apparent decline at station #2, which reflects the influence of the Spencer WWTF. Improved phosphorus I removal at the Spencer WWTF, part of an upgrade in progress at the time, is the apparent cause of the phosphorus level decline. This decline may be responsible for slight decreases in mean phosphorus concentration at stations #4 (inlet to Quaboag Pond) and #6S (surface of Quaboag I Pond), but changes at those stations were not statistically significant. Variability in the data from the 1988-91 period is fairly high, possibly as a consequence of I changes in sample collectors and labs, but also possibly as a result of changing land uses, variable hydrology, and the ongoing upgrade at the Spencer WWTF. High variability hinders detection of water quality changes and necessitates more monitoring to make meaningful I comparisons.

Seemingly substantial decreases in phosphorus levels were recorded for all stations in 1991-92 I (Figure 2), but high variability again hinders recognition of smaller changes. Statistical comparison of 1991-92 data with the 1984-85 data, alone and in combination with the 1988-91 I data (Table 1), revealed differences which would typically be considered significant (PO.05) for stations #2, 3, 4 and 6S. Changes at stations #2, 4 and 6S suggest the influence of the upgrade and permit compliance by the Spencer WWTF. The cause of the phosphorus decline at station I #3 (just downstream of Lake Lashaway on the Brookfield River) is not clear, but ongoing educational efforts in that portion of the watershed and several management actions within Lake I Lashaway (e.g., drawdown, dredging) may be responsible. I I 12 FIGURE 2

WEIGHTED MEAN PHOSPHORUS LEVELS (UG/L) FOR THREE TIME PERIODS AT SELECTED STATIONS

100

80

60 1984-85 u 13 1988-91

1991-92

QQ-1 QQ-2 QQ-3 QQ-4 QQ-6S QQ-6B QQ-8S QQ-8M QQ-i STATION TABLE 1 STATISTICAL COMPARISON OF PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS FROM DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS USING SINGLE-FACTOR ANOVA

1984-85 VS. 1988-91 1984-85 VS. 1991-92 1984-85 VS. 1988-91 VS. 1991-9

STATION F-STAT P-VALUE F-STAT P-VALUE F-STAT P-VALUE QQ-1 0.54 0.468 2.22 0.148 2.78 0.074 QQ-2 3.57 0.069 16.45 0.001 8.07 0.001 QQ-3 1.81 0.190 4.80 0.037 5.53 0.008 QQ-4 0.01 0.910 23.85 0.001 7.00 0.002 QQ-6S 0.22 0.646 11.26 0.002 5.08 0.011 QQ-6B 0.05 0.824 1.66 0.211 1.24 0.303 QQ-8S 5.99 0.021 2.20 0.150 6.89 0.003 QQ-8M 1.38 0.267 4.19 0.051 4.54 0.018 QQ-8B 5.47 0.027 5.91 0.022 7.95 0.001

F = F statistic derived from ANOVA P = Probability of F statistic occurring by chance

o l I I The importance of reduced phosphorus discharge from the WWTF is also indicated by the lack of significant change at station #1, upstream of the WWTF on the Sevenmile River. Although I the phosphorus level declined at station #1, the time and flow weighted mean value for the period was within the range of variability indicated by the 1984-85 and 1988-91 data. Closure of dairy I farms in the Quaboag Pond watershed upstream of station #1 may be causing a decrease in phosphorus loading upstream of station #1, but it is not readily detectable from the available I data. The influence of reduced loading from the Spencer WWTF is more easily detected. Aside from the significant decrease in phosphorus levels in 1991-92 at direct downstream sites, the I phosphorus level in the WWTF effluent has declined from an average of 3250 ug/1 in 1984-85 (BEC 1986) to 605 ug/1 in 1991-92 (Appendix C). While both mean values are high for lake water, the decline to around 600 ug/1 in sewage effluent is outstanding by industry standards. I The 1991-92 average for total phosphorus in the Sevenmile River downstream of the WWTF (station #14, Appendix C) is only 26 ug/1, equivalent to the concentration associated with the I critical loading limit for Quaboag Pond. Despite the decreased load to Quaboag Pond, there is no significant change in total phosphorus I concentration over time at station #6B, near the bottom of the pond in 12 ft of water. Very little of Quaboag Pond achieves this depth, and this small area is out of the path of the major flow through the pond. Sediment-water interaction in this shallow water body are influential on a I localized basis, and vertical mixing is apparently not complete and continuous throughout the pond.

I The observed decrease in phosphorus concentration at the surface of Quacumquasit Pond was statistically significant when comparing 1991-92 (post-construction) data to 1984-85 and 1988- 91 (pre-construction) data combined, but not when comparing 1991-92 data to 1984-85 data I alone (Table 1). If the flow control structure is responsible for the decrease, it has thus far counteracted the increasing levels of 1988-91, but has not yet lowered phosphorus concentrations significantly below 1984-85 levels. Few phosphorus values have been measured at the interbasin I connector (station #7) during periods of potential flow reversal (Appendix C), limiting direct I comparison of inputs for pre- and post-construction conditions. Phosphorus levels also declined significantly at stations #8M and 8B in Quacumquasit Pond when comparing the data for all three identified time periods. However, only the concentration I decrease at station #8B (bottom of Quacumquasit Pond) was clearly significant when the 1988- 91 data was omitted from analysis. However, the comparison for station #8M very nearly met the criterion for significance (PO.05) with the 1988-91 data omitted. The bottom of I Quacumquasit Pond appears to act as a "collector" of phosphorus, with lower inputs translating into detectably smaller accumulations even before a significant change can be detected in the I surface waters. I LYCOTT I 15 I I Flow Assuming that the hydrologic regime has not changed appreciably over the course of the last I decade, comparisons of time and flow weighted mean concentrations are meaningful representations of loads. If flows have changed substantially, however, the actual loading levels associated with equal concentrations may vary in proportion to the difference in flow. Although I there was an unusual flow year in 1993, data for USGS long term monitoring stations throughout central Massachusetts indicate no major fluctuations over the period of 1984 through 1992, the I period covering all monitoring discussed in this report. One would therefore not expect major differences in time weighted mean flows for monitoring stations in this study. I To check this assumption, flow values for stations #1-4 (Appendix C) were compared. Statistical testing of individual flow values (by ANOVA) revealed only one significant difference (for station #1). The high variability of flows in this system obscured any differences due to I measurement error in the analysis of variance, and the data are not sufficient for more discerning distributional statistics. Nevertheless, the relatively large discrepancies at stations #1,2 and 3 between the two pre-construction periods and the post-construction period (Figure 3) cast doubt I upon the consistency of the flow measurements made by the various individuals providing monitoring services over time. Flow paitaneters are not particularly easy to collect at any of I these four stations, and extra effort is necessary to ensure accuracy and precision. I Water Clarity Although detection of significant changes in phosphorus concentration is of definite interest in this evaluation, what people will actually see at the ponds is a change in water transparency, if I the change in phosphorus concentration is sufficient. The use of Secchi disk transparency (SDT) readings is therefore an inexpensive way of gathering highly relevant information. SDT measurements were performed during the 1984-85 study on 14 dates at Quaboag Pond and on 16 I dates at Quacumquasit Pond (Appendix C). SDT was again measured in the 1991-92 study on three dates at each pond prior to construction of the flow control structure. Unfortunately, only three post-construction SDT readings are available, minimizing the validity of any comparisons. I It is not clear whether these readings were not made after the end of 1991 or the records have just been misplaced. Continued monitoring and reporting of SDT is warranted.

I The time weighted SDT mean for Quaboag Pond in 1984-85 was 4.9 ft, while the three readings for the post-construction period were 5.5, 6.0 and 10.0 ft. The time weighted SDT mean for I Quacumquasit Pond in 1984-85 was 8.8 ft, while the three readings for the post-construction period were 6.0, 13.0 and 15.0 ft. Transparency may have increased commensurate with apparent decreases in phosphorus concentrations, but the data are insufficient to reliably test the I relationship. I I LYCOTT I 16 FIGURE 3

TIME WEIGHTED FLOWS (CFS) FOR THREE TIME PERIODS AT SELECTED STATIONS

140

QQ-1 QQ-2 QQ-3 QQ-4 STATION

^Q I I IMPACT OF THE PHASE II PROGRAM

I Vollenweider (1968, 1975, 1982) and other researchers (Dillon and Rigler 1974, Kirchner and Dillon 1975, Chapra 1975, Larsen and Mercier 1975, Jones and Bachmann 1976) have devised formulas for evaluating how much phosphorus can be tolerated for any given set of hydrologic I features of the water body under consideration. For Quaboag Pond, phosphorus concentrations over 26 ug/1 (the concentration which corresponds to the "critical" loading limit) are expected to I cause eutrophication problems on a frequent basis, while levels under 13 ug/1 (corresponding to the "permissible" loading limit) would not be expected to cause such problems except under rare circumstances. For Quacumquasit Pond, the phosphorus concentration which corresponds to the I critical loading limit is about 24 ug/1 and the phosphorus level associated with the permissible loading limit is about 12 ug/I. These values form logical target concentrations for phosphorus I management in Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds. Given stable hydrologic features for Quaboag Pond (no major changes in annual flow or seasonal pattern), a nearly 50% reduction in phosphorus loading would be necessary to reach the critical I limit from the 1984-85 phosphorus load, thereby changing the mean phosphorus level from 50 ug/1 to 26 ug/1. A nearly 75% decrease in phosphorus would be required to reach the permissible limit for Quaboag Pond, reducing the average phosphorus concentration to 13 ug/1. Given the I size and nature of the Quaboag Pond watershed and the known phosphorus sources within it, I reaching the critical loading limit is possible, but achieving the permissible load is unlikely. Assuming a stable hydrologic regime for Quacumquasit Pond, a 25% reduction in phosphorus loading is necessary to reach the critical limit from the 1984-85 phosphorus load, and would I lower the mean phosphorus concentration from 32 ug/1 to 24 ug/1. A 62% decrease in phosphorus inputs would be needed to reach the permissible limit on an average, annual basis, lowering the average phosphorus level to 12 ug/1. Both the critical and permissible levels are I achievable, but maintenance of a high quality fishery depends on some base level of fertility and may limit just how low the target should be set.

I Five factors are perceived as moving Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds toward lower phosphorus loadings: * The upgrade of the Spencer WWTF and issuance of a new discharge permit with more I stringent effluent limitations for that facility. » The closing of over half of the dairy operations in the Quaboag Pond watershed. I * The installation of a flow control structure in the channel connecting Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds. » Educational efforts by the Clean Lakes Task Force and the Quaboag and Quacumquasit I Ponds Associations intended to improve residential management practices. I » Increased use of existing environmental regulations to protect the ponds. I I 18 I I Of these factors, the installation of the flow control structure and the educational activities were part of the Phase II implementation project funded by the MA DEP, the Towns of Brookfield, I East Brookfield and Sturbridge, and by local residents and businesses. The education program has had important carryover impact in the upgrade of the WWTF, alteration of its discharge permit, and in local environmental regulation, primarily through the involvement of citizens I made more knowledgeable through this project.

The time and flow weighted mean phosphorus concentration in the surface waters of Quaboag I Pond during the post-construction monitoring program was 22 ug/1. The simple arithmetic mean was also 22 ug/1. This is slightly less than the concentration associated with the critical loading I level (26 ug/1) but substantially above the concentration linked to the permissible level (13 ug/1). Compared to a 1984-85 mean of 50 ug/1, a 56% reduction in phosphorus loading is indicated. I The decrease in the loading from the Spencer WWTF appears to be on the order of 80%, based on compliance with the most recent discharge permit, and 81% based on available data. As the WWTF was estimated to contribute 45.4% of the phosphorus load to Quaboag Pond in 1984-85, I the decrease in WWTF phosphorus loading represents about a 36% reduction in the load to Quaboag Pond as of 1992. Mr. Steve Claughton of the Soil Conservation Service reported the demise of over half the dairy operations in the watershed between the conclusion of the 1984-85 I study and 1990. As non-WWTF inputs to the Sevenmile River system were estimated to contribute 28.1% of the phosphorus load to Quaboag Pond in 1984-85, and given the great potential of dairy farms as contributors, it seems likely that the cessation of many dairy I operations could result in a 10% decrease in phosphorus loading. If the estimated total load reduction of 56% is correct, education and regulatory actions have fostered an additional 10% I load reduction. The time and flow weighted mean phosphorus concentration in the surface waters of I Quacumquasit Pond during the post-construction monitoring program was 19 ug/1. The simple arithmetic mean was also 19 ug/L This is solidly between the concentrations associated with the critical loading level (24 ug/1) and the permissible loading level (12 ug/1). Compared to a 1984- I 85 mean of 32 ug/1, a 40% reduction in phosphorus loading is indicated. Decreases at mid-depth and at the bottom of Quacumquasit Pond are similar or larger than that observed at the surface. While Quacumquasit Pond remains anoxic during the summer, transfer of phosphorus from the I bottom to the top does not appear to be an important source and is being further diminished through reduced loading from external sources.

I Flow reversals from Quaboag Pond were estimated to provide almost 53% of the phosphorus load to Quacumquasit Pond during 1984-85 (EEC 1986). Reduction of loading to Quaboag I Pond on the order of 56% would translate into almost a 30% reduction of loading into I Quacumquasit Pond without the use of the flow control structure. I I ILYCOTTI I I Use of the flow control structure during the post-construction monitoring period appears to have prevented about 63% of the flow reversals. However, as the largest flow reversals occurred in I early spring when the gate was not in use and the gate was overtopped on several occasions, the percentage of actual reverse flow which was halted would be less than 63%. Flow data from the gate log book are not conducive to accurate calculations, but the use of the flow control structure I is estimated to have eliminated roughly half the possible inflow from flow reversals during the monitoring period. This suggests a 50% reduction of inputs from Quaboag Pond, or a total load I reduction of 26% for Quacumquasit Pond. There is overlap between the reductions provided by the WWTF upgrade and the flow control I structure, however, so the effects are not completely additive. Combining the effects of reduced Quaboag Pond phosphorus concentrations (30% reduction half the time) with the reduction in flow reversal inputs (53% reduction half the time), the total load reduction for Quacumquasit I Pond should be about 41%, a close match for the 40% reduction estimated through the monitoring program. Educational efforts may not have a measurable contribution in this smaller, more forested watershed, but the role of education in achieving the results to date and protecting I the pond for the future cannot be overemphasized.

It is somewhat surprising to find such a strong effect in Quacumquasit Pond in the first year I following implementation of flow control. Given the short detention time for Quaboag Pond, effects would be expected within months, but the 1.5 year mean detention time for Quacumquasit I Pond suggests a much longer response time (at least 1.2 years). Conditions may have been unusual at the start of flow control, or sequestering of phosphorus in deep waters may have accelerated the recovery process after inputs were curtailed. Assuming that the post- I implementation phosphorus data are reliable, further reductions in ambient phosphorus levels might be expected as the pond flushes itself further. Post-implementation assessment of water clarity is critical to documenting the impacts of management actions and should be emphasized I in future monitoring. I I I I I

I A LYCOTT I 20 I I RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING I Management: A number of management options were discussed in the diagnostic/feasibility study report (BEC 1986). The Spencer WWTF upgrade and installation of the flow control structure were two of I the most important recommendations. The 1993 passage of a statewide ban on phosphate detergents fulfills another of the original recommendations. Remaining recommendations center on management of storm water runoff and septic systems. A number of alterations in watershed I resident practices have been suggested as part of a runoff and waste water management program, I as well as structural modifications to existing systems. These recommendations are still valid. The primary threat to water quality in Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds is urbanization without careful management of waste water and storm water. The upgrade of the Spencer WWTF has I been a major step in the reduction of phosphorus loading to the ponds, and it is important to maintain that improvement. Proposals for added discharge, via the Spencer WWTF or new facilities, should be carefully reviewed for their loading impact. Even maintenance of best I achievable discharge concentrations may be insufficient if the volume of discharge increases substantially; it is the phosphorus load which must be controlled, and this is a function of both I concentration and discharge volume. Where no WWTF is available, as is the case in most of the study area, on-site waste water disposal (septic) systems are used. Properly sited and maintained, the phosphorus load from I these systems is low. However, the nitrogen load is high, and improper siting and maintenance are not uncommon, leading to significant phosphorus inputs in some cases. Improving on-site I waste water management is highly desirable, especially within 300 ft of a water body or water course where transport into the water is most likely. Mandatory inspection and pumping of septic tanks should be considered, and upgrades should be encouraged where impacts can be I documented. Title V at the state level and local health ordinances mandate certain actions, but it is advisable to pursue on-site waste water management improvements in an atmosphere of I cooperations, not confrontation. Storm water runoff has long been recognized as a threat to water quality, but only recently have regulations been promulgated to deal with this pollutant source. These regulations do not yet I apply to municipalities with populations under 100,000, however, so local action is necessary to control storm water inputs in the watershed of Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds. Use of the Massachusetts Wetlands Protection Act is the most effective vehicle for controlling inputs, but I local health regulations and federal environmental regulations can often be helpful too. For example, there is now a federal mandate that construction sites which disturb a cumulative five I acres or more must implement specific erosion controls, and all industrial activities potentially exposed to storm water must also have a permit and implement a best management practices I plan. I I 21 I I Additional specific watershed actions which would benefit the ponds include lawn care limitations, elimination of garbage grinders unless the septic system is oversized, erosion control, I catch basin cleaning, street sweeping, and implementation of agricultural best management practices. Each of these actions would have bearing on storm water or waste water impacts on the aquatic system. Previously proposed in-lake actions include hypolimnetic aeration and I limited dredging of Quacumquasit Pond and macrophyte harvesting in Quaboag Pond. These activities have merit, but would not be expected to produce major changes in phosphorus loading I or concentration. Continued educational efforts aimed at making watershed residents aware of the relationship of I land-based activities and water quality are highly desirable. School program development as well as adult-oriented information distribution is advisable. It would be useful to develop a means of measuring progress in this regard, such as a repetitive survey of resident practices and I attitudes.

It may be desirable to alter the use of the flow control structure to target spring flow reversals. I For at least Quacumquasit Pond, spring inputs are perceived as important determinants of summer conditions. Under the original Order of Conditions, the gates were to be raised during the period of possible ice formation. They were lowered as warranted by flow reversals during I the rest of the year. If large spring flow reversals could prevented by keeping the gates down overwinter and raising the water level in Quacumquasit Pond to counteract spring flows from I Quaboag Pond, phosphorus inputs at a critical time of year could be reduced. Local action I toward this end is being taken. Monitoring: A detailed monitoring program can be very useful in determining management progress and I success, but can also be very expensive. Under economic constraints, active citizen monitoring programs have developed in many areas to minimize labor costs and put scarce resources into laboratory analyses. This has worked well in many cases, but the field component of monitoring I should not be underemphasized, and it is critical that volunteers gather and report needed information in a reliable fashion. It is clearly better to assess a limited number of parameters at a limited number of sites and do it well than to expand monitoring beyond the ability of the group I to perform in a scientifically reliable manner. With this in mind, the following monitoring is proposed for the near future: I * Assess flow and total phosphorus at stations QQ-1, 2, 3, 4, 6S, 6B, 8S, 8M, and 8B on a monthly basis from April through September and every other month between October and March. Provide further instruction on the measurement of flow and collection of samples for I phosphorus, and institute quality assurance procedures (e.g., duplicate and split samples) to I ensure data reliability. I I 22 I I

4 Maintain a legible and accurate record of flow control structure operation and water level at I station QQ-7. Provide estimates of actual flow (cfs) at the time of recorded actions. Flow estimates may be less critical under the current operating conditions (closed only but always during late autumn-early spring), but will be essential under any intermittent operations to I assess actual pollution prevention success. * Acquire data for phosphorus concentration and discharge volume from the Spencer WWTF, I which monitors its effluent, for future comparisons. 4 Measure SDT at stations QQ-6S and QQ-8S on a biweekly schedule from April through October. More frequent testing by multiple volunteers would be welcome. I 4 Measure temperature and dissolved oxygen at one meter intervals throughout the water column at stations QQ-6 and QQ-8 in conjunction with SDT readings. Measurements at other stations are welcome but not essential. Monthly readings would be acceptable if I biweekly assessment proves difficult. 4 Discontinue pH testing unless field and lafa measurements are performed and indicate agreement. Field measures are currently suspected of being consistently inaccurate and of I little value. * Discontinue nitrate nitrogen testing. Concentrations have been routinely low over a period of about ten years. Unless funds are available for testing other important nitrogen forms I (ammonia and TKN) at the same time, the utility of the data does not warrant the effort to collect and analyze samples. I 4 Centralize data management responsibility and produce an annual tabulation of all collected information. I The most critical future comparisons are phosphorus loading (by loads or time and flow weighted concentrations) and water transparency (SDT) between time periods. With the limited amount of post-construction data available at this time, comparisons are limited and speculative. With I additional future monitoring, changes can be more reliably evaluated. With sufficient data, I comparison among years using data sorted by season would be appropriate. I I I I I ILYCOTT I 23 I I REFERENCES

I BEC 1986. Diagnostic/Feasibility Study for the Management of Quaboag and Quacumquasit Ponds. BEC, East Longmeadow, MA. Chapra, S. 1975. Comment on "An empirical method of estimating the retention of phosphorus I in lakes" by W.B. Kirchner and P.J. Dillon. Water Resour. Res. 11:1033-1034. Claughton, S. 1990. Personal communication with SCS representative. I Dillon, P.J. and F.H. Rigler 1974. A simple method for predicting the capacity of a lake for development based on lake trophic status. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 31:1519-1522. Jones, J.R. and R.W. Bachmann 1976. Prediction of phosphorus and chlorophyll levels in lakes. I JWPCF 48:2176-2184 Kirchner, W.B. and P.J. Dillon 1975. An empirical method of estimating the retention of phosphorus in lakes. Water Resour. Res. 11:182-183 I Larsen, D.P. and H.T. Mercier 1975. Phosphorus retention capacity of lakes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 33:1742-1750 Vollenweider, R.A. 1968. Scientific Fundamentals of the Eutrophication of Lakes and Flowing I Waters, with Particular Reference to Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Factors in Eutrophication. Tech. Rept. to OECD, Paris, France Vollenweider, R.A. 1975. Input-Output models with special references to the phosphorus loading I concept in limnology. Schweiz. Z. Hydrol. 37:53-62 Vollenweider, R.A. 1982. Eutrophication of Waters: Monitoring, Assessment and Control. I OECD, Paris, France I I I I I I I I I 24 APPENDIX A: FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURE PLANS

ILYCOTTI I t I t t

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-lO'-O" 0.C. I EXIST BR/D£>E £"t.--5?7.5/7 UM IT OF GATES CHAXJU&. I CHANNEL 5-0*& (TYP.) EL.* 515.00 EOT. Of 'CUWUEL tf I 'CDNCKETE " F00T7U& I AK0MUB EXIST. £2.. = SLIDE &ATE FLOW CONTROL I LDOUMb M0RTH

I 5 FT I SHEET 3 OF I I I I I I I MATTRESS ON CHAMUEL I (& MATTRESSES TOTAL)

I MA\N CflAJJNEL A4M.6A7E-W/D7H (O.EAK 0?EHIFi&) FOOTING TO XE TffVKZD I TXAV£L SA7F AKQUUD EXfiTJNb WNAWALL ATTACflBD TV I I I I I I I I I PRQ7VXD TLDW OMJW. W5W I I I I LICENSE PLAN NO. /??/ Approved by Department of Environmental Quality Engineering Date: 1989 ' ALL/MfMUM 6ATE PROPOSED FLOW COA/TROL STRUCTURE SECTWA/ OF £XrXffaEJ*"AU/MlNMl

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I APPENDIX B: I FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURE PAYMENT SCHEDULE I I I I I I I I I I I I LYCOTT I APPENDIX B I LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SCHEDULE OF PRICES FLOW CONTROL STRUCTURE I QUABOAG & QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD. MASSACHUSETTS I July 17, 1991

: ; : : RAYiillN llp:;I||^QyAN|n^l;-::;i|:y^ yM^:;s"'1'" ITEM-. - -; • - - j "" . -''- --^: B'lLT;:; ^H^ ^^^":"^^ BOOSTS DIFFERENCE !TEM|;|||| ISjigATED $ ENSURED: DESCRIPTION •"•"• • "-: -• P.^iCEpt gS^IMAJED^ MEASURED I tyfi0flj\ \- NW§ERl MEASURED

I1.10 240.00 215.00 LF HAYBALES 5.00 1,200.00 1,075.00 (125.00) I1.20 40.00 0.00 LF SILT FENCE 10.00 400.00 0.00 (400.00) 2.10 70.00 140.00 LF COFFERDAM 105.00 7,350.00 14,700.00 7,350.00

I2.20 1.00 1.00 LS DEWATERING 6,000.00 6,000.00 6,000-00 0.00 ' I3.10 8.70 9.10 CY CONCRETE FOOTING 400.00 3,480.00 3,640.00 160.00 3.20 432.00 360.00 SF GABION MATTERESSES 14.00 6,048.00 5,040.00 (1,008.00)

I4.10 1.00 1.00 LS ALUMINUM SLIDE GATE 27,000.00 27.000.00 27,000.00 0.00 I4.20 0.00 0.00 DAY MAUFACTURER'S REP 600.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5-10 1.00 1.00 LS INSTALL FLOW BARRIER 8,000.00 8,000.00 8,000.00 0.00

I TOTALS 59,478.00 65,455.00 5,977.00 I I I I I

I ~A~" ^ I LYCOTT I I I I I

I APPENDIX C: I MONITORING DATA FROM THREE TIME PERIODS I I I I I I I I I I I I TOTAL PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS (UG/L) AT SELECTED STATIONS IN EACH OF THREE TIME PERIODS

STATION — > QQ-1 00-2 QQ-3 QQ-4 DATA POINT » 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1 10 100 25 50 60 10 40 70 10 50 50 10 2 10 80 10 50 290 7 20 80 10 30 230 10 3 20 30 72 80 50 51 40 80 16 40 80 17 4 20 70 32 80 100 49 30 50 50 110 40 27 5 20 10 9 70 30 14 90 40 21 60 30 20 6 30 40 16 70 40 28 30 50 10 60 50 10 7 25 40 22 115 30 81 20 30 24 95 50 30 8 55 70 14 136 100 16 10 50 10 55 80 16 9 50 80 20 195 100 30 25 110 20 130 100 37 10 10 70 5 320 100 21 10 90 5 80 120 13 1 1 200 30 38 325 20 10 50 20 33 80 20 17 12 60 20 16 100 20 33 10 10 14 42 20 37 13 20 40 10 75 50 30 80 20 33 40 70 10 14 65 44 200 46 30 22 120 10 15 50 110 25 30 16 35 110 90 80 17 30 80 20

MEAN (ug/l) 42 52 22 127 74 29 38 52 20 66 68 20 WTD. MEAN (ug/U 44 52 23 129 69 34 40 54 19 71 68 22 WTD. FLOW [CFS) 66 54 132 75 70 119 29 28 43 101 129 100

STATION — > QQ-6S QQ-6B QQ-8S QQ-8M QQ-8B DATA POINT # 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1984-85 1988-91 1991-92 1 30 130 10 20 100 10 30 80 10 20 100 10 50 130 10 2 10 130 10 50 80 10 20 100 10 40 130 10 30 160 10 3 30 50 30 40 50 10 20 50 10 20 50 10 30 80 20 4 60 50 20 40 70 40 40 70 40 30 80 20 30 100 30 5 40 40 20 40 40 10 20 50 10 20 70 6 10 70 10 6 50 40 5 50 30 16 20 50 34 20 40 5 20 220 14 7 70 50 46 65 50 24 25 20 30 20 20 14 20 70 19 8 50 50 16 17 60 5 10 50 10 40 20 20 40 10 19 9 100 20 29 90 20 35 20 12 10 20 25 50 20 9 10 10 20 20 500 140 10 10 10 50 30 22 10 20 15 11 55 30 35 15 40 12 20 29 35 8 50 110 58 12 70 30 21 40 60 15 30 26 10 60 20 22 13 30 27 25 15 22 60 120 14 80 70 60 50 80 15 20 20 40 10 60 16 60 30 30 170 10 17 51

MEAN fug/I) 48 53 22 70 62 16 27 46 19 38 56 14 42 84 20 WTD. MEAN (ug/l) 50 49 22 43 60 13 32 42 19 32 48 13 45 77 19 I I

I 00- FLOW (CFS STATION oo-i QQ-2 00-3 00-4 00-5 00-7 I DATE 04-23-84 104 114 51 110 20 * 05-01-84 131 188 83 270 74 * I 109 135 56 190 74 05-16-84 06-06-84 268 275 96 219 06-20-84 106 58 49 67 139 20 166 111 62 85 132 36 I 07-11-84 * Q7-25-84 54 42 27 38 71 08-01-84 35 11 7 17 21 16 08-20-84 9 L2 7 11 11 I 51 8 09-11-84 13 10 8 09-25-84 5 5 30 13 10-23-84 65 83 15 59 I 11-12-84 45 15 149 55 5 12-09-84 26 56 11 84 74 01-17-85 26 37 13 90 69 9 I 02-20-85 34 53 0 77 116 15 03-21-85 63 88 48 158 186 19

MEAN 74 80 34 115 79 12 I 85 12 I WTD. MEAN 66 75 29 101 * denotes a "negative flow"; water was passing I from North Pond to South Pond. I I I I I

I LYCOTT I 00- TOTAL PHOSPHATR (UG/L AS P

STATION QQ-} 00-2 OO-3 00-4 00-5 00-65 00-f.B 00-7 00- 8S 00- 8 M 00- 8 B PATE

04-23-84 10 50 40 50 20 30 20 10 30 20 50 05-01-84 10 50 20 30 30 10 50 50 20 40 30 05-1 6-84 20 80 40 40 30 30 40 20 20 20 30 06-06-84 20 80 30 110 40 60 40 40 40 30 30 06-20-84 20 70 90 60 30 40 40 10 20 20 10 07-1 1-84 30 70 30 60 40 50 50 20 20 20 20 07-25-84 25 115 20 95 100 70 65 40 25 20 20 03-01-84 55 136 10 55 45 50 17 10 10 20 40 08-20-84 50 195 25 130 50 100 90 35 35 40 50 09-1 1-84 10 320 10 80 35 10 500 10 10 10 10 0 'i - 2 5 - 8 4 200 325 80 5 55 15 5 12 50 50 - / i-84 60 100 50 42 17 70 40 15 15 35 60 ' - ! ? - 8 4 20 75 10 40 20 30 25 20 15 10 120 12-09-84 65 200 80 120 100 50 60 60 80 01-17-85 50 110 30 90 70 80 70 50 40 50 60 02-20-85 35 110 25 80 90 20 20 10 30 10 10 170 03-21-85 30 80 90 20 100 60 30 100 51 27 37 42 MEAN 42 1 27 38 70 48 48 70 29 32 WTD. MEAN 44 129 40 7 1 53 50 43 32 32 45 MASS FLOW 1674 6345 1 179 5406 4893 3 11 ( KG/YR )

ft I 00- NITRATE NITROGEN (MG/L AS N STATION oo-i 00'2 00-3 00-4 00-5 00- 6 S 00- 6 B 00-7 IJQ-HS 00-8 M 00-an DATE

04-23-84 .1 1 .24 .23 . 12 . 10 .09 . 11 .01 .01 . 12 05-01-84 .07 . 10 . 18 .09 .05 .01 .05 .01 .01 .01 05-16-04 . 19 . 12 . n . 10 .03 .01 .02 .01 .0\ .02 06-06-84 .06 .09 . 1 1 .06 .04 .01 .07 .01 .01 .02 06-20-84 . 10 . 17 .01 . 10 . 04 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 07-11-84 .09 . 15 -03 .06 .01 .01 .06 .01 .01 .03 07-25-84 .09 ,21 .01 .08 .01 .01 .01 .0] .01 . 12 00-01-84 .12 . 31 .01 . 1 4 .01 .01 .02 .01 .0 1 .05 Oe-20-84 . 15 .44 .01 .22 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 .06 09-11-84 . 1 1 .61 . 01 .17 .02 .01 .01 .01 .01 .01 09-25-84 .07 1 .19 .49 .01 ,02 .02 .01 . 0 1 .02 10-23-84 . 12 .25 .01 .22 .01 .01 .01 .21 .08 .03 11-12-84 .13 .35 .01 .27 .04 .01 .03 .01 .08 .03 .01 12-09-84 .13 .32 .07 .22 .21 .03 .01 . 1 3 .49 . 31 . 17 .21 .13 .13 .01 .03 .09 01-17-85 .01 02-20-85 .19 .35 . 25 .24 .39 . 17 .18 .02 . 06 03-21-85 . 11 .24 .29 . 14 . 12 . 12 . 16 .02 .01 M [-: A N .12 . 33 . 1 1 . 17 .08 .04 .06 .02 . 02 04 .03 04 WTD. MEAN . 12 . 35 . 1 2 . 18 . 10 .06 .07 .03 MASS PLOW 6353-50 14478. 16 3513.83 13644.65 9373.46 133.16 KG/YR oo-i 00-2 00-3 00-4 00-5 00-6 S 00- 6 B 00-7 00-8 i3

04-23-84 11.5 11 .5 9 .0 10 .5 1 ) .5 9.5 9.5 9 .0 8 .5 6 .5 6 .0 05-01-84 15 .0 15 .0 13 .0 14.5 15 .5 14.5 15.0 13 .5 12.0 7 .0 6 .5 05-16-04 12.5 12.5 14 .0 13 .0 13 .5 14.0 14 .0 13 .0 13 .0 7 . 5 6 .5 06-06-84 18 .2 19.0 17 .0 18 .8 19 .0 21 .0 14 .0 19.0 20 .5 8 .0 6 .8 06-20-84 22 .3 23 .1 25 .0 21 .9 21 .8 21 .8 22 .7 22 .5 22 .2 7 .8 6 .5 07-1 1-84 21.2 20 .8 21 .5 21.3 21 .5 22 .2 20.9 23.7 23 .0 7 .9 6 .7 07-25-64 21.5 22 .5 20 .5 24 .0 23 .8 24 .4 23.9 23 .1 24 .3 8 .2 6 .8 08-01-84 21 .5 22 .8 25 .2 23 .2 23 .8 24 .5 21 .9 24 .2 24 .5 8 .0 6 .8 08-20-84 19.2 21 -8 25.1 22 .2 22 .9 24 .2 23.2 23 .2 24 .2 8 .6 6 .7 09-11-84 20 .0 21 .5 25 .5 21 .0 21 .2 20 .5 19.7 21 .2 20 .9 8 .9 6 .8 09-25-84 18 .2 20 .2 22 .5 22 .2 22 .3 19 ,0 22 .0 20 .2 8 .5 6 .7 10-23-84 14 .7 14 .9 16 .2 15.1 15.5 15.7 15.7 14 .9 15.1 10.0 6 .9 11-12-84 10.7 10.8 9 .4 10 .9 11.1 10.1 9.8 12 .5 11 .3 10.6 6 .5 12-09-84 .2 .4 1 .0 .5 1 .1 4 .0 4 .4 4 . 6 4 .3 01-17-85 -.5 0 .0 .5 - .5 .2 1 .2 2 .0 0.0 1 .0 1 .7 2 .3 02-20-85 0 .0 0 .0 2 .2 1 .0 2 .5 .3 4 .2 2 .2 0 .0 2 .5 2 .8 03-21-85 4 .2 4 .7 4 .6 4 .0 3 .2 3 .3 4 .0 3 .8 3 .8 3.8

MEAN 13 .6 14 .2 15 .0 14.4 14 .8 15 .6 14 .9 14 .8 1 4 .6 7 . 1 5.8 WTD. MEAN 11 .2 1 1 .7 12 .5 11 .9 12.3 12 .6 12 .3 12.5 12.3 7 .3 5 .4

I )- DISSOLVED OXYGEN (PPM)

STATION oo-i 00-2 00-3 00-4 00-5 00-6S QO-6B 00-7 00-8S 00-8M 00-8B DATE

04-23-84 10 .1 10.2 10.4 10.8 10 .2 10.2 ' 10.2 11 .8 12.0 11 .4 9.0 05-01-84 8 .8 9 .8 9 .6 9 .4 9 .1 9.8 9 .8 10.8 11.0 10 .4 9 .5 05-16-84 9 .2 9 .8 9.4 10.3 9 .5 9.7 9.4 10.3 10.2 9 .5 7 .0 06-06-84 6.3 7 .4 9.4 6 .6 8 .3 9 .1 4 .5 8 .7 8 .7 7 .5 2 .2 Ofi-20-B4 6 .8 8 .4 7 .8 5 .2 6.6 6.6 7 .2 8 .7 8.6 5 .8 ; : -84 4 .9 7 .7 7 .5 4 .4 6 .6 7 .8 1 .3 7 .7 8 .5 4 .2 .4 ' - ,".-84 7 .5 8 .4 9.0 5 .5 6 .9 7 .0 6 .3 7.2 8.1 3 ,6 .3 08-U1-84 7 .0 9 .8 8 .4 7 .3 7 .8 8 .0 0 .0 7 .3 7 .9 2 .7 0 .0 08-20-84 7 .6 10.3 7 .5 6 .0 7 .5 7.3 4 .0 6 .9 8 .0 2 .0 0 .0 09-1 1-84 8 .0 10 .6 7 .8 8 .2 9.0 9 .4 5.1 8 .3 9 .0 .6 0 .0 09-25-84 10 .2 10 .8 7 .8 10 .7 11.2 3.6 9 .7 9 .0 .2 0 .0 10-23-84 5 .9 7 .9 9 .7 7 .6 8 .6 8 .4 8 .4 8 .8 9 .8 .4 0.0 1 1-12-84 7 .1 8 .6 10 .1 9 .0 10 .5 10.2 2 .6 9 .9 10 .0 8 . 4 .1 12-09-84 11 .8 13 .4 13 .4 12 .5 12 .8 12 .2 10.0 10.8 .4 01-17-85 1 1 .8 1 3.0 14.6 12 .0 14 .6 14 .2 9 .1 12.8 14.2 13.1 2 .1 02-20-85 13 .5 13.5 12 .9 13.5 12 .0 7 .9 5 .6 12.3 10 .6 10 .8 5 .9 03-21-85 10. B 12 .5 13.8 13 .2 13 .8 12.6 13.0 13-1 1 1 .0 12 .3

MEAN 8 .7 10.1 9 .8 8 .8 9 .6 9 .4 6 .2 9 .8 9 .9 6 .6 3 .1 WTD. MEAN 9 .2 10.6 10.5 9 .5 10.3 10.1 6.5 10.3 10.2 7 ,3 J .2 - PH S.U

STATION oo-i 00-2 00-3 00-4 00-5 O

04-23-84 6 .6 6.6 6 .7 6 .4 6 .6 6.8 6.7 6 .9 7 .0 6 -9 6 .a 6 .8 05-01-84 6 .4 6 .5 6 .5 6 .5 6 .8 6.8 6.8 7 .0 7 .0 6 -6 6.5 6.3 6 .6 6.8 6 .7 6 .8 6 .8 6.8 6.8 7 .0 6 .7 05-16-84 6 .5 06-06-84 6 .3 6 .5 6 .5 6 .5 6 .5 6.6 6.5 6 .9 7 .0 6 .6 7 .0 6 .4 6 .5 06-20-84 6.7 6 .9 7 .0 6.4 6 .7 6.7 6.7 7 .1 6 .4 6 .6 7 .0 6 .4 6.9 6.9 6.4 6 .9 7 .0 6 .4 6 .4 07-11-84 6 .3 07-25-84 6 .8 7 .0 7 .0 6 .5 6 .8 6.8 6.8 6.8 7.0 6 .3 6.5 08-01-84 6.5 6 .9 6 .6 7 .0 6 .9 7.1 6.7 7.0 7 .0 6 .4 6 .4 08-20-84 6.7 7 .1 6 .9 6 .5 7 .1 6 .9 6.9 6.8 6.7 6 .5 6 .5 6 .6 09-1 1-84 6.5 6 .9 6.9 6 .8 7 .1 7 .4 7 .4 6.9 7 .1 09-25-84 6.5 7 .0 6.8 8 .5 8.5 6.9 7 .1 7 .1 6 .5 6 .7 6 .8 6 .8 10-23-84 6.4 6 .4 6 .9 6 .6 6 .9 6.8 6.9 6 .9 7 .0 6 .8 1 1-12-84 6 .5 6 .6 6 .8 6.5 6 .9 6 .8 6 .8 6 .8 6 .9 6 .9 6.9 6 .8 6 .9 1 2-09-84 6 .6 6 .9 6 .7 6 .6 6 .8 6 .3 Q i -i 7_g 5 6 .7 6 .8 6 .8 6 .5 6 .7 6 .8 6.8 6 .8 6.8 6 .7 6 .7 6.6 6 .5 6 .5 6 .5 6 .7 6 .6 6 .5 6 .8 6 .7 6 .7 6 .7 02-20-85 6 .9 03-21-85 6.5 6 .7 6 .8 6 .8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6 .9 6.8 6 .9 6 .9 6 .6 6 .6 MEAN 6 .5 6 .7 6 .8 6 .6 6 .9 6 .9 6.8 6.8 6 .9 6 .6 6 .7 WTD. MEAN 6.5 6 .7 6 .8 6 .6 6 .9 7 . 1

o-ffu. 00- SECCHI (METERS)

STATION 00-6S QQ-8S DATE

04-23-84 2 .7 2 .7 05-01-84 3 .0 2 .7 05-16-84 1 .5 3 .0 06-06-84 2 .1 2 .4 06-20-84 2 .0 4 .1 07-11-84 1 .5 3 .0 07-25-84 1 .2 4 .6 08-01-84 1 .2 4 .6 08-20-84 .9 4 .6 09-11-84 ,9 4 .6 09-25-84 1 .0 3 .7 10-23-84 1 .2 4 .1 11-12-84 .9 2 .4 12-09-84 2 .1 01-17-85 02-20-85 03-21-85 2 .0 4 .0

MEAN 1 .6 3 .5 WTD. MEAN 1 .5 2 .7

LYCOTT IOO-TL-P

S1HTICM oa-i CO-2 GD-3 DO— 1 0»5 co-^ (JM CQ-7 CO^B ,:«, On-t3D i^i-e CQ-1O iX>-|| CQ-12 CD-li Q>-L-t r"Xl-15 Q>- 1 ti DTTH

0^1/ee 100 &0 ?0 5O 90 130 100 100 80 tco 120 100 O7/11/BS 90 2^*3 80 2ZO 160 12O 1» ICO ICO 1IQ 160 07/27/88 30 5O ao ao 5O 50 50 50 50 50 9O O6/2S/8S TO LCO 5D •K> 4O 5O 70 £O ro 90 ICO 09/2&/89 LO IO -KJ 30 LO -K) -K) 2O 5O 7-0 70 LQ/21/B8 -K? to 50 SO 3ZXD -K) 3O 3O so -to 220 r^io ll/aa/sa -fO 3O 3D 50 SO 5O SO 5O 20 7X> 01/30X89 TO ICO 50 ao ro 50 6O fiD 50 1O Ot/ G&/Ef;H 30 ICO no 100 HO 1OO liO 16O 2LO 12O 2CO CH/Ofe/eaa TO ICO 9O 120

100 110 23O liO 100 HO 100 IZO 220 100 100 160 21O 200 10 10 IO -W 30 20 20 -K) 10 100 100 13O I6O 210 no 2OO 59 •SO 63 ra 1OS 100 ICO 130 160 210 120 2CO FLO.J CCFS> IN TVE ajFeurts Pro OLi^utJLrs [T pcrus SYSTEM

STFfriGH CO~1 a>-2 lXh-3 CO-1 Q>-5 QQ-7 sTprnoH co-i CO-2 CO-3 OCH4 QO-5 tXh-7 CHIH CR7H

36/21 /ea 14. CO 22. CX) 16.30 32.50 36.00 2.10 06^21/88 23.80 37.40 27.71 55.25 61. 2O 3.57 j?/ll/tS 24. CO 30. CO 24.4G 92.00 -12.OO O7/ 11/88 4G- 80 51. CO 41.48 156.4O -2O. 4O 3TV27/63 15. CO 46. CO 52. 5O 230.00 5.6O O7/27/tS 76.50 81.60 89.25 176. CO 9.52 26/29/ES 8. CO IO.5O 6.20 35.00 O.CO 08/29/08 13.60 17.85 10.54 59.5O Zr:V26/68 16. CO 15, CO 6.20 20.00 8.0O 09/26/Q8 27.20 25.50 10.51 34.00 13.60 10/21/38 18-00 22. CO 3. 1O 2O. CO 8. CO IO/21/B8 30.60 37-10 5.78 34.OO 13. 6O 11/2S/1EJ8 12O.OO ISO. CO 60.00 35O.OO — (O-CO Ll/28^38 204.00 255.00 1O2.CO 536.00 -60. GO 01/3O/G9 60. CO 64. CO 12. CO 80. CO 86.00 8. CO O1/3O^89 1O2.OO ice.eo 20.1O 136. CO 13. 6O 0-I/0&/&SH 112-00 145. CO 45.OO 22O.CO -35. CO OI/C^/Q^fl 190.40 246.50 76.50 374.00 -59.50 Q4/O&/&9B 115.00 150, CO 55. CO 245- CO 195.50 255. CO 93.50 116.50

12O.OO ISO. (JO 60. CO 35O.OO 86.00 8. CO 204.00 255. CO 102.OO 536. CO 61. 2O 13. 6O M1NIM-M 8. CO 3.4O 2O.OO 36.00 —K>-CO MINIMJM 13.60 17.06 5.78 34.OO 61,20 -68.OO 53.20 65.65 23. JO 137.15 6O.5O -6.14 t-HH^ 64.81 38.16 193.27 61. 2O ^t-93

R.CU CCFSi IM TH£ (Zf&ftS ftJD CU^'.LMCUTS f T FLaJ aXJ.M/MIN; IN TVE CJ>'eQRG ft-O

QO-IO CO-LI CO-12 OQ-1 co-is DCi-lfc STflTICN CO-1O CO-1 1 CO-12 OG-13 CO-14 CO-15 cirrn

:J/E8 or/ii/ss 07/11/S8 07/27/51& OS/29^& 09/26xOJ8 I0/21/S8 . 1O

l-O.OO 3. GO 1 .GO leo.oo 115.CO 1C. CO 31. CO 5.1O l.PO 255. CO 246. SO

•rxiMj-i .10 2O. uO 3.OO 1.00 ISO. CO 115. CO 1C. CO t-T-CKIMUM . 17 34.OO 5. 1O 1.70 2E5-CO 246. 5O IT ••1IE-4UU-1 . to 20.0O 3.OO 1.00 15O.OO 145.00 1O.CO MINIMUM .17 34. CO 5.10 I.7O 255. CO 246.50 IT -n=r) .10 20. CO 3.OO l-OO 150. CO 145.00 1C. CO ftFTJ . 17 34. CO 5.1O 1.70 255.00 246.50 IT

IPI Q ^ I CO [N TVE CLF6QR3 FfO CLHOJ-tLHSIT PCNB SVJTHM

CD-I CO-2 QO-3 CO—t CO-5 CO-6S CQ-9 OD-1O CD-I 1 QQ-12 QQ-I3 CO-11 CD-IS O3-16 ce/21/Ba 26. 9 23. 3 27.3 26.8 26. O 26. 1 2O. 6 25.3 25- I 11. 0 8.3 13.5 07/n/ee 21. 0 21.0 27.0 26-0 28.8 28.9 23.0 23.0 27. 5 11.5 8.3 07/27/SS 22. 8 22.8 21.5 23.8 25. 0 26.9 22.8 27.1 26. 7 11.8 7.0 08/^3/88 22. 0 21.8 23.2 23.9 21.5 23.0 21.0 23.5 23- 8 17. 0 ?.2 09/26/88 19. 3 16. 8 20.3 20. 8 20.5 19.8 19.7 20.9 19. a 15.5 7.9 LG/21/B8 12. 9 13.5 12.5 12.3 12.9 11. o 13.9 1 1/23/38 7. 2 7.0 1.0 5.8 1.8 t.O 1.0 6.6 6, 9 6-0 G1/33/B9 1. 6 2.0 1.2 2.2 •t.O 1.5 5.0 1.O 5. 0 •t.O

9 25.3 27.3 23.3 28.9 23. O 23.0 27, 5 17.0 9.3 18.5 13.9 1. B 2.0 1.O 2.2 1.O 1.O 1.O S. 0 11. 0 1.0 19.S 13.9 l-EW 17. 1 16.6 17. 9 17. 7 18. 3 L9.O 16- 6 19.1 IB. IS- 2 7.0 18. S 13.9

STFTTICM CD-I CO-2 113-3 CQ-1 OQ-5 CD-6S oo-^a CU-7 CD-'B co-en CD-6B CO-3 CO-1O CD-I 1 QQ-12 OQ-13 CO-l-t CO- 15 CO- 16 CHTE

O6/21/B8 6.3 8.9 7. 1 8. 1 10. 3 8.2 .3 3. I 8.8 9.9 5.? 1.0 07/U/G8 5.2 3.2 7.9 6.1 8.5 8. 1 . 7 8.6 8.2 9.8 .8 07/27/TEfi 1.2 7.2 8.2 1.5 a. 6 8.5 .8 8. I 8. 1 8. 1 _ 2 08/23/E6 5.3 7.6 6-6 6.2 II. 8 B.6 1.2 6.1 3.1 3.6 . l O9/3S/C8 6,b 3.6 8.3 8.7 9.9 9.3 1.8 1O.3 9.5 3.0 I. 3 lO/21/TiS 9.1 10.0 10.1 io, r 10.7 10.3 9.6 U/IB/128 12.0 15.0 l-t.5 15. 0 15. 0 15.0 15.0 15. 0 15.0 15.0 O1/3O/39 12. S 13. 7 I2.6 13.6 12.8 11.6 12.D 13. 2 9.0

12.3 15.0 11. 5 15.0 15. 0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 9.9 IS.O 1.0 9.6 NINIfUl 1.2 7.2 6.6 1.5 9.5 8. 1 6.1 8.1 a.o .1 1.O 9.6 7.8 9.9 9.5 9.2 10.9 IO. 1 1.5 10. 1 10.2 8.9 1.6 1.0 9.6

1 I LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (tt) (C) (mg/l) (mg/i) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) 03/26/91 1 0 0.030 04/27/91 1 0 5.00 0.10 0.020 05/28/91 1 0 23,70 89.00 7.50 5.00 0.06 0.040 06/30/91 1 0 23.00 46.50 4.00 5.50 0.22 0.044 4.10 07/27/91 1 0 23.40 96.00 8.00 5.70 0.025 09/02/91 1 0 20.70 87.00 7.90 5.50 0.08 NO 09/29/91 1 0 11.50 93.40 10.10 5.00 0.05 0.072 165,50 11/08/91 1 0 10.80 93.00 10.30 5.00 0.07 0.032 93.40 12/08/91 1 166,40 12/22/91 1 0 2.00 97.00 13.40 5.00 0.20 0.009 89.00 01/08/92 1 0 5.00 2.00 147.20 02/26/92 1 0 3.50 99.00 13,00 5.00 0.14 0.016 144.10 04/05/92 1 0 5.00 0.02 0.022 250.00 05/31/92 1 0 5.00 0.08 0.014 06/15/92 1 0 18.80 87.00 8.10 * 07/13/92 1 0 5.20 0.01 0.020 08/13/92 1 0 5.00 0.01 0.005 09/09/92 1 0,038 10/01/92 1 0 10 104 11.5 0.016 17.68 11/06/92 1 5.00 0.04 ND 47.10

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE1 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCH! FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/1) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) 03/26/91 2 0 0.020 04/27/91 2 0 5.00 0.08 0.020 05/28/91 2 0 22.10 99.50 8.67 5.00 0.22 0.050 06/30/91 2 0 22.90 85.80 7.36 5.50 0.47 0.046 55.00 07/27^1 2 0 21.90 82.00 7.20 5.50 0.03 ND 12.00 09/02/91 2 0 21.10 90.00 8.00 5.50 0.38 0.007 9.83 09/29/91 2 0 10.80 85.00 9.40 5.50 0.14 0.051 179.50 11/08/91 2 0 10.80 91.00 10.10 5.00 0.01 0.049 47.00 '",'08/91 2 251.60 ';?/22/91 2 0 1.60 95.00 13.30 5.00 0.23 0.014 84.60 01/08/92 2 0 5.00 0.23 72.70 02/26/92 2 0 2.30 100.00 13.70 5.00 0.32 0.028 47.70 04/05/92 2 0 5.00 0.05 0.081 264.00 05/31/92 2 0 5.00 0.25 0.016 126.00 06/15/92 2 0 19.60 64.00 7.70 *• 12,18 07/13/92 2 0 5.00 0.04 0.030 08/13/92 2 0 20.60 117,00 10.50 5.00 0.06 0.021 124.74 09/09/92 2 ND 10/01/92 2 0 11.1 83 9.2 0.033 13.27 11/06/92 2 5.00 0.08 0.030 337.23

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 2 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/l) (mg/i) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs)

03/26/91 3 0 0.020 04/27/91 3 0 5.00 0,08 0.010 05/28/91 3 0 23.90 105.00 8.80 5.00 0.02 0.020 06/30/91 3 0 26.00 102.50 8.20 5.50 0.01 0.022 14.30 07/27/91 3 0 25.70 96.00 7.80 5.50 0.03 ND 18.30 09/02/91 3 0 25.10 108.00 8.70 5.50 0.01 ND 8.27 09/29/91 3 0 13.30 100.00 10.20 16.00 0.05 0.016 46.00 11/08/91 3 0 10.50 90.00 10.10 4.80 0.06 0.050 34.10 12/08/91 3 12/22/91 3 0 2.70 103.00 14.00 5.00 0.28 0.021 01/08/92 3 0 5.00 0.28 02/26/92 3 0 2.70 96.00 13.00 4.80 0.20 ND 28.60 04/05/92 3 0 5.00 0.02 0.024 96.40 05/31/92 3 0 5.00 0.05 ND 23.40 06/15/92 3 0 22.70 92.00 8.40 * 83.00 07/13/92 3 0 5.00 0.04 0.020 08/13/92 3 0 22.30 105,00 9.00 5.00 0.01 0.005 09/09/92 3 0.033 10/01/92 3 0 14.3 90 9.5 0.014 11/06/92 3 5.00 0.02 0.033

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 3 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/i) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs)

03/26/91 4 0 0.020 04/27/91 4 0 5.00 0.08 0.020 05/28/91 4 0 23.10 84.00 7.23 5.00 0.12 0.070 06/30/91 4 0 26.20 86.00 6.90 5.50 0.08 ND 21.30 07/27/91 4 0 23.20 87,00 7.40 5.50 0.03 ND 92.30 09/02/91 4 0 23.50 40.00 3.40 5.50 0.08 ND 39.00 09/29/91 4 0 12.60 67.20 7.10 5.50 0.05 0.017 36.70 11/08/91 4 0 10.60 92.00 10.30 4.80 0.05 0,027 76.50 12/08/91 4 41.30 12/22/91 4 0 1.80 91.00 12.60 5.00 1.80 0.020 320.00 01/08/92 4 0 5.00 0.18 98.40 02/26/92 4 0 1.70 95.00 13.75 5.00 0.11 0.010 92.30 04/05/92 4 0 5.00 0.04 0.030 329.40 05/31/92 4 0 5.00 0.24 0.016 62.60 06/15/92 4 0 22.50 71.00 6.10 * 42.10 07/13/92 4 0 5.50 0.02 0.037 08/13/92 4 0 22.30 81.00 7.00 5.00 0.01 0.013 21.33 09/09/92 4 0.017 10/01/92 4 0 12.9 63 6.7 0.037 126.05 11/06/92 4 5.00 0.08 ND 21.44

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 4 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFiELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs)

03/26/91 63 0 0,020 04/27/91 6S 0 5.00 0.10 0.020 7.00 •3/28/91 63 0 22.50 105.00 9.10 5.50 0.02 0,030 5.50 CS/30/91 6S 0 22.80 104.00 8.30 5.50 0.03 0.030 7.50 07/27/91 63 0 25.30 78.00 6.20 5.70 0.04 ND 09/02/91 63 0 22.90 86.00 7.40 5.50 0.03 ND 5.50 09/29/91 6S 0 5.50 0.02 0.027 6.00 11/08/91 63 0 9.70 97.00 10.90 5.00 0.06 0.020 10.00 12/08/91 63 12/22/91 6S 0 0.020 01/08/92 6S 0 02/26/92 6S 0 5.00 0.10 0.005 04/05/92 63 0 5.00 0.02 0.046 05/31/92 63 0 5.00 0.01 0.016 06/15/92 63 0 22.50 88.00 7.80 * 07/13/92 63 0 5.20 0.02 0.029 08/13/92 63 0 23.20 76.00 6.60 5.00 0.01 0.020 09/09/92 6S 0.035 10/01/92 63 0.021 11/06/92 63 5.00 0.01 0.027

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGES LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATESTAT/ON SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHJ FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) 03/26/91 6B 25 0.020 04/27/91 6B 25 5.00 0.10 0.140 05/28/91 6B 25 20.80 92.00 8.60 5.50 0.05 0.040 06/30/91 6B 25 53.00 5.50 5.50 0.03 0.060 07/27/91 6 B 25 25,00 25.30 3.00 5.50 0.02 ND 09/02/91 6B 25 22.20 15.00 0.20 5.50 0.01 ND 09/29/91 6B 25 5.00 0.04 ND 11/08/91 6B 25 9.60 96.00 10.80 5.00 0.02 0.040 12/08/91 6B 12/22/91 6B 25 0,010 01/08/92 6B 25 02/26/92 6B 25 04/05/92 6B 25 05/31/92 6B 25 5.00 0.01 0.016 06/15/92 6B 25 22.50 90.00 7.82 * 07/13/92 6B 25 5.20 0.02 0.024 08/13/92 6B 25 22.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 0,01 0.005 09/09/92 6B * 10/01/92 6B * M/06/92 6B *

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 6 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) 03/26/91 7 0 0.030 04/27/91 7 0 5.00 0.08 0.020 05/28/91 7 0 25.70 97.00 8.47 5.00 0.22 0.010 07/27/91 7 0 26.50 99.00 7.90 5.70 0.03 ND 09/02/91 7 0 25.90 97.00 7.90 5.50 0.01 ND 41.37 09/29/91 7 0 5.00 0.04 0.023 34.00 11/08/91 7 0 10.80 83.00 9.30 5.00 0.02 0.120 0.00 12/08/91 7 29.24 12/22/91 7 0 3.00 93.00 12.60 5.00 0.02 0.030 27.10 01/08/92 7 0 5.00 0.02 02/26/92 7 0 4.20 109.00 14.00 4.75 0.01 0.005 6.20 04/05/92 7 0 5.00 0.02 0.039 Rev, Flow 05/31/92 7 0 5.00 0.01 0.013 06/15/92 7 0 * 07/13/92 7 0 5.60 0.02 0.031 08/13/92 7 0 24.40 111,00 9.20 + + * * 09/09/92 7 * 10/01/92 7 0 17.8 62 5.7 * 11/06/92 7 34.42

06/30/91 7 N 0 0.02 06/15/92 7 N 0 22.50 68,00 6.00 *

06/30/91 7S 0 0.01 06/15/92 7S 0 22.50 99.00 8.50 *

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 7 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKF1ELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO ' DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) . J/26/91 8S 0 0.020 04/27/91 8S 0 0.08 0.010 8.00 05/28/91 8S 0 24.00 113.00 9.50 5.50 0.06 0.020 9.00 06/30/91 8S 0 26.00 103.00 8.40 5.50 0.03 0.030 15,00 07/27/91 8S 0 26.00 103.00 8.40 5.70 0.03 ND 09/02/91 8S 0 25.30 100.00 8.30 5.50 0.01 ND 15.00 09/29/91 83 0 17.40 87.40 8.40 5.50 0.04 0.002 13.00 11/03/91 8S 0 11.40 85.00 9.30 4.60 0.04 0.040 6.00 12/08/91 83 12/22/91 83 0 2.00 93.00 13.00 4.70 0.02 0.010 01/08/92 8S 0 4.70 0.02 02/26/92 83 0 1.40 75.00 9.70 5.00 0.04 0.034 04/05/92 8S 0 5.00 0.01 0.030 05/31/92 8S 0 5.00 0.01 ND 06/15/92 8S 0 22.80 95.00 8.20 * 07/13/92 8S 0 5.30 0.01 0.012 08/13/92 8S 0 24.00 95.00 8.00 5.00 0.01 ND 09/09/92 83 0.029 10/01/92 83 0,026 11/06/92 83 5.00 0.01 0.022 13.00

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGES LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) 03/26/91 8M 25 0.020 04/27/91 8M 25 0.08 0.020 05/28/91 8M 25 6.60 35.60 4.38 5.50 0.03 0.020 06/30/91 8M 25 7.00 22.00 2.30 5.50 0.03 0.030 07/27/91 8M 25 12.60 61.30 6.60 5.50 0.04 ND 09/02/91 8M 25 11.00 40.00 3.80 5.50 0.01 ND 09/29/91 8M 25 17.30 85,20 8.10 5.50 0.01 ND 11/08/91 8 M 25 11.40 84.00 9.10 4.80 0.04 0.020 12/08/91 8M 12/22/91 8 M 25 4.00 72.50 9.50 5.00 0.04 01/08/92 8M 25 5.00 02/26/92 8M 25 5.25 0.02 0.006 04/05/92 8M 25 05/31/92 8M 25 5.00 0.01 0,005 06/15/92 8M 25 9.50 92.00 10.70 - * 07/13/92 8M 25 5.00 0.04 0.014 08/13/92 8M 25 12.60 84.00 9.40 5.00 0.03 0.020 09/09/92 8M 0.025 10/01/92 8 M 0.022 11/06/92 8M 5,00 0.01 0.008

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 9 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) 03/26/91 8B 50 0.020 04/27/91 8B 50 0.05 0.020 05/28/91 8B 50 5.50 0.04 0.110 06/30/91 8B 50 0.03 0.020 07/27/91 8B 50 6.70 3.00 3.30 5.50 0.14 ND 09/02/91 8B 50 7.10 3.00 0.20 5.50 0.01 ND 09/29/91 8B 50 7.30 2.00 0.20 5.50 0.06 0.021 11/08/91 8B 50 7.60 6.00 0.90 4.80 0,04 0.030 12/08/91 8B 12/22/91 SB 50 4.20 73.00 9.60 5.00 0.04 0.010 01/08/92 8B 50 5.00 0.04 02/26/92 8B 50 4.40 68.00 9.00 5.00 0.04 0.014 04/05/92 8B 50 05/31/92 8B 50 5.00 0.01 0.019 06/15/92 8B 50 6.50 35.00 4.20 * 07/13/92 8B 50 5.20 0.04 0.019 08/13/92 8B 50 7.20 7.00 1.05 5.00 0.07 0.009 09/09/92 8B 0.015 10/01/92 8B 0.058 11/06/92 8B 5.00 0.01 0.022

053OQ 25-May-94 PAGE 10 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCH! FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) 03/26/91 14 0 0.020 04/27/91 14 0 0.15 0.030 05/28/91 14 0 23.10 78.00 6.90 5.00 0.22 0.020 06/30/91 14 0 22,80 74.00 6.40 5.50 0.44 0.030 18.00 07/27/91 14 0 21,80 63.00 5.50 5.50 0.02 ND 35.20 09/02/91 14 0 21.00 7.00 6.20 5.75 0.64 ND 20.10 09/29/91 14 0 10.60 76.20 8.50 6.00 0.13 0.022 192.00 11/08/91 14 0 10.80 82.00 9.10 4.60 0.07 0.040 94.60 12/08/91 14 141.27 12/22/91 14 0 1.90 91.00 12.70 5.00 0.26 0.020 148.30 01/08/92 14 0 5.00 0.26 99.90 02/26/92 14 0 2.50 95.40 13.00 5.00 0.28 0.014 96.10 04/05/92 14 0 5.00 0.03 0.042 525.50 05/31/92 14 0 5.50 0.46 0.017 53.20 06/15/92 14 0 19,40 72.00 6.70 * 41.00 07/13/92 14 0 5.20 0.08 0.027 08/13/92 14 0 20.20 80.00 7.30 5.00 0.13 0.027 43.70 09/09/92 14 ND 10/01/92 14 0 11.5 85 9.2 0.053 18.17 11/06/92 14 5.00 0.08 0.059 198.88

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 11 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS (ft) (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs) 03/26/91 17 0 04/27/91 17 0 >1.0 0.370 05/28/91 17 0 6.00 >1,0 0.270 06/30/91 17 0 21.00 76.00 6.80 5.50 >1.0 0.390 07/27/91 17 0 22.20 80.00 7.00 6.20 0.80 0.610 09/02/91 17 0 22.50 83.00 7.10 6.00 1.00 ND 09/29/91 17 0 14.50 77.00 7.80 6.00 1.00 0.483 11/08/91 17 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 1.00 1.240 12/08/91 17 12/22/91 17 0 6.40 78.00 9.50 5.70 1.00 0.530 ^1/08/92 17 0 5.70 1.00 .1/26/92 17 0 6.20 80.00 10.00 5,20 1.00 0.887 04/05/92 17 0 5.00 1.00 0.930 05/31/92 17 0 5.75 1.00 0.277 06/15/92 17 0 19.30 78.00 7.50 * 07/13/92 17 0 6.70 1.00 0.492 08/13/92 17 0 20.60 0.00 0.00 0.477 08/13/92 17# 0 20.10 91.00 8.20 5.50 1.00 09/09/92 17 0.203 10/01/92 17 0 14.9 0 0 0.820 11/06/92 17 5.50 1.00 1.600

* SAMPLE NOT RECEIVED + BRIDGE CLOSED (GATE) # RT. 31 BRIDGE (SPENCER CLOSED)

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 12 LYCOTT ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH QUABOAG AND QUACUMQUASIT PONDS BROOKFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS MONITORING RESULTS

DATE STATION SAMPLE TEMP %DO DO PH NITRATE TOTAL SECCHI FLOW DEPTH PHOSPHORUS W (C) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (ft) (cfs)

053QQ 25-May-94 PAGE 13