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Tang et al. Virology Journal (2018) 15:147 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12985-018-1058-8 SHORT REPORT Open Access The complete genomic sequence of Sugarcane mosaic virus from Canna spp. in China W Tang1,2†, Z-Y Yan1†, T-S Zhu1,3†, X-J Xu1, X -D Li1* and Y-P Tian1* Abstract Background: Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is the prevalent virus inducing maize dwarf mosaic and sugarcane mosaic diseases in China. According to the phylogenetic results of the complete genomic and coat protein gene sequences, SCMV was divided into four or five molecular groups, respectively. Previously, we detected SCMV isolates of group SO from Canna spp. in Ji’nan, Shandong province, China. Findings: In this study, we collected two SCMV isolates infecting Canna spp. in Ji’nan (Canna-Ji’nan) and Tai’an (Canna-Tai’an) of Shandong, China. Their complete genome sequences had genome of 9576 nucleotides and contained a large open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3063 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the both Canna-Ji’nan and Canna-Tai’an were clustered into an independent group based on the complete genome sequence. Conclusion: In this study, we report the complete genome sequences of SCMV infecting Canna spp. from Ji’nan and Tai’an. This is the first report on SCMV belonging to SO group. Keywords: Canna spp., Complete genome, Phylogenetic analysis, SCMV Body of text isolates are divided into five groups (A to E) specific to Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a species of the genus host origins [4]. Isolates of group E (SO) have been Potyvirus in the Potyviridae family and mainly infects reported from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)in plants of monocotyledons including maize, sorghum, Vietnam and China [4] and are therefore designated as sugarcane and canna. It is the major pathogen of sugar- group SO. In 2015 and 2016, SCMV isolates of group cane mosaic disease and maize dwarf mosaic disease and SO was reported to infect Cannas spp. [5]. But so far causes significant yield losses in China [1, 2]. SCMV has there is no information on the complete genomic se- flexuous filamental particles of 700~ 750 nm long and quences of SCMV from group SO available. can be transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent man- ner. The SCMV genome is single-stranded, positive Provenance of virus material RNA containing a single open reading frame (ORF), Plant of Canna spp. showing symptoms of severe mosaic which code a large polyprotein and a truncated frame- and dwarf were observed at incidence of 20%~ 30%. Two shift product [3]. SCMV isolates can be clustered to four symptomatic leaf samples were collected in 2015 and 2016, groups according to the phylogenetic analysis of the respectively, from the parks of Ji’nan (N36°43′, E117°36′) complete genomic sequences [4] . However, according to and Tai’an (N36°10′, E117°10′), Shandong Province, China. the phylogenetic results of coat protein genes, SCMV Total RNA was extracted using the RNAprep Pure Plant Kit (Polysaccharides & Polyphenolics-rich) (Tiangen, Beijing, * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] China). The first-strand cDNA was synthesized using †W Tang, Z-Y Yan and T-S Zhu contributed equally to this work. Moloney MLV reverse transcriptase (Takara, Dalian, China) 1Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, with primer 5’-GGTCGACTGCAGGATCCAAGCT15–3′ Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, People’s Republic of China [6]. Degenerate primers was designed according to the con- Full list of author information is available at the end of the article served regions of potyviruses and were used to amplify © The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Tang et al. Virology Journal (2018) 15:147 Page 2 of 4 different genomic parts of virus via RT-PCR [7]. To deter- The highly conserved G1~2A6~ 7 (G2686GAAAAAA2 mine the genomic ends, rapid amplification of cDNA ends 693) motif was also identified within the P3 protein, produ- (RACE) was conducted using the 5’-Full RACE Kit with cing PIPO with the + 2 reading frameshift. TAP (Takara, Dalian, China) with specific primers. An The complete genome of SCMV Canna-Ji’nan and additional WORD file shows the primer sequences in more Canna-Tai’an shared nt identity of 98.0% and aa identity detail (see Additional file 1). DNASTAR 7.1.0 package of 98.8%. At the complete genome level, Canna-Ji’nan (DNASTAR Inc., Madison, WI, USA) was used to assemble shared the highest nt identities of 76.5% with isolates the sequences. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred by Henan (AF495510) and SX (AY569692), aa identities of the Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods 85.5% with isolates Xiangshan (AJ310103) and Yuhang with 1000 bootstrap replicates using MEGA6.06. (AJ310104) from China and isolate sp. (AM110759) from Spain; while Canna-Tai’an shared the highest nt Sequence properties identities of 76.6% with isolates Beijing (AY042184) from Both of the two Canna samples were positive to SCMV China and JAL-1 (GU474635) from Mexcio, aa identities antiserum in ELISA detection. The SCMV infecting of 85.6% with isolates Xiangshan (AJ310103) and Canna plants in Ji’nan and Tai’an were designated as Yuhang (AJ310104). At the coat protein gene level, Canna-Ji’nan and Canna-Tai’an accordingly. The complete Canna-Ji’nan and Canna-Tai’an shared nt identities of genome of SCMV Canna-Ji’nan and Canna-Tai’an have 87–91% and 87–92% with isolates from Yunnan prov- been deposited in the GenBank database and allocated the ince, China and Vietnam (FM998893-FM998896 and accession numbers KY548506 and KY548507, respectively. DQ925427-DQ925428) in GenBank, which clustered The complete genome of both SCMV canna isolates were into SO group based on cp gene. The most variable gene 9576 nucleotides (nt) in length excluding the poly (A) P1 shared the lowest nt identities of 56.7–62.2% and aa tails. Their 5’-UTRs and 3’-UTRs were 148 nt and 238 nt, identities of 51.5–55.8%, while PIPO shared the highest respectively. The conserved potyboxes ‘a’ and ‘b’ in nt identities of 87.1–91.2% and aa identities of 85.0– 5’-UTR [8] were identified as A19CAACAC25 and 92.5% among the eleven mature proteins between SCMV C38CAAGCA44. The first in-frame AUG149–151 situated in canna isolates and other isolates. An additional WORD the context CGAGAUGGC was presumed to be the initi- file shows the nt and aa identities in more detail (see ation codon of the polyprotein translation. The ORF of Additional file 2). SCMV canna isolate was 9192 nt, encoding a polyprotein A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the complete 3063 amino acids (aa). The polyprotein of SCMV is proc- genomic sequences of Canna-Jinan, Canna-Tai’an and essed into ten mature functional proteins, and the nine other 29 SCMV isolates, using that of a MDMV isolate putative protease cleavage sites were identified (Table 1) (AJ001691) as the out-group. The results showed that [9]. Unlike Y/A in other SCMV isolates, the cleavage site these 31 SCMV isolates were clustered to five groups. at the P1/HC-Pro junction of Canna-Ji’nan and Group I contained 12 SCMV isolates from maize and was Canna-Tai’an was Y/S, which was also found in that of divided into two subgroups. The isolates of subgroup IA Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV). The cleavage site at were collected from Europe, Africa and America, while VPg/NIa-Pro junction of other SCMV isolates was E/S, those of subgroup IB were from China. Group II con- while that of Canna-Ji’nan and Canna-Tai’an was E/A. E/A tained 11 isolates and was also divided into two sub- was also found in the cleavage site at VPg/NIa-Pro junc- groups. Subgroup IIA contained four isolates from maize, tion of Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) [6]. three from Africa and one from America; subgroup IIB Table 1 Putative cleavage sites of SCMV canna isolate and other isolates Isolate Canna JN021933 AJ278405 AJ310102 AM110759 Region P1/HC-Pro LDIEHY/S LDIDHY/A LEIEHY/A FDIEHY/A MEIEHY/A HC-Pro/P3 REYIVG/G REYIVG/G RDYLVG/G REYIVG/G REYIVG/G P3/6 K1 TGVIHE/G TGVIHE/G TGVIHE/G TGVIHE/G TGVIHE/G 6 K1/CI TPVTHQ/S PSVAQQ/S PPVMQQ/S PPVVQQ/S PPVTQQ/S CI/6 K2 NTVIHQ/G NTVIHQ/G NTVIHQ/G NTVIHQ/G NTVIHQ/G 6 K2/NIa-VPg TDVLHQ/G INVSHQ/G TNVSHQ/G TNVSHQ/G TEVLHQ/G NIa-VPg/NIa-Pro IGVTHE/A TGVAHE/S TGVAHE/S AGVAHE/S TGVAHE/S NIa-Pro/NIb SSVEEQ/C MSVEEQ/C MIVEEQ/C ISVEEQ/C MSVEEQ/C NIb/CP EDVVHQ/A EEVIHQ/S DEVFHQ/A EDVFHQ/S EDVFHQ/S Tang et al. Virology Journal (2018) 15:147 Page 3 of 4 100 AM110759/Spain/Maize/Spain 100 JX185303/Seehausen/Maize/Germany 100 EU091075/VER1/Maize/Mexico GU474635/JAL-1/Maize/Mexico IA 100 KP860935/F2S1/Maize/Ethiopia KP772216/M5/Ethiopia/Maize 100 100 KP860936/F3S22/Maize/Ethiopia I AY569692/Shanxi/Maize/China 100 100 AY042184/Beijing/Maize/China IB 100 AJ297628/Zhejiang/Maize/China 100 AF494510/Henan/Maize/China AY149118/Shandong/Maize/China 100 KF744391/R2/Maize/Rwanda 100 KF744390/R1/Maize/Rwanda IIA 100 KF744392/R1/Maize/Rwanda JX188385/Ohio/Maize/USA 71 100 KT895081/ZRA/Maize/Iran KT895080/NRA/Sugarcane/Iran 100 II 100 85 JX237862/ARG-1662/Sugarcane/Argentina 100 JX237863/ARG-915/Sugarcane/Argentina AJ278405/Bris-A/Sugarcane/Australia IIB KR108212/FZ-C1/Sugarcane/China 100 KR108213/FZ-C2/Sugarcane/China 100 AJ310103/Xiangshan/Sugarcane/China 100 AJ310102/Lingpin//Sugarcane/China III 100 AJ310104/Yuhang/Sugarcane/China 79 AJ310105/Guangdong/Maize/China 100 KY006657/MO1/Maize/Ecuador IV JN021933/BD8/Maize/China 100 KY548506/Canna-Ji’nan/Canna/China KY548507/Canna-Tai’an/Canna/China V(SO) AJ001691/MDMV/Maize/Bulgaria 0.05 Fig.
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  • Mosaic Disease of Maize Caused by Sugarcane Mosaic Potyvirus in Sulawesi

    Mosaic Disease of Maize Caused by Sugarcane Mosaic Potyvirus in Sulawesi

    56Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 2(2) 2001: 56-59 W. Wakman et al. MOSAIC DISEASE OF MAIZE CAUSED BY SUGARCANE MOSAIC POTYVIRUS IN SULAWESI W. Wakmana, M.S. Kontonga, A. Muisa, D.M. Persleyb, and D.S. Teaklec aResearch Institute for Maize and Other Cereals, Jalan Ratulangi, Maros 90154, Indonesia bDepartment of Primary Industries, Indooroopily, Queensland, Australia cDepartment of Microbiology, University of Queensland, Australia ABSTRACT 1978), Brazil (Fernandes and Schaffert, 1978), and Australia (Teakle and Grylls, 1973). In Sulawesi, Mosaic disease of maize and grasses is commonly found in mosaic symptoms were observed in different places, Sulawesi. The symptoms resemble the common mosaic symptoms i.e., Maros, Barru, Bontobili (Gowa), Bantaeng, of virus infection, but the pathogen has not been identified. Bulukumba, and Manado (Wakman and Kontong, The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent of the mosaic disease of maize and grasses in Sulawesi. 1997). Leaf chlorotic disease of Rottboellia sp. (ichy Transmissions of the virus were studied by mechanical grass) found in Bontobili Experimental Farm in 1997 inoculation and the insect vector aphid. Serological study was was similar to maize mosaic with respect to done by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). transmission into sweet corn seedlings, symptoms, Results of mechanical inoculation showed that the disease was and host range. The objective of this study was to caused by a virus which was transmitted from diseased maize and identify the causal agent of mosaic disease affecting grasses to healthy sweet corn seedlings. The disease was also transmitted by aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis). Serological maize and grasses.
  • Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus

    Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus

    Techne ® qPCR test Maize dwarf mosaic virus 150 tests For general laboratory and research use only Quantification of Maize dwarf mosaic virus genomes 1 Advanced kit handbook HB10.01.08 Introduction to Maize dwarf mosaic virus Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus of the Potyvirus genus. The linear RNA genome is 9515 nucleotides in length and is surrounded by a non-enveloped capsid which has helical symmetry and is between 680 and 900 nm in length. This virus is a plant pathogen which mainly infects maize, sorghum and Johnson grass. MDMV is usually transmitted by aphids in both adult and nymph forms and is transmitted to this vector during feeding from infected host plants. There is no latent period and the vector can transmit the virus to new host plants immediately. The virus enters the host cell and replicates its RNA in the cytoplasm, causing damage which affects the plants growth and viability. Infection with this virus produces varying symptoms depending on the host growth stage at the time of infection, with early infection causing more severe effects than late infection. Infection is evident as chlorotic mosaics, mottles or streaks on the green tissues of infected plants and is subsequently characterised by stunted growth as well as arrested ear development which causes yield loss. There is no cure for this disease and once plants are infected they must be removed from the crop. The use of resistant crop species is the primary management method against this disease. Quantification of Maize dwarf mosaic virus genomes 2 Advanced kit handbook HB10.01.08 Specificity The Techne® qPCR Kit for Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) genomes is designed for the in vitro quantification of MDMV genomes.