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Moüjmtaiim Operations
L f\f¿ áfó b^i,. ‘<& t¿ ytn) ¿L0d àw 1 /1 ^ / / /This publication contains copyright material. *FM 90-6 FieW Manual HEADQUARTERS No We DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington, DC, 30 June 1980 MOÜJMTAIIM OPERATIONS PREFACE he purpose of this rUanual is to describe how US Army forces fight in mountain regions. Conditions will be encountered in mountains that have a significant effect on. military operations. Mountain operations require, among other things^ special equipment, special training and acclimatization, and a high decree of self-discipline if operations are to succeed. Mountains of military significance are generally characterized by rugged compartmented terrain witn\steep slopes and few natural or manmade lines of communication. Weather in these mountains is seasonal and reaches across the entireSspectrum from extreme cold, with ice and snow in most regions during me winter, to extreme heat in some regions during the summer. AlthoughNthese extremes of weather are important planning considerations, the variability of weather over a short period of time—and from locality to locahty within the confines of a small area—also significantly influences tactical operations. Historically, the focal point of mountain operations has been the battle to control the heights. Changes in weaponry and equipment have not altered this fact. In all but the most extreme conditions of terrain and weather, infantry, with its light equipment and mobility, remains the basic maneuver force in the mountains. With proper equipment and training, it is ideally suited for fighting the close-in battfe commonly associated with mountain warfare. Mechanized infantry can\also enter the mountain battle, but it must be prepared to dismount and conduct operations on foot. -
Upper Tour Du Mont Blanc on the Glaciers
UPPER TOUR DU MONT BLANC ON THE GLACIERS 4-day glacier trek An original way of doing the Tour du Mont Blanc, away from the classic trail. A beautiful way to discover glacier walking. Ideal for those who want to go hiking in the high mountains, but also a great preparation to try to climb the summit of Mont Blanc ... Association de tourisme CiE DES GUIDES ST GERVAIS ORGANISATION affiliée à l’APRIAM immatriculation ATOUT France IM073.10.0023 Garant financier : GROUPAMA police 4000713451/0 – R.C.P : MMA IARD contrat n°103.056.234 Code APE 8230Z – Siret : 440.287.076.000.10. – TVA intracommunautaire : FR18440287076 OUTLINE The previous day Appointment at 6.30 pm at the guides' office. Day 1 Departure from Cugnon in Contamines Montjoie. Go up to the Tré la Tête refuge where we will take lunch. We will continue the ascent to the Conscrits Refuge at 2600m. Introduction to crampon walking on the Tré la Tête glacier. Walking time: 6 to 7 hours. Elevation gain: +1500m Day 2 We will descend on the glacier of Tré la Tête that we will cross to go up that of Tondu. Climb to the summit of the Sugar Loaf of Tondu 3169m. We will descend to the Col du Tondu then to Robert Blanc refuge 2750m. Walking time 5h. Difference in height: + 800m / - 600m Day 3 From the refuge, after a short descent, we will go back up to gain to the Glacier des glaciers. We will go up towards to the Aiguille des Glaciers. We will cross it to join the Col Supérieur de la Seigne at 3000m. -
4000 M Peaks of the Alps Normal and Classic Routes
rock&ice 3 4000 m Peaks of the Alps Normal and classic routes idea Montagna editoria e alpinismo Rock&Ice l 4000m Peaks of the Alps l Contents CONTENTS FIVE • • 51a Normal Route to Punta Giordani 257 WEISSHORN AND MATTERHORN ALPS 175 • 52a Normal Route to the Vincent Pyramid 259 • Preface 5 12 Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey 101 35 Dent d’Hérens 180 • 52b Punta Giordani-Vincent Pyramid 261 • Introduction 6 • 12 North Face Right 102 • 35a Normal Route 181 Traverse • Geogrpahic location 14 13 Gran Pilier d’Angle 108 • 35b Tiefmatten Ridge (West Ridge) 183 53 Schwarzhorn/Corno Nero 265 • Technical notes 16 • 13 South Face and Peuterey Ridge 109 36 Matterhorn 185 54 Ludwigshöhe 265 14 Mont Blanc de Courmayeur 114 • 36a Hörnli Ridge (Hörnligrat) 186 55 Parrotspitze 265 ONE • MASSIF DES ÉCRINS 23 • 14 Eccles Couloir and Peuterey Ridge 115 • 36b Lion Ridge 192 • 53-55 Traverse of the Three Peaks 266 1 Barre des Écrins 26 15-19 Aiguilles du Diable 117 37 Dent Blanche 198 56 Signalkuppe 269 • 1a Normal Route 27 15 L’Isolée 117 • 37 Normal Route via the Wandflue Ridge 199 57 Zumsteinspitze 269 • 1b Coolidge Couloir 30 16 Pointe Carmen 117 38 Bishorn 202 • 56-57 Normal Route to the Signalkuppe 270 2 Dôme de Neige des Écrins 32 17 Pointe Médiane 117 • 38 Normal Route 203 and the Zumsteinspitze • 2 Normal Route 32 18 Pointe Chaubert 117 39 Weisshorn 206 58 Dufourspitze 274 19 Corne du Diable 117 • 39 Normal Route 207 59 Nordend 274 TWO • GRAN PARADISO MASSIF 35 • 15-19 Aiguilles du Diable Traverse 118 40 Ober Gabelhorn 212 • 58a Normal Route to the Dufourspitze -
Mists on Mont Blanc. by A
MlSTS ON MONT BLANC • • MISTS ON MONT BLANC. BY A. D. M. COX -,HE English July of I955, a month of cloudless skies and baro meter set fair, had made it difficult to believe the unfavourable reports about conditions in the Alps. Wilfrid Noyce and I, going on ead of the others, left London airport on July 29 in hot sunshine, to land at Geneva in a downpour which confined passengers to the plane until an issue· of red umbrellas enabled them to make exit two by two, as if from the ark. The speed with which the umbrellas were produced suggested that the routine was familiar. At Les Contamines, where we arrived the same evening, it was evident that there had been plenty of such weather, and storms never seemed very far away during the next two and a half weeks. But if it was a highly unsettled season, it was at least not an impossible one. like I954· Climbing of some kind was nearly always practicable, but it was never certain from day to day of what kind it would be. Changes were rapid and unforeseen. Thick cloud and depressing rain at night would suddenly give place to clear starlight. A glorious morning would turl) to snow before midday. It was an unpredictable year to have picked for a season in the neighbour hood of Mont Blanc. Noyce and I spent our first day on Mont Tondu and the western Aiguille des Lanchettes, returning in the evening to Les Contamines. There we were joined by John Hunt, who had. -
British Alpine Ski Traverse 1972 Peter Cliff 13
British Alpine Ski Traverse 1972 Peter Cliff In 1956 the Italian guide Waiter Bonatti traversed the Alps with three others on skis from the JuIian Alps to the French Riviera. This was followed in 1965 by Denis Bertholet and an international party of guides who started near Innsbruck and finished at Grenoble. In 1970 Robert Kittl with three other Austrians completed a very fast crossing in 40 days. The challenge for us was twofold: we were to be the first British party, and whereas the others had been predominantly professional guides we were all amateurs. The route we took was from Kaprun, s of Salzburg, to Gap, which is between Nice and Grenoble. The straight line distance was 400 miles (by comparison the straight line distance for the normal Haute Route between Argentiere and Zermatt is 40 miles), and we ascended at least 120,000 ft excluding uphill transport. It took 49 days including halts. The party was: Alan BIackshaw (leader), Michael de Pret Roose (deputy leader and route Klosters to Zermatt), Fl-Lt Dan Drew RAF (food), Peter Judson (equipment), Dr Hamish Nicol (medical), Lt-Col John Peacock REME (route Chamonix to Gap), Dick Sykes (finance) and myself (route Zermatt to Chamonix). On the first section to the Brenner pass we had with us Waiter Mann, who had been very much involved with the planning ofthe whole Austrian section. Support in the field was provided by Brig Gerry Finch and Major David Gore in a Range Rover. The other people who were closely involved were the members of the BBC TV team who filmed a good part of . -
Harvard Mountaineering 3
HARVARD MOUNTAINEERING 1931·1932 THE HARVARD MOUNTAINEERING CLUB CAMBRIDGE, MASS. ~I I ' HARVARD MOUNTAINEERING 1931-1932 THE HARVARD MOUNTAINEERING CLUB CAMBRIDGE, MASS . THE ASCENT OF MOUNT FAIRWEATHER by ALLEN CARPE We were returning from the expedition to Mount Logan in 1925. Homeward bound, our ship throbbed lazily across the Gulf of Alaska toward Cape Spencer. Between reefs of low fog we saw the frozen monolith of St. Elias, rising as it were sheer out of the water, its foothills and the plain of the Malaspina Glacier hidden behind the visible sphere of the sea. Clouds shrouded the heights of the Fairweather Range as we entered Icy Strait and touched at Port Althorp for a cargo of salmon; but I felt then the challenge of this peak which was now perhaps the outstanding un climbed mOUlitain in America, lower but steeper than St. Elias, and standing closer to tidewater than any other summit of comparable height in the world. Dr. William Sargent Ladd proved a kindred spirit, and in the early summer of 1926 We two, with Andrew Taylor, made an attempt on the mountain. Favored by exceptional weather, we reached a height of 9,000 feet but turned back Photo by Bradford Washburn when a great cleft intervened between the but tresses we had climbed and the northwest ridge Mount Fairweather from the Coast Range at 2000 feet of the peak. Our base was Lituya Bay, a beau (Arrows mark 5000 and 9000-foot camps) tiful harbor twenty miles below Cape Fair- s camp at the base of the south face of Mount Fair weather; we were able to land near the foot of the r weather, at 5,000 feet. -
Picturing France
Picturing France Classroom Guide VISUAL ARTS PHOTOGRAPHY ORIENTATION ART APPRECIATION STUDIO Traveling around France SOCIAL STUDIES Seeing Time and Pl ace Introduction to Color CULTURE / HISTORY PARIS GEOGRAPHY PaintingStyles GOVERNMENT / CIVICS Paris by Night Private Inve stigation LITERATURELANGUAGE / CRITICISM ARTS Casual and Formal Composition Modernizing Paris SPEAKING / WRITING Department Stores FRENCH LANGUAGE Haute Couture FONTAINEBLEAU Focus and Mo vement Painters, Politics, an d Parks MUSIC / DANCENATURAL / DRAMA SCIENCE I y Fontainebleau MATH Into the Forest ATreebyAnyOther Nam e Photograph or Painting, M. Pa scal? ÎLE-DE-FRANCE A Fore st Outing Think L ike a Salon Juror Form Your Own Ava nt-Garde The Flo ating Studio AUVERGNE/ On the River FRANCHE-COMTÉ Stream of Con sciousness Cheese! Mountains of Fra nce Volcanoes in France? NORMANDY “I Cannot Pain tan Angel” Writing en Plein Air Culture Clash Do-It-Yourself Pointillist Painting BRITTANY Comparing Two Studie s Wish You W ere Here Synthétisme Creating a Moo d Celtic Culture PROVENCE Dressing the Part Regional Still Life Color and Emo tion Expressive Marks Color Collectio n Japanese Prin ts Legend o f the Château Noir The Mistral REVIEW Winds Worldwide Poster Puzzle Travelby Clue Picturing France Classroom Guide NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART, WASHINGTON page ii This Classroom Guide is a component of the Picturing France teaching packet. © 2008 Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Art, Washington Prepared by the Division of Education, with contributions by Robyn Asleson, Elsa Bénard, Carla Brenner, Sarah Diallo, Rachel Goldberg, Leo Kasun, Amy Lewis, Donna Mann, Marjorie McMahon, Lisa Meyerowitz, Barbara Moore, Rachel Richards, Jennifer Riddell, and Paige Simpson. -
Traversée Des Pointes Lachenal 150 032 Triangle Du Tacul
031 Pointe Lachenal - Traversée des Pointes Lachenal 150 032 Triangle du Tacul - Contamine-Négri 152 PREFACE 5 033 Triangle du Tacul - Contamine-Grisolle 154 INTRODUCTION 6 034 Triangle du Tacul - Contamine-Mazeaud 156 GÉOGRAPHIE 10 035 Triangle du Tacul - Goulotte Chéré 158 NOTES TECHNIQUES 12 036 Mont Blanc du Tacul - Voie Normale 160 CONTACTS UTILES 18 037 Mont Maudit - Arête Est et Voie Normale en Boucle 162 uN ORNY-TRIENT 19 038 Mont Blanc - Voie des Trois Monts 164 001 Gendarme d’Orny - Voie Papa Paye 24 SEPT ST. GERVAIS-LES CONTAMINES 169 002 Aiguille de la Cabane - Voie du Bon Accueil 28 039 Mont Blanc - Voie Normale par l’Aiguille du Goûter et l’Arête des Bosses 176 003 Aiguille d’Orny - La Moquette 32 040 Aiguille de Bionnassay - Traversée des Arêtes Sud - Nord Est 179 004 Aiguilles Dorées - Couloir Copt 36 041 Dômes de Miage - Arête Mettrier au Dôme Oriental 183 005 Aiguille Sans Nom - Arête S et Demie Traversée des Aiguilles vers l’E 41 042 Dômes de Miage - Traversée des Dômes de Miage d’Est en Ouest 186 006 Tête Blanche - Face N 46 043 Aiguille Nord de Trélatête - Voie Normale de la Face NNO 189 DEuX BASSIN DU TOUR 49 HuiT VAL VENY-SEIGNE 191 007 Aiguille du Tour - Voie Normale à la Pointe S 54 044 Aiguille des Glaciers - Voie Normale de l’Arête Ouest 198 008 Aiguille du Tour - Coulouir de la Table 58 045 Dôme de Neige des Glaciers - Arête des Lanchettes 201 009 Aiguille du Chardonnet - Arête Forbes 60 046 Petit Mont Blanc - Voie Normale 204 010 Aiguille du Chardonnet - Éperon Migot 65 047 -
512J the Alpine Journal 2019 Inside.Indd 422 27/09/2019 10:58 I N D E X 2 0 1 9 423
Index 2019 A Alouette II 221 Aari Dont col 268 Alpi Biellesi 167 Abram 28 Alpine Journal 199, 201, 202, 205, 235, 332, 333 Absi 61 Alps 138, 139, 141, 150, 154, 156, 163, 165, 179 Aconcagua 304, 307 Altamirano, Martín 305 Adams, Ansel 178 Ama Dablam 280, 282 Adam Smith, Janet 348 American Alpine Journal 298 Adda valley 170 American Civil War 173 Adhikari, Rabindra 286 Amery, Leo 192 Aemmer, Rudolph 242 Amin, Idi 371 Ahlqvist, Carina 279 Amirov, Rustem 278 Aichyn 65 Ancohuma 242 Aichyn North 65, 66 Anderson, Rab 257 Aiguille Croux 248 Andes 172 Aiguille d’Argentière 101 Androsace 222 Aiguille de Bionnassay 88, 96, 99, 102, 104, 106, Angeles, Eugenio 310 109, 150, 248 Angeles, Macario 310 Aiguille de l’M 148 Angel in the Stone (The) Aiguille des Ciseaux 183 review 350 Aiguille des Glaciers 224 Angsi glacier 60 Aiguille des Grands Charmoz 242 Anker, Conrad 280, 329 Aiguille du Blaitière 183 Annapurna 82, 279, 282, 284 Aiguille du Goûter 213 An Teallach 255 Aiguille du Midi 142, 146, 211, 242 Antoinette, Marie 197 Aiguille du Moine 146, 147 Anzasca valley 167 Aiguille Noire de Peuterey 211 Api 45 Aiguilles Blaitière-Fou 183 Ardang 62, 65 Aiguilles de la Tré la Tête 88 Argentère 104 Aiguilles de l’M 183 Argentière glacier 101, 141, 220 Aiguilles Grands Charmoz-Grépon 183 Argentière hut 104 Aiguilles Grises 242 Arjuna 272 Aiguille Verte 104 Arnold, Dani 250 Ailfroide 334 Arpette valley 104 Albenza 168 Arunachal Pradesh 45 Albert, Kurt 294 Ashcroft, Robin 410 Alborz 119 Askari Aviation 290 Alexander, Hugh 394 Asper, Claudi 222 Allan, Sandy 260, -
Le Tour Du Mont Blanc M3G6 Randonnée – Niveau 4
FICHE TECHNIQUE Alpes 2015 Le tour du Mont Blanc M3G6 Randonnée – Niveau 4 Nous avons le plaisir de vous accueillir sur l’un de nos circuits. Vous trouverez dans cette fiche technique des renseignements complémentaires vous permettant d’organiser au mieux votre voyage. RANDONNÉE & TREKKING Des voyages qui mettent la marche à l'honneur ! Marcher n'est ici pas une fin en soi, mais bien un moyen de déplacement, au plus près des espaces et des gens que nous rencontrons. Nous les avons classés par "niveaux", allant de la "découverte" à l'expédition. Le tour du Mont-Blanc est l’un des premiers tours de massif alpin à avoir vu le jour. Cette randonnée exceptionnelle s’inscrit parmi les plus belles du monde, un incontournable pour la majesté et la diversité des paysages rencontrés, à la découverte de trois pays : la France, l’Italie et la Suisse. Faire le “TMB”, c’est rendre hommage au Mont-Blanc et aux sommets de légende environnants, mais aussi profiter d’une riche palette de paysages et de cultures. Nous vous proposons de réaliser cet itinéraire à la manière “de nos anciens”, sac léger en compagnie d’un animal de bât connu pour sa robustesse et son agilité, la mule. 19/11/2014 TUI France – 32, rue Jacques Ibert – 92300 Levallois-Perret - Société par actions simplifiée au capital de 202 900 000 € - RCS Nanterre - 331 089 474 1 POINTS FORTS • Une boucle mythique aux étapes incontournables, dans un cadre extraordinaire. • Nos guides, spécialistes de la région, possédant une parfaite connaissance du terrain, des gens et du patrimoine. -
Mer De Glace” (Mont Blanc Area, France) AD 1500–2050: an Interdisciplinary Approach Using New Historical Data and Neural Network Simulations
Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie Herausgegeben von MICHAEL KUHN BAND 40 (2005/2006) ISSN 0044-2836 UNIVERSITÄTSVERLAG WAGNER · INNSBRUCK 1907 wurde von Eduard Brückner in Wien der erste Band der Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde, für Eiszeitforschung und Geschichte des Klimas fertig gestellt. Mit dem 16. Band über- nahm 1928 Raimund von Klebelsberg in Innsbruck die Herausgabe der Zeitschrift, deren 28. Band 1942 erschien. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg gab Klebelsberg die neue Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie im Universitätsverlag Wagner in Innsbruck heraus. Der erste Band erschien 1950. 1970 übernahmen Herfried Hoinkes und Hans Kinzl die Herausgeberschaft, von 1979 bis 2001 Gernot Patzelt und Michael Kuhn. In 1907 this Journal was founded by Eduard Brückner as Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde, für Eiszeitforschung und Geschichte des Klimas. Raimund von Klebelsberg followed as editor in 1928, he started Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie anew with Vol.1 in 1950, followed by Hans Kinzl and Herfried Hoinkes in 1970 and by Gernot Patzelt and Michael Kuhn from 1979 to 2001. Herausgeber Michael Kuhn Editor Schriftleitung Angelika Neuner & Mercedes Blaas Executive editors Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Editorial advisory board Jon Ove Hagen, Oslo Ole Humlum, Longyearbyen Peter Jansson, Stockholm Georg Kaser, Innsbruck Vladimir Kotlyakov, Moskva Heinz Miller, Bremerhaven Koni Steffen, Boulder ISSN 0044-2836 Figure on front page: “Vue prise de la Voute nommée le Chapeau, du Glacier des Bois, et des Aiguilles. du Charmoz.”; signed down in the middle “fait par Jn. Ante. Linck.”; coloured contour etching; 36.2 x 48.7 cm; Bibliothèque publique et universitaire de Genève, 37 M Nr. 1964/181; Photograph by H. J. -
Communauté De Communes De La Vallée De Chamonix Mont-Blanc
MASSIF DU MONT-BLANC Une stratégie d’avenir PLAN INTÉGRÉ TRANSFRONTALIER DE L’ESPACE MONT-BLANC Un outil Des priorités QUI S’IMPOSENT LE CARACTÈRE EXCEPTIONNEL DU MASSIF stratégique Préserver la richesse de sa biodiversité. Mettre en avant l’exemplarité du territoire au regard des enjeux du développement durable et notamment du réchauffement climatique. majeur UNE ÉCONOMIE RESPECTUEUSE DE LA RESSOURCE Développer des activités porteuses de valeur ajoutée pour les acteurs du territoire. Ce plan d’actions est une démarche volontaire Aider les acteurs locaux à engager des projets innovants. favoriser le développement d’un tourisme écoresponsable. de toutes les collectivités locales et territoriales de l’Espace Mont-Blanc dans les trois pays concernés. UNE STRUCTURE JURIDIQUE UNIQUE À l’origine, ce plan pour l’avenir du Mont-Blanc Aller vers la création d’un Groupement européen de coopération territoriale (GECT) pour faire de l’Espace Mont-Blanc une véritable collectivité transfrontalière avec un était un plan de gestion, outil du projet « Camp budget propre et une capacité juridique pour mettre en œuvre les projets. de base » dans le cadre du PIT Espace Mont-Blanc. Au fur et à mesure de son élaboration, sa vocation à devenir un véritable outil de cadrage stratégique s’est affirmée pour définir des règles communes et La concertation, redonner une cohérence aux politiques publiques d’aménagement et de développement. À travers PRINCIPE DE GOUVERNANCE lui, les collectivités engagées veulent faire de Pour le versant français, un comité restreint rassemblant les maires directement l’Espace Mont-Blanc un territoire exemplaire concernés par ce projet a piloté l’élaboration du plan d’actions.