A Journal of Free Voices 250 A Window to the South Jan. 18, 1974 The Saturday night special "It's all over for the Indians just like it is for the gunfighter," lamented that grand drunken gunslinger Kid Shelleen. " `Cept they didn't give us no reservation or teach us how to weave rugs. Yeah, it's all over in Dodge. Tombstone too. Cheyenne, Deadwood, all gone. All dead and gone. Pow! Why, the last time I come through Tombstone the biggest excitement there was about the roller-skatin' rink they'd laid out over the O.K. • Corral." being thoughtless enough to run out of gas By Robert Sherrill on the way home? Or the jivey New York youth who shot the discotheque manager who wouldn't sell him a ticket? Or the If many Americans seem to share Kid's Maryland host who decided to restore nostalgia, they can be forgiven. Nostalgia is NiumENC--" gaiety to his party. by shooting the guest reserved for landmark events that occurred recently enough that the current who refused to stop arguing with his own generation can identify with them, and if wife? Or the Ohio engineer who got tired Americans feel — as their periodic of hearing the bomb-loaded B-52s flying celebrations of the event would indicate — over his home near Wright-Patterson Air that they were present at the birth of the Force Base and used one of his three gun, they aren't far wrong. Perhaps the high-powered rifles to puncture the planes most remarkable thing about guns is that, that came near? Or the two motorists in Maryland who ended their little traffic although their basic principle of operation dispute with a pistol and a shotgun, one has been known and utilized for at least shot in the leg, the other in the chest; or five hundred years, the gun as a symbol of the New York woman who killed one and wounded two in a gunfight over a parking space; or the Virginia woman who, The Observer is proud to present the claiming she was run off the road by beginning of Robert Sherrill's new book another motorist, climbed out of her car THE SATURDAY NIGHT SPECIAL and with a .38 pistol in hand and dispatched Other Guns with Which Americans Won (Continued on Page 3) the West, 4'rotected Bootleg Franchises, * It may be that some cosmic thumb was held Slew Wildlife, Robbed Countless Banks, on the scale to keep gun-design progress down, in balance with medical progress, which was slow Shot Husbands Purposely and by Mistake indeed. Back in the days when European armies & Killed Presidents — Together with the 6 were trying to kill each other with bullets that Debate Over Continuing Same. The I wouldn't travel the length of a football field, publisher is Charterhouse, New York, and serious physicians were using a gunshot balm concocted from two boiled puppies, whose flesh the price is $8.95 or if you're really broke, efficient deadliness is a relatively recent phenomenon.* was then mixed with a pound of boiled it should be available soon at your nearest earthworms, plus white wine, brandy — and library. We do urge you to read it in any prayer. By the seventeenth century medical case. We will even spare you the Annual O SAY that these weapons have knowledge had progressed to the point that when T a patient who had been shot in the head was Gun Control Editorial if you promise to helped establish the American way of life is brought to one of the famous physicians of the read it. Sherrill's most impressive credential actually too modest a judgment: they are a day, he located the fracture by the sound caused is, of course, that he was once an editor of part of America's life, and we respond to through striking the skull with a cane. Gunshot the Observer. He's written for a few piddly and with guns in a very American way. wounds in the eighteenth century were commonly treated indirectly — which, organizations since he left here such as The Could any response be more American considering everything, was probably best — with Nation and The New York Times. Also, he than that of the two New York youths purgative salts, and blue pills. For more of this writes books and managed to get himself who shot and killed a storekeeper because esoterica, see Dr. Theodor Billroth, Historical banned from the White House. He is a fine Studies on the Nature and Treatment of Gunshot they had asked for apple pie and he had Wounds From the Fifteenth Century to the and witty writer, a tough and independent offered them Danish pastry instead? Or the Present Time (New Haven: Nathan Smith Medical thinker and a well-known curmudgeon. husband who shot and killed his wife for Club, 1933). (lace, glass, silver) from permanent collection, forests with fairy queens and the unbeatable supplemented by major loan of English 17th and Botton; through January, Alley Theatre, The 18th century silver; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Houston. MASTERS' DEGREE RECITAL — William JANUARY 10 Cason, baritone; 8 p.m., Music Bldg. Recital Hall, VAN MORRISON — Irish singer-songwriter on University of Texas, Austin. his first Texas tour; through Jan 12, Armadillo coming World Headquarters, Austin. JANUARY 18 JAZZ CONCERT — Austin Symphony JANUARY 12 Orchestra, guest conducted by Leon Thompson, COMET-GAZET — Kohoutek freaks gather for with Modern Jazz Quartet; 8 p.m., Municipal weekend of watching the comet and the cosmos Auditorium, Austin. in "Heavenly Weekend" (ya'll come); through fortnight FIGARO, FIGARO — Fort Worth Opera Jan. 13, Peaceable Kingdom School, Washington on the Brazos. Association presents "The Marriage of Figaro"; also Jan. 20, Convention Center Theatre, Fort Worth. By Suzanne Shelton JANUARY 13

SUNDAY CONCERT - Spend an afternoon JANUARY 19 listening to Sandra Powell, clarinetist, in concert; JANUARY GRAB BAG Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas. MISS BRENDA LEE — Twenty-year recording IMPRESSIONS OF THICKET — Michael veteran (she's only 28), Brenda Lee performs in Frary's paintings from his recent book, POETS perform - Reading and discussion of Masters Festival of Music, with saxophonist "Impressions of the Big Thicket," in special original works by three Dallas poets, Marjorie Boots Randolph and pianist Floyd Cramer exhibition; through Jan. 29, Laguna Gloria Art Rosenfeld, Carolyn Sumner and Donald Dial; 3 providing Nashville Sound; 8:15 p.m., State Fair Museum, Austin. p.m. Founders North Auditorium, University of Music Hall, Dallas. Texas, Dallas. JANUARY 20 MOPPETS & PHOTOS — "Children's Art" HMMMM — So familiar you could hum it, Van OPERA BENEFIT — Members of UT voice exhibit, through Jan. 30; "Photographs of 'The faculty perform in music scholarship benefit, City' by Harry Callahan, exhibit made possible Cliburn playing Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto with Houston Symphony Orchestra, featuring "Great Moments of Opera;" not to be through grant from National Endowment for missed are Jess Walters, Mattawilda Dobbs, Arts, through Feb. 15; University of Texas, conducted by Mario Benzecry; through Jan. 15, Jones Hall, Houston. Martha Deatherage, Arturo Sergi and Orville Dallas. White in nostalgic look back at their careers (Walters and Dobbs, for example, performed CULTURE FOR SOLONS — Special art JANUARY 14 O'NEILL CHESTNUT — "Desire Under the "Rigoletto" together at Covent Garden); 8 p.m., display for Texas Constitutional Convention, Hogg Auditorium, University of Texas, Austin. including Texas landscapes, San Antonio mission Elms," by Eugene O'Neill, with student cast; studies, views of Galveston harbor, the streets of through Jan. 19, Studio Theatre, Southwest Texas State University, San Marcos. PIANIST PERFORMS — David Hiemer in Castroville, snake dances and the inevitable afternoon concert; Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas. bluebonnets — as motley a crew as the CZECH CHAMBER MUSIC — Czech Chamber convention itself; House of Representatives JANUARY 21 chamber, Capitol, Austin. Orchestra performs for Dallas Chamber Music Society Series; Caruth Auditorium, Southern FACULTY CONCERT — Violinist Stephen Methodist University, Dallas. Clapp, accompanied by UT faculty colleague DUTCH LOAN — Drawings from Danielle Martin in works by Beethoven, Bach and Kroller-Muller National Museum of Netherlands, JANUARY 15 Ravel; 8 p.m., Music Building Recital Hall, with works by van Gogh, Chagall, Picasso, DISTINGUISHED ARTISTS— New London University of Texas, Austin. Mondriaan, Giacometti, others, in only display scheduled for Southwest, through March 3, ORGAN RECITAL — Land Thomas performs McNay Art Institute, San Antonio. for American Guild of Organists, Dallas chapter; Caruth Auditorium, Dallas. INDIAN WOMEN'S ART — Weaving, basketry and pottery by Southwest Indian women in JANUARY 22 exhibit arranged by Barbara LaMont, Huntington JULLIARD STRINGS — Musical event of Galleries; also works by three recently-retired UT annual importance, Julliard String Quartet artists, Constance Forsyth (water colors), Russell performs entire cycle of Beethoven quarters in Lee (photographs) and William Lester (paintings); residency which includes lecture/demonstrations; plus display of "Navaho Art: Indian Blankets," through Jan. 30, Hogg Auditorium and Music items from UT's Texas Memorial Museum Building Recital Hall, University of Texas, collection; through Feb. 10, Art Museum, Austin. University of Texas, Austin. LA TRAVIATA — Violetta and Alfredo slug it BROWN PAVILION OPENING — Museum of out again in Verdi's popular opera (remember the Fine Arts inaugurates its new Mies van der Soloists Ensemble appear in Distinguished Artists movie "Camille?" — Same old song) performed Rohe-designed Brown Pavilion with exhibition of Series; 8:15 p.m., Roxy Grove, Hall, Baylor by Houston Grand Opera with superstar Beverly "The Great Decade of American Abstraction: University, Waco. Sills; also Jan. 25-27, Jones Hall, Houston. Modernist. Art 1960 to 1970" also in Brown Pavilion, Ashanti Gold Weights from collection of WITCHES ON TRIAL — Arthur Miller's "The PERCUSSION ON TAP — Baylor Percussion Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Romansky (earlier at UT Crucible," set in olde Salem, with Dallas Theater Ensemble, directed by Dr. Larry Vanlandingham; Austin), tiny gold currency used by peoples of Center cast; through Feb. 23, Kalita Humphreys 8:15 p.m., Roxy Grove Hall, Baylor University, Central Ghana; plus "Color: An Educational Theatre, Dallas. Waco. Exhibition," with 15 paintings especially for children, through April 22, Masterson Junior JANUARY 17 JANUARY 23 Gallery; and collection of over 40 Impressionist ONE-MAN SHOW — Bill Cosby does what he SOPRANO SOLOES — Rising star in American and Post-Impressionist paintings, with works by does, in person; through Jan. 19, Houston Music opera, Karan Armstrong, in recital; 8 p.m., Laurie Matisse, Seurat, Degas, others, gathered by John Theatre, Houston. Auditorium, Trinity University, San Antonio. and Audrey Jones Beck, through October, Jones Galleries; finally, exhibition of decorative arts MIDWINTER NIGHT'S DREAM? — STUDENT RECITAL — Baritone John Aielli; Shakespeare's enchanted comedy, written when 4:30 p.m., Music Bldg. Recital Hall, University of Page 2 The Texas Observer he was 30, should transport you to nlidsuminer Texas, Austin. (Continued on Page 24) Special.. . (Continued from Page 1) the driver who had irritated her — one year after her husband had been arrested for shooting another motorist in a highway dispute? Shootouts between drivers are becoming so commonplace that someday we will be able to look upon them nonchalantly as a kind of annual twenty-one-thousand-gun salute to the auto industry. And what more beautiful youths in a corridor of a Richmond high that was made at Jamestown can be American family scene than this, coming to school." In one month San Francisco high unmade, in time, in New York City. us via the Charleston Gazette: A schools expelled four students, three of But none of these changes will happen — twenty-three-year-old West Virginia man them girls, for carrying guns. Armed none can happen — because of one painstakingly shows his two-year-old son patrols for school hallways is a growth insurmountable hurdle: the money in guns how to hold the .22-caliber pistol and how industry. In some of the livelier school and ammunition and all the concomitant to pull the trigger — "Now, son, pull!" — jurisdictions, teachers and principals services and auxiliary equipment. and "deputies reported Mrs. V— as saying consider a handgun to be as much a part of (for man is enslaved by a dread dizziz she heard the crack of the pistol and their equipment as nineteenth-century and the sooner it's over the sooner to turned around to find her husband had teachers considered the hickory stick. biz don't ask me what it's pliz)* been shot." Well, yes, dead in fact. The Given the prevailing atmosphere, The firearms economy is almost little rascal. What speaks more eloquently nobody in Washington seemed to think it impossible to escape. Even the most of rootless America than the Californian very queer that Secretary of Labor Peter conscientious reformers occasionally trip who expressed his irritation toward his Brennan got deputized as a U.S. marshal so over one of its insidious roet.s. In the same Glendale landlady by shooting her with a that the pearl-handled revolver that had issue of The New York Times Magazine six-foot-long German antitank weapon? been his constant companion for years that carried an article deploring the Seeing a parked motorist discard a when he was living in New York could be existence of the inexpensive handgun crumpled cigaret package on his front legally carried into any state, or that it was called the Saturday Night Special there lawn, a Washington, D.C., suburbanite odd for him to hire five armed guards was, oops, a two-page Sabena airlines picked up the rifle he always kept handy at (costing the taxpayer $60,000) to protect advertisement detailing "Seven reasons to the front door and shot him dead. What his office. After all, a bureaucrat can't be start your trip in beautiful Belgium," other nation's environmental movement too careful. Reasons Number 2 being ". . . firearms. All could inspire such zeal? Only an American President would — as beautiful bargains" — which is to say, Where but in this marvelous showplace Richard Nixon on the day he announced transatlantic Saturday Night Specials. of capitalism would a political assassin plan his opposition to new controls on the sale It's a very big business, big enough to to say with wry gladiatorial intimacy, as of handguns — call for federal legislation to Arthur Bremer tells us he planned to prevent the rest of us from coming to provide $50,000 to the family of any terms with each other. Gun owners spend remark to George Wallace after filling him policeman slain in the line of duty (about an estimated $2 billion a year, at the with .38 slugs, "A penny for your six hundred having been slain, by minimum, on this business — quite enough thoughts"? Where but in this sprawling handguns, during the past decade). money to keep Congress and all state land, filled with wonderful, recalcitrant We have flattered ourselves in pretending legislatures apprised of the desires of the misfits who fled other countries seeking that the gun-control debate in this country gun and ammunition manufacturers, retail the wide-open spaces of anarchy, would is based on philosophical differences. We gun dealers, sports-clothes manufacturers, you find twenty thousand state and local like to think that we hang on to our guns gun-magazine publishers, antique-gun gun-control laws that are mostly ignored and buy more, and then more, because of dealers, hunting-resort owners, and with impunity? Where but in America, our "frontier heritage" or because, as one "conservation" groups who get a kickback with its reverence for education, would a Texas historian wrote for a government from ammunition sales. At bottom, it isn't college youth who shotgunned to death a publication, "a boy still becomes a man, tradition but trade that controls this issue. newsboy, without cause, be punished only usually on his birthday or at Christmas, be being required to write a theme on "The when his father gives him a gun (and) in his Reverence of Life" and to serve a summer gun ownership he is following a tradition jail term that would end in time to allow that goes back to John Smith and THERE'S a bright side to it. The him to start the fall semester? Indeed, we Jamestown and has persisted ever since." trade does have a lilt. Madison Avenue hold education so dear that we are ready to Or we like to talk about how, by God, responds with all its heart: a military fight for it from a very early age; at least nobody's going to come into our homes surplus submachine gun offered for sale as that is one interpretation that can be put and rape our wives. Such convictions do "The Perfect Father's Day Gift"; an on the recent shakedown of Baltimore have a profound influence on the debate, imported Persian Mauser Carbine peddled students that yielded one hundred of course, but they are not the biggest with a wink and the guarantee, "The Shah twenty-five handguns, and the casual and obstacle to establishing reasonable gun himself test-fired each gun"; a Beretta incomplete shakedown in Los Angeles controls. The individual emotions wrapped automatic pistol recommended to schools that yielded forty guns in one up in gun-ownership could be dissipated. suburbanites of Peoria and Pasadena as month alone. (Yes, the L.A. kids are not Plinking at tin cans can get extremely "the choice of soldiers of fortune afraid to use them, as was proved at the boring. Waiting for the burglar who never everywhere." In the good old pre-1968 homecoming parade at Jefferson High arrives will ultimately make any man feel Gun Control Act days, when only money School that left five students, including the foolish. Owning a gun just because Daddy stood between the citizen and his own homecoming princess, wounded.) owned one is not the most persuasive "RICHMOND, VA. (AP) — A 17-year-old argument in an increasingly sophisticated * From E. E. Cummings, "XII," in One by boy was killed and a 14-year old girl society. Arming for bear in a city that One (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1944). wounded early today when caught in the supports only rats and mice would strike crossfire of a gun battle between two most people as nonsensical. The tradition January 18, 1974 3 private war, perhaps the acme of into his wife was giving her more attention and either a shotgun or a repeating rifle advertising was reached by the Service than she was accustomed to receiving. cradled in the crook of his arm. Not to Armament Co., of Ridgefield, New Jersey: And, to mention the most important of mention the Bowie knife in his belt. "U.S. 60 MM Morter (sic) complete with the many other uses of the firearm in bipod and base plate etc. An ideal item for America, the gun of course provides the your den or front lawn. Can be easily prime requisite for our most profitable packed into trunk of any automobile. This industry: crime. To be sure, white-collar WELL, LET'S not worry about is the perfect tool for 'getting even' with crime does not depend on it, but in a town constables and country sheriffs who those neighbors you don't like. Perfect for democracy it is fitting that a trade be open could uphold the law no better with a demolishing houses or for back yard to the lowest as well as to the highest, and Gatling gun than they could with a plinking on Sunday afternoon." without the gun the underprivileged would crossbow. What is worrisome is that there Since we already have many millions of be cut out of much crime that now profits does sometimes get to be an imbalance in guns on hand, it isn't always easy to figure it. As an inmate of the Joilet penitentiary, the distribution of guns in America. out what to do with the 5 million new guns a former stickup artist, explained with Some contend that peaceful citizens are that come off the proud U.S. assembly impressive simplicity to a visiting reporter, at the mercy of gun abusers because there lines eacy year for civilian consumption, "With a gun in your hand, it's a little bit are so many guns available and because it is but somehow we do make a place for more easier to control the situation, no so easy to obtain a weapon if one is not them. We find them very useful, tucked matter grocery store, bank, or what it is. I immediately available. Where there is a into the night-table drawer for security mean, you can't go in with a broomstick will, there is a weapon. Just how many (though it is said by such spoilsports as the and secure any authority for an armed guns are floating around the country is National Commission on the Causes and robbery." anybody's guess; "experts" have -appeared Prevention of Violence that householders Unfortunately, there are always some before Congressional committees in recent succeed in shooting home robbers less than people who become too greedy or year to estimate everything up to 200 2 percent of the time and home burglars somehow excessive in their gun-ownership; million guns, or about one per person for less than .2 percent of the time)* or tucked this is a fault that can be found across the the entire population. The National into the be14- (the famous sawed-off "belly sanguine spectrum, from policemen to Commission on the Causes and Prevention gun," which accurate for no more than gangsters. Albert Lee Nussbaum, the bank of Violence guessed 90 million in 1969. It's two feet, but, after all, most tavern brawls robber of the early 1960s, was certainly a guessing game that depends very much on are decided on playing fields no broader showing conspicuous consumption when the mood; shortly after John Kennedy's than that). We use them to conclude dreary he was caught with several submachine assassination a writer for The Reporter marriages with much more passion than the guns, seventeen revolvers, an automatic magazine got carried away and estimated marriages ever knew in their most romantic carbine rifle, an antitank gun, two dozen one billion guns in America. moments; the Houston real estate hand grenades, four bulletproof vests, and In any event, there are apparently executive who pumped twenty-four bullets several thousand rounds of ammunition. enough firearms to keep things rather Consider, too, the excesses of those folk lively. About twenty thousand Americans * The best explanation of the difference heroes, Wild Bill Hickok, Jesse James, and are killed with guns (homicide, suicide, between a home robbery and a home burglary John Dillinger. Hickok walked the streets accident) each year. The firearms homicide was given recently by a Los Angeles lawyer who of Abilene as the city's law enforcement rate in the United States is reportedly caught a thief in her home with his pockets full officer with an ostentatious show of thirty-five times higher than the rate in of her jewelry. "So far," she told him, "this is only a burglary. If you point or use that gun, it's armaments: a pair of six-guns on his hips, Germany or in England. In 1970 three a robbery." Thoroughly confused, he fled. strapped down in the gunfighter's style, a people were killed with handguns in Robbery carries a harsher sentence. pair of .41 derringers in his side pockets, Tokyo, while in New York City, which is

EDITOR Kaye Northcott CO-EDITOR Molly Ivins BUSINESS STAFF THE ASSOCIATE EDITOR John Ferguson Joe Espinosa Jr. EDITOR AT LARGE Ronnie Dugger C. R. Olofson TEXAS Contributing Editors: Bill Brammer, Gary Cartwright, Sue Horn Estes, Joe Frantz, Larry Goodwyn, Bill Hamilton, Bill Helmer, Dave Hickey, Franklin Jones, Lynman Jones, Larry The Observer is published by Texas OBSERVER L. King, Georgia Earnest Klipple, Larry Lee, Al Melinger, Observer Publishing Co., biweekly from Robert L. Montgomery, Willie Morris, Bill Porterfield, James Austin, Texas. Entered as second-class matter April 26, 1937, at the Post Office ©The Texas Observer Publishing Co. 1974 Presley, Buck Ramsey, John Rogers, Mary Beth Rogers, at Austin, Texas, under the Act of March Ronnie Dugger, Publisher Roger Shattuck, Edwin Shrake, Dan Strawn, John P. Sullivan, Tom Sutherland. 3, 1879. Second class postage paid at A window to the South Austin, Texas. Single copy, 50c. One year, $8.00; two years, $14.00; three A journal of free voices We will serve no group or party but will hew hard to the truth as we find it and the right as we see it. We are years, $19.00; plus, for Texas addresses, dedicated to the whole truth, to human values above all 5% sales tax. Foreign, except APO/FPO, interests, to the rights of man as the foundation of 50c additional per year. Airmail, bulk Vol. LXVI, No. 1 Jan. 18, 1974 democracy; we will take orders from none but our own orders, and group rates on request. conscience, and never will we overlook or misrepresent the Microfilmed by Microfilming Cor- hicorporating the State Observer and truth to serve the interests of the powerful or cater to the poration of America, 21 Harristown the East Texas Democrat, which in turn incorporated the Austin Forum- ignoble in the human spirit. Road, Glen Rock, N.J. 07452. Advocate. The editor has exclusive control over the editorial policies and contents of the Observer. None of the other Change of Address: Please give old people who are associated with the enterprise shares this and new address, including zip codes, Editorial and Business Offices: The responsibility with her. Writers are responsible for their and allow two weeks. Texas Observer, 600 W. 7th St., Austin, own work, but not for anything they have not themselves Texas 78701. Telephone 477-0746. written, and in publishing them the editor does not Postmaster: Send form 3579 to Texas necessarily imply that she agrees with them, because this is Observer, 600 W. 7th St., Austin, Texas a journal of free voices. 78701. not as large as Tokyo, five hundred persons handguns — be registered, and that no one It has been the most remarkable were shot to death. In a typical year guns be permitted to own a gun without a Congressional debate of modern time. On will be used to commit 120,000 robberies. federal permit, the greatest deliberative no other recent legislative question has so All of this is regrettable, of course, but if body in the world say "No, no" almost as much passion been spent, with so little one puts morality aside for the moment, firmly : 78 to 11. It was, after all, an effect. Drawing its heat and its momentum much can be said for the superiority of election year, and the owners of the 200 from a singular series of assassinations and firearms for certain missions. Two barrels million guns might not appreciate being riots crowding into the years from 1963 to of 00 buckshot in the mouth — which put to the trouble of registering. 1972, the debate over who should be would guarantee the removal of the entire The fever of reform comes only in spurts allowed to buy guns, and how, has taken us back of the head, as well as much of the in this country, and cools swiftly. In 1971 almost nowhere. There are probably 50 ceiling — comprise a much quicker and the National League of Cities, an million. more guns loose in the land today more humane method of suicide than, say, organization representing fifteen thousand than there were on the day President a bottle of rat poison. municipalities, advocated federal laws Kennedy was assassinated in 1963 — an Guns are obviously the most efficient prohibiting interstate sale of all firearms to event which most people thought would method for assassination: no American individuals and mandating a minimum bring about rigorous gun controls almost President has ever been stabbed or clubbed ten-year sentence for the use of a firearm immediately. And although there were a to death. Rifles, of course, are de rigueur in any federal, state, or local crime. But the few restrictions put on the sale of guns by for firing the twenty-one-gun salute at very next year it withdrew this advocacy legislation passed in 1968 — the first Presidential funerals; they might be put to and by a lopsided margin voted down a gun-control law passed by Congress in more appropriate service, perhaps, if the substiture resolution calling for national thirty years — generally speaking, the salute entailed shooting the late Chief legislation to prohibit the manufacture, traffic in guns is no more restrained for Executive's twenty-one worst advisers in a importation, sale, and private possession of either criminals or law-abiding citizens than graveside ceremony — something like handguns — in short, the Hart bill. it has ever been. burying a fallen Indian chief's horse and Apparently the smaller cities, which dog with him. And although many people predominate in this organization, had lost THE MOVEMENT to control guns still prefer the knife, guns are at least sympathy with the gun problems of their and to crick down on the gunrunners has an equally sound way for letting off steam. big brother. whipped those on the "reform" side into When New York City, irritated by the But whether these defeats in municipal such a lather that they often forget to look heat wave, set a new murder record organizations and in the U.S. Congress — on the bright side of homicide. (fifty-seven) for a one-week period, July not the first defeats of this kind and Although America's record of gun abuse 16-22, 1972, it was found that while the certainly not likely to prove the last — is much more excessive than that of any traditionalists used knives for twenty-four were intolerable for the future of other modern nation, there does seem to (and then, of course, there are always those civilization is highly debatable. . be a built-in ceiling to our bloodthirstiness who insist on something exotic: an — a ceiling that, in fact, for many years did eighteen-month-old baby was thrown out not go up nearly as fast as the growth of of a window, and another of the victims ECENTLY one of our more the general population. Given the fact that R we are gun nuts, there is still reason to was set on fire). profound writers, Art Buchwald, suggested Partly because of such spirited outbursts that the balance of terror that has worked boast that we 'are not visibly — using the among the citizenry, some opinion-shapers so well in foreign affairs should be tried at number of dried bloodspots on the have sought sharp restrictions on the home. "Unless everyone in America owns a pavement as our measurement — getting availability of guns. The U.S. Conference handgun there will never be peace in this much nuttier. of Mayors in 1972, following the country" — a goal which was altogether The United States is said to be the recommendations of Mayors Richard J. reasonable, for "no country in the world greatest gun-toting nation in the world. It Daley and Roman S. Gribbs — from two of offers its citizens a greater choice of guns has the reputation of there being more the most bulletmarked cities in America, murders committed in its boundaries than the United States," Buchwald notes: annually than in all the countries of Chicago and Detroit — urged national There are snub-nosed guns that can fit Europe combined, and most of those legislation against the manufacture, in a woman's handbag, semi-automatics crimes are committed with guns. It is said importation, sale, and private possession of that fire eight slugs at a time, .38s that can that there is one murder committed in this handguns. The chiefs of police of several hit someone at 50 feet, .45s that can make country every forty minutes, and over large cities — though certainly not all large holes as large as a fist, and very light.22s nine thousand each year ... Seemingly, cities — have joined the mayors and a that a six-year-old can fire. the pistol is one of the most popular majority of the National Commission on We are blessed because anyone in playthings in America today. America can have the gun of his choice at Reform of Federal Criminal Laws in From the preceding passage we can infer a price he can afford. For those who are demanding a total prohibition on the on relief and unemployed the government that things are getting no worse, if no ownership of handguns. The only could supply surplus weapons from the better. The comment was made not in exceptions to the proposed ban would be armed forces at the same time they give 1973 but in 1929 by the New York State military personnel, policemen, and out food stamps and unemployment Crime Commission.* The annual number sportsmen's clubs. checks. of murders in the United States, though The likelihood of this ban ever being put There is absolutely' no reason why the population has nearly doubled, was into effect does not appear to be strong, to everyone in this country could not be until 1968 still about the same as say the least. When Senator Philip Hart of armed by 1973.* forty-three years ago. Michigan gave the Senate an opportunity Why not arm everyone? It's the only Not that any of our "official" statistics to approve just such a ban on August 8, proposal that was not seriously made are accurate: our leaders came late and 1972, his colleagues rebuffed the proposal during the Great Gun-Control Debate in grudgingly to count the civilian dead and by a majority that would have made the Congress during the last decade, and wounded. The New York State Crime old bones of Hickok rattle in glee: 83 to 7. considering the categorical bilge, historical And when Massachusetts Senator Edward cant, bogus piety, and flimsy sociology '" Baumes Crime Commission, 1929 Annual M. Kennedy proposed a few minutes later that accompanied most other suggestions, Report. Quoted in Report by the New York that the Senate at least pass a law that it would seem to be at least a refreshing State Commission of Investigation Concerning alternative. Pistol Licensing Laws and Procedures in New would enable the government to find out York State, 1967, p. 7. who has the guns, by requiring that all firearms — rifles and shotguns as well as * Washington Post, May 23, 1972. January 18, 1974 5 average were added to our civilian stockpile during each of the first five decades of this century (again, this is just their conservative guess), but that an estimated 30 million came into civilian hands between 1958 and 1968. The 1960s saw a doubling of the sales of rifles and shotguns and a quadrupling of the sales of handguns. Between 1966 and 1971 handgun murders jumped 87 percent. Doubtless there's some connection between the rise in crime and the increase in gun sales, but there is no way to know to what extent the teetering mound of new arms causes crime and to what extent it is simply there as a defensive response. After any serious riot gun sales are said to jump fourfold in that locale.

IN ANY event, even granting that there is a direct relationship between the booming gun market and the booming undertaker business, some of it might be best seen not starkly as crime and violence but as a natural physical and psychological response. Perhaps, like the experimental rats that respond to overcrowded conditions by ad-hoc cannibalism, urban-packed Americans have simply decided it is time to help accelerate the natural thinning-out process. Or perhaps, taking a page from Claude Bernard's medical notebook, we can assume that Commission used "It is said" before the into mayhem. while guns, like germs, are about us in murder count to indicate its awareness that Having indulged in that flurry of mild ample numbers to effect a wipeout at all the statistic was a guess. The official optimism about our sanity, one must add times, their plague-scale deadliness must guessing today is not much better. that between 1966 and 1967 there was a await some disturbance in society's milieu The National Center for Health Statistics startling increase in homicides — an interieur. ran its first nationwide count of firearm increase of more than 20 percent — from Anyway, before laying too much weight homicides, suicides, and accidents in 1933. 6,855 to 8,332 (with suicides rising slightly by the annual number of gun homicides, It found there were 7,863 guns slayings, to 10,550 and accidents rising to 2,896); we should, in this already overpopulated 7,798 gun suicides, and 3,026 accidental and the number of gun slayings in 1968 world, fairly ask outselves if the typical gun deaths. At that time there were about was about 35 percent higher than in 1966 victim of gunfire cannot be spared. 123 million people in this country. Two — up to 9,425 (suicides up to 10,911, and In many of our larger cities, for years later the number in every category accidents down to 2,394). example, there are promising wars going on dropped — to 6,506 slayings, 6,830 With its usual dinosaurian nimbleness, now between the oldtimey underworld, of suicides, and 2,854 accidental deaths — and the National Center has been unable to which "Whitey" was for long kingpin, and except for the number of suicides, which in produce a compilation more recent than the growing and already powerful web of 1956 rose above the 1933 level and has 1968, so we must switch to FBI figures. black underworld bosses. What Nicholas continued to rise ever since, gun deaths They show about 11,500 gun homicides Gage once wrote about Mafia attitudes — remained below the 1933 level until 1967, for 1971, a jump of a bit more than 20 "The only effective means for change is the even though there were about 75 million percent over the Center's 1968 figures. So gun" — applies equally to the transfer of more people living in the United States, it appears that the pile of gun bodies that control along racial lines in our blackened their lives were more hectic and conducive began in 1966 to move higher for the first urban centers. to violence, and many more guns were time in forty years will continue to do so. The fighting is especially hard and bitter available. Indeed, in 1951 and in 1955, The slogan that FDR liked to apply to over domination of the drug market. when the population was roughly 25 economics in the 1930s — that all we had Detroit authorities estimate that probably percent greater than in 1933, there were to fear was fear itself — could also have one out of every six or seven murders there only half as many reported homicides been said at that time about America's gun is connected with the competition of (3,898 in 1951; 3,807 in 1955). The same habits, and it would have applied until the forces in the drug trade, catering to an dropoff was noticed in the war years 1943 mid-1960s. But at that point, the statistics estimated forty thousand addicts in that and 1944, when so many Americans with a tell us, something uglier began to happen. city alone. "War" is no exaggeration at all. yen to kill somebody could do so legally Unfortunately, they don't tell us why. Police recently found seventeen pistols and on other soil and did not feel the need to Assuming there are 200 million guns in twenty-seven rifles and shotguns in one take out their pique on fellow citizens. America today, there must have been "dope dispensary" and they know there There were only 3,444 homicides in 1943 nearly that many — give or take 25 or 30 are hundreds of underworld drug houses and 3,449 in 1944 — which also suggests million — at the time the trend started equally armed all over the city. The price that in times when violence is in the air and sharply up. It seems unlikely that the for an assassination in Detroit is reportedly life is held to be cheaper than normal, the fractional difference in quantity could have $200 — a mere trifle to the dozens of mood does not necessarily translate itself triggered what happened. The National successful drug dealers. Detroit crime, Commission on the Causes and Prevention especially in the sprawling black sections of • 6 The Texas Observer of Violence says 10 million firearms on the the city, is obviously out of control and police have all but given up. In those after stabbing him six times without total .22-caliber rifle? True, they didn't fare so conditions, even a hundred gun deaths success, they ultimately had to get out well — in fact one died on the spot — but from underworld feuding is a very great their revolvers to finish the job. To the fine at least the young gunman was gaining social leap forward. guncraftsmen of New England we must pay status. Much the same situation exists in Gary, homage for many of the other scores: To the white middle class it may seem Indiana. The long-established mobsters Guiseppe (Joe the Boss) Masseria, six shots barbaric to concede that some killers or whose ethnic ties go back to Chicago are in the back; Albert Anastasia, blown out of would-be killers gain inwardly from the being challenged by a coalition of a barber chair by five gunmen's concert of services of a gun, but other voices speak ambitious black street gangs who call bullets; Joe Colombo, superannuated by from darker rooms. "The practice of themselves, with mimicry typical of social three shots in the back of the head; Joe carrying arms," said ex-slave Frederick climbers, "The Family." The old Gallo, his birthday dinner interrupted Douglass in the last century, "would be a underworld gangs were employing blacks permanently by three bullets, two in the good one for the colored people to adopt, to do their drug pushing for them, but The chest, one in the throat — on and on, an as it would give them a sense of their own Family apparently felt that since 54 almost endless list of worthy deaths, manhood." It is a theory that blacks today percent of Gary's population is black, the sometimes so many there was no listing seem to be responding to with increasing drug pushing management should be more them except in mass-grave fashion; sixty enthusiasm. About the harassment that her heavily integrated. Instead of going to dead in the Castellammarese War, forty son, Mark Essex, had suffered at the hands EEOC for help, however, The Family dead in that twenty-four-hour period of white men and his reason for killing nine simply pushed in to take over by force. immortalized as the "Night of the Sicilian and wounding nine in New Orleans, Mrs. The mob struck back. Within a few days Vespers"; a dozen in the Gallo-Profaci War; Essex told newsmen, "You know, you just twenty-two bullet-perforated bodies were a dozen in the Bonanno War; ten in the keep on putting a little snow on top of strewn about the alleys, streets, and Colombo-Gallo War. It was something the snow and pretty soon it's going to break. sidewalks of Gary. Expressing the usual police would not do; we had to depend on Jimmy wanted to be a man." Gunplay city hall sorrow over such litter, Mayor our godfathers to work on themselves,,and must have had something of the same Richard G. Hatcher said that "local police for that purpose they fortunately were not significance to the four young blacks who simply can't do it all by themselves" — that bothered by gun-control laws — of the seized John & Al's Sports, Inc., store in is, control the drug traffic. Quite true; the thirty-five New York State residents Brooklyn in January 1973 and engaged warring hoodlums were doing what his attending the notorious Aplachin crime police in a forty-eight-hour battle, for in police were incapable of doing: controlling convention, twelve held legal New York one of the gunfight's lulls they allegedly one another. Twenty-two murders is a very State pistol permits. told a Muslim minister, "This is the end, good beginning. this is glory, we'll go out in a hail of In mid-1973 the dope war had spread to I T MAY BE difficult to find a bullets." The use of the gun in such San Antonio, where Fred Gomez Carrasco, bright side to all this, but there seem to be circumstances is the saddest use of all, better known as Don Ramon, wiped out flashes in the gloom. For one thing, you because it is the most understandable: half a dozen pushers who had tried to can thank the gat for giving the slum kid a machismo means never, never again having muscle in on his business; earlier, on the chance to achieve status. So say some to say you're sorry. other side of the border he had by his own sociologists. The gat is the great elevator, It is almost impossible for the white count taken care of forty-eight or the great leveler, depending on your middle class to feel the freshness of this competitors, arguing his position with a .38 perspective. Writing in The Annals of the elation. From our remote position we in one hand and a .45 in the other. American Academy of Political and Social know only that the use of the gun on the Narcotics agents were doing all they could Science on "Some Social Functions of street is very often unaesthetic and to stay out of his way and be grateful, for, Violence," Professor Lewis Coser observes: bothersome in the extreme. And such as one of them put it, "You might say he In the area of Violence ... the vaunted irritations have evoked a feeling to which hasn't killed anybody we couldn't do equal opportunity, which had been we are not yet willing to confess: it is the without." experienced as a sham and a lure impulse that points to an Untermensch, It may be foolish to shape our hopes everywhere else, turns out to be effective. judged not by genes but by impact on around the possibility that a well-armed In the wilderness of cities, just as in the white-middle-class society — a logic that is underworld will thin itself out; but wilderness of the frontier, the gun already expressed in our hearts, though not becomes an effective equalizer. Within the defended only by an impotent and on newspaper obituary pages, under the status structure of the gang, through a true At a immoral police, one begins to entertain transvaluation of middle-class values, standing head Good Riddance. desperately silly ideas. On the other hand, success in defense of the "turf" brings Methadone maintenance center in perhaps the hope is not entirely silly. In deference and "rep" which are unavailable Washington recently, one hophead cut into eight major gang wars over the past half anywhere else. Here the successful exercise the waiting line where he didn't belong, century, the• Mafia's strength has been so of violence is a road to achievement. * another patient challenged him, the first diluted that reportedly it is having to Did it give some satisfaction to Anthony pulled a gun and shot his challenger import a new generation from the old Cammareri, age twenty-two, to realize, in between the eyes. Tomorrow society must country to supply fresh fiber for its heart that last flash of thought, that by being assume the guilt that goes with allowing and thicken its blood. When the Mafia first shot with a .22-caliber Saturday Night such conditions to exist, but today perhaps moved into' Chicago by removing the Irish Special and killed at his bachelor party it can be forgiven if it simply is content gang leader Dion O'Banion with two (once in the back, once in the face, once in that the Methadone line is one person bullets in his chest, two through his throat, the leg), he had at least given some "rep" shorter. another in his face, and a sixth in his brain, to his twenty-four-year-old assailant, whose it launched a Chicago gang war that took reason for seeking "rep" was, as he later nearly five hundred lives. What an explained to police,' that Anthony had S EVERAL YEARS ago the abundant harvest of crooks — a gift that all "looked at me wrong"? Was the same Senate Juvenile Deliquency Subcommittee the courts and police of Chicago could not generous sociological response to be found staff put together a "gun murder profile" give the citizenry in a hundred years. in the hearts of those six people who were by using the Washington, D.C., biographies No other weapon could have handled shot by the nineteen-year-old boy in of a hundred and twenty-five defendants. the Mafia wars, not rocks or crossbows or Elizabeth, New Jersey, when he toured the The profile of the killer was this: he had brass knuckles. The assassins of Don city just taking potshots with his been piling up a criminal record for ten Salvatote Maranzano tried to put him away with knives, simply to avoid noise, but * Vol. 364 (March 1966), p. 10. January 18, 1974 7

years prior to his most recent charge of assault. The boy has been dealt a personal family would have come to much? Indeed,: murder (some had already faced the same injustice, but how much has society lost in this could be asked of most gun victims,' charge); 62 percent of the gun murderers losing him? and I suspect many of us do ask the had previously been arrested for crimes of For a final All-American vignette, let us question, though silently, not wanting to violence; on an average he had been turn to the city that provides so many be rebuked for candor. An objective study arrested 2.4 times for serious crimes. As for perfect ones, Gun City, Detroit: Harvey of news stories on shootings for a year the victims and the occasion, 81 percent of and Tyrone have just finished an evening of would likely persuade you that not more the murderers chose their wives or friends revelry at Harvey's home. Tyrone leaves. A than one out of ten gun homicides is a real or relatives to kill, and in 88 percent of the moment later Harvey looks out the tragedy: the loss of a worthwhile innocent.- cases killed them during a lovers' quarrel or window and sees Tyrone down the block, The others are middle-class trash, or a drunken brawl. Furthermore, the under the street lamp, being pushed around lower-class luckless, or — the great majority subcommittee staff found that "in a by four men. Harvey assumes his friend is — that special hard-faced gang whom most nationwide survey of 120 major cities, the being mugged, gets out his ever-ready Americans, black and white, would results tabulated thus far are consistent .30-caliber carbine and begins blasting. By probably like to see consigned to a genuine with the findings in the District of the time he runs out of bullets and pauses ghetto, meaning segregated physically in Columbia." to reload, the four strangers are lying on one section of the city where, with any None of which comes as a surprise at all: the sidewalk, two dead, two seriously luck and enough armament, they could be it has been known for years that most wounded. Meanwhile, Tyrone, desperate to expected to finish one another off — murders are the ultimate expression of an interrupt the deadly fire, whips out a pistol perhaps even to kill with some imagination already long-established chumminess and shoots Harvey in the chest. It turns out and flair, as somebody did the between lowlifes. The only surprising thing the bodies on the sidewalk belong to thirty-seven-year-old drug pusher in the about such revelations is that our Tyrone's cousin and three brothers. They South Bronx who wound up with six bullet opinion-shapers still pretend to care about had just been horsing around with him as holes in his chest, in the shape of a cross. what happens to such people, pretend to they had been doing since they were all Albert Seedman, former Chief of argue earnestly that in losing the friends kids together down South. Is it callous to Detectives of the New York Police and family of such men we are losing say that Detroit, as well as mankind, can Department and as nice a guy as the cops something we cannot muddle along probably survive such family tragedies and are likely to produce, once observed, "The without rather comfortably. It is more that, considering the readiness with which same passions in these poor people are in reasonable to suppose that the man who is they whipped out carbine and pistol, it is everyone. Take away our white-collar jobs, shot while sharing a bottle or the woman just as well they polished each other off our bank accounts, our expense accounts, who is shot while sharing the bed of before they had a chance to turn their guns our stable families, our nice homes, our air somebody who has a ten-year record of on people outside their circle on some conditioners; add in some drugs and booze felonies and has been convicted of at least other occasion? for solace, and we might kill somebody on two violent crimes is a comrade who has a Saturday night too." Certainly. But also likely shared the police blotter with THE MEMBERS of any society meanwhile, we don't, and they do, which, him on numerous occasions. are responsible to one another to some the humanitarian hypothesis aside, seems The experts claim that this profile is extent. "Human beings," as John Stuart to be what counts. beginning to change; they say that stranger Mill put it, "owe to each other help to My favorite military man, Capt. John G. homicides have increased 25 percent in distinguish the better from the worse, and Bourke, in his rigorously honest An some urban areas during the last five years. encouragement to choose the former and Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre, told But the preponderance of killing is still avoid the latter. . . . But neither one of one Judge Charlie Meyers of Tucson: between family members or friends. person, nor any number of persons, is And if the riddance is not always exactly ... a terror to evil-doers and an upright, warranted in saying to another human conscientious administrator of justice, good, it is very often tolerable. creature of ripe years, that he shall not do although he knew scarcely any law. Being News item: A mother is arguing with her with his life for his own benefit what he afraid of assassination, he kept in his nineteen-year-old son about his car. The chooses to do with it." house after dark. One night in response to son starts throwing bricks and stones at his To the extent that society fails to teach a terrible knocking, he roused, raised the mother. The mother gets out her the ignorant to differentiate between good little shutter from a hole he had cut in his .22-caliber German RG-23 revolver and front door, and demanded to know who is conduct and bad, and fails to provide the there. fires several shots at him. He ducks, but his means to live accordingly — and to the fourteen-year-old brother runs in front of "Me, Judge." extent that that withholding of instruction him and catches a fatal slug in the neck. "And who are you, mine frent?" and opportunity leads to violence — That is a family tragedy, but to what "Judge, I want to give myself up. I've just killed a man." extent is it society's tragedy? society has failed, and part of the resulting tragedy is society's to bear. But the tragedy "Vot you keel him for?" News item: A twenty-year-old of the "creature of ripe years" who picks "He called me a liar en I —" Pittsburgh youth buys a twelve-dollar gun, "Vare you keel him?" loads it with .22-caliber bullets. Then he the wrong friends or the wrong spouse and gets shot for his error, that is not a tragedy "Down in George Foster's Quartz Rock tries to take the bullets out of the gun, Gambling Saloon" [a notorious deadfall in finds they are stuck, tries to expel one of society should share. We are all stupid at Tucson] . the cartridges by striking it with a hatchet. times, needless to say — though few of us "Vary goot, mine frent, dot's all right," The bullet hits him in the head. A personal are stupid enough to try to unload a gun said the Judge soothingly. "Dot's all right. tragedy, of course, but is it society's with a hatchet — but that's the individual's Go now unt keel unudder von." Then he tragedy? problem, not society's, just as it is the turned back to bed. individual's problem when he decides to News item: A cop shoots and kills a use a gun to commit suicide. The Dialect stories and frontier humor aren't sixteen-year-old bicycle thief, admittedly fourteen-year-old who was accidentally much in favor these days, which is rather heavy going for such an insignificant shot by his mother did not, of course, probably just as well. But the Judge's crime; but as it turns out the victim is not a choose that mother and, as things turned notion of justice and his balanced modern Huck Finn but an ageless being, out, doubtless would have preferred indifference to the loss of trash surely must neither young nor old, who has already another; he has our sympathy. Fate, if not ring a responsive chord in the hearts of all racked up a record ranging from drugs to society, let him down. But in his case we whose neighborhoods and cities of every can at least comfort ourselves with the era have had their Quartz Rock Gambling 8 The Texas Observer question, Is it likely that any issue of that Saloons and all that goes with them. Sour Milk San Antonio attempt prompted by Mehren's refusal to The dairy scandal (Obs., Dec. 14, 1972) contribute further dairy funds to CREEP. keeps taking its toll. The dairy lawyers filed a motion of Two attorneys from John Connally's discovery last November for White House Houston law firm have asked the court's and Justice Department documents permission to withdraw from the defense pertaining to the filing of the suit and team in the government's anti-trust suit AMPI's campaign contributions. The against American Milk Producers, Inc. motion contends, "The available evidence, Charles T. Newton, Jr., refused to discuss albeit largely circumstantial at this point, the action with the Observer. "I don't strongly suggest the existence of a think it would be possible to comment on conspiracy among officials of the Justice it," he said. Asked if the withdrawal had Department and the fundraisers for anything to do with the fact that President Nixon (particularly Messrs. Connally's name keeps popping up in the Herbert Kalmbach and Lee Nunn) to use scandal, Newton offered another "no the anti-trust laws for an entirely comment." extraneous and illegal purpose, that is, to The senior AMPI attorney with Vinson, extort political contributions from AMPI Elkins, Searls, Connally & Smith is Leroy and/or TAPE." Jeffers, president of the State Bar of Texas. AMPI asserts that the Chicago office of Jeffers was out of town and could not be the Justice Department conducted its reached for comment. investigation of the anti-trust suit between George Mehren, the general manager of April and August of 1971. "Normal the milk coop, mentioned Connally's name investigative channels were not employed. a number of times in a deposition taken in The government was apparently content to San Antonio in December. AMPI, the rely on materials and information supplied largest dairy coop in the nation, is by private plaintiffs in the instant cases. headquartered in San Antonio. According ... No further action was taken until to the Associated Press, Mehren said he Mehren, a Democrat and a former assistant met with Connally in , his treasury secretary of agriculture in the Kennedy and department office March 12, 1972, a Johnson administrations, became general month after the Justice Department filed manager, an event which could reasonably the anti-trust proceeding. Connally signal the possible termination of TAPE reportedly phoned John Mitchell, who, by contributions to CREEP." then, had left the attorney general's office According to the AMPI motion, the to head President Nixon's reelection Justice Department notified the coop on campaign. As Mehren reconstructs the Jan. 27, 1972, that it was prepared to file meeting, Connally picked up the phone contribute in 1972, it was his professional an anti-trust suit unless AMPI signed a and reached Mitchell "quite quickly." judgment that the money come later in the consent decree within the traditional " 'You're going to lose the Midwest. I'm year rather than immediately. 60-day period. The following day the getting it from everybody,' " Mehren Connally has been privately questioned 60-day period was cancelled and AMPI was quoted Connally as saying. " 'You'd better by the Ervin committee about his role in notified it would have only two days to get some people out there to see what's the milk scandal. Washington sources sign the consent decree. AMPI didn't sign wrong. . . . We're going to have some reported in November that Watergate and the suit was filed Feb. 1. On Feb. 3 political trouble out there.' He said it investigators had evidence that between Mehren met in Los Angeles with Kalmbach rather forcefully, I might add." $10,000 and $15,000 in dairy money was and expressed reluctance to give CREEP Mehren said Connally also called Kansas in a bank safe deposit in 1971 and that any more money. Sen. Robert Dole, the chairman of the Connally may have been offered the use of National Republican Committee, and made it. Connally has affirmed that Jacobsen generally the same pitch to him. At no told him sometime in 1971 that $10,000 THE GOVERNMENT filed its time, the coop manager testified, did was available in contributions and that answer to the AMPI motion a few weeks Connally refer to "intervention of the Connally was welcome to designate where ago. The brief points out that Mehren executive department." the funds should go. The former Texas himself has repeatedly denied that there quid pro quo in governor told Washington reporters, "I said was any hint of a I did not want to do that because I was a discussions of campaign contributions with THE 40,000-member coop Deinocrat in a Republican administration." Kalmbach. contributed $202,000 to Nixon in 1971 Connally called allegations that he According to the government timetable, the Justice Department's anti-trust division through TAPE, the Trust For Agricultural received money from the dairy industry "a in Chicago began the investigation early in Political Education. AMPI probably would categorical lie. Anyone that supposes he have given more — $2 million was promised was present when I received a payment is a June of 1971. On Aug. 10 the Chicago staff requested as one point — but the donations received categorical liar." In 1971, when he was adverse publicity. Mehren, a Democrat, secretary of the treasury, Connally did put authority for a grand jury to look into became general manager early in 1971, and in a good word or two for the dairymen on criminal charges against AMPI. Attorney he was reluctant to make further gifts. behalf of a higher milk parity. He attended General Mitchell did not approve the During the March 12 meeting, Mehren said the meeting on March 22, 1971, during request. Connally discussed the contribution which Nixon decided to increase the milk On Nov. 30, the Chicago staff again situation with Jake Jacobsen, a former LBJ support after all (Obs., Dec. 14, 1973). asked for a grand .jury. Mitchell met that aide who was working for AMPI. Connally AMPI is contending that the anti-trust told Jacobsen that if the milk men chose to suit, filed Feb. 1, 1972, was an extortion January 18, 19 74 9 10 The Texas Observer day with Richard W. McLaren, who at that The government maintains that AMPI time was the assistant attorney general of has gained complete control over the the anti-trust division. McLaren, now a products of member farmers and has the federal district judge in Chicago, said in an power to decide what to pay for the The Texas affidavit filed in San Antonio that on or product. The villain is AMPI's "Base Plan," about Nov. 30, 1971, Mitchell "discussed which is binding on members. The with me the request I had made for a grand producer-members buy the right to market jury investigation and after reviewing the through AMPI a specific number of pounds Observer legal and tactical questions involved, of milk at a specific price known as the including the difficulty of obtaining a "base price." AMPI gives the farmer criminal conviction in the face of a defense substantially less money per pound for all that the defendants' activities were exempt milk exceeding the number of allotted base in the from the anti-trust laws, Attorney General pounds. It is not financially feasible for a Mitchell suggested that the anti-trust dairyman to market his milk through AMPI division proceed along civil rather than over a period of years without acquiring criminal lines." McLaren said this was the enough base to cover a substantial Classroom only discussion he had with Mitchell and percentage of his milk. Base thus represents that he had no other direct or indirect a valuable right to market milk through communication with the White House or AMPI at a reasonable price. But, there are GOP fund raisers or anyone else concerning hitches. In order to get enough base to the anti-trust suit. make milk production profitable, many On Dec. 20, the Chicago office members of AMPI must produce and forwarded a request to Washington that a market their excess milk through AMPI for Six $ civil anti-trust suit be filed. a number of years, sustaining a loss on On Jan. 18, 1972, McLaren forwarded their dairy operation, or buy another the proposed complaint to Mitchell for his member's base. At the time the government Issues approval and authorization. suit was filed, base was being bought and On. Jan. 22, Mitchell signed the sold for between $10 and $20 a pound. complaint and requested that AMPI be offered the opportunity to enter into a In the past few years, the transfer of consent decree to be filed simultaneously base has gotten more and more difficult. In For orders of ten or more copies of with the complaint. April of 1967, the board of the South each issue sent to a single address the On Jan. 25, the counsel for AMPI in Texas Producers Association (STPA), one cost for the semester is just $1.00 per Chicago read the complaint. of AMPI's processors, adopted new person, sales tax included. On Jan. 26, AMPI informed the regulations requiring (1) that no base anti-trust division that it did not want to transfer by members leaving the coop Classroom subscriptions will begin engage in prefiling negotiations. would be recognized save those going out of business and (2) that any base transfer On Feb. 1, 1972, the case was filed. with the issue published in early would be cancelled if the seller did not Justice lawyers point out that the suit February and extend through April. continue his membership in STPA beyond Six fortnightly issues in all. That's was filed two days before Mehren met with Kalmbach — "before AMPI had an the anniversary date of his membership about 179 an issue . . . 35V less than following the transfer. This became the opportunity to comply with the illegal policy throughout the AMPI system. the single copy price. demand." If extortion was what the government had in mind, why proceed Then, in 1968, even more stringent To place your order, please indicate with the suit before the victim has a chance restrictions were adopted, restrictions the number of students who will be to pay up? requiring members not to sell milk to subscribing, your needs regarding a "My sole reason for directing that the competitors for five years after leaving free desk copy, and a mailing address AMPI suit be filed was to prevent and AMPI and not to sell land to anyone who we should use. restrain what appeared from our sells milk to AMPI competitors. Violators investigations to be a serious violation ' of lose their base. The Justice Department If the number of subscribers is the anti-trust laws," McLaren said. believes that the restrictions were adopted uncertain, feel free to make a generous The Justice Department maintains that to stop AMPI members from joining a the White House and CREEP papers newly-formed competitive coop. estimate. After the class rolls settle, we requested by AMPI are "not relevant" and will bill you — at $1.00 each — only Since the government suit was filed, a that the only issue "is whether AMPI number of smaller dairy coops have sued for the number of persons who finally violated the anti-trust laws and whether the decide to subscribe. AMPI. One of those coops is Texas public is entitled to an injunctive relief Producers Marketing' Assistance Plan against further violations." (MAP) which is represented by Thomas R. Extra bonus: Orders received by McDade of Fulbright, Crooker and January 22nd will be entered to begin Jaworski. MAP contends that AMPI also with the issue being mailed that week tried to squeeze out competition by ... making a total of seven issues for THE UNITED States is asking that asserting that it was the most politically the semester rather than six. 6,000 farmers belonging to the dairy coop active and politically powerful coop in the refund $100 million gained through nation. Watergate Special Prosecutor Leon allegedly monopolistic practices. According Jaworski cited Fulbright Crooker's to the Justice Department, "various illegal association with MAP when he announced actions of AMPI have resulted in AMPI's in November that he would recuse himself THE TEXAS OBSERVER being the exclusive supplier of milk to a in matters concerning the dairy 600 West 7 Austin Tx 78701 majority of milk producers in many local investigation. The action came as a surprise (512) 477-0746 areas." • These areas include portions of to McDade. "I don't know why he did it," Texas, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, McDade told the Observer. McDade said he Arkansas and Tennessee. felt there was not conflict involved. K.N. Wallace braintruster . It seems that Hall Timanus, the a stalwart reformer. Bales plans to • Houston lawyer who shaped George challenge Congressman Jake Pickle of the Wallace's Texas campaign last year, has Political 10th District on account of (A) Pickle been called upon to head a national keeps waffling on impeachment and (B) Wallace braintrust. The Wallace people plan Intelligence Bales thinks he's a tool of Big Oil. Back in to make a push to dominate the 1974 the bad old days of the 50's, Pickle was national mini-convention as a trial run for chairman of the SDEC when it kept getting the nomination in '76. And refusing to support Democratic presidential Timanus is heading up their strategy group. candidates. Liberals used to raise money What with Robert Strauss heading the locally with the slogan, "Dollars for Democrats, George Bush the Republicans Democrats, but Not a Nickel for Pickle." and now Timanus masterminding the Pickle has been in Congress for a little Wallaceites, the time for secession may be more than 10 years now and as far as we at hand. know, has never done anything. Since Lyndon Johnson left office, Pickle's liberal

The . Observer offers it votes are even more rare than they used to • congratulations to Abe Dunn of be. He keeps a putter (instrument used in Houston, Stanley Marsh of Amarillo, J. J. playing golf) in the shape of a pickle in his Meeker of Fort Worth, J. R. Parten of office and gives away dill pickle lollipops Houston and Madisonville, Bernard and pickle balloons to visitors. Rapoport of Waco, Frank Thielen, Jr., of Baytown, Charles E. Wilson of Baytown and Sissy Farenthold. They were the only Beware the Legion eight Texans listed on the most recently Tyro Senator Attacked! Poor ol' released list of 575 White House • Lloyd Doggett, who got himself "enemies." specially elected just last August, was John Dean III gave the list to Johnnie trying to do something nice for his Walters, then commissioner of the Internal constituents when he introduced a bitty Revenue Service, on Sept. 11, 1972. The resolution praising the citizens who helped instructions were to audit the tax returns stop Project Sanguine (see Obs., April 27, of these individuals to make life tough for 1973): That fetched him a blast from the them. The Joint Congressional Committee past in the form of the Amurkin Legion: on the I.R.S. concluded after a six-month the Legion's Department Adjutant wrote investigation that the I.R.S. did not go Oscar de la Renta. It was of silk satin and the Austin American-Statesman, "The after those on the list, however, an French lace and featured a fitted bodice, good senator might just as well learn right unusually large percentage of those on the high standing collar and long, slim sleeves. now that for every plus — there is also list did have their returns audited. The natural wasitline was sashed in silk minuses ... For his information The Farenthold — still incorrectly listed as satin. An overskirt of French lace covered American Legion. of Texas is solidly in "Frances (Cissy) Farenthold" — was the silk satin A-line skirt with chapel-length favor of 'Project Sanguine' as essential to making her second appearance on an train. Her gossamer silk net veil was chapel our national defense . . . The American enemies list, having been previously length. Dolph wore cowboy boots with his Legion, you can be sure, will alert the some honored on a Chuck Colson list. Of course cutaway. 3,000 members and their families who live it is disappointing to find that only eight of in Senator Doggett's Senatorial District of the 575 are Texans: where is that old the nature of his very first bill as a Senator. "We're Number One" spirit? Nevertheless, Oh, really? Not only this, but all veterans are to be we are proud of our eight. Good going, alerted, for they can appreciate what a Operation Candor of the Week group! • national deterrent to foreign attack can Award goes to Atty. Gen. John Hill, mean." Seven marijuana offenders are home who filed for re-election as A.G. while • Sometimes even your mistakes look for the new year. Gov. Dolph Briscoe denying, with a straight face, that he had • ever so much as remotely entertained the good — on Dec. 20, television station commuted their sentences and State Rep. KPRC in Houston was going a wrap-up Ronnie Earle of Austin, who has been notion of running against Dolph Briscoe. about the special legislative session on the working with the governor on the project, With Hill definitely out of the • 10 o'clock news. The station managed to says as many as 400 Texas pot prisoners gubernatorial picture, there was new get the video of our solons confused with may be released during the next few interest among liberals in getting Sissy the audio from some other segment. As the months. After a resentencing provision Farenthold into the race, mostly likely as written into the new drug law was an independent Democrat. It is widely representatives were shown milling around the House floor, the voice-over said, overturned in the courts, Briscoe promised agreed that Farenthold would have a to commute the sentences of eligible difficult time beating Briscoe in the "These school children all attend the prisoners. Each case must be approved by Democratic primary, which always Village School . .." abounds in conservative Republican voters the State Board of Pardon and Paroles. Jon Ford, the capitol bureau chief anyway, thanks to the lack of a state party • who was being moved back to San Social notes. The wedding of Janey, purity law. But in a three-way race in • Antonio by the new Australian ownership Jr., Briscoe to Whatshisname was a November? With the score the Republicans of the San Antonio Express and News, has swell do. One big pre-wedding question was got against Briscoe last time? joined the capitol staff of the Austin whether or not booze would be served by T'is the season to sit around and • American-Statesman. the Baptist Briscoes. Folks, champagne decide whether or not to run for punch was had by almost all. On the attire something, and one man who's already front, the bride wore a gown designed by gone over the top is State Rep. Larry Bales, January 18, 1974 11

asked, "Would a return to imperialism The State of Oregon has banished • Let's hear it for . . . . restore the world to economic sanity and non-returnable bottles within its Someday soon we are going to stability?" The conclusion was, "One must borders and now Oregon Sens. Mark • present you with a whole collection recognize that imperialism did provide a Hatfield and Robert Packwood have of gems from our favorite Dallas Morning system for world economic stability." introduced a bill to ban non-returnable News Ned Fritz of the Texas Committee of beverage containers throughout the United writer. We will call it "The Wit • and Wisdom of Robert E. Baskin." The Natural Resources puts out a top States. DMN, never short on chutzpah, actually drawer, informative newsletter entitled The legislation would conserve bills Baskin as its "Senior Political "Conservation Progress," which the considerable energy. America produced 60 Analyst." In the meantime, we share with Observer recommends to fellow ecosymps. billion throwaway beer and soft drink you Baskin's thoughts of Jan. 4 concerning Subscriptions for $5 a year may be ordered containers in 1972. According to Dr. Bruce how best to get our • of our current from Fritz, 4144 Cochran Chapel Road, Hannon of the University of Illinois, each economic woes. "Imperialism: Was It So Dallas, Tex. 75209. of the one-way containers consumed the Bad?" inquired the headline. The lede Eight state prisoners from the energy equivalent of 4.3 ounces more of • Ramsey unit near Arlington filed a gasoline than does a returnable container 12 The Texas Observer federal suit charging they were beaten by when it is re-used 10 times. That amounts building tenders. The inmates are asking to a consumption of the energy equivalent $450,000 in damages and a permanent of 515 million more gallons of gasoline injunction forbidding the Department of each day than would be the case with an Corrections from using the tenders (fellow all-reusable container system. Since 1866 inmates) from punishing or acting in any Dr. Hannon maintains that recycling is other supervisory capacity over other not a viable alternative because each 16 oz. The Place in Austin inmates. A bill passed by the Legislature glass bottle that is recycled adds 10 percent last year prohibits such use of prisoners. to its equivalent energy budget. GOOD FOOD State Reps. Ben Reyes, D-Houston; Mickey Leland, D-Houston; Chris Miller, D-Fort GOOD BEER Worth; Joe Hernandez, D-San Antonio, and One small step Matt Garcia, D-San Antonio issued a press Ever notice how the more expensive 1607 San Jacinto release stating they "supported and aided" • items in department stores like 477-4171 in preparation of the complaint. refrigerators and couches are usually sold by men? The men usually get paid better Who says boycotts don't work? • than the "salesladies" over in lingere, but Farah Manufacturing Co., which the Department of Labor is casting a showed a profit of $6 billion in 1971, lost jaundiced eye on the practice. Bill Buhl, a $8.4 million in 1972. Company spokesmen labor official in Dallas, says that the excuse blamed the loss on a general malaise in the is usually that handling "hardline" goods MARTIN ELFANT clothing industry rather than the strike and takes greater skill than handling "softline" boycott backed by the Amalgamated stuff. "But it was really just one more form Clothing Workers of America Sun Life of Canada (Obs., Dec. of sex discrimination," Buhl told the Dallas 29, 1972). But Farah officials admitted that Morning News. "More often than not the boycott forced the closing of four women were paid less for equal work and plants — two in San Antonio, one in 1001 Century Building didn't have the opportunity to go into Victoria and one in Las Cruces, N.M. appliance or furniture departments." Houston, Texas Farah's stock, which has gone as high as The Fifth Circuit Court in New Orleans $30 a share, fell to between $6 and $7 a CA 4-0686 recently has upheld two sex discrimination share in October and to $3.63 a share in suits concerning women sales personnel. In late December. one case the court ruled that stores must pay clothing saleswomen and seamstresses DRIVE-IN Something new in downtown the same wage rates as clothing salesmen FREE and tailors. At least 2,700 El Pasoans absorbed ST. LOUIS • PARKING undue amounts of lead into their First and only motel ... (park-walk-in) • HEATED POOL convenient to shopping, ball park, Gate- systems because of discharges from the • YEAR ROUND American Smelting and Refining Co.'s way Arch, entertainment, Kiel Auditorium, AIR CONDITION airport limousine service at our door. smelter there, according to the National • T-V & RADIO Center for Disease Control. The El Paso • TEL-MESSAGE Singles from $12 city-county health department says that IN-ROOM between 1969 and 1971 the smelter • EXTRA LONG Doubles from $14 released 1,116 tons of lead, 560 tons of BEDS WARWICK Family Rooms $16 zinc, 12 tons of cadmium and 1.2 tons of • DINING ROOM arsenic into the atmosphere through its for confirmed reservations • COCKTAIL stacks. LOUNGE 15TH AND LOCUST call collect • CONFERENCE ROOMS 314/231-7311 1_ pp. ALAN POGUE JO" .74 - Photographer of 4 1 0' .1111111-111111111''= Lat /IL ' ■■•■•,,, • political events & pseudo events, of '' COURTESY • people in their natural surroundings COMFORT SERVICE Rag office 478-0452 Austin Back to square one

Austin catch on. The Wallace supporters elected to In Texas Democratic politics, liberals the SDEC under the new party rules, i.e., traditionally get the bi-annual shaft at courtesy of George McGovern, have been convention time. But most liberals are curiously sheeplike. unaware that the outward and visible signs Some mischievious folks had hoped they of their shafting, which frequently ends would raise hell all the time and with the basic liberal walk-out, are actually discombobulate the stuffy old geeks on the the culmination of a long and tedious they have pacifically process. In fact, the shafting always begins committee. But in a subcommittee and, folks, a followed the bidding of Chairman Calvin subcommittee met in Dallas during the first Guest, even when it was against their own week of January and the omens are best interests. However, they're catching on. Dr. George Bradford, a Wallaceite from ominous. x. Dallas, told the subcommittee, "There are The State Democratic Ex ecutive going to be some fights. Our turn is yet to Committee has a rules committee, which come." The Wallaceites, of course, have as has in turn spawned an offspring much reason as the liberals to want some subcommittee on delegate selection. It was form of fair share representation. The only this six-person subcommittee that met in reason they were able to make such a Dallas to begin work on the procedures to strong showing at last year's convention be used in selecting delegates to the 1974 was courtesy of the McGovern rules, under national Democratic convention. You all which any group that can come up with recall that the Democrats have decided to ten percent of the convention is entitled to have off-year conventions, supposedly to 10 percent of the delegate strength. get together on policy and stuff like that, Further, Smith may have made a but it's more likely that there'll be lots of strategical error by adamantly refusing to early-round presidential nomination compromise. He and Williams wrangled all maneuvering. day, but Smith kept winning the votes. So there were the Texas Dems up in However, after the meeting, one of the Dallas engaging in Byzantine battle about moderate members of the subcommittee how to select the delegates for this who had voted with Smith expressed some mini-convention. The problem arises on degree of shock over Smith's failure to account of the state party rules prescribe comproMise. only how delegates to presidential The fight promises to be spirited from nominating conventions shall be selected. here on out. Billie Carr said she'd appeal Rumor had it before the meeting that the the matter all the way to Supreme Court, conservatives were going to try to reinstate or some such. Carrin Patman sat around the unit rule. We are NOT, said the being helpful, natch. Bill Williams, that conservatives, led by the peerless Robert chicken, described himself as "a W. (Corky) Smith of Dallas. It was no such progressive." And a good time was had by thing, not a unit rule at all. It is merely all. M.I. winner take all, you see. But we will let Smith's remarkable work speak for itself. First, the good news: . . . the President absolutely lacks candor in "The unit rule or any rule or practice saying he wants the American people to have the whereby all members of a delegation may is, the delegates and alternates will be facts about Watergate. . .. Did the President ever elected by the majority, which should be intend to try seriously to overcome his crisis of be required to cast their votes in credibility? At the moment the answer would accordance with the will of the majority of perfectly clear. Fifty-one percent of a precinct convention can elect all the have to be negative. ... These are harsh those of the body shall not be used at any judgments. They came about over a long period stage of the convention or delegate delegates and alternates and those in the of time. Certainly the notion of resignation or selection process." other 49 percent can go home and eat impeachment came slowly into a majority Now for some other kind of news: worms. The beauty of this, Corky Smith consensus. • . The President has dragged his feet "This, however, does not mean nor shall it explained, is that it is not a unit rule. You on the whole Watergate affair. He is still dragging be interpreted to mean that after all the see, under the unit rule, all the delegates his feet. Every day he continues to shadow-box votes have been cast on any issue that the elected had to vote the way the majority of the real issues he erodes his prestige still more. the delegation wanted to. Under this Fortunately for the country, our system majority of those voting on any issue or doesn't rest solely upon the presidency. The vote shall not prevail." Bill Williams, system, the majority elects all the delegates, who can vote however they want power to operate government continues. The chairman of the Harris County regular President's ordeal is more personal than Democrats, tried to have the "however" to. institutional. If he is unable or unwilling to sentence removed. The amazing Corky Fortunately, the Corky Smith master resolve the crisis the Congress inevitably will have Smith said, "I really think we should leave plan has to undergo a few more rounds to do it. The Senate's 92-3 vote to confirm this in because it just makes everything so before it becomes final. It passed in Dallas Gerald Ford as vice president is a big step toward clear!" 4-1, with Bill Williams holding out. The setting the stage for handling the Nixon dilemma What that clever Corky Smith had plan will go before the rules committee in a if the President can't. editorial, Nov. 29. written into his version of a delegate week and before the full SDEC on Jan. 19. —San Antonio Express selection process was that majority shall And in the meantime, it looks as though 13 rule at the precinct convention level, that the Wallace people are finally beginning to January 18, 1974 For 15 bucks you can be 'the most powerful lobbyist in Texas.' Before we were one year old, Common Cause of Texas was called "the most powerful lobby in Texas" by State Rep. Fred Agnich of Dallas. Agnich was there when Common Cause, the non-partisan citizens lobby, put its muscle behind passage of open meetings, ethics and lobby reform bills. Agnich hadn't wanted full financial disclosure in the ethics bill, but he changed his stand when the Common Cause telephone chain went into action. The telephone chain — Texans like you who saw an opportunity for legislation to bring state government back to the people, Texans who acted, Texans whose voices were heard. Lt. Gov. Bill Hobby is another elected official who heard Common Cause last year. "I certainly hope it's here to stay," he said. "It has a potential for great good." Would you like to help Common Cause continue the work that needs to be done? Work like monitoring enforcement of the reform bills that became law January 1? Work like lobbying to streamline the new State Constitution, to open up the State Highway Trust Fund, and for the public's right to know what's going on in government? Common Cause is not committed to any candidates; we're working for honest,responsible government. Common Cause is not beholden to special interests; our members set our priorities. We're growing. There are now more than 250,000 members in the US, working for better government. For $15 you can join our powerful group. And your voice can go to work lobbying — where it's heard.

111•111111111•11111111•1111111111•111•MI1111111•111•1•1111111111•11MIIIIIN I Common Cause of Texas / 1405 Lavaca / Austin, I Texas 78701 / 512-474-2374 __Enclosed is my check for $15 annual dues ($2 of which is allocated to the cost of the newsletter, sent to members 10 times yearly). I want to become a member of Com- I mon Cause and join others who are working for better government. Please send me more information about Common Cause. • NAME mil ADDRESS 1 CITY/STATE/ZIP I PHONE immimossommummumemism imaliummemilimmo January 18, 19 74 15 1 .1.=.....1.... am an mom= wen "THE TEXAS OBSERVER' Jane I I 600 West 7th By Max Woodfin matches her frame; her eyes brighten at the I I idea of an attentive listener. She wants her I Austin, Texas 78701 1 Galveston kids to be good kids. She wants them to I Enter a 1-year subscription, at $8.40 1 Jane gets up at four in the morning. have some extra money. She wants to have I (including 5% Texas sales tax) for: I "That's every mornin' for 17 years. No enough money in the cigar box for Charlie I I alarm, no nothin', I just feels it. First thing to take her out once a week, even if only name (please print) I I do is put my feet in Charlie's back and for a couple of beers in a dirty bar close to I street I push a little bit. Helps me get the stiff Galveston's huge housing projects. She I I outta my back and gets him goin'. 'Fore knows she fits the part: black, female, I city state I Charlie it was Eddie, 'fore Eddie it was divorced, remarried, kids, a service job. I'm Don. Sometimes Charlie don't wanna get [ J Check enclosed zip tempted to say she is intensely aware of I [ ) To be billed up. I just reaches down and kinda grabs her social position, but when Jane talks to 'im. I grab, you know, I just grabs 'im. me she is human, she is not a paragraph. That wakes 'im up and I get outta bed." "Sometimes I gets mixed up. You know . always impious. We recommend it." Oatmeal is ready for Charlie, then he's — I. F. STONE'S BI-WEEKLY, May 31, I it costs $750 every month for these people 1971. gone before five. He works on a clean-up to be here? And that don't count `chux' crew along the beach. If his crew isn't and medicine. [A private room does cost "I think The Observer ranks with The working, he leaves anyway; six of the eight $25 a day, semi-private rooms cost less, and kids are Jane's, not his, and he can't stand Progressive as one of the two most useful she's correct that there are many extra papers in the United States." — JOHN three of them. He has his union card to expenses.] If me'n Charlie had $750 a KENNETH GALBRAITH, Sep. 16, 1970 work on the docks, so he can figure a week month, we'd have us some leftover. I look or two's worth of work there every year. at it a bunch of ways. They've got the "The Observer rates high among my From five until six, Jane sits. "I do money and it gives me a job, but that's too favorite reading." — ARTHUR thinkin' then. You lookin' at me kinda easy. What hurts is knowin' these families, SCHLESINGER, JR., May 18, 1970 funny, but I do. Most I thinks about what all but some, don't give a shit for these bills we gonna pay this month and maybe folk. If they didn't have all that money, "One of the best publications in the Charlie can work the dock or I can get they'd be takin' care of 'em at home, and country remains The Texas Observer."— some private duty sittin'. I used to think a they'd have sombody to love. We takes THE NEW YORK POST, Dec. 18, 1969 lot about my work, goin' in and spendin' care of my mother and Charlie's mother,

eight hours wipin' shit offa old people, but one's got a room and one an apartment and 64 . . probably as close as any publication I quit that. You're gonna think this is real they're in worse shape than some of these in America to the high European stan- funny, but I think about where I'd be if I's people." dard of informed reportage and com- It amazes me to witness the control Jane mentary." — THE SOUTH AND THE born white. I ain't old enough to do NATION by Pat Watters everything • whites say, but I ain't young and other aides have when they get the enough to be real proud I'm black. Most I abuse they do. Spit in their faces and old think I got a bad deal, 'cause my men's hands wandering. Striking a patient A journal of "considerable influence in grandmother was Cherokee Indian and I is cause for instant firing, as it should be, Texas public life." — THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW, Oct. 22, 1967 coulda had it better that way." but I wonder if Jane might not find years of pleasure in one slap at an old white man. Six o'clock means getting up eight kids, "They's old, they's old." I ask Jane if she With "influence felt far beyond the state more or less, depending on who stayed ever feels a vestige of slavery, maybe not borders." — TIME, Sept. 27, 1968 with a friend. Alice, the oldest girl, gets up from management, but from her first to cook breakfast for the rest of the relationship to patients. I can tell by her family. Jane works on her hair, then walks "The conscience of the political com- look that I've said something I shouldn't munity in Texas ...." • — THE NEW two blocks to catch a ride with another have. She doesn't answer that day, but REPUBLIC, Nov. 20, 1965 Alice to be at work by quarter to seven. weeks later she does. Alice charges Jane a quarter each way, but "I's been thinkin' bout slavery. Look at "In Texas the only way things are to ride the bus she'd have to get out an ole man Steve, he ain't never had none changed is with the help of the press ... hour earlier and it's 35 cents anyway. a'this and here he is 'cause some white I think this is where the Observer comes Jane works at a nursing home as a church and welfare got him here. He loves into the Texas picture. You will nurse's aide. She earns $1.80 an hour, few to tell me what to do 'cause they's been frequently find stories in the Observer benefits. "I'd like to make more, but the that haven't been printed simply because telling him all his life. Lots a' these ole there hasn't been digging done on a main thing is knowin' that check is comin' folks is so old they ain't heard that blacks particular subject." —SISSY I every two weeks. It's gonna be there 'cause is people now. I takes some, but it's clean FARENTHOLD, Jan. 23, 1973 I'm gonna work. I hear we're gettin' a ten here an' I couldn't do much else. I goes cent raise before January and maybe sick home every day tellin' myself that Alice is leave next year. I ain't missed a day in four learnin' to type an' she ain't gonna have to I "Probes fearlessly into areas often I years 'cept for funerals, but I'm gettin' put her hands in some white man's shit, ignored by the establishment press, I 111 older." never." 11:1 ranging from state house scandals and Jane is a big woman. Her legs look thick the plight of the minorities to the I rather than strong, but her forearms and Woodfin works in a nursing home in I establishment itself." —NEAL R. PEIRCE, The Megastates of America, 1972 hands are beautifully shaped. They have Galveston. I 111 the shine I notice on black athletes. Her I I voice is surprising, high and squeaky, I "Time and again since its first appear- I breaking frequently into a laugh that gets I ance in 1954, the Observer has cracked I on my nerves. I've noticed other people I stories ignored by the state's big dailies 1 and has had the satisfaction of watching wince at it, too. When Jane talks to me, in I the papers follow its muckraking lead." I a sitting room or in a patient room with no I — N EWSWEEK, March 7, 1966 I other aides around, her voice gets deeper, IMO IBM 11111111111111111111111111•111•111111•111 MOM MIMI I Go into crime, young man

By Hervi Chatz One thing we neglected to mention in mental health of many white collar crime the commercial is that we cannot possibly victims and we are showing an appropriate Most of you have probably seen our new send information to every person who warning before each future running. The television commercial. It begins with a contacts us. Institute policy forbids commercial should definitely be kept out handsome young man dressed in expensive divulging information on the crooked of the reach of your children or they will clothes, standing on the balcony of a business operation to anyone who is not wind up defrauding you out of house and luxurious, California-style apartment. The sincerely interested in a new and lucrative home. man leans over the railing and stares career in the white collar crime field. We intently at the camera. realize that a lot of people have been "You may not believe this," he says. complaining about this, but there is "But I was once poor, ugly and miserable. I absolutely nothing wrong with such a was working at ..a mundane job, eating SECONDLY, there is absolutely policy. All respectable professions strive to nothing false about our advertising. The mundane food and taking out mundane keep their business methods confidential. chicks. But look at me now." He runs his easiest dollar to make in this country is the For example, doctors u se hand up and down his fashionable suit, crooked dollar. For proof, we need only chicken-writing in filling out prescriptions over his medium-long hair and across his look at American history. After the Civil so that a patient won't realize he is getting enormous balcony. Then, he 'turns back to War, for example, Congress passed a series the camera. an aspirin while paying for of Reconstruction Acts that made it legal hexadimexisulfate. Lawyers set out their "Want to see how I live?" he asks. "Well, for Northern politicians to go down South come on in." He goes into his apartment business methods in a code of ethics. In and take over entire state governments. and the camera follows. There are three order to understand the legal code of They made billions of dollars through bikini-clad girls inside, one mixing drinks at ethics, you have to read the fine print. It bribes, pay-offs and embezzled taxes. the Scandinavian-style bar and two making says that lawyers should use words like These people were called "Carpetbaggers" love on the velvet sofa. Suddenly, the man "foregoing" and "hereafter" as often as and even today their crooked business is standing outdoors, behind a red sports possible so that a client won't realize he,is techniques are being carried on by several car. He leans over the car roof and stares getting a "since" while paying for a discount carpet stores. The Carpetbaggers intently at the camera. "whereas." all died fat and happy. "Pretty nice, huh? Want to know my When the President of the United States Then came the oil barons, steel barons, secret?" wants to keep his business methods railroad barons and cattle barons. They Suddenly, he is standing in an enormous confidential, he invokes what is called were called "barons" because they tried room filled with enormous machines. "executive privilege." Some Presidents use legitimate business, didn't make a bare cent People in white smocks move from this device a lot so that a voter won't and then went on to become crooked realize he is getting a run-of-the-mill machine to machine, solemnly making billionaires. John D. Rockefeller was politician while paying for a national notes on their clipboards. The man takes a probably the richest man that ever lived. leader. It is all very proper. White smock from a bikini-clad girl, puts it Most people who knew him say that For the white collar criminal, success on and picks up a clipboard. He smiles at Rockefeller did not smile very much when often depends on convincing a customer or the camera. he was a child. That was before he made other type of victim that he is getting his money. He remained a mere "I'm a white collar criminal," he says. something for nothing or something that is "And as a white collar criminal, I get all one-millionaire until he worked out a a lot better than it really is. In this respect, kickback arrangement with the railroad the money, booze and broads that I can the business crook is the same as some possibly handle. If you're interested in companies. Movies taken around this time Presidents of the United States. He is also show him smiling constantly. fraud, embezzlement, abuse of trust and like many doctors and lawyers. He is also During the past 200 years, we have had other types of crooked business, there's a like many corporate executives, lobbyists, only one President who was called new and lucrative opportunity awaiting labor leaders and whoever is responsible for "Honest." His name was Lincoln and he you in the growing white collar crime putting marbles in Campbell's Soup to field." He winks at the camera. "See you died thin. President Lincoln has been make it look chunkier. It is all very proper. around campus," he says. offidally declared a legend. Unfortunately, The Institute has also been receiving The man fades out and a photograph of this has convinced a lot of good white complaints from several consumer groups. a thousand dollar bill appears in his place. collar criminal material to take a stab at They claim it is false advertising to say that A voice booms: "If you want to know becoming a poor, honest legend instead of your new career in the white collar crime more about the new and lucrative a crooked billionaire. Such an attitude opportunity that awaits you in white collar profession will be "lucrative." First of all, completely ignores several facts of modern crime, please write to FRAUD, BOX 1982, the commercial was not directed at life and should be banned by the Federal Washington, D.C. This public service consumers. Nor was it directed at bank Trade Commission (FTC). message has been brought to you by the depositors, stock investors, contributors to For one thing, almost no ones becomes a Institute for White Collar Crime; Andros charitable organizations, correspondence legend in his or her own time. While he Island, Bahamas." school students and many other members lived, President Lincoln was despised by a of the American public. In fact, the lot of people and even shot at. He became SINCE the commerical began its commercial is inherently dangerous to the a universally beloved person only after he six-month run on the late movie, we at the was no longer able to enjoy it. Institute have been flooded with questions Monsieur Chatz is a former child prodigy Secondly, in Lincoln's day, becoming a and complaints. The major reason is that who escaped from Devil's Island at the age legend was a lot easier than it is today. A we were able to say only so much in a of 10. He speaks 12 languages and is politician did not have to buy a million one-minute commercial. We are most proficient upon the tuba. He began dollars worth of television time or hire a grateful, therefore, to the editors for giving practicing white collar crime as soon as he public relations firm at a hundred dollars us this opportunity to fill in some details. got his law degree and then went into a an hour. A writer could go over to Paris more vicous line of the same profession — and suffer fairly comfortably for a few 16 The Texas Observer free-lance writing. francs a day. Today in Paris, a few francs will barely get you into a public urinal, underway that administration officials thousands of us in the marketplace and we even if you're a writer. believe will eventually preclude any will be only too happy to help you convert Finally, and everything else aside, it just possibility of a business crook being your disdain for humanity to quick and happens to be a very bad time for legends exposed by a journalist or similar substantial profit. Thank you." ❑ in this country. Americans have repeatedly troublemaker. We understand that these expressed a distinct disinterest in diverse governmental efforts will soon be January 18, 1974 17 Lincoln-type people and a preference for centralized under one government agency, some average football fan who likes the Crooked Business Administration Bookkeeping & Tax Service oatmeal cookies and crooked billionaires. (CBA), to be directed by any one of several 4,) President Lincoln did not get along well White House felons. cu 503 WEST 15TH, AUSTIN 78701 with crooked billionaires. Which is the Even if a white collar criminal is (512) 472-6886 main reason he died thin. Incidentally, somehow prosecuted, chances are good those consumer people who have been that he will draw a close friend for his OFFICE HOURS: 9 A.M. TO 5 P.M. complaining about our commercial all live judge and win either an acquittal or AND BY APPOINTMENT ANYTIME in eighty-dollar apartments and can't suspended sentence in exchange for a afford their own telephones. They will round of drinks at the Ninth Green. Even if When you move, it isn't enough just to probably die thin. a white collar criminal is somehow furnish the Post Office with your new convicted and sentenced, chances are good that he will be sent to a place like the State address. Country Club for Convicted Businessmen ONE QUESTION that has been and Labor Leaders (SCCCBLL). Please drop us a change of address coming up quite a bit since the commercial We realize that in a few thousand words card, too; and send along an old began is whether white collar crime is still mailing label from your Observer, if illegal in the United States. In reply, we are it is impossible to correct the many forced to admit that, yes, crooked business misimpressions about crooked business you have it. belongs to a small group of professions that that have arisen in the past. However, we were declared unlawful a long time ago. do hope that we have shed some light on This way, you'll be assured of having Although some of these professions have the profession. It is important to remember the next issue properly mailed to your since been legalized (abortionism, that white collar crime is not the exclusive new address, since we can implement alcoholism), white collar crime has not. domain of billionaires and high political an address change up to two days This is an unfortunate situation which we officials. So, if you are not a business before an issue is printed and are trying to remedy with the help of crook yourself, your best friends probably are. The people who sell you merchandise, mailed . . . provided we hear directly several high public officials and their big from you. Thanks. campaign contributors. We do not doubt ask for your charitable contribution and that business crime will soon be legal. In invest your money in stock certainly are. the meantime, however, crooked business It is, therefore, in the best interests of all THE TEXAS OBSERVER people must continue to operate outside of us to protect the white collar crime 600 W 7, Austin Texas 78701 the law. profession against those misguided people This means that those contemplating a who would destroy it in order to save the new and lucrative career in the white collar homes, property and faith of tomorrow's crime field should not expect certain fringe victims. That is our job here at the benefits that accrue to members of other Institute. The best way to help us in this professions. For example, at the present endeavor is, of course, to become a time there is no crooked business college to member of the profession yourself. In the issue you a diploma. This will leave a blank alternative, you can help us preserve the Argh, space on your office wall that can be American way of life as it now exists by covered with the first crooked dollar you sending a contribution to DECEPTION, said the lady newspaper publisher earn as a professional. The dollar should be Box 1982, Washington, D.C. when she saw our latest number. tastefully mounted and framed. If the A final word from our president, whose Learn the fascinating. absence of a college degree affects you name must be kept confidential: "Good quaint, sordid details evening. During my 20 years of service at for yourself deeply, you should use a hundred dollar for a mere. bill. the Institute for White Collar Crime, I have met many businessmen, both male and $7.50 a year. female, who spent years of their lives sendable to building profitable little enterprises on Post Office Box 52691, A FINAL question that we have such well-proven techniques as cutting a Houston 77052. from whence cometh been receiving relates to what is commonly corner, putting one over on a customer, that had-ass called "the chances of getting caught," but and sharp business tactics in general. In all which we prefer to view as "the these cases, there came a time when the temporary-setback-quotient." The setback businessman, whether male or female, risk in the crooked business field is, in decided to develop his company into a truth, practically non-existent. For one full-fledged crooked business enterprise. In thing, the Justice Department runs a each case that I know of, the attempt at Prosecution Protection Plan which many expansion ended in disaster. white collar criminals claim provides "The reason is obvious. White collar absolute insurance against ever being crime is a highly-skilled profession. It takes brought to trial. Insurance payments are years to learn which innocent people to Houston Journalism made in the form of campaign victimize, which public officials to bribe contributions or Mexican bank deposits. and which judges to select as your golf Similar plans are offered by several partners. Before your crooked 'business corporations and lobbying groups, but it is venture winds up in court or in the best to deal directly with the insurer. headlines, I urge you to consult a white There is also a new federal program collar crime professional. There are and news reports concerning Kohoutek have ignored the obvious "as usual" and Celestial puzzler overlooked the most significant aspect of the celestial foie gras. "Comets stink," Corrections. A recent popular opinion Smith said from his treeshaded home on By Richard Bechtold cross section shows .79 percent with "no the beach west of Oxnard, "and Kotik is opinion" pointing to the wide spread of Austin very likely to be real putrid, the worst. ignorance about comets. Emerson had something to say on this. Sales of microscopes trebled, Palomar But perhaps the most mysterious swinging in its great and graceful arch, Kotik's new, and we have no way of phenomenon associated with the celestial gauging comets, today, but it's the newest strange sights in the streets of American pranksters occurred in 1910 with the cities — all these are being attributed to the and largest, and we can't just close our eyes appearance of Harry's Comet. On March projected appearance of the first major as we have for so long. They do stink and I 12, at its apogee (point closest to the sun cornet in 60 years. A celestial happening, don't care if you all hate me." The in elliptical orbit), Harry blazed so bright the Comet Kohoutek, named after Russian iconoclast's viewpoint is not shared by Astrologer P. W. (Phil) Kohoutek who first in the sky that Franklin, Pennsylvania, up many; Rotan and Mosle of MIT's Oddlot discovered the new light last February, to that time a thriving industrial Labs are among the few colleagues to take may show up. boomtown of near a million population, Smith's warning seriously. "Phil and I In Trenton, Astralphilosopher Philip disappeared. In the following 48 hours 76 suggest that Smith's in the area of Merrill predicts that the comet will spread members of the Franklin Philharmonic, a rightness, perhaps not entirely correct, but "new light" on New Jersey, Cleveland and noted orchestra on roadshow engagement with some particle of the truth. He may the Snake delta, three areas of geopolitical in Toledo, were snubbed out without so overestimate the extent, but odor will be a interest where his nonsectarian group has much as a trace. Modern histories make no significant factor." Rotan and Mosle its strongest following. Kohoutek is mention of Franklin which speaks to the suggest incense or bacon-,burning during projected by most scientists to be "at totality of the devastation. Some historians the apogic period (3-4 hours). Smith leans least" six feet long, which might make it will admit to the peculiarity in to more drastic measures, followed already the brightest star in the firmament, if it off-the-record conversations with reporters. by some of his more ardent young ever appears. It will, if predictions are In 1898 the Peerless Motor Company was disciples, such as nasal surgery. formed. realized, cover half the sky, which is twelve Religious significance For many, Comet feet at sundown and eleven and a half at Kohoutek has taken on an extra dimension Physics There has been much of meaning. In Vatican City rumors have sunup, a freaky astrophysical oddity which speculation as to the material nature of has puzzled scientists for centuries. This been circulating for months about the comets, from the libertine 16th century bald-pated figure dashing through that new cornet, coming as it does, after Physicist Philip Zent's formulation Christmas, seems certain to clear that up. city's tiny alleys, pounding the bricks with "anything with a tail" to modern analysts a small hammer. In Baltimore, many who insist that "not is comet is not." In persons have been moved to walk the Aristotle Comets have appeared before between, more moderate observers take a streets on their heads. "The Lord is angry," in history and the lore is rich. Who ever gentler view. Astronomer Philip Lynch of says Sectarian prelate Philip Paine. "He has heard of poor lore? In 18 B.C. a comet Los Angeles' Pistello Observatory settles sent this celestial freak as emblem of his appeared over Cincinnati and killed 19 back into his naugahyde chiffonier and anger. Many have come to us to learn the people, the entire population at that time. expresses a common position: "Comets are secret of head-walking, but most are not The philosopher Aristotle observed that tricky. Comets are any color they want." willing to make the sacrifice." Paine, and comets often have a long trailing thread of NASA Physicists Philip Dempsey and his General Secretary Philip Webber, have light behind them, which he christened Philip Tegler disagree: "Comets are yellow, appealed to the Baltimore City Council. "the tail." In 44 A.D. the appearance of infrequently blue. That's it, bucko." Philip The councilman thus far remain adamant the Comet Whistle sparked the hordes of Pierce, head of Pierce Institute in in refusing soft streets. Attila in the sack of Rome. Whistle Scottsdale, suggests that comets "are Celestial poseur Whether Baltimore's reappeared in 415 coinciding with a composed of chunks of matter no larger City Council relents or millions of mysterious tooting and pounding in the than a tractor" and that these chunks are Americans yield to nasal amputation is left heads of humanity. The jurist Garret surrounded by a white hot syrup of to fate and the next few weeks. We will Augustus Hobart (before he became celestial ice which he describes as "about soon know. The onrush of Comet vice-president) is said to have spoken the viscosity of peanut butter, only white." Kohoutek is inexorable and rushing on, fondly of "comets and shit like that." It tastes, Pierce adds, "like fried chicken." and according to reputable authorities it is Comments on comets have been condensed Philip Fenner, truculent and diminutive likely to light the heavens as nothing in a slim volume which is used as a Bible by shortstop of the famed British Research before or since. The celestial poseur may inmates of the Colorado Department of Team has spent years following comets appear near Orion or, as experts suspect, in across their celestial playground. His crack the vicinity of the Pleiades — the daughters research team is ready with millions of of Atlas turned to stars in Greek The EPA calculates that cars with air dollars worth of equipment for Kohoutec, mythology of which six are seeable with conditioners burn 9 to 20 percent more gas than although he hasn't spoken a word since average eyes. The wisest attitude may well those without air conditioners (Clarence) Ditlow 1942. Amid this honest play of divergent have been suggested by Phyllis Jackson and (of Ralph Nader's Public Interest Research opinion, there is one thing that Dempsey, Group) says that an, "air conditioner Philip Curtis, discovered at their chic Tegler, Merrill, Lynch, and most other Central Park hideaway, who commented, moratorium" begun with 1975 models would scientists would agree on — Kohoutek's save 380 to 656 million gallons of gas theAfirst when asked about the greatest celestial year. Di tlow then compares the industry claim appearance, if it occurs, will be the pilgrim in our century, "Well, a celestial that 2.7 billion gallons of gas could be saved opportunity of a lifetime. pilgrim's better than nothing." annually by removing anti-pollution devices from Real putrid Perhaps the most disputed all cars with his own estimate that 3.9 billion theory of all is propounded by an austere, gallons could be saved by removing all car air conditioners. Which is more urgent, the need for reserved, thin metaphysicist from clean air inside the car or outside it? California, the maverick scientist Philip —The New Republic, Dec. 29, 1973. Smith. Smith, a sort of technocrat-cum-guru to the caterwauling 18 The Texas Observer young, has proposed that other scientists * 4 * Dolph's got to go

Austin win office while assuring the people with In my opinion, Gov. Dolph Briscoe money power that he will not do anything should be defeated for re-election. It would to cause any fundamental changes, wants be better, if the choice has to be made, Observations the Democratic nomination and is aligned that a moderate Republican become with Henry Jackson. Texan Connally, who governor than that Briscoe be elected for wants people exactly like Bentsen and the next four years. Jackson to control the Democratic Party, The main reason is not Texas 'affairs or of course had nothing at all to do with the also wants the Republican presidential politics, but the nation's politics in 1976. Drmocrat's off-year election gains. Texan nomination and is aligned with people like Briscoe has announced his support of Sen. John Connally, according to columnist Nixon and Ford. Texan Strauss, the bosom Lloyd Bentsen for President. This means Marianne Means, has been pressuring Texan buddy of Republican Connally, is the chief Briscoe, if re-elected, will seek to lead a George Bush to run for governor in Texas of the national Democrats, courtesy of the delegation from Texas to the Democratic in 1976 against Briscoe. Meanwhile, Strauss likes of Connally. Texan Jaworski, another national covention of 1976 pledged to is telling Young Democrats at the conservative Texas Democrat of the same Bentsen. The shrewd, opportunistic University of Texas, "I regret that John type as Strauss and used-to-be-a-Democrat Bentsen has made it clear he lusts to be left the Democratic Party. He's a Connally, is Nixon's special prosecutor of President; he can be expected to team up formidable opponent and would be awfully Nixon. with the likes of Henry Jackson of tough as a Republican presidential nominee Thus it matters a great deal that the Washington to obtain the 1976 Democratic in Texas." Strauss and Connally, of course, governor of Texas in 1976 not be Dolph nomination for the liberal militarists. are intimate friends: Connally, when Briscoe, a conservative Democrat Briscoe's first choice for President in 1972, governor of Texas, made Strauss his state committed to Bentsen for President and an George Wallace, is an increasingly powerful Democratic chairman. utterly predictable ally of the force in 1976 politics, and Briscoe's When King Nixon, dismayed by the military-industrial-political complex that re-election is thus central to the integrity of Archibald Cox, broke faith seeks to deprive the citizens of a consolidation of the Democratic Party as a with the Congress and fired him, a reporter meaningful democracy. safe, effectively reactionary party in 1976, that night interviewed Connally at his How can Briscoe be defeated? The a vehicle which will give the people no River Oaks home in Houston, and Connally nationally-oriented, liberal, anti-war meaningful choice for the Presidency in the commented that the firing of Cox was "a Democrats can nominate someone against bicentennial year of the American healthy thing." Connally was pleased that Briscoe and run him a good race. That Revolution. the Watergate matter would thus be "left failing, a liberal independent candidate in the criminal division of the Department running in the four-candidate field of Justice where I think it should have (Briscoe, the Republican, and La Raza been all this time." Unida's candidate, presuming there is one) BRISCOE raised at least three When, to the contrary, the country came could either win or turn the election to the quarters of a million dollars at a apart about the firing and the Impeach Republican. If that Republican was Bush, fund-raising dinner last fall and has yet to Nixon movement became serious as a result the latter eventuality could be borne, tell the people who paid how much and of it, Connally backed and filled like the although without rejoicing. At least it how the money is being spent. Press opportunist he is known to be, saying — would be no surprise when the Republicans reports said his debts from previous within a week of his approval of the firing continued to be sold out to the big campaigns totaled about $800,000 and — that "I must say that the President owed corporations. What is appalling now is to that this was money he owed himself. Did the country a better explanation for his find the Democrats sold out to the same the seated governor use his position to raise actions than we got." In the same interview big corporations. three quarters of a million dollars to be Connally said he is "keeping the door Texans are supposed to be independent, deposited to his own account as a open" for his presentation of the tough-minded folks, yet here we are repayment of campaign debts he owed Republican presidential nomination. As contributing to the incorporation of both himself? late as Dec. 5, Connally told a news American political parties. By rolling over Joe Kilgore, later to become Briscoe's conference in South Carolina that he and playing dead to give do-nothing campaign manager for this year, said the knows "no justifiable reason" why Nixon Briscoe another four years, we will assure donors were being carefully recorded and should be asked to resign or why he should that Briscoe, in league with the big dailies, all would be made public. Various resign. will pre-condition public opinion to give Republican officials subsequently According to Anthony Sampson, who Texas up to Bentsen, Jackson, Strauss, demanded that the donors be identified; covers Washington for the London Connally, et al., in advance in 1976. I say outgoing GOP chairman George Willeford Observer, it was reportedly Connally who to hell with that. Let's have a go at it. R.D. said the fund-raising dinner had been recommended to Nixon that Leon marked by "a number of improprieties and Jaworski be Nixon's choice to replace the unethical conduct." We still await the fired Cox. Jaworski did become the special response from the governor's office, but prosecutor selected by Nixon to investigate obviciusly when the seated governor raises Nixon. Jaworski assures the country, "I am this kind of money before he even not precluded from taking any action that announces for re-election, it ain't all I conclude should be taken." The question, coming from the peanut farmers. of course, is what action he will conclude Texan Robert Strauss, chairman of the should be taken. national Democratic Party, attended the fund-raiser for Briscoe. "The Democratic Party is moving to the middle of the road," Strauss said shortly after agreeing with H ERE WE are, then: let us see this Texan George Bush, the chairman of the situation clearly. Texan Bentsen, who is national Republican Party, that Watergate trying to be the kind of politician who can January 18, 1974 19 A CALL TO ACTION

•---•••• • --• ••••■". These editorials - s's•-..±.. • ▪- . • - - • .`s. . s • •-• ••• •••:",-;L: ' :7"•-••••••• ' • ' • • Zs, t' - • •r: `s*"

• -••• ".:.`•• -.V, - • - - • s .7..r- .-^...- -Z.?. - . -71: • • '..;:-- • • -•.-.!... - ••• ' "s•-, s , -. -L-...,.....„....•:„, ..7"..szt:L...... „ ;`,•...z.... , L ■ -..,,...z --■—-•^..--= :••,....--7:---: = -•-•• r - '. : : :::- - -.. '' f ■ ...... L L._... :_:. . -LL :•.-, .7.- ....,,„...... r " , • :" .'-^, ....-s. :: ...• ...... -:::,:, -, . t " . ...Is.' . .._, , ,: . - .' .• • • *:-. - . .. , ,...> ••. , : L z...... in a recent issue of ...... ,---,--. .z...... - ...--,-,...-:-.:7 .....-...--t-- Si---: : : :".. :F.:: - - - .- . : .. _- -- . , :...... :. -- - -. -- •••• •-.••••,.. ••••:' ." ...Z.:- ..- •:.;:s.."-,-..:- • s ." z-_-. .r.:.• Lt,-. = • - s - . L.L., .-: ..-',?.....,," ...':;•.. s• • 'I •:::::- -.1%.,...." .,...... ^.. ,..z.....:::: ii..::" sy -Zs- ••••,. ..- The Progressive were used verbatim • ale co ler A,___Nintires IL RES. in this Congressional Reso 703 Impeaching Richard Ltriloiv United m Stares, forIL Nixon, Prookket of th resolution calling for anors. high climes and mid*. By Mr. Srit averred to Itontigam the impeachment 24, aria ciaaaurte. fa tat of the President Alinciatr and continue to generate nationwide response . . . including use by members of the House Judiciary Committee For copies of this historic material: for example: Reprints of "A Call to Action" including the Bill of Impeachment: 10 copies for $1 ad) 011614 COW° oge:ilb 121°°t5 1001 - and with the first 784 orders we will include a free copy rr 11+400.3“. of the issue in which these editorials appeared. 1. 11 211,

lOacc“ PoDI,

rabl ■ saer 0`.. fir4, "1"0: D1 Via. }1. I want to subscribe. Please bill me $8 for a ten month . ❑ IaDia ernes great introductory subscription (regular price $10) . e Progressive es credit for u stating the impeach ment issue in sch succinct detail. • " name r material will be an important • part of the d ocumentation being address louprepared for the Judiciar y Committee

city state zip The Progressive lel • 408 West Gorham Street miD)0. 131 ■ , CD• Madison, WI 53703 Jaworski defended

Your recent article, "Looking at Leon's sources, Mr. Jaworksi reports that, even Record," appears at first sight to be at least though the attorney general found the a detailed if not balanced account of some election commissions unconstitutional, Mr. incidents in Leon Jaworski's professional Communication Jaworski directed the C.I.C. to disclose the life that might bear on his performance as contributor's names, and to his knowledge the Watergate special prosecutor. As the those names are on file at the city clerk's public affairs director for the Prosecution and county clerk's offices. Force and a former national political What I object to about your piece is its testimony before the Senate Judiciary reporter with some interest in Texas cynical tone. You owe your readers more Committee, Mr. Jaworski went into the than this sort of lopsided report, and you politics, I was thus fascinated and subject of these grants in detail, including horrified. Momentarily, that is; then I might have made an .effort to get some the names of the prominent lawyers who discovered that there is less there than sense of how Mr. Jaworski was actually contacted the foundation for this meets the eye. doing up here in Washington. It's really not assistance. As a public information officer, my all that difficult for a reporter acting in advice to myself has to be to avoid Without ever making- a charge, the good faith. What Mr. Jaworski objects to, if I can violating the prudent rule that all cheap 3 article suggests that the Anderson get personal for a moment, is the shots go unanswered. But as a once and Foundation is a shadowy institution that gratuitous falsehood about a supposed future national reporter, I know that things operates on the edges of the law, making which appear in the Observer can have a alienation between President Johnson and secret loans and suspicious transactions. himself. Leon Jaworski cherishes his life of their own, and that this piece is Thus, Mr. Jaworski's role as a trustee likely to end up in the files of many of my association with President Johnson. He makes him suspect. Do you have any basis refused to consider serving in the Johnson former colleagues, unless it is challenged for that? None was in your article and now. So I make the following points: administration as a government official but frankly, during the period of suspicion that was appointed five times to serve on special On Nov. 28, Leon Jaworski recused accompanied Mr. Jaworski's appointment commissions, after the date of your I himself from handling any decisions and now seems to have subsided, nobody reported blow-up between the two men. in the investigation of all allegations arising suggested that his role as a trustee of the Again, you might have checked "Who's out of dairy industry contributions to the Anderson Foundation was anything but Who," and asked almost anybody in Texas Nixon campaign. He ordered that all praiseworthy. The foundation did make a who knew the two men. investigations proceed as usual by the same loan to Mr. Jake Jacobsen and did make James S. Doyle, special assistant for staff that handled the matter under money on the loan, which went to support public affairs, Watergate Special Archibald Cox, and that all decisions in the the Texas Medical Center. It makes scores Prosecution Force, U.S. Department of case be made without his participation. of well-secured loans at current interest Justice, Washington, D.C. Mr. Jaworski has also recused himself rates, as was the Jacobsen loan. from participating in our investigations and The allegations concerning the Office decisions concerning individuals with We address ourselves to Doyle's points in of Economic Opportunity are in whom he has had some dealings in the past 4 some ways the most puzzling in your story. the order in which they were made. that might give the appearance of a Most ' of it is in quotes, presumably I. That Jaworksi recused himself from conflict. None of this is very secret. You meaning that you are not responsible for any decisions involving the investigation of would have discovered it if you had any falsehoods. But couldn't you have the dairy contributions was upsetting news contacted any of the reporters covering the checked "Who's Who" and discovered that to us, since it does substantially affect the dairy case or the special prosecutor. Or you Leon Jaworski was not head of the import of our story. We have carefully could have picked up the telephone and Houston Bar Association in 1965, when searched our Jaworski and AMPI files but called us directly. Mr. Mathis had him in that role applying find no word of this. We read and clip eight I am the person who made the unsuccessfully for legal services funding Texas newspapers every day: it seems to us 2 statement that to his knowledge Mr. and then turning his ire on the competing unlikely we would have overlooked Jaworski has never acted directly or groups? Mr. Jaworski considers the mention of something that was so key to indirectly as a conduit for Central anecdote about his supposed call to the story on which we were working at the The New York Intelligence Agency funds for any purpose, President Johnson an especially malicious time. We also subscribe to however, and I continue to believe it. Without the falsehood. Leon Jaworski says that he Times and The Washington Post, benefit of a personal investigation of the never spoke to Lyndon Johnson about Don they arrive anywhere from three to seven Anderson Foundation's dealings, I have Mathis and certainly never asked that he be days late. Doyle says the announcement tried to check conscientiously this fired. was made on Nov. 28: we went to press allegation which was brought to my You say that everything in the story Dec. 3. We checked (after receiving Doyle's attention the day Mr. Jaworski was sworn except this incident can be verified. But letter) with George Lardner, Jr., who has in. I know of no reason to dispute his you accept Mr. Mathis' word that he The memory of this transaction, which is that advised Mr. Jaworski to let Mathis reshape been following the dairy case for he said the Post carried the grant was presented as one to a bona the grant application because "in light of Washington Post: nothing on the Nov. 28 announcement, but fide international lawyers group from his position with the bar association I was he believes the Times had the story inside private, not government, sources that did sure he would not want his name on an illegal application . . . " You could have with a one-column hed. Although we not wish to be identified. It is my cannot question Doyle's assertion that understanding that the funds were verified that the last time Mr. Jaworski "none of this is very secret," we must advanced by the M.D. Anderson held office in the Houston Bar Association question his implication that the Foundation and then reimbursed by these was in 1949, not in 1965. information was widely known. A lawyer non-government groups, and that the Concerning the allegations that the in Jaworski's own firm of purpose of the grants has never been Community Improvement disputed: to support the rule of law in all Committee was made campaign countries outside the United States. In his contributions without disclosing the January 18, 1974 21

7'7 The Texas Observer Fulbright-Crooker who actually represents unaware of it. . . . Why has it taken so a party in the dairy case said he thought he long? The OEO has known the had heard rumors of Jaworski withdrawing, composition of the board from the time it Personal Service — Quality Insurance but didn't know for sure (see story this was appointed months ago." ALICE ANDERSON AGENCY issue). On Sept. 30 of that year, Jaworski is INSURANCE & REAL ESTATE 2. In the Observer's story, the "directly quoted as saying, "In keeping with the or indirectly" statement is correctly federal edict, representatives of the poor 808A E. 46th, Austin, Texas attributed to Jaworski's office. We find will be immediately added." He goes on to 465-6577 nothing in Point 2 that contradicts the say, "Commission size and inclusion of Observer story. Doyle seems to find it persons from the target areas had been admirable that "the purpose of the grants agreed upon by the directors here on Aug. has never been disputed: to support the 10. It was our intention to increase the size IDA PRESS rule of the law in all countries outside the to include these new people after our 901 W 24th St Austin United States." If Doyle does not see organization had been funded. It was Multi copy service. impropriety of furthering this noble simply a misunderstanding. We didn't purpose by secret funding arrangements Call 477-3641 know they had to be on the commission from the CIA, we can't help him. before we would receive the money." 3. We did not use the words We trust Doyle will forgive our cynicism "shadowy," "suspicious," "secret" or if we inform him that down here that kind I We are interested in publishing I "edges of the law" concerning the of instant historical re-write is frequently 1 books on Texas, etc. If you have 1 Anderson Foundation. We did talk about described as "slicker than owl shit." Doyle a manuscript, please write a short conflict of interest and insider dealing. We may consider that a cheap shot, but we get presented the half-million dollar loan to a pretty tired of officials in high places outline (500 words or less) and Fulbright-Crooker law partner (three out issuing huffy denials and expecting folks to I we will advise you at once if we I of four members of the Anderson board accept them without question. M.I. 1 are interested in looking at the I being partners in the same law firm), loans to other Fulbright-Crooker employees and is manuscript. loans to Bank of the Southwest employees. We talked mostly about a huge loan, to a FUTURA PRESS INC figure directly involved in the dairy Phone 512/4424836 allegations, for whose singular presence on Dialogue 1 a tax return there is no explanation. If 1 1714 SOUTH CONGRESS Doyle comes up with one that sounds P.O. BOX 3485 AUSTIN, TEXAS reasonable, we hope he will send it along. IBIS MB • NM • • IN MI MI ON IN MI MI IN MB I No one at the Anderson Foundation was able to give us one. High on Hofheinz 4. Jaworski was not president of the It hurts me to write so critically of the CLASSIFIED Houston Bar Association in 1965. He was work of my until-now the immediate past president of the State "one-of-my-favorite-journalists," but Molly Classified advertising is 20d per word. Discounts Bar Association. The Observer regrets the Ivins' article on Fred Hofheinz has drawn for multiple insertions within a 12- month period; error. 26 times, 50%; 12 times, 25%; 6 times, 10%. my wrath. It is a narrow, poorly conceived, The Observer feels there is some kamikaze-liberal cynical piece. She BOOKPLATES. Free catalog. Many beautiful justification for questioning Jaworski's admittedly probably picked up enough 'designs. Special designing too. Address: recollection of this matter. Even his second-hand facts to go with the borrowed BOOKPLATES, P.O. Box 28-1, Yellow Springs, statements made at the time indicate some McNeeley anecdotes (the only TO Ohio 45387. rather abrupt changes in his version of the appearance I noticed in Houston during the matter. For example, on Sept. 28, 1965, campaign was to cover the Guru) to render TYPING & PRINTING SERVICE. Reasonable, two days after announcement of the the article technically accurate, but the artistic typing of reports, manuscripts, theses, rejection of the application of the tone was disappointing and the vision nil. dissertations; mimeographing, multilithing; open Houston-Harris County Economic Many have proven over the years that weekends. M. A. Delafield, 442-7008, Austin. Opportunity Commission, Jaworski is "liberals" — who, accepting the label, quoted in the Houston Chronicle saying, would earn better treatment from TO — do PLAYING THE RECORDER IS EASY. Free "It is illogical to put it mildly to think that not get elected mayor of Houston. Fred catalog, best recorders, recorder music. the function of the Economic Opportunity Hofheinz has proven that an intelligent, Beginner's Pearwood Soprano Book, $11.95. Commission would be better performed if Amster Music, 1624 Lavaca, Austin. dedicated, progressive and unalterably it has more poor on it. . . . The boards of honest and decent person can. He won by the United Fund and other great charitable convincing a lot of skeptics not only of his THE TEXAN WOMAN. $5/12 issues. P. 0. Box organizations in our community consist of ability, but also that he can be counted 1267, Austin, Texas 78767 men and women who are dedicated . . . upon to do that which his conscience without regard to financial standing. . . . dictates is in the best interests of all the GUITAR PICKERS. Buy your guitar strings from The mayor and the county judge appointed citizens of Houston, be they black, white, us and save 20%. Mail orders accepted. Amster this board with the advice of civic leaders: brown, young, old or "downtown Music, 1624 Lavaca, Austin. it is to be regretted that an individual who business." He managed to do that in the knows so little about the qualifications of face of the not inconsiderable liability of YOUR BOOK PRINTED from well-typed those selected should undertake arbitrarily having a father widely believed to have manuscript. Any quantity economical. to say that a number of other persons gotten rich at the public trough, and BIOGRAPHY PRESS, Rt. 1, Box 745, Aransas should be added to this group whose sole despite being called the black community's Pass, Texas 78336. qualifications seem to be that of being candidate in a basically redneck town. poor. . . . There had been some discussion It is my belief that, given a modicum of E. ROSEWOOD APTS. Impeccable, one bdrm. with OEO about the board's membership, cooperation from city council in the upper, unfurnished, central air, adults over 50 but I thought the matter was at rest. If awesome task of bringing movement to the only, $91-$120. 733-1176 San Antonio. there was some discord locally I was inertia of city bureaucracy, and with the help of the inordinate amount of bright Calvin Guest would be tickled pink if they Nixon campaign did not win, or buy, and capable talent which he will, in a did. the chicano; nor is the chicano to blame, as Camelot-like manner, attract into the ranks Dan Boyd, 1212 W. 13th, Austin, Tex. you infer, for the election of your and to the periphery of his administration, 78703. President, but rather the anglo honky that Hofheinz will have great success in went into the barrio and ghetto and urged beginning the process of finding solutions the straight Democratic ticket vote, and to the more pressing of Houston's He told us so then went back to the other side of the problems. He will then — far from being tracks and split his vote. Those of us who "lucky to get through his first term" — run In reference to your "CREEP IN LA. were closely associated with the campaign for reelection on the record of that first RAZA" and a "Salute to the El Paso of Raza Unida's Ramsey Muniz saw this administration, and — even if his next Times" in your 14 December issue, from a bird's eye view. We had opera seats! opponent is not as appallingly incompetent remember everybody in the McGovern Apparently, you are hurt because for the as the last one — will truly become Campaign assuring members of the first time in our lives we got excited about "Landslide Freddie." Observer staff that the leaders of La Raza ourselves instead of waiting for the "great Happiness is knowing that the egg on had sold themselves to CREEP while white father" to come along and help us. Molly's face if my prediction proves demanding $200,000 from the McGovern Either that, or you are challenging our accurate will make her kind of pleased .. . organization before an endorsement of right to choose our course of action. Dan Lourie, 1726 Albans, Houston, Tex. George McGovern. Those "leaders" knew Whatever the case, let me say that white 77005. that such payment would not be made, and Americans elected Nixon so don't go in fact could not be made by the attempting to put the blame on those of us McGovern organization. that see no difference in choice for La Remember everybody telling members Raza. Phooey on La Raza of the Observer staff that the "leaders" of Now for the task at hand. You have La Raza Unida were telling the members of implied, but not accused; you have left in Observer in its fine I congratulate the their caucuses that McGovern had offered question, without answering or providing investigative reporting relating to possible $100,000 for an endorsement, wherein all truth; you have used other people's La Raza Unida. links between CREEP and of those "leaders" were well aware that comments, without using your own, and in apparently, is going to start La Raza, they had already sold themselves to short, you have not presented anything holding its own primaries, and some CREEP . . . which would lend substance to your thought should be given to the effect this Remember the television attacks made inferences. will have on the Democratic primary in by La Raza Unida's Ramsey Muniz on If the people of ill will choose to drop view of the fact that it is unlawful to vote Sissy Farenthold during the governor's race the name of Raza Unida at these Watergate in two primaries. and the allegations made by Ms. hearings, that's their hang-up, not ours. We If La Raza received 200,000 votes in its Farenthold's supporters that La Raza can say, and say it with authority, primary, which is not unlikely, this would Unida and its candidate were financing deal a staggering blow to the left faction of conviction and justification, even though these attacks with money provided by the Democratic Party. This is about the we do not answer to you, that monies were margin by which Farenthold lost to Briscoe Briscoe and his supporters. not received for our campaign. Had we in 1972; if she ran in 1974 for governor, Remember the comments that it was received the monies that have been implied concurrent with a successful La Raza obvious that these shot gun attacks on and alleged. I can assure you that Ramsey primary, it would take a miracle to Sissy Farenthold for being an anglo, a Muniz would be in the governor's chair overcome the loss of a large number of woman, a Democrat and a fake liberal today. Hell yes, we have principles, anti-establishment voters to the La Raza were said to be obviously paid for by principles that are certainly a lot higher primary. conservative money inasmuch as the than those you obviously hold since you La Raza works not only to the conservative candidates were never make a mockery of the statement of detriment of anglo liberals. In 1972, the mentioned in any of these broadcasts. purpose on page two of your paper. Incidentally, why is it that when a white nearly 30,000 people who signed the legal It was obvious to even the most casual do-gooder gets a grant to set up a health petition to get La Raza on the general passerby that the "leaders" of La Raza clinic he is a humanitarian, but when we do election ballot made themselves ineligible Unida had sold themselves, the people, and it it's a political pay-off? Look in the to vote in the Democratic Primary. There their principles (if any) for conservative and mirror people! It's that kind of dualism were easily enough La Raza petition signers CREEP money. that we are fed up with. in west San Antonio to have caused the I don't recall this being mentioned in Raza Unida defeat of Joe Bernal. There were also your political intelligence section or in any Ernesto Calderon, treasurer, enough in Travis County to account for the political analysis, even though I heard it Party of Texas, P.O. Box 2053, Waco, Tex. defeat of Gonzalo Barrientos, and there are repeated in many staffers presence, by a 76703. many other chicano Democrats who have number of people, all of whom were well lost due to La Raza on the local level. known to the Observer staff. A compliment Before we all jerk our knees and applaud The comment on the El Paso Times is A bouquet to you Texas Observers for La Raza we should consider the inevitable well deserved, and it almost rivals the your piece on Leon Jaworski (Dec. 14). situation in Lubbock with the Lubbock consequences of having progressive When I first heard his name being touted elements of the Texas electorate in Avalanche Journal. for special prosecutor, a lot of discordant Mark Smith, 13061/2 Broadway, different parties. bells rang among my memories of Texas The La Raza response to all of this, of Lubbock, Tex. 79401. politics. I remember reading his name atop course, is that if chicanos choose to stay in some lists of big contributors to powerful the Democratic Party, they cannot control Democrats running in Texas. No really it. That may be true, but it is also true that Phooey on the Observer dangerous candidates, of course, but all of Ralph Yarborough, Sissy Farenthold, Bob them had — or were to have — some clout. Eckhardt, Lloyd Doggett, Molly Ivins, and You have finally moved me to the point Billie Carr do not control it. I am sure that of writing you a letter for I feel it I wasn't surprised when Nixon Ralph, Sissy, Bob, Lloyd, Molly and Billie necessary to react to your article "CREEP appointed him, but I was taken aback could get together and form a new party and La Raza." when a lot of national Democrats, who and control the hell out of it, and I also Your feeble attempt to blame ought to have known better, put aside their have no doubt that Dolph Briscoe and the chicano must be challenged for the January 18, 1974 23 demands for an independent prosecutor with its various stages from youth to Old and endorsed this snake. The whole Ah, reformers Age. . . . scenario seems a master stroke by Big A local pol named Doug Ireland once Choices are to be made about the future. Money, Chairman Sam's laud of Leon described New York's reform politics thus: Adlai Stevenson made a Call to Greatness. being the coup de grace for real reform of It was rejected then. A whole realm of campaign financing. "How do reformers assemble a shooting squad? First, they form a circle. . ." I recall Antiworlds of Projective Christian Dreams Jaworski may well go after Nixon. So? exist in the Culture of America today. The Dummies may be replaced, but the ruling this in reading about Rep. Eddie Bernice Johnson's possible challenge to State Sen. choice to me is between the Symbols of classes are not about to let a bunch of the Renaissance of American Culture and sticky laws get passed that might hamper Oscar Mauzy (Dec. 14 Observer). And I also recall what happened the last time a the Symbols of your more Repressive their funding the elective process — the Political Leaders with their Monopolies of process we folks used to have for choosing New York reformer actually carried out such a cynical and foolish idea: Bella Control of Power and Religious our representatives, remember? With Consciousness. Best of wishes. Jaworski riding herd, the special Abzug got beaten 2-1 in her egregious attempt to suggest that Rep. William F. Robert Oppenher, "Homestead," prosecutor's office will do little to aid in Stockbridge, Mass. curtailing the influence of Big Money. Ryan was somehow less radical then she. Depraved interests will continue to hold (Ryan, whose tragic death a few months (Continued from Page 2) the strings to the mindless marionettes that later opened up the seat for Abzug, was the we keep on putting into office per our TV only congressman to go on a Freedom JANUARY 24 instruction. Ride, one of the original seven to vote CHOIR BOYS — Renowned Vienna Choir Hopefully, however, your article will against Vietnam appropriations in the Boys blend their voices in concert; 8:30 p.m., spring of 1965. Just before his death he Jones Hall, Houston; also Jan. 26, Waco Hall, cause many to question the ability of Baylor University, Waco. Jaworski to work for the people rather won the fight for lead-poisoning legislation after a long, unpopular fight.) than the ruling classes. I've made some It doesn't take the MORE PERCUSSION — This time it's Dr. copies and sent them to where they'll do Observer to tell us in Larry Vanlandingham in solo recital; 8:15 p.m, some good. I hope others do the same. New York about Oscar Mauzy — he's been Roxy Grove Hall, Baylor University, Waco. waging an often lonely battle for liberalism Trey Ellison, Box 142, Stevinson, Calif. for some time, and- word reached us about 95374. BIG. THICKET FILM — If you haven't seen him some time ago. If Representative the beautiful color film, "The Big Thicket: A Johnson wants to go the way of Abzug in Vanishing Wilderness," by all means do so — if 24 The Texas Observer 1972 and defy realism and idealism in the for no other reason than to see former Sen. same breath she will only reap the Ralph Yarborough at his most personable; 7:30 inevitable results on primary day. She p.m., Laguna Gloria Art Museum, Austin. impresses me from reading about her in the COUNTRY FAIR — First (they hope it's Observer as certainly intelligent, so perhaps annual) Country Music Fair with a few of our this letter is entirely academic. country cousins: Porter Wagoner and Dolly Michael C. D. MacDonald, 72 Barrow Parton, through Jan. 25; Jerry Reed, Faron Street, New York City, 10014. Young, and Barbara Mandrell, Jan. 26; Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson and Mandrell, Jan 27; Connally as symbol Albert Thomas Convention Center, Houston. . I would now like to say a few words JANUARY 26 about the legacy of John Connally in Texas BOB & THE BAND — The big concert of the year — just TRY and scratch for a ticket — Bob since he is symbolic of things happening in Dylan with The Band (suffer, fans, suffer); 6 and Texas — of big money; of the curious 10 p.m., Hofheinz Pavilion, Houston. source of energy, oil, and of its polluting fumes. Symbolic of anti-populism; of JANUARY 27 anti-poor; of sophisticated varieties of ALBERGHETTI — When I was a kid, we called politically extremely racist policies. To me, her Anna Maria Spaghetti, but we loved her — in Texas is two things politically — fascism San Antonio Symphony Pops concert; Theater and racism or populism and honest for the Performing Arts, San Antonio. hard-hitting democracy. PIANO FORUM — Eugenia O'Reilly is The policies of this country; in fact, the chairman for Dallas Piano Forum; Museum of direction of the world in the last twenty or Fine Arts, Dallas. so years has caused a Renaissance of Hitler studies. By now Franco in Spain, for all his JANUARY 28 horrors and butcheries, does not seem so DOCTORAL CANDIDATE — This is the monstrous. Oil. Nature. Denial of self. biggie for Lester Senter, pianist, in Doctor of Know thyself? Who is John Connally? Musical Arts degree recital; 8 p.m., Music Bldg, Where does he come from? Who supports Recital Hall, University of Texas, at Austin. him? How have Texans managed to be JANUARY 29 mismanaged so much; so manipulated? Is it TAHITIAN DANCERS — Royal Tahitian by assassination? By monopoly? By a Dance Company, in performance; McFarlin conspiracy of hidden forces (maybe in oil Auditorium, Dallas. or in cattle or in the Nature of Texas) denying the Discovery of Self. SMU SYMPHONY — Joseph Frank conducts Assassinating that part of the individual SMU Symphonic Band concert; Caruth given to dreaming or to self exposure or to Auditorium, Southern Methodist University, creative enterprises rather than Dallas. pathological work and jealousies. Is it JANUARY 31 sexual? Or is it an inability to Love? To BIG BRASS — Texas Brass Choir, in concert; 8 love nature or to love God or to love the p.m., Music Bldg. Recital Hall, University of differences in peoples or to accept Life Texas, Austin.