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Advances in Behavior Genetics
Advances in Behavior Genetics Series Editor Yong-Kyu Kim More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10458 Jonathan C. Gewirtz • Yong-Kyu Kim Editors Animal Models of Behavior Genetics Editors Jonathan C. Gewirtz Yong-Kyu Kim Department of Psychology Janelia Research Campus University of Minnesota Howard Hughes Medical Institue Minneapolis , MN , USA Ashburn , VA , USA Advances in Behavior Genetics ISBN 978-1-4939-3775-2 ISBN 978-1-4939-3777-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3777-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016938080 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. -
Mainstream Science on Intelligence: an Editorial with 52 Signatories, History, and Bibliography
EDITORIAL Mainstream Science on Intelligence: An Editorial With 52 Signatories, History, and Bibliography LINDA S. GOTTFREDSON University of Delaware The following statement was first published in the Wall Street Journal, December 13, 1994. Mainstream Science on Intelligence Since the publication of “The Bell Curve,” it reflects a broader and deeper capability for many commentators have offered opinions comprehending our surroundings-“catch- about human intelligence that misstate cur- ing on,” “ making sense” of things, or “figur- rent scientific evidence. Some conclusions ing out” what to do. dismissed in the media as discredited are ac- 2. Intelligence, so defined, can be mea- tually firmly supported. sured, and intelligence tests measure it well. This statement outlines conclusions re- They are among the most accurate (in techni- garded as mainstream among researchers on cal terms, reliable and valid) of all psycho- intelligence, in particular, on the nature, ori- logical tests and assessments. They do not gins, and practical consequences of individu- measure creativity, character, personality, or al and group differences in intelligence. Its other important differences among individu- aim is to promote more reasoned discussion als, nor are they intended to. of the vexing phenomenon that the research 3. While there are different types of intel- has revealed in recent decades. The follow- ligence tests, they all measure the same intel- ing conclusions are fully described in the ligence. Some use words or numbers and major textbooks, professional journals and require specific cultural knowledge (like vo- encyclopedias in intelligence. cabulary). Other do not, and instead use shapes or designs and require knowledge of The Meaning and Measurement of only simple, universal concepts (many/few, Intelligence open/closed, up/down). -
P S Y C H L I N K
P s y c h L i n k Volume 7, Issue 2 The Newsletter of the Institute of Psychology Fall 2004 Contents From the Director - Dr. M. Ellen Mitchell From the Director 1 staff. Along with Jennifer made in undergraduate and Board Chairman 2 Walden, Sean helps to ensure graduate school are the smooth running of multiple powerful, even when we do Dr. Raju CD 2 facets of our operation. As not have frequent contact. Director of well, Anne Rose Johnson came However, this would Development 3 on board this month as our new necessitate an effort on the full time development person. A part of all of you to drop us Undergraduate Certified Fundraising Executive, a note so we can make you a Admissions 4 Anne has a wealth of experi- part of our news. Please Center for Research ence and energy to bring to also tell us about others & Service 5 The university in the fall is a sight to bear on the task of ensuring with whom you may be in I/O News 6 behold: new students, familiar faces, philanthropic support for touch ~ even second hand New Faculty 7 new faculty, old friends, crisp air psychology. We are very news can be good news. Rehab News 8 intermingled with boiling days, the pleased to welcome each and Sad news is also important hum of activity. This fall has been Clinical News 9 every one of them and hope news for us to receive. I particularly busy. We are pleased to you will make the effort to say received word that Anne 10 Alumni Spotlight welcome two new faculty to our hello and join in our welcome. -
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Objects and Their Stories 1985-1990 Nick and Carst and the Netherlands Twin Register
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam objects and their stories 1985-1990 Nick and Carst and the Netherlands Twin Register There are many research institutes at VU Amsterdam. These institutes often bring together various disciplines around a specific theme. One of the more unusual topics is research on twins, which has been carried out at VU Amsterdam since the 1980s. This institute is represented in the collections in a unique way: with a work of art. Art curator Wende Wallert and Professor Dorret Boomsma from the Twin Institute tell us more. Nick and Carst By Wende Wallert In 2016, photographers Monique Eller and Bodine Koopmans made a series of portraits about the twin phenomenon entitled ‘DOUBLE DUTCH’, in collaboration with the NTR and VU Amsterdam. The results of their work were displayed in an exhibition in the Main Building. Set against a muted background, the portrait of Nick and Carst beautifully reveals their similarities and differences as well as the special bond that twins share. Monique Eller and Bodine Koopmans, Nick and Carst, 2016, VU VU Amsterdam aims to stimulate the interaction Amsterdam Art Collection between art and science. Like science, art offers us new insights, but from the imagination. In its own gallery space called WONDER, VU Amsterdam organises exhibitions and events to share current artistic and scientific research with the public. The Netherlands Twin Register By Dorret Boomsma I began my PhD studies at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in 1983, after completing a doctoral programme there and obtaining an MA at the Institute for Behavioural Genetics in Boulder, Colorado. It was in Boulder that I became aware of the value of twin studies. -
ONFERENCE PROG the 13Th International
ONFERENCE PROG C The 13th International Congress on Twin Studies June 4-7, 2010, Seoul, Korea cv mu"' f6ARtt Seoul c.cio4"J' RA7°J2-- U/1 TOURISM ORGANIZATION FRIDAY (JUNE 4) 18:30 -21:00 ICTS Welcome Reception (Regency Room) SATURDAY (JUNE 5) 7:30 - 8:15 Breakfast (Regency Room) Symposium : Genetics of high cognitive abilities Regency Room 815 - 9:45 Organizer: Robert Plomin Robert Plomin & Claire M. A. Haworth 8:15 Genetics of high cognitive abilities : An overview John Hewitt, Angela Brant, Robin Corley, Sally Wadsworth & John DeFries 8:30 A closer look at the developmental etiology of high IQ Matt McGue, Robert M. Kirkpatrick, Michael Miller, & William G. Iacono 8:45 The University of Minnesota Initiative on the Genetics of High Cognitive Ability Allan McRae, Margie Wright, Narelle Hansell, Peter Visscher, Grant Montgomery, & Nicholas G. Martin 9:00 Is high cognitive ability associated with a lower genomic burden of copy number variants? Dorret I. Boomsma, Catherina E.M. van Beijsterveldt, Inge van Soelen , Sanja Franio, Conor V. Dolan, Denny Borsboom,& M. Bartels 9:15 Genetic analysis of longitudinally measured IQ, educational attainment and educational level in Dutch twin-sib samples Paper Session : Twin studies of personality & psychological wellbeing Namsan Ill 8:15 - 9:45 Chair: Corrado Fagnani Christian Kandler, Wiebke Bleidorn, & Rainer Riemann 8:15 Sources of cumulative continuity in personality: A longitudinal multiple-rater twin study Veselka, L., Schermer, J.A., Martin, R. A., & Vernon, P.A. 8:30 The heritability of general factor of personality extracted in four different datasets Antonella Gigantesco, Corrado Fagnani, Guido Alessandri, Emanuela Medda, 8:45 Emanuele Tarolla, & Maria Antonietta Stazi An Italian twin study on psychological well-being in young adulthood Meike Bartels, Gonneke, A.H.M. -
Genetics and Human Behaviour
Cover final A/W13657 19/9/02 11:52 am Page 1 Genetics and human behaviour : Genetic screening: ethical issues Published December 1993 the ethical context Human tissue: ethical and legal issues Published April 1995 Animal-to-human transplants: the ethics of xenotransplantation Published March 1996 Mental disorders and genetics: the ethical context Published September 1998 Genetically modified crops: the ethical and social issues Published May 1999 The ethics of clinical research in developing countries: a discussion paper Published October 1999 Stem cell therapy: the ethical issues – a discussion paper Published April 2000 The ethics of research related to healthcare in developing countries Published April 2002 Council on Bioethics Nuffield The ethics of patenting DNA: a discussion paper Published July 2002 Genetics and human behaviour the ethical context Published by Nuffield Council on Bioethics 28 Bedford Square London WC1B 3JS Telephone: 020 7681 9619 Fax: 020 7637 1712 Internet: www.nuffieldbioethics.org Cover final A/W13657 19/9/02 11:52 am Page 2 Published by Nuffield Council on Bioethics 28 Bedford Square London WC1B 3JS Telephone: 020 7681 9619 Fax: 020 7637 1712 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org ISBN 1 904384 03 X October 2002 Price £3.00 inc p + p (both national and international) Please send cheque in sterling with order payable to Nuffield Foundation © Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2002 All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, no part of the publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without prior permission of the copyright owners. -
Longitudinal Stability of the CBCL-Juvenile Bipolar Disorder Phenotype: a Study in Dutch Twins Dorret I
Longitudinal Stability of the CBCL-Juvenile Bipolar Disorder Phenotype: A Study in Dutch Twins Dorret I. Boomsma, Irene Rebollo, Eske M. Derks, Toos C.E.M. van Beijsterveldt, Robert R. Althoff, David C. Rettew, and James J. Hudziak Background: The Child Behavior Checklist–juvenile bipolar disorder phenotype (CBCL-JBD) is a quantitative phenotype that is based on parental ratings of the behavior of the child. The phenotype is predictive of DSM-IV characterizations of BD and has been shown to be sensitive and specific. Its genetic architecture differs from that for inattentive, aggressive, or anxious–depressed syndromes. The purpose of this study is to assess the developmental stability of the CBCL-JBD phenotype across ages 7, 10, and 12 years in a large population-based twin sample and to examine its genetic architecture. Methods: Longitudinal data on Dutch mono- and dizygotic twin pairs (N ϭ 8013 pairs) are analyzed to decompose the stability of the CBCL-JBD phenotype into genetic and environmental contributions. Results: Heritability of the CBCL-JBD increases with age (from 63% to 75%), whereas the effects of shared environment decrease (from 20% to 8%). The stability of the CBCL-JBD phenotype is high, with correlations between .66 and .77 across ages 7, 10, and 12 years. Genetic factors account for the majority of the stability of this phenotype. There were no sex differences in genetic architecture. Conclusions: Roughly 80% of the stability in childhood CBCL-JBD is a result of additive genetic effects. Key Words: Childhood bipolar affective disorder, genetics, twins disorders (Kahana et al 2003) has been examined across samples, countries, and across methodologies (Althoff et al 2005). -
Behavioral Genetics Research and Criminal Dna Databases
10__KAYE.DOC 9/8/2006 3:55 PM BEHAVIORAL GENETICS RESEARCH AND CRIMINAL DNA DATABASES D.H. KAYE* I INTRODUCTION DNA identification databases have made it possible to apprehend the perpetrators of crimes ranging from auto theft and petty burglary1 to serial rapes and murders.2 Yet the laws establishing these databases have been the subject of persistent litigation and repeated criticism. One recurrent refrain plays on the fear of research into genes and behavior. The public has been told that There are no limits on who uses [the tissue sample]. Even if [a law enforcement agency] decides they’re only going to use it for identification purposes, there’s no restriction on their turning it over to somebody else who will use it to look for a crime gene . .3 Other advocacy groups and individuals have trumpeted the prospect of research seeking a “crime gene”4 or have pointed to the sordid history of biological Copyright © 2006 by D.H. Kaye This article is also available at http://law.duke.edu/journals/lcp. * D.H. Kaye is Regents’ Professor and Fellow, Center for the Study of Law, Science, and Technology, Arizona State University. This work was funded in part by Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER63712. Versions of this paper were presented at a faculty seminar at the University of California at Davis School of Law and at the Conference on the Impact of Behavioral Genetics on Criminal Law hosted by Law and Contemporary Problems at Duke Law School. I am grateful to the participants in those events and to Ira Ellman, Jeffrey Murphy, James Nickels, and James Weinstein for discussions of several of the issues considered in this article, and to Paul Appelbaum, Irving Gottesman, and Mark Rothstein for comments on a draft of the paper. -
A Breath of Fresh Air
European Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 14, 1145–1146 & 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 1018-4813/06 $30.00 www.nature.com/ejhg familiar with genetic terminology. Chap- BOOK REVIEW ter references are indicated with an * or a diamond } depending on relevance and an excellent way to find a good reference A breath of fresh air quickly. ...................................... I enjoyed the miscellaneous section Respiratory Genetics most – covering rare diseases and syn- dromes. It is up to date and includes EK Silverman, SD Shapiro, DA Lomas, ST Weiss. Hodder Arnold, 2005. discussion of causes of hereditary and ........... sporadic pneumothorax including certain Patrick J Morrison mutations in Birt-Hogg-Dube´ syndrome – ......................................................................... something that was not really recognised until recently. European Journal of Human Genetics (2006) 14, 1145 . There are only six colour plates – doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201672 disappointing in a book of this size but overall, this is a great book for respiratory and interested general physicians. General his is an excellent new textbook to carry out a good Pub Med search, and a clinical geneticists will find it useful to on respiratory genetics – an area succinct guide to SNPs and microarrays. have a copy in the library for reference, that has suddenly emerged over Other chapters cover pharmacokinetics and may find their laboratory colleagues T the last decade. and functional genomics. having a look at the more clinical sec- It is well written and divided into four Parts 2–4 cover three clinical respira- tions. This book should become the clear sections: tory disease sections – Part 2 covers standard reference text in this area’ Part 1 deals with key concepts in obstructive lung disease – asthma, chronic respiratory genetics – this section is tar- pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis are Patrick J Morrison is a Professor in the geted at nongeneticists and will not be of covered comprehensively. -
The Nature-Nurture Controversy: a Dialectical Essay
VOLUME 6 1 Cognitive Critique THE NATURE-NURTURE CONTROVERSY: A DIALECTICAL ESSAY MATT MCGUE Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark EMAIL: [email protected] IRVING I. GOTTESMAN Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota EMAIL: [email protected] Accepted September 29, 2012 KEYWORDS behavior genetics, endophenotype, environmentalist, epigenetics, eugenics, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), hereditarian, heritability, monozygotic and dizygotic twins, systems approach ABSTRACT For millennia, scholars, philosophers and poets have speculated on the origins of individual differences in behavior, and especially the extent to which these differences owe to inborn natural factors (nature) versus life circumstances (nurture). The modern form of the nature-nurture debate took shape in the late 19th century when, based on his empirical studies, Sir Francis Galton concluded that 2 THE NATURE - NURTURE CONTROVERSY nature prevails enormously over nurture. However, Galton’s inter- est in eugenics undermined early research into the genetic origins of behavior, which did not re-emerge until the latter half of the 20th century when behavioral geneticists started to publish their findings from twin and adoption studies. Current consensus is that the nature versus nurture debate represents a false dichotomy, and that to prog- ress beyond this fallacy will require the investigation of how both genetic and environmental factors combine to affect the biological systems that underlie behavioral phenotypes. As a word by itself, nature is simply a proxy for the terms ge- netics or heredity. Nurture by itself is simply a proxy for the terms environment or experience, broadly construed. -
IBD Estimation in Pedigrees
23rd International Workshop on Statistical Genetics and Methodology of Twin and Family Studies: Advanced course Pak Sham (director) John Hewitt (host) Lindon Eaves Jeff Lessem Jeff Barrett Marleen de Moor David Evans Stacey Cherny Goncalo Abecasis Ben Neale Mike Neale Shaun Purcell Hermine Maes Manuel Ferreira Sarah Medland Nick Martin Dorret Boomsma Kate Morley Danielle Posthuma Allan McRae Meike Bartels Hunting QTLs – an introduction Nick Martin Queensland Institute of Medical Research Boulder workshop: March 2, 2009 Mendel 1865 – genetics of discrete traits Stature in adolescent twins Women 700 600 500 400 300 200 Std. Dev = 6.40 100 Mean = 169.1 0 N = 1785.00 145.0 155.0 165.0 175.0 185.0 150.0 160.0 170.0 180.0 190.0 Stature R.A. Fisher, 1918 The explanation of quantitative inheritance in Mendelian terms 1 Gene 2 Genes 3 Genes 4 Genes 3 Genotypes 9 Genotypes 27 Genotypes 81 Genotypes 3 Phenotypes 5 Phenotypes 7 Phenotypes 9 Phenotypes 3 3 7 20 6 15 2 2 5 4 10 3 1 1 2 5 1 0 0 0 0 Multifactorial Threshold Model of Disease Single threshold Multiple thresholds unaffected affected normal mild mod sever e Disease liability Disease liability Complex Trait Model Linkage Marker Gene1 Linkage disequilibrium Mode of Linkage inheritance Association Gene2 Disease Phenotype Individual environment Gene3 Common environment Polygenic background Using genetics to dissect metabolic pathways: Drosophila eye color Beadle & Ephrussi, 1936 Finding QTLs Linkage Association First (unequivocal) positional cloning of a complex -
Netherlands Twin Register: from Twins to Twin Families
THE NETHERLANDS Netherlands Twin Register: From Twins to Twin Families Dorret I. Boomsma, Eco J. C. de Geus, Jacqueline M. Vink, Janine H. Stubbe, Marijn A. Distel, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Danielle Posthuma, Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt, James J. Hudziak, Meike Bartels, and Gonneke Willemsen Department of Biological Psychology,Vrije Universiteit,Amsterdam, the Netherlands n the late 1980s The Netherlands Twin Register Rietveld et al., 2000; Stubbe et al., 2005: Vink et al., I(NTR) was established by recruiting young twins and 2004). In this paper we give an update on the ANTR multiples at birth and by approaching adolescent and and YNTR and describe some new developments in young adult twins through city councils. The Adult phenotyping and biobank studies. NTR (ANTR) includes twins, their parents, siblings, spouses and their adult offspring. The number of par- ANTR ticipants in the ANTR who take part in survey and / or laboratory studies is over 22,000 subjects. A special Table 1 offers a summary of the number of family group of participants consists of sisters who are members registered with the ANTR who participated mothers of twins. In the Young NTR (YNTR), data on at least once in one of the surveys or in one of the lab- more than 50,000 young twins have been collected. oratory studies. Families of adolescent and adult Currently we are extending the YNTR by including twins have been extended to include parents, siblings, siblings of twins. Participants in YNTR and ANTR spouses and offspring (over 18 years) of the twins and have been phenotyped every 2 to 3 years in longitudi- siblings.