THE STATE of Asian PACIFIC AMERICA a Pusuc Poucv REPORT
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THE STATE OF AsiAN PACIFIC AMERICA A Pusuc Poucv REPORT THE STATE OF AsiAN PACIFIC AMERICA A PUBLIC POLICY REPORT Poucv IssuEs TO THE YEAR 2020 Published by lEAP ASIAN PACIFIC AMERICAN PUBLIC POLICY INSTITUTE AND UCLA ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES CENTER 1993 leadership Education for Asian Pacifies (LEAP}, 327 East Second Street, Suite 226, Los Angeles, CA 90012-4210 UCLA Asian American Studies Center, 3230 Campbell Hall, PO Box 951546, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1546 Copyright© 1993 by LEAP Asian Pacific American Public Policy Institute and UCLA Asian American Studies Center, 3rd Printing, October 1998 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 92-061953 ISBN: 0-934052-22-0 Cover design: Mary Kao The Growth of the Asian Pacific American Population: Twenty Million in 2020 11 Paul Ong AssociATE PROFESSOR UCLA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING Suzanne). Hee UCLA AsiAN AMERICAN STUDIES CENTER Exclusion or Contribution? Education K-12 Policy 25 Peter N. Kiang AsSISTANT PROFESSOR GRADUATE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND AMERICAN STUDIES PROGRAM, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSms/BOSTON Vivian Wai-Fun Lee DIRECTOR NATIONAL CENTER FOR IMMIGRANT STUDENTS OF THE NATIONAL COALITION OF ADVOCATES FOR STUDENTS BOSTON1 MASSACHUSETIS Trends in Admissions for Asian Americans in Colleges and Universities: Higher Education Policy 49 L. Ling-chi Wang CHAIR ETHNIC STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY vi Preface The State of Asian Pacific America xiii Don T. Nakanishi DIRECTOR UCLA ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES CENTER j. D. Hokoyama PRESIDENT AND ExECUTIVE DIRECTOR LEADERSHIP EDUCATION FOR ASIAN PACIFICS (LEAP) Acknowledgements XV Policy Recommendations XVII Asian Pacific American Public Policy Institute An Overview of Asian Pacific American Futures: Shifting Paradigms 1 Shirley Hune ACTING AssOCIATE DEAN UCLA GRADUATE PROGRAMS, GRADUATE DIVISION VISITING PROFESSOR UCLA URBAN PUANNING PROGRAM v Health Care Needs and Service Delivery for Asian and Pacific Islander Americans: Health Policy 61 Tessie Guillermo EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AsiAN AMERICAN HEALTH FORUM SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA The Changing Asian American Population: Mental Health Policy 79 Stanley Sue PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY AND DIRECTOR NATIONAL RESEARCH (ENTER ON ASIAN AMERICAN MENTAL HEALTH UNIVERSITY oF CALIFORNIA, Los ANGELES Asian American Arts in the Year 2020: Arts Policy 95 Gerald D. Yoshitomi ExECUTIVE DIRECTOR jAPANESE AMERICAN CuLTURAL AND CoMMUNITY CENTER Los ANGELEs, CALIFORNIA vii Is There a Future for Our Past? Cultural Preservation Policy 113 Franklin S. Odo DIRECTOR ETHNIC STUDIES PROGRAM UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI\ MANOA Making and Remaking Asian Pacific America: Immigration Policy 127 Bill Ong Hing ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF LAW STANFORD LAW SCHOOL Work Issues Facing Asian Pacific Americans: labor Policy 141 Paul Ong AssociATE PROFESSOR UCLA GRADUATE ScHoOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING Suzanne J. Hee UCLA ASIAN AMERICAN STUDIES CENTER viii Legal and Civil Rights Issues in 2020: Civil Rights Policy 153 William R. Tamayo MANAGING ATIORNEY AsiAN LAW CAUCUS SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA The Case of the Southeast Asian Refugees: Policy for a Community "At-Risk" 167 Ngoan Le DEPUTY ADMINISTRATOR DIVISION OF PLANNING AND COMMUNITY SERVICES ILLINOIS STATE DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC AID Empowering Our Communities: Political Policy 189 Stewart Kwoh PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AsiAN PACIFIC AMERICAN LEGAL CENTER Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Mindy Hui AsiAN PACIFIC AMERICAN LEGAL CENTER Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA ix Out of the Melting Pot and Into the Fire: Race Relations Policy 199 Michael Omi ASSIST ANT PROFESSOR AsiAN AMERICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Asian Pacific Islanders and the "Glass Ceiling" New Era of Civil Rights Activism? Affirmative Action Policy 215 Henry Der EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR (HJNESE FOR AFFIRMATIVE ACTION SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Language Rights Issues to the Year 2020 and Beyond: language Rights Policy 233 Kathryn K. lmahara DIRECTOR lANGUAGE RIGHTS PROJECT ASIAN pACIFIC AMERICAN LEGAL CENTER Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA X Meditations on the Year 2020: Policy for Women 253 Elaine H. Kim PROFESSOR AsiAN AMERICAN SruoiES UNIVERSI1Y OF (ALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Will the Real Asian Pacific American Please Stand Up? Media Policy 263 Diane Yen-Mei Wong WRITER & EDITOR FOR/viER EXECUTIVE DIREITOR AsiAN AMERICAN jouRNALISTS AssociATION SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA South Asians in the United States with a Focus on Asian Indians: Policy on New Communities 283 Sucheta Mazumdar ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY STATE UNIVERSITY oF NEw YoRK, ALBANY xi Appendix Specific Policy Recommendations 303 Chapter Authors Asian Pacific American Policy Experts 313 A Note to Our Readers Each chapter provides an independent analysis of the major public policy implications for the demographic projections of the Asian Pacific American population to the year 2020 that are presented by Paul Ong and Suzanne j. Hee. To maximize this book's policy and curricular impact, each chapter is written to stand on its own, and to highlight the specialized knowledge and policy perspective that each writer brings to this project. As a result, each chapter can be read or used somewhat independently of all the others. However, by organizing this report in this fashion, we recognize that a few redundancies (e.g., the presentation of demographic data) as well as inconsistencies (e.g., the preference of each writer in using the terms "Asian Pacific American/' "Asian and Pacific Islanders," etc.) will be apparent to anyone who reads this book in its entirety. We nonetheless hope our goal of allowing each expert to offer the fullest and most compelling presentation possible will be appreciated. xii Preface The State of Asian Pacific America With this publication, our two institutions-Leadership Education for Asian Pacifies (LEAP) and the UCLA Asian American Studies Center-are proud to formally inaugurate the nation's first Asian Pacific American public policy research institute. We are hopeful that this report, like many others which we plan to release in years to come, will serve to inform public discussions and shape public policy deliberations on major issues and concerns of the nation's rapidly growing and diverse Asian Pacific American population. We believe this policy report is particularly timely because of the extraordinary political and social changes that are occurring at all levels of our society and government. The year 1993 marks not only the inauguration of President Bill Clinton and a shift from a Republican to a Democratic administration, but also a dramatic increase in the representation of women and peoples of color from the United States Senate to local city halls. The heightened presence of Asian Pacific Americans in government and politics across the nation-from their substantial increases of new registered voters to the large numbers of leaders who have sought and have won elections has been equally impressive and significant. The year 1993 also represents a historical crossroads for our country's domestic and international policy agendas. Every major policy issue from education to employment will likely undergo vigorous reexamination and perhaps major revamping, be it in response to how the nation should compete effectively with the rest of the world or how it should address the underlying causes of its urban unrest. This policy report on Asian Pacific America is intended to have both an immediate and future impact and significance. We have assembled a stellar group of policy experts and leaders from across the nation who have rigorously and creatively offered insights, perspectives, and recommendations on how we should understand and respond to the extraordinary growth and diversification that the Asian Pacific American population is projected to undergo from now to the year 2020. In sharing xiii their specialized expertise in major policy areas like immigration and higher education, they have provided decision-makers, advocacy organizations, researchers, and the general public with practical and analytical guidance on how to address the most compelling policy challenges of Asian Pacific Americans during the decade of the 1990s and the early 21st century. As the first of many reports and activities which will be undertaken by the LEAP Public Policy Institute and the UCLA Asian American Studies Center, this publication is reflective of the special strengths and goals of the two institutions that have come together to establish this joint policy research center. Founded in 1982, LEAF is a nonprofit, community organization which has sought to develop, strengthen, and expand the leadership roles played by Asian Pacific Americans through innovative professional seminars, public workshops, and other programs. The UCLA Asian American Studies Center, established in 1969, is one of four ethnic studies centers at UCLA, and one of the nation's oldest programs in Asian American Studies. Through its research, teaching, publishing, and public educational activities in fields ranging from literature to urban planning, the faculty, staff, and students of the Center have sought to advance scholarly and policy understanding of Asian Pacific Americans. In closing, we would like to pay special tribute to Professor Paul Ong of the UCLA Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Planning for proposing this special policy project, and for generating the population projections of the demographic future of Asian Pacific Americans which serve as the unifying theme of this