Revision of the Palaearctic Carposinidae with Descrip- Tion of a New Genus and New Species (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)
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REVISION OF THE PALAEARCTIC CARPOSINIDAE WITH DESCRIP- TION OF A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALOIDEA) by A. DIAKONOFF Diakonoff, A.; Revision of the Palaearctic Carposinidae with description of a new genus and new species (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea). Zool. Verh. 251, 21-vii-1989: 1-155, figs. 1-50. — ISSN 0024-1652. Key words: Carposinidae; revision; Palaearctic; new genus; new species. Carposinidae, a familiy of ditrysian Lepidoptera, is a natural, easily recognizable group. Nonetheless, its study has been strongly neglected for a long time, as far as the Palaearctic fauna is concerned. The present paper is a revision, with the use of original types, as far as they are available. A corrected generic classification is presented, based chiefly on the genital characters, instead of those of the wing venation as used by the older authors. Eight genera, 44 species, three subspecies, and one forma are recorded for the Palaearctic Region and most of them are re- described, while the genitalia of the two sexes are described and figured, many for the first time. One genus, 18 species, and two subspecies are described as new. Besides, three extralimital species are recorded and their genitalia described and figured; 11 species are transferred to other genera. A. Diakonoff, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. CONTENTS Acknowledgements 4 Introductory part 5 Distribution 5 Historical remarks 6 Discussion of classification used 7 Systematic part 9 The family Carposinidae 9 Male genitalia 11 Female genitalia 14 Bionomics 15 Early stages 16 Key to the genera of Palaearctic Carposinidae (males) 17 Classification of Palaearctic Carposinidae 18 The extralimital genus Bondia Newman 19 Commatarcha Meyrick 21 Alexotypa gen. nov 35 Peragrarchis Diakonoff 42 Metacosmesis Diakonoff 46 Carposina Herrich-Schäffer 51 Archostola Diakonoff 80 Meridarchis Zeller 87 Heterogymna Meyrick 102 References 110 Alphabetical index to genera and species names 114 Alphabetical index to host plant names 115 4 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 251 (1989) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is greatly obliged to the following persons and institutions for their kind interest and suggestions and for the sending of material on loan: To Dr. J. Klimesch, Linz am Donau, Austria, who was the first to send most interesting material for identification and so in fact induced the present study. Furthermore to: Dr. H.G. Amsel, Landessammlungen fur Naturkunde, Ka• rlsruhe, Germany (LNK); Dr. Yutaka Arita, Zoological Laboratory, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (ZLMU); Drs. J.F. Gates Clarke and D.R. Davis, National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA (USNM); Dr. W. Died, Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates, Miinchen, Ger• many (MBSM); Dr. J. Dugdale, Dept. of Sci. & Industrial Research, Ent. Division, Auckland, New Zealand; Prof. Dr. H.J. Hannemann, Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt-Universitat, Berlin, Germany (MHUB); Prof. Dr. Y. Hirashima, Entomological Laboratory, Kyushu University, Japan (ELKU); Prof. Dr. H. Inoue, Iruma City, Saitama Pref., Fukuoka, Japan; Mr. Th. Kaltenbach, at the time, Landessammlungen fur Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, Germany (LNK); Dr. F. Kasy, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria (NHMW); Mr. A. Kawabe, Shonan-machi, Chiba Prefecture, Japan; Prof. T. Kumata, Entomological Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Univer• sity, Sapporo, Japan (EIHU); Dr. V.I. Kuznetsov, Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk, Leningrad, USSR (ZIAN); Mr. G.C. Luquet, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHP); Prof. Dr. A. Popescu- Gorj, Museul di Istorie Naturala "Grigore Antipa", (MGAB) Bucharest, Romania; Prof. Dr. R.-U. Roesler, Landessammlungen fur Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, Germany (LNK); Dr. K. Sattler, British Museum (Natural Histo• ry), London, England (BMNH); Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, England (BMNH); Mr. K.R. Tuck, British Museum (Nat• ural History) London, England (BMNH); Dr. P. Viette, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHP); Dr. Kdji Yano, Yamaguchi University, Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi, Japan; Mr. H. Hone t, Museum Alexander Konig, Bonn, (W. Germany (MAKB). Prof. Dr. A. Popescu-Gorj made an especially important contribution, lending types of E. Meyrick apparently never restudied earlier by anybody. Furthermore we gratefully acknowledge the grant of the Uyttenboogaart- Eliasen Stichting, Amsterdam, covering the costs of illustrations. Our thanks are also due to our daughter, Drs. I. Diakonoff, for the printing of many photographs, and other help, to Mr. E. Van Esch of this Museum, for other photographic work, to Mr. A.CM. Van Dijk, The Hague, for making most text drawings and to Mr. J. Mennema, Rijksherbarium, Leiden, for kindly providing certain host plant names. DIAKONOFF: PALAEARCTIC CARPOSINIDAE 5 INTRODUCTORY PART The present family of ditrysian Lepidoptera forms a seemingly natural group, so distinct that its species can be recognized almost at a glance. And yet, especially in the Palaearctic Region, their study has been rather neglected, and the group remained little known. This paper is a revision of the Palaearctic fauna of the family, with a critical reassessement of the genera and that of the species, based on re-investigation of the extant type-specimens (several of them apparently not touched since their description). In our region the Carposinidae are not numerous: since the discovery of the first genus and species, Carposina berberidella Herrich-Schaffer, in 1853, less than thirty species have been added to the family within our region. More can be expected though with further collecting, and perhaps with closer search in the existing museum material. Distribution One of the peculiar features of the family is its distribution: the species occur over the whole world, but scantily and irregularly. They are not numerous anywhere, the last estimate of the discribed species of the world fauna being around 200 (Davis, 1969) and not many added since. Most Carposinidae occur in the Indo-Malayan and Austrialian regions, about three-quarters of the known species, almost all of them endemics of those regions. But also there the species are distributed quite irregularly: there is a rather numerous and variegated fauna in Australia (31 species), a considerable one in New Zealand (more than 15 species), and richer ones in the Hawaiian Islands (37 species), and New Guinea (44 species), while other parts of the region are much less densely populated. The Pacific Region has a sprinkling of Carposinidae, except the Marquesas Islands where they appear to be absent (Clarke, 1986). Even less species of Carposinidae have been described so far from the New World. More promising seems the Afrotropical fauna where the present number of known species doubtlessly will increase. The Palaearctic Region with the best known fauna of the world, has been explored for Carposinidae rather inadequatly, it seems. Its noteworthy and peculiar feature in our Region is the apparent preference of the family for Atlantic islands: while for a long time only two species were recorded from the whole of western Central Europe, not less than five species, all endemics, are becoming known from Macaronesia (Madeira and Canary Islands together). 6 ZOOLOGISCHE VERHANDELINGEN 251 (1989) It seems that the world harbours a widely spread, but strongly reduced in number, fauna of the Carposinidae, a fauna of relicts of an extinct ancient population, now in a state of decline (Meyrick, 1922). Therefore it might be more correct to regard the isolated accumulations of species not as "zoocen- ters" (Diakonoff, 1954) or "centers of speciation" (Davis, 1969), but rather as centers of survival. Historical remarks It proved difficult to assign the Carposinidae to a proper place in the Lepidopterous system. The first genus described, Carposina Herrich- Schaffer, 1853, was placed in the Tineidae, but later referred to the Gelechiidae, until Meyrick transferred it to the "Tortricina" (1882a). Wal- singham sought for a stronger distinction and first treated the group as a subfamily of the Tortricidae: "Carposinae subfam. nov." (1897) but finally erected a separate family Carposinidae (1907); he was followed by Kennel (1908-1916, though reluctantly!), by Eckstein (1933) and by Meyrick himself (1910). So the idea of some connection with the Tortricidae lingered. In 1928, however, Meyrick erected a new "tribe" Copromorphoidea, containing three families Orneodidae, Carposinidae and Copromorphidae and belonging to his supergroup "Tineina". So for the first time a connection of the Orneodidae (at present Alucitidae) and Carposinidae was expressed, but the group placed within the Tineoidea, as Meyrick failed to discover the pyraloid relationship of the two last families. Philpott (1928) and Diakonoff (1954) re-emphasized the isolated position of the Carposinidae, far from the Tortricidae, referring to the characters of the male genitalia; the latter author in his turn pointed out relationship with the Copromorphidae; however, he proposed, but for the Carposinidae alone, the status of a superfamily, Carposinoidea (1961). Davis (1969) followed him in his extensive revision of the American Carposinidae, the first survey of the family in the New World. In the meantime Swatschek (1958) arrived at the same conclusion, resulting from his elaborate study of the external larval anatomy of two common Palaearctic species, Carposina scirrhosella and berberidella,