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International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanities ISSN 2277 – 9809 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9359 (Print) An Internationally Indexed Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journal Shri Param Hans Education & Research Foundation Trust www.IRJMSH.com www.SPHERT.org Published by iSaRa Solutions IRJMSH Vol 6 Issue 8 [Year 2015] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) Shakespeare’s Romeo & Juliet : A boon to B- Town “So long as men can breath or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee” (Shakespeare’s sonnet no. 18) Subhrasleta Banerjee Department of English Balurghat Mahila Mahavidyalaya The name is William Shakespeare who can easily prophesied about the power of his golden pen through which his beloved might not need children to preserve his youthful beauty and can defy time and last forever. It is surprisingly related today. The main theme of Shakespeare’s work is ‘LOVE’- ‘the blind fool’. He indirectly acknowledges there may be obstacles in true love and urges to marry with true ‘mind’ rather than merely two people. This love is a bold subject matter that has always lacked rules and always attracts controversy - specially within the strict norms of Asian Culture. These various challenges and obstacles make multistory-love-complex silently. Cinema woos audiences by offering this emotion. Modern Indian Cineme is already an indestructible massive field of art work which has been successfully taken the extract of the Shakespearean drama to serve the common. The literary works of Shakespeare reinvigorate uncountable people of the world. The unique excellence of Bard’s ‘violent delights’ and ‘violent ends’; excessive passion and love full of zeal; jealousy and romance; greed for empowerment and assassination; laughter and satire; aesthetic sensibility and of course the plot construction both in comedy and tragedy- are all time favourite to Bollywood screen. Thus the accidental and oriental amalgamation creates a jumbo - factory of ‘Desi Kapra with Videsi dhaga’. Filming of Shakespeare’s play in Indian Cinema has been an innovative and exceptionally masterful journey. His plays draws and unique and perfect image of human behavior and response to joy, sorrow, success, failure and uncountable number of other human feelings. This magnificent pictures are skillfully reflected to the silver - screen by the great artists of the huge family of Indian Celluloid. The age of colonialism took Shakespeare to the Indian subcontinent, but the Indian Film spread it to the root level knowingly or unknowingly. The mass of this subcontinent has been drinking the drops of this wine and allows it to dissolve in their daily life. Shakespeare was no longer an English speaker’s wealth. It was sprinkled to the common and became more enriched through the craftsmanship of Indian artists by ages. My paper highlights the discovery of Indian Cinematic phenomenon laying prominence on adaptation of Shakespeare’s play, specially ‘Romeo and Juliet’. The word adaptation was derived from Latin word ‘adaptare’ that means to make suitable or fit for a specific use or situation. It requires interpretation and most radical recreation of the same text. Although this International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) Page 158 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 6 Issue 8 [Year 2015] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) adaptation could not be started without the outstanding contribution of Indian authors who started the work of adaptating, translating or writing influentical deeds for Shakespeare. Amongest them Bankim Chandra Chattapadhyaya, Girish Chandra Ghosh, Rabindranath Tagore, Dwijendralal Roy, Gopal Ganesh, Harbans Rai Bachchhan, Virinda Karandikar, Kavalam Narain Panikkar, Lashinath Bezbarua, H.S. Shivprakash and many more are the glowing stars. The safari of Shakespearean era in Indian Cinema began with ‘Khoon Ka khoon’ (1935) and till date it entertains spectators and critics of B-Town. The Indian adaptation was written by Mehdi Ahsan, starring Sohrab Modi as Hamlet, Nasreem Bano as Ophelia and Shamshad Bai as Gertrue. Late on came the Indian adaptation of ‘The Marchant of Venice’ and titled as ‘Zalim Saudagar’ (1941) directed by J.J. Madan. Afterwards a quite number of Indian movies, adaptated from Bard’s plays are acclaimed by both spectators and critics. Actually, Shakespeare’s film has a classical universal appeal with different interpretations and adaptations. ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’. This famous quote becomes the magic ingredient to the filmmakers and the European works have come alive on the Indian Silver-Screen in differnt avatars, whether it is ‘Comedy of Errors’ to ‘Bhrantibilas’ (Bengali adaptation 1963) or ‘Angoor’ (Hindi adaptation, 1982); ‘Macbeth’ to ‘Maqbool’ (2003), a over-suspicion crime based film ‘Othello’ to ‘Omkara’ (2006), ‘Hamlet’ to ‘Haidar’ (2014) or ‘Romeo and Juliet’ to ‘Goliyon Ki Rasleela : Ramleela’ (2013) and many more. Now I explore selected Bollywood ‘Romeo and Juliet’ interpretations and its reflection on South - Asian Culture related to love whole heartedly. Shakespeare’s “Romeo and Juliet” was written in 16th Century. It was the most renowned heart-breaking love story of two teenagers - Romeo and Juliet who met various obstacles and complexities from their feuding clans and finally the story line was completed with their ‘engrossing end’ - this pathos and romance have continuously remained a popular spices for Bollywood dish to present it more palatable delicious food to B-Town fan. (1) Bobby (1973) Directed by : Raj Kapoor Produced by : Raj Kapoor Written by : Khwaja Ahmed Abbas, Jainendra Jain, V.P. Sathe Starring : Rishi Kapoor, Dimple Kapadia Music : Laxmikant Pyarelal Cinematograpy : Radhu Karmakar Production Company : R.K. Films Release date : November 1973 Running time : 169 minutes Country : India Language : Hindi Bobby is a trendsetter. It first introduced the teen - romance genre in Bollywood. Though the genre was previously used widely in Kolkata film Industry. It even showed the collision of rich vs poor. Later on huge number of film was inspired by this genre. International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) Page 159 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 6 Issue 8 [Year 2015] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) It is a Mumbai based movie. The two teenagers - Raj Nath (Rishi Kapoor), from a rich family and Bobby Braganza (Dimple Kapadia) a lower middle class-girl, fall in love with each other. After knowking this, Raj’s father, Mr. Nath engages Raj to a mentally challanged girl, Alka (Farida Jalal) to get benefit in business. Raj then fled to unite with Bobby, but failed. Lastly the two lovers jumped from a waterfall to save their love. But finally Indian cinema rescued Raj and Bobby through their family after realizing their irreparable love. Bobby was a block buster hit (1) and was top grosser in 1973 (2) and second highest grosser of 70s (3). Definitely a bold new and huge step was taken in ‘Bobby’. Director never took chance to break the happy-ending scenario of the then Film -society. Another is, unlike a hero -heroine of 40+ age ‘Bobby” introduced two teens as the protagonists. Although, it was the first adaptation of ‘Romeo and Juliet’. Moreover under the pressure of those two protagonists, Rishi Kapoor and Dimple Kapadia as they were only eighteen and fifteen respectively. But their work was so much full of expertise that it can overwhelmed the viewer’s heart with passion of love. (2) Ek Duuje ke liye (1981) Directed by : K. Balachander Produced by : L.V. Prasad Written by : K. Balachander Starring by : Kamal Haasan, Rati Agnihorti, Madhavi Music by : Laxmikant-Pyarelal Cinematography : B.S. Lokanath Edited by : N.R. Kittu Release dates : 5 June, 1981 Running time : 163 minutes Language : Hindi In 1981s ‘Ek Duuje Ke Liye’ created history as it is a critically acclaimed ‘block buster’ hit film. This adaptation emphasized on the unbeatable love through surpassing their parantal opposition. It bagged a National award and 13 Filmfare Nominations. It is a 100 million Rs. (4) (US $ 1.5 million) earning movie. It was a remake of ‘Maro Charitra’ from the same director. A cross - culture romance depicts the story of Vasu (Kamal Haasan), a Tamil guy and Sapna (Rati Agnihotri), a North- Indian girl who are conjoined with love despite of having huge language barrier. The story is based in Goa. The idea of their marriage was straitway rejected by their parents leading to a Chaos. After a lot of drama the story ends with tragic suicide of the love-couple. In this film, the fantastic chemistry of two lead actors Kamal Haasan and Rati Agnihotri through Vasu-Sapna’s passionate love; Subha Khote’s (Spana’s Mother) commandable acting as a wicked mother; the most thrilling scene - how adamantly Sapna mixed a burnt picture of Vasu into her tea and drank it easily to show their unbreakable love-relation and above all, in music the super hit melodious son - ‘sola barash ki bali Umar Ko Selam....” - underlying all these are act as a reminder of teen - romance tragedy ‘Remeo and Juliet’. Once again, we realize that International Research Journal of Management Sociology & Humanity ( IRJMSH ) Page 160 www.irjmsh.com IRJMSH Vol 6 Issue 8 [Year 2015] ISSN 2277 – 9809 (0nline) 2348–9359 (Print) Romeo like Vasu and Juliet like Sapna being paralysed physically in earth are huddled together by death for spiritual revitalization in Haven. 3) Sanam Teri Kasam (1982) Directed by : Narendra Bedi Produced by : Barkha Roy Starring : Kamal Haasan, Reena Roy, Kader Khan, Ranjeet Music by : R.D. Barman Release date : 14th May, 1982 Country : India Language : Hindi Another Bard’s adaptation was ‘Sanam Teri Kasam’ that was a “Semi-hit” at the box - office by Narendra Bedi starred with Kamal Haasan and Reena Roy. Though it was much appreciated and was more successful in big cities but, critically it was an average movie.
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