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The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities

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The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities she'd be free for lunch from 12:45pm-2:30pm or anytime between 4pm-6pm. The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities: The Case of the Seine Axis (Le Havre, Rouen, Paris, Caen) – France Olaf Merk, César Ducruet, Patrick Dubarle, Elvira Haezendonck and Michael Dooms Please cite this paper as: Merk, O., et al. (2011), “The Competitiveness of Global Port-Cities: the Case of the Seine Axis (Le Havre, Rouen, Paris, Caen) - France”, OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 2011/07, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg58xppgc0n-en OECD Regional Development Working Papers, 2011/07 JEL classification: R41, R11, R12, R15, L91, D57 OECD REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT WORKING PAPERS This series is designed to make available to a wider readership selected studies on regional development issues prepared for use within the OECD. Authorship is usually collective, but principal authors are named. The papers are generally available only in their original language, English or French, with a summary in the other if available. The opinions expressed in these papers are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or the governments of its member countries. Comment on the series is welcome, and should be sent to [email protected] or the Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate, 2, rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- OECD Regional Development Working Papers are published on www.oecd.org/gov/regional/workingpapers --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this material should be made to: OECD Publishing, [email protected] or by fax +33 1 45 24 99 30. © OECD 2011 Photo credits (photos cover page: from left to right): © GPMR – R. Hondier, © AUCAME, © GPMH 2 ABSTRACT This working paper offers an evaluation of the performance of the ports of the Seine Axis (Le Havre, Rouen, Caen and Paris), as well as an analysis of the impact of the ports on their territory and an assessment of policies and governance in this field. It examines declining port performance in the last decade and identifies the principal factors that have contributed to it. In addition, the report studies the potential for synergies between the different ports, and surveys impending developments that are likely to influence port performance. The effect of the ports on economic, social and environmental questions is studied and quantified where possible. The value added of the port cluster of Le Havre/Rouen is calculated and its interlinkages with other economic sectors and other regions in France delineated. The paper outlines the impact of the ports‟ operations, and shows how their activities spill over into other regions. The major policies governing the ports are assessed, along with policies governing transport and economic development, innovation, the environment and spatial planning. These include measures instituted by the port authorities, as well as by local, regional and national governments. Governance mechanisms at these different levels are described and analysed. A port reform package, implemented in 2011, has changed the roles of the principal actors within the ports, and initiatives at the regional level have been intensified. Based on the report‟s findings, recommendations are proposed with a view to improving port performance and increasing the positive effects of the ports on their territory. JEL classification: R41, R11, R12, R15, L91, D57 Keywords: ports, regional development, regional growth, urban growth, inter-regional trade, transportation, input/output 3 FOREWORD This working paper is one in a series of OECD Working Papers on Regional Development published by the OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate. It is the first case study of the OECD Port Cities Programme. This paper was written by Olaf Merk, César Ducruet (CNRS – Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne), Patrick Dubarle, Elvira Haezendonck (Vrije Universiteit Brussels) and Michael Dooms (Vrije Universiteit Brussels). It was directed by Olaf Merk, under the responsibility of Lamia Kamal-Chaoui (Head of the Urban Development Unit) and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (Head of the Regional Development Policy Division). It draws on the work of a number of other contributors, including Mathieu Bordes, Walter Manshanden and Martijn Dröes (TNO Inro Netherlands), Wouter Jacobs (Utrecht University) and Xiao Wang. The publication was edited by Vicky Elliott. Valuable comments on a draft of the report were provided by Elisabeth Gouvernal (IFFSTAR) and Michèle Collin (CNRS). The paper can be downloaded on the OECD website: www.oecd.org/regional/portcities. Further enquiries about this work in this area should be addressed to: Olaf Merk ([email protected]) of the OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 9 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 11 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 13 1. PERFORMANCE...................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1. Lagging performance .......................................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Explanations for lagging performance ................................................................................................. 18 Maritime accessibility ............................................................................................................................ 19 Hinterlands ............................................................................................................................................. 23 Competition ............................................................................................................................................ 24 Efficiency ............................................................................................................................................... 25 Environmental sustainability .................................................................................................................. 26 1.3 Synergies between the ports in the Seine Axis .................................................................................... 28 Ports in the Seine Axis have different roles ........................................................................................... 28 Ports in the Seine Axis have different specialisations ............................................................................ 28 Forelands and hinterlands of ports in the Seine Axis ............................................................................. 30 1.4 Possible trends influencing port performance ...................................................................................... 31 2. IMPACT .................................................................................................................................................... 35 2.1 Economic impact ................................................................................................................................. 35 Economic impact of the spatial configuration of the Seine Axis ........................................................... 38 The case of advanced maritime services ................................................................................................ 45 Port clusters and innovation: the case of patents .................................................................................... 49 2.2 Social impact ........................................................................................................................................ 52 2.3 Environmental impact .......................................................................................................................... 54 External costs of freight traffic ............................................................................................................... 54 Effects on house prices ........................................................................................................................... 54 3. POLICIES ................................................................................................................................................. 56 3.1. Economic development ....................................................................................................................... 56 Business strategy .................................................................................................................................... 56 Diversification strategy (short sea shipping) .......................................................................................... 57 Attraction strategy and urban economic development ........................................................................... 57 Regional embeddedness of the ports of Le Havre and Rouen ................................................................ 58 Promoting the Seine Axis ......................................................................................................................
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