Le Mythe De L'ogre Dans La Prose Francophone Contemporaine

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Le Mythe De L'ogre Dans La Prose Francophone Contemporaine UNIVERSITE DE LIMOGES – UNIVERSITÉ « STEFAN CEL MARE » DE SUCEAVA, ROUMANIE École doctorale n° 525 Lettres, pensées, arts et histoires Faculté de Lettres et des Sciences humaines EA 6311 Équipe de recherche Francophonie Éducation et Diversité Thèse N° [-----] Thèse pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE LIMOGES Discipline / Spécialité : Littératures Francophones présentée et soutenue par Florina-Liliana MIHALOVICI le 12 septembre 2013 LE MYTHE DE L’OGRE DANS LA PROSE FRANCOPHONE CONTEMPORAINE Thèse dirigée par Madame le Professeur Elena-Brânduṣa STEICIUC Monsieur le Professeur Michel BENIAMINO-VIGON JURY : Président du jury : Mme Rodica NAGY, Professeur Université « Stefan cel Mare » de Suceava Rapporteurs Mme Marina MURESANU Professeur, Université « Al. I. Cuza » Iasi, Roumanie Mme Simona MODREANU Professeur, Université « Al. I. Cuza » Iasi, Roumanie Examinateurs Mme Muguraṣ CONSTANTINESCU Professeur, Université « Stefan cel Mare » Suceava M. Claude FILTEAU Professeur, Université de Limoges, France Cette thèse de doctorat a bénéficié de support financier par le biais du projet « Le Doctorat: une carrière attractive dans la recherche », numéro de contrat POSDRU/107/1.5/S/77946, cofinancé par le Fond Social Européen, par le Programme Opérationnel Sectoriel le Développement des Ressources Humaines 2007-2013. Investir dans les hommes! 2 Remerciements Je tiens à exprimer ma profonde gratitude à mes deux directeurs de recherche, grandes sources d’inspiration et modèles d’excellence, Mme le Professeur Elena-Brânduṣa Steiciuc de l’Université « Stefan cel Mare » de Suceava, Roumanie et M. le Professeur Michel Beniamino-Vigon de l’Université de Limoges, France, qui ont rendu possible cette cotutelle. Je les remercie pour l’aide constante, leurs conseils et leur disponibilité. Leur humanité et leur patience ont toujours provoqué la relance de ma motivation et constitué mon ressourcement. Je tiens également à remercier les responsables du projet POSDRU/CPP107/DMI1.5/S/77946, qui m’ont offert le privilège de bénéficier d’une bourse pendant les années de recherche. Mes pensées se dirigent vers le jury de suivi de doctorat de l’Université de Suceava, formé par Mme le Professeur Muguras Constantinescu, Mme Olga Gancevici et M. le Professeur Mircea A. Diaconu. Je suis reconnaissante pour leur constante attention à mon travail, leurs conseils constructifs et leur critique honnête. Ma reconnaissance va également vers Mme le Professeur Anne-Rosine Delbart de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, qui a eu l’amabilité de rendre possible mon stage de mobilité transnationale, sous sa direction, au sein de la Faculté de Lettres et de Philosophie. Je remercie le jury de thèse formé par Mmes les Professeurs Marina Muresanu, Simona Modreanu de l’Université « Alexandru Ioan Cuza » de Iasi, Roumanie et par M. le professeur Claude Filteau de l’Université de Limoges, pour la patience avec laquelle ils ont lu mon travail et l’attention qu’ils lui ont accordée. Je suis reconnaissante à mes collègues de l’école doctorale FRED de l’Université de Limoges et à mes collègues et amis de Suceava pour le soutien moral qu’ils m’ont prodigué pendant la rédaction de cette thèse. Je remercie mon mari, mes parents, ainsi que tous mes amis, pour avoir supporté mes absences ogresques et mes déplacements incessants. 3 À mon époux 4 Le mythe de l’ogre dans la prose francophone contemporaine Table des matières Remerciements ........................................................................................................ 3 Table de matières ..................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 8 CHAPITRE I. DE L’OGRE SUR LES TERRITOIRES FRANCOPHONES ............................................................................................................................. 22 I.1. Racines et origines de l’ogre .......................................................................................... 22 I.1.1. Les racines mythologiques de l’ogre ....................................................................... 23 I.1.1.1. Cronos .............................................................................................................. 24 I.1.1.2. L’Orcus latin .................................................................................................... 28 I.1.2. Les Hongrois ............................................................................................................ 30 I.1.3. La famille linguistique de l’ogre ............................................................................. 34 I.2. Espèces d’ogres sur les territoires francophones ............................................................ 39 I.2.1. Émergence, flexibilité et irradiation des espèces d’ogres ........................................ 40 I.2.1.1. L’Émergence des ogres .................................................................................... 40 I.2.1.2. Flexibilité ......................................................................................................... 42 I.2.1.3. Irradiation ogresque des géants ........................................................................ 45 I.3. Les doubles de l’ogre ..................................................................................................... 50 I.3.1. Le loup, une histoire de dévoration ogresque .......................................................... 52 I.3.2. La sorcière, la parent proche à l’ogre ...................................................................... 56 I.4. Conclusions partielles .................................................................................................... 59 CHAPITRE II. DES OGRES ET DES TYRANS POLITIQUES ................ 62 II.1. Quand les tyrans historiques se transforment en ogres ................................................. 62 II.2. La « tyrannie d’une hernie » : La Vie et demie de Sony Labou Tansi .......................... 67 II.2.1. Les Guides de la démesure et de la mort ................................................................ 68 II.2.1.1. L’appareil dévoreur des Guides ...................................................................... 76 II.2.1.2. La Katamalanasie, l’Enfer de l’Ogre .............................................................. 84 II.2.2. Une « vie et demie », crue ou cuite ? ..................................................................... 92 II.3. Le « Terrible Forgeron de l’Histoire » ou l’Ogre façonneur dans les nouvelles de Rachid Mimouni ................................................................................................................... 97 5 II.3.1. La Ceinture de l’Ogresse : une dévoration multiple .............................................. 99 II.3.1.1. Significations du titre .................................................................................... 100 II.3.2. Quand le pays prend les habitudes d’un ogre ....................................................... 106 II.3.2.1 Le Président ou l’ogre - tabou. Le terrible « Forgeron de l’Histoire » .......... 107 II.3.2.2. Les instruments du Parti unique ................................................................... 111 II.4. Quand les ogres sont nazis .......................................................................................... 120 II.4.1. Jean Calmet, dans les fourberies de l’ogre politique ............................................ 121 II.4.2. Être « fasciste à la retraite » ................................................................................. 127 II.5. Conclusion partielle .................................................................................................... 135 CHAPITRE III. DES PÈRES ET DES OGRES .......................................... 137 III.1. Des pères patriarcaux et des ogres ............................................................................. 137 III.2. Quand le père dévore sa progéniture ......................................................................... 141 III.2.1. Paul Calmet, le nouveau Cronos dévoreur .......................................................... 142 III.2.2. Jean Calmet face aux autres ogres sociaux ......................................................... 149 III.2.2.1. Jean, un bouc-émissaire ............................................................................... 156 III.2.2.2. Quand l’ogre est mari et docteur ................................................................. 162 III.3. Le Dévoreur, un nouveau Cronos .............................................................................. 165 III.4. Le Dokter-dieu ou le nouvel ogre socio-familial ....................................................... 182 III.4.1. La société patriarcale hindoue vue par Ananda Devi ......................................... 182 III.4.2. Violence et transgression ogresques au sein de la société et de la famille ......... 186 III.4.2.1. Le Dokter-dieu, un tyran de la vie et de la mort ......................................... 187 III.4.2.2. Le Dokter-dieu, l’ogre des femmes ............................................................. 194 III.4.2.3. Quand l’ogre réclame nourriture ................................................................. 206 III.5. Conclusion partielle ................................................................................................... 215 CHAPITRE IV. DE L’OGRE SEXUEL ......................................................
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