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1Ère De Couv AFGHANISTAN 2009 # 17 generalDOCTRINE military review TTHEHE CCOMMITMENTOMMITMENT OFOF FFRENCHRENCH LLANDAND FFORCESORCES ININ AAFGHANISTANFGHANISTAN Table of contents # 17 Editorial p. 4/5 Support Afghanistan, Presentation p. 6/13 «Not a Single Step Without Support...» p. 44/46 The Engagement of a Combined Arms Task Force Doctrine The Task Force CHIMERE in Kapisa p. 47/50 Counterinsurgency and the Stabilization Phase p. 14/16 The RC-C French Helicopter Detachment p. 51/53 The Role of Simulation When Preparing Task-Forces before Deployments p. 17/18 Force Protection IED Warfare Doctrine: an Ever Evolving Doctrine p. 19/21 The IEDs Evolution in Afghanistan in 2008 p. 54/55 The Legal Bases for the Commitment in Afghanistan p. 22/24 C.IED among the Allies A Still Confidential Field for Some Countries p. 56/58 Experiences and Feedback Operational Preparation for Deployment The Operational Preparation Before Deployment (MCP) Historical Afghanistan, a Strong Investment for Land Forces p. 59/62 Afghanistanfrom a Geopolitical and Historical Perspective (Late 19th Century - Early 20th Century) p. 25/27 Lessons Learned/NATO International HQ The Soviet Intervention (1978-1984) p. 28/29 Political Adviser to the Force Commander in Afghanistan: A Specific Role at Politico-Strategic Level p. 63/65 Political-military The Operational Command: «POLADs» (Political Advisors): Expertise and Confidence p. 30/32 the Inevitable Tool for Counterinsurgency p. 66/67 The Political-Military Context, the Management of French The Operational Communication in Afghanistan: Nationals and Cooperation Operations in Afghanistan p. 33/36 Taking up the Challenge of the Communication «War» p. 68/70 Command/commitment Logistique Support The Multinational Mission for the Kabul Command and the New Challenge in Surobi p. 37/40 The Logistic Support Challenge in Afghanistan p. 71/75 Controlling the Environment to Overwhelm the Enemy p. 41/43 A HQ and Logistics Battalion (BCS) for PAMIR p. 76/77 Table of contents # 17 Medical Support Foreign Studies Two Months Spent as a Reserve Medical Officer in Kabulp. 78/80 The Bundeswehr in Afghanistan Situation Mission and Assets With Particular Attention Medical Support of Troops on the Afghan Theater Paid to Employment of the Army p. 97/99 and its Multinational Environment p. 81/85 US Army Logistics in Afghanistan p. 100/104 ANA Training The British Perspective Experiences As An Operational Mentoring Operation EPIDOTE: an Additional Aspect or the Cornerstone And Liaison Team Commander in Afghanistan 2007p. 105/110 of the French Deployment in Afghanistan ? p. 86/87 OMLTs: a Relevant Concept p. 88/90 Freedom of Speech CIMIC and NGOs The British Military Experience in Helmand (2006-2009)p. 111/112 Civil-Military Cooperation in Afghanistan p. 91/94 NATO Countering Improvised Explosive Devices (C-IED)p. 113/115 Basis for and Lessons Learned from Agricultural Tasks Account and Geostrategic Analysis Performed by AFRANE in Afghanistan p. 95/96 in Afghanistan During the First Semester 2008 p. 116/119 Directeur de la publication : Général (2S) Claude Koessler - Rédactrice en chef : Capitaine Gwenaëlle Denonin : 01 44 42 35 91 Diffusion, relations avec les abonnés : Major Catherine Bréjeon : 01 44 42 43 18 Relecture des traductions : LCL Luc Henrot : 01 44 42 51 48 Mel : [email protected] Traductions : LCL (CR) Bruno Guyot de Saint-Michel - COL (CR) Gérald Joncheray - LCL (CR) Jean-Claude Laloire - LCL (R) Jean-François Palard Révision des traductions : LCL (R) Donatien Lebastard Maquette : Christine Villey : 01 44 42 59 86 - Création : amarena Crédits photos : 1ère & 4ème de couverture : LCL Pascal Philippeau DREX/CDEF - Schémas : Nanci Fauquet : 01 44 42 81 74 Diffusion : établissement de diffusion, d’impression et d’archives du commissariat de l’armée de terre de Saint-Etienne Impression : Imprimerie BIALEC - 95 boulevard d’Austrasie - BP 10423 - 54001 Nancy cedex Tirage : 2 500 exemplaires - Dépôt légal : à parution ISSN : 1959-6359 - Tous droits de reproduction réservés. Revue trimestrielle : Conformément à la loi «informatique et libertés» n° 78-17 du 6 janvier 1978, le fichier des abonnés à DOCTRINE a fait l’objet d’une déclaration auprès de la CNIL, enregistrée sous le n° 732939. Le droit d’accès et de rectification s’effectue auprès du CDEF. Centre de Doctrine d’Emploi des Forces - 21, place Joffre - 75700 PARIS SP 07 Web : www.cdef.terre.defense.gouv.fr Mel : [email protected] Editorial - Parliament’s vote on September 22, C•D•E•F 2008, approving the continuation of our forces commitment, t six thousand kilometers from our - Parliament’s mission in fall of the same borders, more than three thousand year, coming back with a hopeful report, AAFrench soldiers are fighting on the front line. They intervene on the Afghan - Appointment of an official French government’s request, and under a UN Representative for Afghanistan in spring mandate (extended in March 2008). Amidst 2009. the populace, embedded in a 60,000 strong international force, they operate shoulder to shoulder with the Afghan National Army. The current issue of Doctrine attempts They do it on a daily basis, boosted by to present a French brief – as of summer danger or stressed by the combat 2009 – related to the evolution of environment. They proceed by fire and the Afghan conflict, on the geographical, sword but also through an approach tactical, joint and allied organization of which courageously open the hopes of the deployed assets. Through direct populations. These just wish to live safely accounts, you will find in the following as soon as possible, longing for a society pages descriptions or impressions on made peaceful through sound and efficient the nature of commitments as well as development patterns. French units are conditions of employment of units in their suffering ordeals but they also achieve tactical missions. The time is not really to tactical successes; they try step by step to the final statement but more to a cautious gain the trust and improve the living observation, in a transition phase where conditions of Afghans they are in contact the big American Ally revises its with, in valleys, on the roads and in commitment objectives and methods. the villages. Meanwhile (as we are just about to print this paper), France herself seems to be Regarding our distant commitments, re-organizing her resources in a rationale the military community sometimes of optimized national coherence on considers that patience in collective the ground. ordeals is not the main feature of our public opinion. Is is considered here and there sometimes emotion-led and over-reactive and sometimes indifferent then versatile. Of course, we do not intend to challenge that in this publication dealing with the tactical employment of our forces. At least, we will here observe that France displays some political/military coherence: - integration with allied forces from the beginning of operations at the end Major General Thierry OLLIVIER of 2001, Commander Forces Employment Doctrine Center - regularly French General Officers taking over operational responsibilities within ISAF (including ISAF Command in 2004/2005), MARCH 2010 4 DOCTRINE # 17 BIM e 27 LCL PHILIPPEAU/CDEF LCL LCL PHILIPPEAU/CDEF MARCH 2010 5 DOCTRINE # 17 AFGHANISTAN PRESENTATION Afghanistan, Presentation BY LIEUTENANT COLONEL PASCAL PHILIPPEAU/DREX/CDEF (FORCES EMPLOYMENT DOCTRINE CENTER) Afghanistan, Key facts and figures Surface area: 652,090 sq km Average elevation: 1800 m Population: approx. 25 million Literacy rate: men / 43% - women / 22% Languages: Dari / 55% - Pashtu / 40% - Uzbek and Turkmen / 4% - Others 1% Life expectancy: 44 years Capital: Kabul Major cities: Kandahar, Herat, Mazar-e-Sharif Labor force: 17 million people (services 30%, industry, 21%, agriculture 49%) Natural resources: natural gas, coal, copper, precious and semi-precious stones - 80% covered by mountains - 6 bordering countries - 1.2 time France DOCTRINE # 17 6 MARCH 2010 AFGHANISTAN PRESENTATION An old Geopolitical Reality: Kabul, the capital, gathering about 3 million inhabitants, is a representative melting pot of this human mosaic all over After thirty uninterrupted years of war, Afghanistan still the country. Should any renewed tension arise in the remains in crisis. Due to its specific physical geography, capital, this diversity could be either a great asset or a this landlocked country has no access to any seas. Export source of problems. of natural resources and integration into the world economy are then difficult. A Society to be Rebuilt and an Economy to be Boosted: On the fringes of several empires and civilizations, the cultures of India, Iran, Central Asia and China melted in For a long time, Afghanistan has been characterized by the past. Then, the collapse of the Soviet empire, the Taliban the unchanging organization of its society. government and thirty years of war left deep scars on this The social model is based on several structures: country. Divided by warlords’ regional interests and committed - a mainly rural structure, since the country is organized to a difficult reconstruction process, Afghanistan remains a around the agricultural factor, sensitive area at the heart of Central Asia’s stakes. - a patriarchal structure, since the apparent demographic imbalance is important, considering the male omnipresence within the social landscape, - a religious structure, since religion is the unique referent within the social organization, - a military structure, since the divided organization into diverse, sometimes opposing ethnic groups, is conditioned by the need to defend oneself. Moreover, thirty years of conflict have disorganized the economy of the country. As soon as the Taliban came to power, the country was placed under four embargoes (military, air, political, and financial) whose objective was to isolate this regime from the international community. Afghanistan represents one of the A Human Mosaic: poorest countries in the world and many areas of the Afghan economy are still to be rebuilt. Economic boost As in every multi-ethnic country, the issue of the relative clashes with many structural handicaps, such as the small importance of communities is hotly debated.
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