Menoufia J. Plant Prot., Vol. 3 June (2018): 105 - 113

TRUE INHABITING DATE PALM VARIETIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THANATUS ALBINI REARED ON RED PALM WEEVIL, RHYNCHOPHORUS FERRUGINEUS IN EGYPT

M. H. El-Erksousy(1), H. M. Heikal(2) and Amal I. Abozid(1) (1) Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt (2) Economic Entomology and Agricultural Zoology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Menoufia Univ., Shebin El-Kom, Egypt. Received: Mar. 29 , 2018 Accepted: Apr. 21 , 2018

ABSTRACT: This article was conducted to survey true spiders inhabiting three varieties of date palm in Egypt, as well as the biological aspects of Thanatus albini , Audouin, (Araneae: ) on larvae of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ,Olivier, (Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) to know the possibility of control the larvae of red palm weevil by the T. albini as a biological control method. Date palm fruits of Samani variety was chosen from El-Beheira Governorate represented soft date variety and Siwi variety used as semi-dried variety from Fayoum Governorate while Apremy variety was the dried fruits variety tested from Aswan Governorate. Also, Menoufia, Cairo, Gharbia, Sharkia, Dimetta, Giza, Fayoum, Beni-Sweief, Menia and Aswan Governorates were chosen for study the abundance of spiders in stores. The date palm fruits were collected and identified during the study period from October 2016 till September 2017. The obtained results which conducted on different date palm varieties indicated that the soft and semi dried varieties harbored many of spiders and these spiders obviously decreased in the dried varieties. The obtained data indicated also that the most abundant families were Philodromidae and Salticidae on leaves and Miturgidae, Hersilidae and Lycosidae associated with fruits in the field and on stored date fruits. The biological aspects of the T. albini reared on the larvae of the red palm weevil, R. ferrugineus at 25 ± 2 ºC and 60 ± 5 % RH indicated that the life cycle of the tested spider was 169.87 ± 5.29 and 148.73 ± 3.37 days for female and male, respectively. The food consumption of both female and male was 491.83 ± 46.81 and 310.35 ± 47.76 larvae of the red palm at the same pervious conditions, respectively. Key words: true spiders, date palm, red weevil, biological control.

INTRODUCTION 1985 , Coddington, 1986, Barrin and True spiders are fascinating Litsinger 1995). The Egyptian spider that appeared on the earth during the fauna still incompletely known due to carboniferous geological era, about 300 scarcity of studies on this group million years ago. Spiders live in different especially in Upper Egypt. habitats, in arid regions and wet lands, in In Egypt spiders are found to be low lands and mountains, in cold tundra predators on insects and mites, which and in hot equatorial regions, moreover cause damages for many agricultural spiders are predators at all. In Egypt crops. The predacious habits of spiders spiders are one of the more diverse are beneficial in the control of different taxa, ranking as seventh grade pests. In Egypt, Hussein, 1999, El- in global diversity, which makes them a Erksousy, 2000 studied the seasonal fascinating group to study (Agnew, et al., abundance and activity patterns of spider

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M. H. El-Erksousy fauna in some vegetable fields in As for the biology of spiders, Foelix Menoufia, Nile Delta. Spiders belongs to (2011) stated a book on the biology of order : Araneae are among one of the spiders. In addition, Mohamed and Salam most rich groups of terrestrial animals, (2003) studied the biology of the true included more than 45,000 spider species spider, Thomisus spinifer Cambridge belonging to 114 families described so (Thomisidae: Araneae), El-Erksousy far and many thousands still awaiting (2003) studied the biology of the spider, discovery and description (World Spider Theridion egyptium Fawzy & El-Erksousy Catalog, 2015). In Egypt, there are 40 when reared on Spodoptera littoralis families belonging to 193 genera and 385 larvae. In addition, El-Erksousy, et al., species (El-Hennawy, 2002, 2006, 2010). 2006 determined the Biological aspects Furthermore, Ibrahim, et al., 2012 of the spider, Steatoda triangulosa, surveyed true spiders in wheat, cotton Walkckenare reared on larvae of and maize fields, in Egypt. Spodoptera littoralis ,Boisd. Furthermore, El-Erksousy, et al., 2002 examined the The date palm fruits contain high ratio use of the spider, Theridion egyptium of sugars more than 75 % of their weight, sp.n. as biological control agent against so it can be regard as the most important cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, fruits containing heat energy. Many recently, Obuid-Allah et al. (2015) important industries have been initiated conducted a study on the ecology of on them and are considered the main spiders at Qena governorate, Egypt, income of many inhabitants. Date palm furthermore, Ahmad and Heikal (2016) fruits produced in Egypt are considered studied the biological characteristics of the best date fruit varieties, which can be the spider, Theridion spinitarse O. exported to foreign markets provided that Pickard-Cambridge, 1876 (Araneae: the product qualities are most Theridiidae) in Egypt. satisfactory, being free of pest infestation and residues of pesticides. The date palm The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus infested in any of its stages by many of ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: pests (insects and mites) and diseases Curculionidae) is the most serious pest which make this crop is not desirable and to palm where its distribution was not quality and quantity satisfies. To registered around the world in about 39 avoid the hazard use of different countries and differs also inside the chemical pesticides, the recent same country. Females of the red palm researches allover the world oriented weevil emerged from its cocoon after toward using new approaches for saving completed it sexual organs looking for the date palm fruits from any harmful male and mates. Females lay its eggs on sources by using biological control the crevices, roots, offshoots, inside old methods including true spiders. emerged holes, and caves made by previous infestation. Female last about 2- Nowadays, more than 38432 true 3 months and placed from 150-250 eggs spider species belonging to 3542 genera singly. Female makes a small grubs by in 110 families were identified, Plantnich its snout in the tissue and laid its eggs (2004). In Egypt, El-Hennawy (2002) listed covered with cement material. The 385 different spider species in Egyptian resulting larvae of chewing grubs on the fauna belonging to 40 families. Survey of fiber ducts (larva doses not eat cellulose different spiders associated with date but feed on the sap) the sap come up and palm in the field and store in Egypt is fermentation happen due to very rare, Sallam and Yassin (2005) and contamination with micro organisms and Sallam et al., (2007). may come outside the tree by more larval

True spiders inhabiting date palm varieties with special reference to ………... activity due to continuous feeding Cairo, Gharbia, Sharkia, Dimetta, Giza, cavities full of eating fibers and sap come Fayoum, Beni-Sweief, Menia and Aswan outside the tree with special smell and Governorates were chosen for study the brownish color. In the severally infested abundance of spiders in date palm trees the stem of palm shown empty and stores. fill with mixture of all stages and boring The different spiders were collected products. Mostly over lapping generation by handing sorting method using small happen inside one tree. If infestation sieves. The collected samples were happens in the head of the tree, toppling conducted monthly during the surveying occurred. When extensive infestation period. The surveyed spiders were kept happen, tree stated to be dray then the in glass vials containing ethyl alcohol 70 adult emergence occur and weevils % and droplets of glycerin. started to attack new trees (El-Sebay, 2000). 3- Identification of collected So, this article was conducted to spiders: study the survey and the abundance of The identification of the collected different spiders inhabiting three adult females of spiders were identified varieties of date palm in Egypt, as well as depending on the epigynal plate, but in the biological aspects of Thanatus albini case of males, the palp anatomy is an on larvae of red palm weevil, important factor for identification based Rhynchophorus ferrugineus in Egypt as on the systems of Petrunkevitch (1939), a safe method to control the larvae of the Kaston (1978) and El-Hennawy (1990). red palm weevil biologically by the spider T. albini (Audouin). 4- The biological aspects of the spider, Thanatus albini: MATERIALS AND METHODS The biological aspects of the spider, 1- Regions and date palm fruit Thanatus albini was studied at Plant varieties: Protection Research Institute Station, Date palm fruits of Samani variety was Qaluobia governorate on the larvae of the collected from El-Beheira Governorate red palm weevil, R. ferrugineus. Eggs of represented soft date variety and Siwi R. ferrugineus were collected and variety was used as semi-dried variety maintained at 25±2ºC and 60±5% RH until from Fayoum Governorate, while Apremy hatching, then the newly hatching larvae variety was the dried fruits variety which reared on semi artificial diets contains 1 was collected from Aswan Governorate. kg of sweat potatoes ,250 g carrot, 20 g glucose ,4 g agar ,250 g cereals, vitamin 2- Survey study: B (1mg) and vitamin D (0.2 mg), these The date palm fruits were collected components dissolved in half liter water during the study period from October (El-Sebay, et al., 2003) in special cages, 2016 till September 2017 in different leaves changed gradually when needed Egyptian habitats in field and store for to obtain the larvae of red palm weevil, survey and identification of the collected which used as a prey for T. albini. The spiders. El-Beheira Governorate was spiderlings and adult stages of T. albini represented the soft variety (Rashid were collected at Qaluobia governorate region) (Samani variety), Fayoum from date palm trunks where can be Governorate for semi-dry variety (Siwi getting a lot numbers of spider stages variety) and Aswan Governorate for dried were collected, then transferred to the variety (Apremy variety). Also, Menoufia, laboratory to identify. Adult males and

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M. H. El-Erksousy females were isolated together in a glass immature stages (spiderlings) with rare tube 20 cm long and 0.5 cm in diameter, numbers on Samani and Apremy fruits, then closed with a cotton piece. After but the family Lycosidae was represented matting, the female were observed daily in this study by Hogna ferox as adult until laying their egg sac and hatching of stages. The results also showed that the the eggs to obtain the immature stages of collected families of Philodromidae, this predator. Each spiderling was Salticidae and Lycosidae were recorded isolated separately in test tube with prey with high numbers on leaves of Samani individuals and gave some individuals variety only and this may be due to the and noticed till reaching to adult stages. kind of the associated pests which may Number of consumed larvae were be play an important role on the kind of estimated during each stage of T. albini, the collected spider. The obtained results as well as the duration of each stage. were similar to that obtained by Thang, et al., (1990) and Sallam and Yassin (2005). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-Survey of different spiders on date 1-Survey of true spiders in field palm fruits in stores: and stores: This study was conducted to The obtained data in Table (1) investigate the different spiders indicated that there were five spider associated with the palm fruits in stores. species associated with both leaves and The obtained data in Table (2) fruits of date palm as follows: indicated that there were five spider sp (Philodromidae), which species, two species only were identified was found with high numbers on Samani to species level as Hogna ferox variety leaves and absent from the rest of (Lycosidae), Thomisus spinifer other varieties. Also, Theyene imperialis (Thomisidae), two species only were belonging to family Salticidae was identified to genus level in this study, collected from the leaves of all tested Erigone sp. (Linyphiidae) and Uloborus varieties and from the fruits of Apremy sp. (Uloboridae), and all the spiders were variety, while Chericanthium sp. collected with rare number or moderate, (Miturgidae) was collected on leaves and while the individuals of the family fruits of Samani variety only. As for, Hersilidae in this study were immature family Hersilidae, the identification of the stages (spiderlings), so identification of collected specimens was not complete them was impossible. because the available individuals were

Table (1): Occurrence of spiders collected from date palm trees in the field and stores Variety Family Species Stage Apremy Siwi Samani fruits leaves fruits leaves fruits leaves Philodromus sp. Adult - - - - - +++ Philodromidae Thanatus albini Adult + ++ + +++ + +++ Salticidae Theyene imperialis Adult + + - + - +++

Miturgidae Cheiracanthium sp. Adult - - - - + ++

Hersilidae unknown Immature + - - - + -

Lycosidae Hogna ferox Adult + + + - + -

+ = rare (1 – 3) individuals ++ = moderate (4-9) individuals +++ = high (more than 9 individuals)

True spiders inhabiting date palm varieties with special reference to ………...

Table (2): Survey of true spiders on Apremy variety fruits in stores at different regions. Region Family species Stage Abundance Giza, Gharbia, Menoufia Lycosidae Hogna ferox Adults + and Beheira Menoufia, Beni -Sweief, Thomisus Thomisidae All stages ++ Menia and Gharbia spinifer Sharkia and Dimetta Linyphiidae Erigone sp. Adults ++

Fayoum Hersilidae unknown Immatures +

Cairo and Gharbia Uloboridae Uloborus sp. Immatures + + = rare (1 – 3) individuals ++ = moderate (4-9) individuals

Also, from the obtained data, it was relative movements for about 2-3 noticed that the geographical localities minutes, then climbed on her back for a were highly affected the occurrence of while, then descended female raised her different species, where Hogna ferox and body laterally, then male move under her, Thomisius spinifer were found in many clasped all her appendages beneath her regions than other species and this show body. The ventral side of male body was the importance of geographical regions facing the female ventral side, and then in spider distribution and abundance. copulation occurred for 2-3 minutes. The obtained results were confirmed by During this process, male was without those obtained by Sallam et al. (2007) any motion, then moved for 5-10 second where they found 17 families on date several times. After a short time from the palm in Rashid region of Egypt on all first mating, the male repeated the mating parts of the plants, where the most process but from the other side of female important collected families were body. The mating process took about 10- Agelinidae, Theridiidae and Lycosidae. 15 minutes.

3- Biological aspects of Thanatus 3.3. Oviposition and eggs incubation: albini spider reared on red palm The gravid females of the predator weevil larvae: spider, T. albini which reared on red palm 3.1. Feeding behavior: weevil larvae were laid its eggs in sacs, The adult and immatures of the spider, and each one contained 25-30 egg. The T. albini closed slowly to the prey and mean incubation periods were 18.0 ± 0.81 moved around the prey for a few seconds and 17.66 ± 0.69 days for female and then caught it between its chelicerae, male, respectively. Eggs were yellowish then embedded its chelicerae in the prey in color; almost spherical then became body which was partially injured, and this darker before hatching. The spiderlings was repeated several times. stayed together before getting out from the egg sac. The newly hatched 3.2. Mating: spiderlings did not feed for about 3 The virgin female stayed feeding for hours, and before the end of each an average of 12.5 days before mating, spiderling stage individual rested for after that female were transported to the about 3 hours before the emergence of male rearing container, where male the following stage. started to come close to the female in a

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3.4. Developmental stages of The obtained results in Table (4) Thanatus albini reared on red revealed that the seven spiderlings palm weevil larvae: stages of the spider T. albini female The obtained results in Table (3) consumed an averages of 79.85, 99.57, showed that the mean egg incubation 89.50, 61.35, 48.64, 70.92 and 42.00 larvae period was lasted 18.0 and 17.66 days for of the red palm weevil, R. ferrugineus, female and male, respectively, at 25 ± 2ºC respectively, while male spiderlings and 60 ± 5 % RH. The duration of different consumed 33.80, 66,71, 42.00, 53.64, st spiderlings of female from 1 spiderling 27.28, 44.92 and 42.00 larvae of the red th to the 7 averaged 25.00, 22.60, 22.13, palm weevil, R. ferrugineus, respectively. 21.35, 20.13, 20.33 and 20.26 day, Thus, during the life cycle of the female, respectively, while those of male were spiderlings consumed 491.83 ± 46.81 lasted 22.80, larvae of R. ferrugineus, while along male 20.80,19.46,10.40,19.66,19.13 and 19.00 stage, spiderlings consumed 310.35 ± days, respectively. The total duration of 47.76 larvae. male life cycle (egg + immatures) was From the obtained results, it can be shorter than that of female, averaging concluded that the tested spider may be 148.73 and 169.87 days, respectively. considered one of the successful bio 3.5. Food consumption of T. albini fed control agent that play an important role on R. ferrugineus larvae : in controlling this pest.

Table (3): Duration of different stages of the spider, Thanatus albini , Audouin fed on the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus at 25 ± 2 ºC and 60 ± 5 % RH. Developmental stages Duration (days) Female ±SE Male ±SE Egg incubation period 18.00±0.81 17.66±0.69 1st spiderling 25.00±1.03 22.80±1.10 2nd spiderling 22.60±1.08 20.80±1.20 3rd spiderling 22.13±1.54 19.46±0.80 4th spiderling 21.35±1.02 10.40±1.01 5th spiderling 20.13±1.20 19.66±1.29 6th spiderling 20.33±1.29 19.13±1.14 7th spiderling 20.26±1.18 19.00±.073 Life cycle 169.87±5.29 148.73±3.37

Table (4): Food consumption of Thanatus albini , Audouin fed on larvae of the red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus at 25 ± 2 ºC and 60 ± 5 % RH. Spiderling stages Average no of larvae consumed by T.albini stages Female± SE Male± SE 1st spiderling 79.85±6.65 33.80±9.98 2nd spiderling 99.57±8.70 66.71±9.50 3rd spiderling 89.50±6.78 42.00±5.55 4th spiderling 61.35±1.42 53.64±0.50 5th spiderling 48.64±6.98 27.28±5.38 6th spiderling 70.92±7.85 44.92±8.40 7th spiderling 42.00±8.43 42.00±8.45 Life cycle 491.83±46.81 310.35±47.76

True spiders inhabiting date palm varieties with special reference to ………...

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True spiders inhabiting date palm varieties with special reference to ………...

اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻛب اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘواﺠدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠف اﺼﻨﺎف اﻟﻨﺨﯿل ﻤﻊ اﻹﺸﺎرة اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤظﺎﻫر اﻟﺒﯿوﻟوﺠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻛﺒوت Thanatus albini اﻟﻤرﺒﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴوﺴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﯿل اﻟﺤﻤراء Rhynchophorus ferrugineus ﻓﻲ ﻤﺼر

ﻤﺤﻤد ﺤﺴن ﻤﺤﻤد اﻟﻌرﻗﺴوﺴﻲ(١) ، ﻫﺎﻨﻰ ﻤﺤﻤد ﻤﺤﻤد ﻫﯿﻛل(٢) ، آﻤﺎل اﺒراﻫﯿم اﺒو زﯿد(١) (١) ﻤﻌﻬد ﺒﺤوث وﻗﺎﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎت - ﻤرﻛز اﻟﺒﺤوث اﻟزراﻋﯿﺔ - ﻤﺼر - اﻟدﻗﻲ – ا ﻟ ﺠ ﯿ زة (٢) ﻗﺴم اﻟﺤﺸرات اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯿﺔ واﻟﺤﯿوان اﻟزراﻋﻰ – ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟزراﻋﺔ – ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨوﻓﯿﺔ – ﻤﺼر اﻟﻤﻠﺨص اﻟﻌرﺒﻰ

أﺠرﯿت ﻫذﻩ اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﺒﻐرض ﺤﺼر اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻛب اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺘواﺠدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺜﻼﺜﺔ أﺼﻨﺎف ﻤن اﻟﺒﻠﺢ ﻓﻰ ﺒﻌض ﻤﺤﺎﻓظﺎت ﻤﺼر ﺤﯿث ﺘم ﺠﻤﻊ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻤن أوراق وﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﺒﻠﺢ وﻤﺨﺎزن اﻟﺘﻤر (اﻟﺒﻠﺢ اﻟﺠﺎف ) ﻟﻤدة ﻋﺎم ﻛﺎﻤل ﻤن اﻛﺘوﺒر ٢٠١٦ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺴﺒﺘﻤﺒر ٢٠١٧ وﻗد أﺴﻔرت اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺘم اﻟﺤﺼول ﻋﻠﯿﻬﺎ ﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﺼر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺨﺘﻠف أﻨواع اﻟﻨﺨﯿل ﻤن اﻷﺼﻨﺎف اﻟﺠﺎﻓﻪ وﺸﺒﻪ اﻟﺠﺎﻓﻪ واﻟﻠﯿﻨﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺼر اﻟﻰ وﺠود ﻋدد ﻛﺒﯿر ﻤن اﻨواع اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻛب اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ واﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﻨﺘﻤﻰ اﻟﻰ ﻋﺎﺌﻼت ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻨواع اﻟﺒﻠﺢ اﻟﻠﯿﻨﻪ ﺒﯿﻨﻤﺎ إﻨﺨﻔﻀت ﺘﻠك اﻻﻋداد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻨواع اﻟﺠﺎﻓﻪ واﻟﻨﺼف ﺠﺎﻓﻪ ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﺒﯿﻨت اﻟدراﺴﺔ أن اﻷﻨواع اﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻪ ﻟﻌﺎﺌﻼت Philodromidae ، Salticidae وﺠدت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷوراق ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﻘل ، ﺒﯿﻨﻤﺎ وﺠدت اﻷﻨواع اﻟﺘﺎﺒﻌﻪ ﻟﻌﺎﺌﻼت Lycosidae ، Miturgidae ، Hersilidae ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺜﻤﺎر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﻘل وﻛذﻟك ﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﺒﻠﺢ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺨﺎزن ، وﯿرﺠﻊ ذﻟك اﻟﻰ ﺴﻬوﻟﺔ إﺼﺎﺒﺔ اﻟﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﻠﯿﻨﻪ ﺒﺎﻻﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ﺒﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﻟﺜﻤﺎر اﻟﺠﺎﻓﻪ واﻟﻨﺼف ﺠﺎﻓﻪ ﺘﻛون أﻗل إﺼﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﺎﻻﻓﺎت. ﻛﻤﺎ أظﻬرت ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟدراﺴﺔ اﻟﺒﯿوﻟوﺠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻛﺒوت Thanatus albini ﻋﻨد اﻟﺘﻐذﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯿرﻗﺎت ﺴوﺴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﯿل اﻟﺤﻤراء Rhynchophorus ferrugineus أن ﻤﺘوﺴط ﻓﺘرة ﺤﻀﺎﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﯿض ﻛﺎﻨت ١٨.٠ ، ١٧.٦٦ ﯿوم ﻟﻛل ﻤن اﻷﻨﺜﻰ واﻟذﻛر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘواﻟﻰ. ﻛذﻟك وﺠد اﯿﻀﺎ ان ﻤﺘوﺴط دورة ﺤﯿﺎة اﻟذﻛر ﻛﺎﻨت ١٤٨.٧٣ ﯿوم وﻫ ﻰ اﻗل ﻤن ﻤﺘوﺴط دورة ﺤﯿﺎة اﻷﻨﺜﻰ اﻟﺘﻰ اﺴﺘﻐرﻗت ١٦٩.٨٧ ﯿوم. ﻟوﺤظ اﯿﻀﺎ ﻤن اﻟدراﺴﺔ ﻛﻔﺎءة اﺴﺘﻬﻼك ﻛﻼ ﻤن أﻨﺜﻰ وذﻛر اﻟﻌﻨﻛﺒوت ﻟﯿرﻗﺎت ﺴوﺴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﯿل اﻟﺤﻤراء ﺤﯿث وﺠد أن ﻤﺘوﺴط اﻻﺴﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻛﻠﻰ ﻷ ﻨﺜﻰ وذﻛر اﻟﻌﻨﻛﺒوت ﻛﺎﻨت ٤٩١.٨٣ و ٣١٠.٣٥ ﯿرﻗﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘواﻟﻰ. ﻤن اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ، ﯿوﺼﻰ اﻟﺒﺤث ﺒﺈﻤﻛﺎﻨﯿﺔ إﺴﺘﺨدام اﻟﻌﻨﻛﺒوت اﻟﻤﻔﺘرس Thanatus albini ﻓﻰ ﺒراﻤﺞ اﻟﻤﻛﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﺤﯿوﯿﺔ ﻟﺴوﺴﺔ اﻟﻨﺨﯿل اﻟﺤﻤراء.

أﺴﻤﺎء اﻟﺴﺎدة اﻟﻤﺤﻛﻤﯿن أ.د/ ﻋﺻﺎم ﻣﺣﻣد ﻋﺑداﻟﺳـــﻼم ﻤﻌﻬد ﺒﺤوث وﻗﺎﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺘﺎت – اﻟدﻗﻰ - ا ﻟ ﺠ ﯿ زة أ.د/ ﻤﺤﻤد اﻷﻤﯿن ﻤﺤﻤد ﺴوﯿﻠم ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟزراﻋﺔ – ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻣﻧوﻓﯾﺔ

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M. H. El-Erksousy