sign in sign up
<<
Home , Alphitonia ponderosa, Alsinidendron trinerve, Bonamia menziesii, Colubrina oppositifolia, Cyanea grimesiana, Cyanea mceldowneyi

Pacific Science (1999), vol. 53, no. 4: 401-417 © 1999 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved

Hawaiian DNA Library ll: Endemic, Indigenous, and Introduced Species1

2 2 REBECCA A. RANDELL AND CLIFFORD W. MORDEN ,3

ABSTRACT: The Hawaiian Plant DNA Library of endemic and indigenous plant preserves genetic material from all Hawaiian Islands. DNA acces­ sion numbers are reported here for 155 native species representing 92 genera and 48 families. Federal status of is indicated where appli­ cable. Accessions for 71 species in 52 genera and 10 families of introduced spe­ cies are also reported. Pest and invasive species are also indicated.

OVER 86% OF HAWAIIAN spe­ genetic research (Morden et al. 1996). We cies are endemic (Wagner 1991). This as­ report an additional 883 accessions of native tounding array of endemism is unfortunately species, with 127 endemic and 28 indigenous coupled with an alarming rate of endanger­ species, in 92 genera and 48 families. The ment. Since the last publication of the Ha­ federal status of accessioned species is also waiian Plant DNA Library (HPDL) (Mor­ indicated. Accessions from 39 endangered, den et al. 1996), an additional 65 endangered five proposed endangered, and two candidate Hawaiian plant species have been registered taxa were generously provided by botanical by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1999). gardens, arboretums, and collectors doing The total of 263 endangered plant species in active research on these groups. Hawai'i comprises over 46% of the nation's Of the 4600 alien introduced to endangered plant species (cf. U.S. Fish and Hawai'i, over 891 have naturalized and 86 Wildlife Service 1999). Nearly one-half of the have become a serious threat to native eco­ species of native flora in Hawai'i is consid­ systems (Smith 1985, Vitousek et al. 1997). ered either threatened, endangered, or of Here we have also included 226 accessions concern by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from 71 representing 52 (1999; see also Wagner 1990). genera and 10 families. These collections co­ Major threats to the flora continue to incide with our attempts to understand and come in the form of direct or indirect human control these organisms in Hawai'i. In­ activities. These include habitat disturbance troduced species have been classified into and destruction, fire, and introduction of four categories: (1) of possible Polynesian in­ alien animals (feral ungulates, urvids, and troduction, .(2) alien or nonnative, (3) pest rodents), as well as invasion by alien plant ("displaying disruptive impact on the natural and invertebrate species. The HPDL project processes of native ecosystems" [Smith was begun in 1992 with the goal ofpreserving 1985]), or (4) invasive (able to penetrate and genetic material of the rapidly diminishing disrupt native communities [Smith 1985]). native flora. DNA has been acquired from remote and infrequently visited regions of the Islands as well as from more accessible loca­ MATERIALS AND METHODS tions. These collections provide a basis for Leafmaterial was collected in the field and stored in self-sealing plastic bags at 4°C until 1 Manuscript accepted 19 February 1999. processed. Voucher specimens collected by us 2 Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at were deposited at B. P. Bishop Museum Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96822. (BISH); those plants collected for us by others 3 Center for Conservation Research and Training, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawai'i have been deposited as indicated in Tables 1 96822. and 2. Isolation of total cellular DNA was 401 TABLE 1 ENDEMIC AND INDIGENOUS PLANT SPECIES FROM WHICH DNA HAs B!illN EXTRACTED (EACH ENTRY REpRESENTS ASEPARATE POPULATION, SOME OF WHICH HAVE BEEN SAMPLED ONLY ONCE, OTHERS SEVERAL TIMES, AS INDICATED BY MULTIPLE AND/OR ARANGE OF ACCESSION NUMBERS)

ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGIN" STATUSb LOCATION" VOUCHER

PTERIDOYPHYTES Asp1eniaceae 983 rhipidoneuron Rob. End Ke'amuku Flow, H C. Morden 1423 2088 Diellia erecta Brack. End E Unknown Lyon Arb.d.e MONOCOTYLEDONEAE 1682 Carex meyenii Nees Ind Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1543 1682 Fimbrystylis cymosa R. Brown Ind Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1578 2087 Gahnia gahniiformis (Gaud.) A. Heller Ind Hualalai, H C. Morden 1581 1768 M ariscus javanicus (Routt.) Merr & Ind Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn! Metcalf 1769 chinensis Nees & Meyen Ind Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn! Joinvilleaceae 1771 Joinvillea ascendens Gaud. ex Brongn. End SOC Pu'ukukui, WM Lyon Arb.d,e P14780001 & Gris. subsp. ascendens Pandanaceae 1782 Gaud. Ind Hawai'iloa Ridge Trail, 0 Lyon Arb.d.eP13380001 Poaceae Eragrostideae 1684 grandis Hillebr. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1545 Paniceae 1732 Cenchrus agrimonioides Trin. var. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1554 agrimonioides 1354 Isachne distichophylla Munro ex End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1577 Hillebr. 1683 Panicum nephelophilum Gaud. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1544 1205 Panicum torridum Gaud. End M T. Motley sn. 1294 Panicum torridum Gaud. End Ka'eo, Mo V. Caraway 4 DICOTYLEDONEAE Amaranthaceae 2105 Acharanthes splendens Mart. ex Moq. End E Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1574 1669 tomentosa Sohmer End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1531 Apocynaceae 1749 Alyxia oliviformis Gaud. End Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn! Araliaceae 1310 Tetraplasandra oahuensis (A. Gray) End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 20 Harms d e 1750 Tetraplasandra oahuensis (A. Gray) End Near Po'omau, K Lyon Arb. • L98.0059 Harms 1099 sandwicense DC subsp. End T Ha1eakala, M G. Carr 1494 macrocephalum (A. Gray) Meyrat 1192 Argyroxiphium caligens C. Forbes x End 'Eke, WM G. Carr 1457 laxa Hook. & Arnott 1178 Argyroxiphium grayanum (Hillebr.) End Upper Hana rain forest, M G. Carr 1326 Degener x Dubautia dolosa (Degener & Sherff) G. Carr 1201 Argyroxiphium grayanum (Hillebr.) End Pu'ukukui, WM G. Carr 1461 Degener x Gaud. 1189 Argyroxiphium kauense (Rock & M. End E/- MaunaLoa, H G. Carr, AK x DSCSd Neal) Degener & 1. Degener x Dubautia scabra (DC) D. Keck 1565 Argyroxiphium sandwicense DC subsp. End E/- Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 1520 sandwicense x Dubautia ciliolata (DC) D. Keck 2104 australis Less. End Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1573 1751 Artemisia mauiensis (A. Gray) Skottsb. End Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn! 1675 Eidens torta Sherff End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1536 1482 Dubautia arborea (A. Gray) D. Keck End SOC Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 1456 1566-1585 Dubautia arborea (A. Gray) D. Keck End SOC Pu'u La'au, , H R. Robichaux sn. 1481, 1483-1491 Dubautia ciliolata (DC) D. Keck End Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 1455, 1457, 1465 1545-1564 Dubautia ciliolata (DC) D. Keck End Near Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 1519 1182, 1188, 1194 St. John & G. Carr End SOC Wahiawa drainage, K G. Carr, C1411; B. Baldwin 667 d subsp. imbricata 1176 Dubautia knudsenii Hillebr. subsp. End SOC Awa'awapuhi Trail, K G. Carr 1047A filiformis 1314 (A. Gray) D. Keck End E Makaha Ridge, K V. Caraway 24 919-928 Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arnott End 'Aipo Iki Bog, K R. Robichaux, sn. 1295-1300 Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arnott End Pa1ikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 5-10 1649-1656 Dubautia menziesii (A. Gray) D. Keck End Ko'olau Gap, M M. LeGrand sn. 1191 Dubautia paleata A. Gray End Mt. Wai'a1e'a1e, K G. Carr 1263 1417-1424 Dubautia paleata A. Gray End Alaka'i Swamp, K D. Carino sn. 1195 Dubautia plantaginea Gaud. subsp. End C Blue Hole, K B. Baldwin 776 d magnifolia (Sherff) G. Carr 1301, 1303-1304 Dubautia plantaginea Gaud. End Pa1ikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 11, 13-14 929-948 Dubautia raillardioides Hil1ebr. End Pihea Trail, K R. Robichaux, sn. 1408-1416 Dubautia raillardioides Hiliebr. End Alaka'i Swamp, K D. Carino sn. 1185 Dubautia scabra (DC) D. Keck subsp. End EastM G. Carr 953 leiophylla (A. Gray) G. Carr TABLE 1 (continued)

b ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORlGIN" STATUS LOCATION" VOUCHER

1492-1544 Dubautia arborea (A. Gray) D. Keck x End Waipahoehoe Gulch, H C. Morden 1466-1518 ciliolata (DC) D. Keck 1586 Dubautia scabra (DC) D ..Keck x End Devastation Trail, H G. Carr 1520 ciliolata (DC) D. Keck 1197 Dubautia laevigata A. Gray x laxa End Kalalau Lookout, K G. Carr 1370 Hook. & Amott 1425-1434 Dubautia paleata A. Gray x End Alaka'i Swamp, K Debbie Carino sn. raillardioides Hillebr. 1179 Dubautia pauciflorula St. John & G. End Wahiawa Bog, K G. Carr 1329 Carr x raillardioides Hillebr. 1098 Dubautia pauciflorula St. John & G. End Wahiawa drainage, K G. Carr 1329 Carr x raillardioides Hillebr. 1302, 1305 Dubautia plantaginea Gaud. x laxa End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 12, 15 Hook. & Amott 1291 Gnaphalium sandwicensium Gaud. var. End SOC Mo'omomi dunes, Mo V. Caraway 1 molokaiense Degener & Sherif 1731 Hesperomannia arbuscula Hillebr. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1553 1960-1968 Hesperomannia arbuscula Hillebr. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arb. PH 4-12 2100 lobata (Gaud.) DC End Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1569 987 Lipochaeta subcordata A. Gray End Ke'amuku Flow, H C. Morden 1426 1752 Tetramolopium filiforme Sherif var. End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. sn! polyphyllum (Sherif) Lowrey 1293 Tetramolopium rockii Sherif End T Ka'eo, Mo V. Caraway 3 1097 gymnoxiphium A. Gray End K5ke'e (2100 ft), K D. Howarth 2-96 1200 St. John End E Polihale Ridge, K Witter 784 1753 Clermontia drepanomorpha Rock End E Hamakua Ditch Trail, H Lyon Arb.d,e P0383001 1393 Clermontia kakeana Meyen End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1542 1754 acuminata (Gaud.) Hillebr. End E North of Poamoho Sum., 0 Lyon Arb.d,e P1591001 1755 Cyanea asplenifolia (H. Mann.) Hillebr. End PE KIpahulu Valley, M Lyon Arb.d,e P0893001 1756 Cyanea copelandii Rock subsp. halea- End PE Waikamoi Flume, M Lyon Arb.d,e P0386001 kalaensis (St. John) Lammers 1757 Cyanea dunbarii Rock End E Mokomoko Gulch, Mo Lyon Arb.d,e P1645002 1758 Cyanea glabra (F. Wimmer) St. John End PE Kaua'ula Valley, WM Lyon Arb.d,e P0584 1759 Cyanea grimesiana Gaud. subsp. obatae End E Kaluakauila Gulch, 0 Lyon Arb.d,e P0296001 (St. John) Lammers 1760 Cyanea macrostegia Hillebr. End Hauola Gulch, L Lyon Arb.d,e P1560001 1761 Rock End E Waikamoi Flume Road, M Lyon Arb.d,e P0089 1762 Cyanea pinnatifida (Cham.) F, Wimmer End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d,e P2510001 1763 Cyanea shipmanii Rock End E Upper Waiakea FR, H Lyon Arb.d.e P2020001 1764 Cyanea stictophylla Rock End E Kiilani, H Lyon Arb.d.e PI768001 982 Lobelia yuccoides Hillebr. End SOC Palikea Trail, 0 T. Motley sn. 1765 Lobelia yuccoides Hillebr. End SOC Kekaha Ditch Trail, K Lyon Arb.d,e PI229001 1766 trinerve H. Mann End E Mt. Ka'ala Gulch, 0 Lyon Arb.d.e PI7160002 Celastraceae 1972 Perrottetia sandwicensis A. Gray End Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arb. sn, Chenopodiaceae 2097 Chenopodium oahuensis (Meyen) Aellen End Ka'enaPt., 0 C. Morden 1566 1767 menziesii A. Gray End Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d.e PI230001 1292 Cressa truxillensis Kunth Ind Hale 0 Lono, Mo V. Caraway 2 Cucurbitaceae 2103 Sicyos waimanaloensis St. John End Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1572 Cuscutaceae 2098 Cuscuta sandwichiana Choisy Iud Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1567 Ericaceae 1690 Vaccinium calycinum Sm. End Pu'u Maka'ala, H C. Morden 1550 1355 Vaccinium dentatum Sm. End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1578 1313 Vaccinium reticulatum Sm. End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 23 Euphorbiaceae 1311 Antidesma pulvinatum Hillebr. End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 21 2099 Chamaesyce celastroides (Boiss.) End E Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1568 Croizat & Degener 1353 Chamaesyce clusiifolia (Hook. & End SOC Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1576 Arnott) Arth. 2108 Chamaesyce degeneri (Sherif) Croizat End Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1577 & Degener 1678 sandwicense Mill!. Arg. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1539 Fabaceae 997-998 A. Gray End Koke'e (2100 ft), K D. Howarth 6-96, 7-96 1101-1102 Acacia koa A. Gray End 0 J. Sakuoka sn. 1480 Acacia koa A. Gray End Kipahulu Valley, M S. Anderson sn. 1733-1748 Acacia koa A. Gray End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1555 1871-1886 Acacia koa A. Gray End Hawai'iloa Ridge, 0 C. Felling 1-16 1887-1902 Acacia koa A. Gray End Kahana Valley, 0 C. Felling 17-32 1928-1943 Acacia koa A. Gray End Koke'e, K C. Felling 58-73 1944-1959 Acacia koa A. Gray End Napali, K C. Felling 74-89 1980-2004 Acacia koa A. Gray End Makaha Ridge, K C. Felling 33-57 2005-2020 Acacia koa A. Gray End Bird Park, Hawai'i Volcanoes NP, H C. Felling 90-105 2021-2036 Acacia koa A. Gray End Laupahoehoe, H C. Felling 106-121 2037-2052 Acacia koa A. Gray End Waimea Sanctuary, H C. Felling 122-137 981 Caesalpinia kavaiensis H. Mann End E UH Botany Garden, 0 Unknown source TABLE 1 (continued)

b ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGIN" STATUS LOCATION" VOUCHER

d e 1770 Caesalpinia kavaiensis H. Mann End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. • L98.0012 1587-1589 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End Kaho'olawe M. LeGrande sn. 1590-1597 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End Pukalani, M M. LeGrande sn. 1598-1599 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End East Mo M. LeGrande sn. 1600-1607 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End Koko Crater, 0 M. LeGrande sn. 1657-1667 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End Makakilo,O C. Morden 1548 1668 Erythrina sandwicensis Degener End National Trop. Bot. Garden, K K. sn" 1315 Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K. End PE Kaho'olawe Ken Wood 2146 Wood 2110 Sesbania tomentosa Hook. & Arnott End E Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1579 2111 Sesbania tomentosa Hook. & Arnott End EM A. Bakutis sn" Flacourtiaceae 985-986 hawaiiense Seem. End Ke'limuku Flow, H C. Morden 1425 Geraniaceae 1609 Geranium multiflorum A. Gray End E Haleakalli, M C. Morden 1529 993 gaudichaudiana Cham. End Klihili (3000 ft), K D. Howarth 1-96 994-996 Scaevola gaudichaudii Hook. & Arnott End K5ke'e (2100 ft), K D. Howarth 3-96, 4-96, 5-96 Hydrangeaceae 1352 Broussaisia arguta Gaud. End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1575 Larniaceae d e 1772 Phyllostegia hispida Hillebr. End C Hanalilolilo, Mo Lyon Arb. • P06770009 d e 1773 Phyllostegia mollis Benth. End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. • L93.0512 2113 Plectranthes parviflorus Willd. Ind Kanaio NAR, M C. Morden 1558 d e 1774 bifida Hillebr. End E East Kawela Gulch, Mo Lyon Arb. • P1596002 d e 1775 Stenogyne kaalae Wawra End 0 Lyon Arb. • P19860002 Lauraceae 1362 Cryptocarya mannii Hillebr. End Alaka'i Trail, K T. Motley 1419 989-990 cyrtandrae (Baill.) St. John End E Schofield Barracks, 0 T. Motley 1604-1605 1150-1152 Labordia hedyosmifolia Bail!. End Hawai'i Volcanoes NP, H T. Motley 1116-1118 1153-1162, Labordia hedyosmifolia Baill. End Kipahulu Valley, M T. Motley 1592-1603 1406-1407 1399-1402 Labordia hedyosmifolia Bail!. End Hana'u1a, M T. Motley 1584-1587 1403-1404 Labordia hirtella H. Mann End Hana'ula, M T. Motley 1588-1589 1380-1392 Labordia hosakana (Sherff) W. L. End SOC 'Aiea Ridge, 0 T. Motley 1560-1572 Wagner, Herbst & Sohmer 1356-1358 Labordia kaalae C. Forbes End SOC Palikea,O T. Motley 1212-1214 1359 Labordia sessilis A. Gray End Poamoho,O T. Motley 1251 1903 Labordia tinifolia A. Gray End Mt. Ka'ala, 0 C. Morden 1903 1364-1379 Labordia tinifolia A. Gray End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1544-1559 1360 Labordia triflora Hillebr. End PE Kua Gulch, Mo T. Motley 1256 1394-1398 Labordia venosa Sherif End Hana'ula, M T. Motley 1579-1583 1405 Labordia hosakana (Sherif) W. L. End E/- 'Aiea Ridge + Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1591 Wagner, Herbst & Sohmer (f) x tinifolia A. Gray (m) 1123-1124 distans L. Bishop & End E Waimea Canyon, K Lyon Arb! Waimea Gard. Arb! Herbst 1127-1129 Hibiscadelphus giffardianus Rock End E,X KIpukapuaulu, Hawai'i Volcanoes L. Pratt sn. NP,H 1125-1126 Hibiscadelphus hualalaiensis Rock End E,X Waimea Botanical Garden, 0 Waimea Bot. Gard. sn! 1130-1132 Hibiscadelphus woodii Lorence & W. L. End E Kalalau Valley, K S. Montgomery sn. Wagner 1776 Hibiscus arnottianus A. Gray End Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb! L95.0585 d e 1777 Hibiscus arnottianus A. Gray subsp. End E Waihanau Valley, Mo Lyon Arb. • L96.0128 immaculatus (M. Roe) D. Bates d e 1779 Hibiscus clayi Degener & 1. Degener End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. • L70.0367 d e 1778 Hibiscus kokio Hillebr. ex Wawra End SOC K Lyon Arb. • L95.0253 subsp. saintjohnianus (M. Roe) D. Bates d e 1780 Kokia drynarioides (Seem.) Lewton End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb. • L95.0383 d e 1781 (Rock) Degener & End E Koai'e Canyon, K Lyon Arb. • L93.0403 Duve1 Menispermaceae 2089 Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC Ind T Kula, M C. Morden 1559 1680 pendulinus (Endl.) F. v. Muell. Ind Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1541 1686 StrebIus pendulinus (Endl.) F. v. Muel!. Ind UH Campus, 0 C. Morden 1547 1689 (Endl.) F. v. Mue1!. Ind Waimea Botanical Garden, 0 Waimea Bot. Gard. 77p467 e Myrsinaceae 1361 linearifolia Hosaka End T K5ke'e, K T. Motley 1409 2053-2055 polymorpha Gaud. End Poamoho trail, 0 S. Grose 21-23 2061-2062 Gaud. End Young flow, H S. Grose 29-30 2063-2064 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Old lava flow, H S. Grose 31-32 2065-2067 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Young lava flow, 701 m, H S. Grose 33-35 2068-2069 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Old lava flow, 701 m, H S. Grose 36-37 2070-2071 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Young lava flow, 1280 m, H S. Grose 38-39 2072 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Young lava flow, 2500 m, H S. Grose 40 2073 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. End Old lava flow, 2500 m, H S. Grose 41 2059 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. var. End Poamoho trail, 0 S. Grose 27 glaberima (H. Lev.) St. John TABLE I (continued)

b ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGIN" STATUS LOCATION" VOUCHER

2057 Metrosideros polymorpha Gaud. val. End Poamoho trail, 0 S. Grose 25 polymorpha 2058 A. Gray End Poarnoho trail, 0 S. Grose 26 2056 Metrosidetos tremuloides (A. Keller) P. End Poarnoho trail, 0 S. Grose 24 Kunth Nyctaginaceae 1676 Pisonia brunoniana End!. Ind Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1537 Piperaceae 1351 ellipticibacca C. DC End Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1574 1783 Peperomia hesperomannii Wawra End Waikamoi Flume Road, M Lyon Arb.d,e L95,263 2112 Peperomia leptostachya Hook. & Ind Kanaio NAR, M C. Morden 1556 Arnott 2114 Peperomia leptostachya Hook. & Ind Ke5kea, M C. Morden 1560 Amott 1784 Peperomia sandwicensis Miq. End Palawai Gulch, 0 Lyon Arb.d,e L96.0002 1674 Peperomia tetraphylla (G, Forster) Ind Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1535 Hook & Arnott Plumbaginaceae 2102 Plumbago zeylandica L. Ind Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1571 Portulacaceae 2106 Portulaca lutea Sol. ex G. Forster Ind Ka'enaPt.,O C. Morden 1575 Primulaceae 1970 Lysmachia hillebrandii J. D. Hook ex End Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arboretum sn, A. Gray 1785 Lysimachia maxima (R. Knuth) St. End E Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb,d.e L94.0011 John 1236-1260 ponderosa Hillebl. End Makaha Ridge Rd., K J. Kwon sn. 1261-1265 Hillebr. End Miloli'i Ridge Rd., K J. Kwon sn. 1266-1268 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End K5ke'e Rd" K J. Kwon sn, 1269-1279 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Nu'alolo Trail, K J. Kwon sn. 1280-1284 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Awa'awapuhi Trail, K J. Kwon sn, 1285-1289 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Auwahi-Kanaio FR, East M J. Kwon sn, 1290 Alphitonia ponderosa Hillebl. End Makaleha Valley, 0 J. Kwon sn, 949-963 oppositifolia Brongn, ex H. End E Makaleha Valley, 0 J. Kwon sn. Mann 964-978 Brongn. ex H, End E North Kona, H J. Kwon sn. Mann 1213-1216 Colubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E Uhiuhi Excl., N Kona, H J. Kwon sn. Mann 1217-1221 Co/ubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E PWW Exc\., N. Kona, H J. Kwon sn. Mann 1222-1231 Co/ubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E Hualalai Ranch, H J. Kwon sn. Mann 1232-1234 Co/ubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E Manuwai Gulch, 0 J. Kwon sn. Mann 1235 Co/ubrina oppositifolia Brongn. ex H. End E Kapunakea (TNCH), WM J. Kwon sn. Mann 1969 meyenii Steud. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arb. sn. 1679 Gouania vitifolia A. Gray End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1540 1608 Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne End Hosmer Grove, M C. Morden 1527 subsp. sandwicensis (Decne.) Staudt 1136 hawaiensis A. Gray End Ha1eakala, M P. Welton sn. 1316-1330 A. Gray End Hakalau, H P. Hart sn. 1338 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Lower shelf, KIpahulu, M S. Anderson sn. 1631-1640 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Hosmer Grove, M C. Morden 1526 1641-1648 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Pu'unianiau, M C. Morden 1528 1691-1709 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Pu'u Maka'a1a, H C. Morden 1551 1710-1728 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray End Pu'uhuluhulu, H C. Morden 1552 1135 Rubus macraei A. Gray End Ha1eaka1a, M P. Welton sn. 1138-1139, Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray x rosifolius Haleakala, M P. Welton sn. 1208-1212 Sm. 1331-1337 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray x rosifolius Lower shelf, KIpahulu, M S. Anderson sn. Sm. 1455-1479 Rubus hawaiensis A. Gray x rosifolius KIpahulu Valley, M S. Anderson sn. Sm. Rubiaceae 1306 /ongifolia A. Gray End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 16 1787-1789 Cardenia mannii St. John & Kuyken- End E Pe'ahinai'a, 0 Lyon Arb!·e P10500001, dall Pl1920001, P11930001 1790 littoralis (Hillebr.) Fosb. End SOC Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d.e Pl1780007 1791 Hedyotis /ittoralis (Hillebr.) Fosb. End SOC Lyon Arboretum collections Lyon Arb.d.e P178 1000 Hedyotis terminalis (Hook. & Arnott) End Alaka'i Swamp, K D. Howarth 12-96 W. L. Wagner & Herbst 1350 Nertera granadensis (L. fil.) Druce Ind Tantalus, 0 T. Motley 1573 1786 Psydrax odoratum (G. Forster) A. C. Ind Wailupe Ridge, 0 Lyon Arb.d.e L96.0208 Sm. & S. Darwin 2101 Psydrax odoratum (G. Forster) A. C. Iud Ka'enaPt., 0 C. Morden 1570 Sm. & S. Darwin Santalaceae 1312 Exocarpus gaudichaudii A. DC End SOC Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 22 1363 Santa/um ellipticum Gaud. End Koke'e, K T. Motley 1425 TABLE 1 (continued)

b ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGIN" STATUS LOCATION" VOUCHER

Sapindaceae 1677 Alectryon macrococcus Radlk. var. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arboretum sn. macrococcus 1971 Alectryon macrococcus Radlk. var. End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arboretum sn. macrococcus 999 Jaqu. Ind K6ke'e (2100 ft), K D. Howarth 8-96 980 oahuensis Hillebr. ex Radlk. End UH Botany Garden, 0 Unknown source Scrophulariaceae 1134 Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Ind UH, Manoa, 0 C. Morden 1439 Solanaceae 2107 Lycium sandwicense A. Gray Ind Ka'ena Pt., 0 C. Morden 1577 Thymelaeaceae 1308 Wikstroemia oahuensis (A. Gray) Rock End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 18 1120 grandis (Hook. & Arnott.) End Manoa Cliffs Trail, 0 W. Loeffler sn. A. Heller 918 sandwicensis (Wedd.) End P6hakuloa, H C. Morden sn. Wedd. 1307 albidus (Hook. & Amott.) A. End Palikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 17 Gray 1121-1122 (Hook. & Amott.) A. End Manoa Cliffs Trail, 0 W. Loeffler sn. Gray 1670 Pipturus albidus (Hook. & Arnott.) A. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1532 Gray 979 latifolia Gaud. End Manoa Valley, 0 W. Loeffler sn. 1103-1112 Touchardia lalifolia Gaud. End Waiahole,O W. Loeffler sn. 1113-1119 Touchardia lalifolia Gaud. End Manoa Cliffs Trail, 0 W. Loeffler sn. 1140-1141 Gaud. End I Hope Road, H W. Loeffler sn. 1142-1149 Touchardia lalifolia Gaud. End Pua'aka'a State Park, M W. Loeffler sn. 1163-1166 Touchardia latifolia Gaud. End Makapipi Stream, M W. Loeffler sn. 1167-1169 Touchardia latifolia Gaud. End Kiihiwa Gulch, M W. Loeffler sn. 1672-1673 glabra (Hook. & Amott) Wedd. End Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1534 1671 Wawra End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1533 d e 2085-2086 Urera kaalae Wawra End E Wai'anae Kai, 0 Lyon Arb. • Verbenaceae 1730 Vitex rotundifolia L. til. Ind UH Botany Garden, 0 Unknown source Vio1aceae 1309 Viola chamissoniana Ging. subsp. End E Pa1ikea Trail, 0 V. Caraway 19 chamissoniana Zygophyllaceae 2096 Tribulus cistoides L. Ind Mokule'ia, 0 Morden 1565

• End, endemic; Ind, indigenous bE, endangered; E/-, hybrid individual with parental taxa listed endangered and nonendangered; X, extinct in wild; PE, proposed endangered; T, threatened; C, candidate; SOC, species of concern. 'H, Hawai'i; K, Kaua'i; L, Lana'i; M, ; Mo, Moloka'i; 0, O'ahu; WM, West Maui. d Greenhouse-grown material. •Material obtained from botanical gardens or arboretums. TABLE 2 INTRODUCED PLANT SPECIES FROM WmCR DNA HAs BEEN EXTRACfED

ACCESSION NO. SPECmS ORIGINa STATUS b LOCATION' VOUCHER

~ONOCOTYLEDONEAE Cyperaceae 380 Eleocharis radicans (poir.) Kunth Nat A Poamoho trail, 0 C. ~orden 1267 Poaceae Andropogoneae 119 Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Nat A South Kona, H C. ~orden 11 00 182 Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1157 190 Coix lachrymajobi L. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1165 343, 349 Dichanthium aristatum (poir.) Hubb. Nat A Queen's Beach, 0 C. ~orden 1282, 1290 129 Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf Nat A South Kona, H C. ~orden 1110 260 Saccharum spontaneum L. Nat A LIhu'e, K C. ~orden 1184 264 Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Nat P LIhu'e, K C. ~orden 1188 991 Themeda villosa (poir.) A. Camus Nat P Hilo Bay, H T. ~ot1ey sn. Arundineae 117 Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult) Asch. & Graebner Nat? A Kona, H C. ~orden 1098 Aveneae 568 Anthoxanthum odoratum L. Nat P Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1334 406 A vena fatua L. Nat A Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1314 399 Holcus lanatus L. Nat P Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1307 173 Holcus lanatus L. Nat P ~aunaLoa, H C. ~orden 1146 415 Koeleria nitida Nutl. Nat A ~auna Kea, H C. ~orden 1322 Bromeae 174 Bromus rigidus Roth Nat A ~aunaLoa, H C. ~orden 1147 408 Bromus willdenowii Kunth Nat A Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1315B CWorideae 183 Chloris barbata (L.) Sw. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1158 185 Chloris radiata (L.) Sw. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1160 195 Chloris virgata Sw. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1170 341 Chloris virgata Sw. Nat P Queen's Beach, 0 C. ~orden 1279 187 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1162 188 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. ~orden 1163 131 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. Nat P South Kona, H C. ~orden 1112 Danthonieae 412 Danthonia pilosa R. Br. Nat A ~aunaKea, H C. ~orden 1319 Ehrharteae 386 calycina Eckl. ex Nees Nat A Pohakuloa, H C. ~orden 1294 204 Ehrharta erecta Lam. Nat A Kula, ~ C. ~orden 1180 307 Ehrharta stipiodes Labill. Nat P Kula,~ C. ~orden 1213 Eragrostideae 161 Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nat A South Kona, H C. Morden 1132 184 Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1159 198 Leptochloa uninervia (K. Presl) Hitchc. & Chase Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1174 192 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1167 143 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. Nat P South Kona, H C. Morden 1123 Paniceae 294 Axonopusfissifolius (Raddi) KuWm. Nat P Mt. Ka'ala, 0 C. Morden 1207 191 Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1166 265 Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchc. Nat P Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1189 203 Cenchrus ciliaris L. Nat P Kula, M C. Morden 1179 171 Cenchrus echinatus L. Nat P MaunaLoa, H C. Morden 1148 193 Cenchrus echinatus L. Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1168 146 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Nat P South Kona, H C. Morden 1126 186 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1161 262,266 Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler Nat P Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1186, 1190 110 Digitaria insularis (L.) Mez ex Ekman Nat P South Kona, H C. Morden 1091 194 Digitaria radicosa (pres\.) Miq. Nat? A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1169 259 Digitaria violascens Link Nat P Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1183 196 Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1171 197 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1172 268 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Nat A Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1192 336 Eriochloapunctata (L.) Desv. ex W. Ham. Nat A Queen's Beach, 0 C. Morden 1273 128 Melinis minutifiora P. Beauv. Nat I South Kona, H C. Morden 1109 126 Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. Nat I South Kona, H C. Morden 1107 125 Panicum maximum Jacq. Nat I South Kona, H C. Morden 11 06 267 Paspalumfimbriatum Kunth Nat P Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1191 261 Paspalum urvillei Steud. Nat I Lihu'e, K C. Morden 1185 202 Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov. Nat I Kula, M C. Morden 1178 206 Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Nat A Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1173 120 Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Nat I South Kona, H C. Morden 1101 130 Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) Hubb. Nat A South Kona, H C. Morden 1111 172 Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase Nat P Rain forest, H C. Morden 1143 295 Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase Nat P Mt. Ka'ala, 0 C. Morden 1208 175 Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv. Nat A Manoa, 0 C. Morden 1155 181 Setaria gracilis Kunth Nat P Bellows AFB, 0 C. Morden 1156 271 Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze Nat A Kailua Beach, 0 C. Morden 1193 317 Urochloa reptans Stapf Nat A Kawainui Swamp, 0 C. Morden 1221 Poaeae 383 Dactylis glomerata L. Nat P Pohakuloa, H C. Morden 1291 413 Poa compressa L. Nat? A Mauna Kea, H C. Morden 1320 170 Vulpia bromoides (L.) S. F. Gray Nat A MaunaLoa, H C. Morden 1144 Stipeae 395 Stipa cernua Stebb. & A. Love Nat A Pohakuloa, H C. Morden 1303 TABLE 2 (continued) --- ACCESSION NO. SPECIES ORIGINa STATUSb LOCATION' VOUCHER

Zoysieae 611 Tragus berteronianus Schult. Nat A Kailua, 0 T. Motley sn. DICOTYLEDONEAE Convolvulaceae 1435-1446 Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Pol Amy Greenwell Ace. # 95.031,95.036, Botanical Garden, H 95.035,95.020,95.037, 95.038, 95.019, 95.039- Malvaceae 1729 Gossypium barbadense L. Nat A UH Botany Garden, 0 Unknown source- Moraceae 1685 Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Venten. Pol UH Botany Garden, 0 C. Morden 1546- 1688 Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Venten. Pol Waimea Botanical Garden, 0 Waimea Bot. Gard. 75s2127- Myricaeeae 179 Myricafaya Aiton Nat I Hawai'i Volcanoes NP, H D. Gardner sn. 177 Myricaftiya Aiton Nat I K.11auea, H C. Morden 1142 Myrtaceae 1793-1809 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Degener Nat I Manoa Cliffs Trail, 0 C. Morden 1549 1810-1819 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Degener Nat I Manuka, H R. Okino sn. 1854-1866 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Degener Nat I Maunawili Heights, 0 C. Morden 1552 1904-1916, Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. cattleianum Degener Nat I Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1562 1973-1974 1830-1838 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi.) Fosb. Nat I Manuka, H R. Okino sn. 1839-1853 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi.) Fosb. Nat I Maunawili Heights, 0 C. Morden 1551 1918-1927, 1975 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. littorale (Raddi.) Fosb. I Wai'anae Kai, 0 C. Morden 1563 1820-1829 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. lucidum (Degener) Fosb. Nat I Kiilani, H R. Okino sn. 1917, 1976-1979 Psidium cattleianum Sabine var. lucidum (Degener) Fosb. Nat I Laupahoehoe, H R. Okino sn. 1867-1870 Psidium guajava L. Nat I Maunawili Heights, 0 C. Morden 1550 Rosaceae 1133 Rubus argutus Link Nat I Hawai'i Volcanoes NP, H D. Gardner sn. 2090 Rubus discolor Weihe & Nees Nat I Lanipo trail, 0 C. Morden 1582 270 Rubus ellipticus Sm. Nat I H D. Howarth sn. 306 Rubus niveus Thunb. Nat P Kula,M C. Morden 1212 258 Sm. Nat P Hanalei, K C. Morden 1182 269 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P H D. Howarth sn. 1137 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P Haleakalii, M P. Welton sn. 1611-1619 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P HanaHwy, M C. Morden 1523 1620-1622 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P HiinaHwy, M C. Morden 1524 1623-1630 Rubus rosifolius Sm. Nat P HanaHwy, M C. Morden 1525 Rubiaceae 2074 Morinda citrifolia L. Pol UH Botany Dept! Unknown source Solanaceae 308 Nicotiana glauca R. C. Graham Nat A Kula,M C. Morden 1214

"Nat, naturalized; Nat?, introduced, possibly naturalized; Pol, of possible Polynesian introduction. b A, alien; P, pest; I, invasive. 'H, Hawai'i; K, Kaua'i; L, Liina'i; M, Maui; Mo, Moloka'i; 0, O'ahu; WM, West Maui. d Material obtained from botanical gardens or arboretums. 416 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Volume 53, October 1999

performed using a modified CTAB extraction censis) are greatfu1ly acknowledged for pro­ procedure (Morden et al. 1996). All DNA is viding tissue for DNA accessions used in this maintained at 20°e. study. We thank Dawn Adams, Candace Felling, Susan Grose, James Kwon, Maya LeGrande, Lydi Morgan, and Tim Motley for collections, DNA extractions, and con­ RESULTS AND DISCUSSION tinued efforts in the field. Recent and ongoing research on both na­ tive and introduced species has augmented accessions of DNA samples. Population LITERATURE CITED studies utilizing the DNA stored in the HPDL are being performed on Acacia koa, HOWARTH, D. G., D. E. GARDNER, and e. Alphitonia ponderosa, Colubrina oppositifolia, W. MORDEN. 1997. Phylogeny of Rubus Erythrina sandwicensis, Haplostachys haplo­ subgenus Idaeobatus (Rosaceae) and its stachya (Morden and Loeffler 1999), Tou­ implications toward colonization of the chardia latifolia (Loeffler 1997), and Psidium Hawaiian Islands. Syst. Bot. 22: 433-441. cattleianum. Likewise, continuing studies on LOEFFLER, W. 1997. Historical ethnobotany, the evolutionary consequences of hybridiza­ modem processing techniques and popu­ tion in the Hawaiian flora that are being lation biology of olana, Touchardia conducted on species in the genera Dubautia latifolia Gaud (Urticaceae). M.S. thesis, and Rubus make use of these materials. Phy­ University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Hono­ logenetic studies based on this library of lulu. DNA also continue in the family Urticaceae MORDEN, C. W., and W. LOEFFLER. 1999. and in the genera Rubus (Howarth et al. Fragmentation and genetic differentiation 1997, Weniger 1997), Labordia, and Metro­ among subpopulations of the endangered sideros. Hawaiian mint Haplostachys haplostachya Efforts to collect and extract DNA from '(Larniaceae). Mol. Ecol. 8: 617-625. endemic Hawaiian species will continue in the MORDEN, C. W., V. CARAWAY, and T. J. future. We encourage tissue contributions. MOTLEY. 1996. Development of a DNA Those interested in pursuing research involv­ library for native Hawaiian plants. Pac. ing DNA accessions listed herein may con­ Sci. 50: 324-335. tact us to obtain aliquots of these materials. SMITH, e. W. 1985. Impact of alien plants on Hawai'i's native biota. Pages 180-250 in C. P. Stone and J. M. Scott, eds. Hawai'i's ACKNOWLEDGMENTS terrestrial ecosystems: Preservation and management. Cooperative National Park We thank Vicki Caraway (Center for Resources Studies Unit, Honolulu. Plant Conservation, Hawai'i), Gerald Carr U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1999. U.S. (University of Hawai'i Department of Bot­ Fish and Wildlife Service endangered any), Winona Char (Char Associates), Joel species home page (http://www.fws.govj Lau (The Nature Conservancy of Hawai'i), rgendsppjendspp.html). 31 March. Steve Montgomery, Linda Pratt (Hawai'i VITOUSEK, P. M., e. M. D'ANTONIO, L. L. Volcanoes National Park), Karen Shiga­ LOOPE, M. REJMANEK, and R. WEST­ matsu, and Nelli Sugii (Lyon Arboretum) for BROOKS. 1997. Introduced species: A sig­ assistance with collections and identification. nificant component of human-caused The Amy Greenwell Ethnobotanical Garden global change. N. Z. J. Ecol. 21 : 115. (Captain Cook, Hawai'i), Lyon Arboretum WAGNER, W. L. 1990. Summary and brief (Manoa, O'ahu), Waimea Botanical Garden analysis of the flora. Pages 3-6 in W. L. (Haleiwa, O'ahu), and the National Tropical Wagner, D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. Botanical Garden (Lawai, Kaua'i, for Kana­ Manual of the flowering plants of Ha­ loa kahoolawensis and Erythrina sandwi- wai'i. 2 vols. Bishop Mus. Spec. Publ. 83. Hawaiian Plant DNA Library II-RANDELL AND MORDEN 417

University of Hawai'i Press and Bishop WENIGER, D. 1997. Biogeography and sys­ Museum Press, Honolulu. tematics of some Pacific Rubus species: ---. 1991. Evolution of waif floras: A Investigating the evolutionary history of comparison of the Hawaiian and Mar­ the Hawaiian endemic raspberry Rubus quesan Archipelagoes. Pages 267-284 in macraei. M.S. thesis, University of Ha­ E. C. Dudley, ed. The unity of evolution­ wai'i at Miinoa, Honolulu. ary biology. Dioscorides Press, Portland, Oregon.