the SPRING/SUMMER 2016 AMERICAN Volume 50, No . 2 PSYCHOANALYST Quarterly Magazine of The American Psychoanalytic Association

APsaA and the IPA: The Story INSIDE TAP… of American Independence Annual Meeting Ralph E. Fishkin and Paul W. Mosher in Chicago ...... 7 In the course of working on a project on the work of a number of contributors and a completely different subject, one of us not simply the product of the thought of a Building New (Mosher) stumbled across a charming pas- single person, Sigmund Freud. That is, in the Psychoanalytic sage in a now somewhat obscure book on words of the preface, it is a “history of the Programs Worldwide. . . 15 the history of psychoanalysis. This passage men and women who have made psycho- sheds some new, or at least clearer, light analysis what it is today…” American College on our understanding of the meaning of Published not long after the final volume of Psychoanalysts. . . . 17 APsaA’s special status in relation to the Inter- of Ernest Jones’s three volume biography of national Psychoanalytical Association and Freud (1957), the book seemed intended not The Courage to especially how that status came about. So we only to share credit with others for the suc- decided to research it further. (See: http:// cess of the psychoanalytic movement, but Fight Violence bit.ly/APsaATrainingStandards) The following also to gently counterbalance a somewhat Against Women. . . . . 18 account is a distillation of that White Paper. strict and rigid orthodox “Freudianism,” The book, Psychoanalytic Pioneers: A History which had taken hold within some corners of Psychoanalysis as Seen through the Eyes, of the psychoanalytic world. Lives and Works of Its Most Eminent Teachers, Included among the sub- Thinkers and Clinicians, edited by Franz Alex- jects of the book’s 40 bio- ander, Samuel Eisenstein and Martin Grotjahn graphical sketches are Rank, and origionally published in 1966 by Basic Adler, Jung, Klein, Reich, Books, apparently was intended to show that Horney, Hartmann, A. Freud psychoanalysis as it then existed had become and Erikson. Two chapters at the end of the book, how- ever, leave the mold of bio- Ralph E. Fishkin, D.O., is secretary of graphical sketches to give the Association, and also a BOPS Fellow first person accounts of the representing the Institute of the Psychoanalytic history of psychoanalysis in Center of Philadelphia. He has served on England and the United the Executive Council as the Philadelphia States. They were written representative and as councilor-at-large. by Edward Glover and John Paul W. Mosher, M.D., has served as A. P. Millet respectively. It is a member of the APsaA Executive Council to a specific passage in the including two terms as councilor-at-large. final chapter by Millet, “Psy- He has also chaired the Joint Committee choanalysis in the United on Confidentiality, and co-chaired the States,” to which we turn. Task Force on the Externalization of BOPS. Continued on page 12

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 1 CONTENTS: Spring/Summer 2016 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYTIC ASSOCIATION President: Mark Smaller Leadership Mark D. Smaller President-Elect: Harriet Wolfe 3 Secretary: Ralph E. Fishkin Treasurer: William A. Myerson 5 Div ersity of Standards in New APsaA Executive Director: Dean K. Stein Dwarakanath Rao and Dionne Powell

7 Highlight s of the 105th Annual Meeting in Chicago THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST June 17-19 Christine C. Kieffer Magazine of the American Psychoanalytic Association Candidates’ Council: Psychoanalysis in the Community Editor 8 Janis Chester Phoebe A. Cirio Film Editor Bruce H. Sklarew 9 COPE: Study Group on New Technologies Daniel Jacobs Special Section Editor 10 Film: Theater Audience Questions a Psychoanalyst Michael Slevin about His Discipline Phillip Freeman; Bruce H. Sklarew, Film Editor Editorial Board Vera J. Camden, Doug Chavis, Phoebe Cirio, Leslie Cummins, 12 APsaA and the IPA: The Story of American Independence Phillip S. Freeman, Maxine Fenton Gann, Ralph E. Fishkin and Paul W. Mosher Sheri Butler Hunt, Laura Jensen, Nadine Levinson, A. Michele Morgan, Julie Jaffee Nagel, Marie Rudden, 15 Building New Psychoanalytic Programs Worldwide Hinda Simon, Vaia Tsolas, Maria Teresa Hooke and Madeleine Bachner (prepared by Lewis Kirshner Dean K. Stein, ex officio on behalf of the North American Representatives to the IPA Board) Senior Correspondent Jane Walvoord The American College of Psychoanalysts Norman A. Clemens Photographer 17 Mervin Stewart 18 Cour age to Fight Violence Against Women: Manuscript and Production Editors IPA Committee on Women and Psychoanalysis Conference Michael and Helene Wolff, Technology Management Communications Paula L. Ellman and Nancy R. Goodman The American Psychoanalyst is published quar- terly. Subscriptions are provided automatically to members of The American Psychoanalytic Asso- ciation. For non-members, domestic and Cana- dian subscription rates are $36 for individuals and Changing of the Guard $80 for institutions. Outside the U.S. and Canada, rates are $56 for individuals and $100 for institu- tions. To subscribe to The American Psychoanalyst, I have had the honor of serving as the editor of The American visit http://www.apsa.org/TAPSUB, or write TAP Subscriptions, The American Psychoanalytic Psychoanalyst for nine years, spanning the terms of five presidents . Association, 309 East 49th Street, New York, New York 10017; call 212-752-0450 x18 or It has been gratifying work, perhaps best summed up by something e-mail [email protected].

former editor Arnie Richards said to me in passing, at the elevators Copyright © 2016 The American Psychoanalytic Association. All rights reserved. No part of this in the Waldorf Astoria…“Thanks for babysitting ”. Editing TAP has publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by been a generative process, with an ever present due date, and the any means without the written permission of The American Psychoanalytic Association, 309 East joy of having the issue delivered . I am grateful to the authors, the 49th Street, New York, New York 10017. Association staff and to our professional editor, Helene Wolff, who ISSN 1052-7958 has been a reliable, resourceful, patient and talented guide star The American Psychoanalytic Association does throughout . I am also thankful that Doug Chavis has agreed to shoulder not hold itself responsible for statements made in The American Psychoanalyst by contributors or the task and look forward to reading TAP for years to come . advertisers. Unless otherwise stated, material in The American Psychoanalyst does not reflect the endorsement, official attitude, or position of The —Janis Chester American Psychoanalytic Association or The American Psychoanalyst.

2 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 FROM THE PRESIDENT

even as president-elect, was that the change Leadership was not necessarily just about APsaA. Mark D. Smaller Something was changing in me. Or putting it slightly different—any change in APsaA I While struggling to write my last column helplessness go might facilitate demanded an inevitable and as APsaA president, and with so many feel- away. By attach- critical change in me. ings darting about my office, I received a call. ing to the pow- It first became apparent during the first A journalist was writing a feature article erful leader, the meeting of the Executive Committee in Chi- about the current presidential election. She group feels pow- cago in June 2014 that I chaired as a new presi- wondered what psychoanalysts were think- erful and help- dent. I told the group we needed to put an Mark D. Smaller ing about this election—the relationship lessness fades. end to the lawsuit appeal. No one disagreed. between candidates and voters, maternal and Sadly, and in a sometimes frightening way, With that, for the first time in the two and a paternal transference (her words) feelings some of those promises involve candidates half years I had been on the Executive Com- towards candidates, charisma and narcissism marginalizing, if not condemning certain eth- mittee, the tension suddenly left the room. of candidates and why such qualities engage nic and racial groups, other candidates, or the Even if the outcome of the lawsuit had been or turn off voters. She wondered if patients in president, implying somehow that helpless- different, nothing would have been solved. my practice spoke more about this election ness and rage regarding terrorism, for exam- Members, including me, still would have cycle than in the past. ple, would go away if we just rid ourselves of remained entrenched, absolutely entrenched This reporter’s sophistication regarding psy- this group, or that individual. And, as we know, in winning or losing, and the 60 plus-year choanalytic perspectives was striking. She had people behave in groups in ways they would organizational impasse would continue. interviewed me and a number of colleagues not behave as individuals. The dysregulation November 2014, in Buffalo Grove, Illinois (a over the past few years and had come to value leads to the violence that erupted at rallies, Chicago suburb), the Executive Committee what we have to offer about various social and and has put all of us on edge. I reported to started listening and talking but mostly listening. mental health issues, and psychoanalysis as a the journalist that, in addition to my own With the help of our consultant, Jeffrey Kerr, a profession. Her questions and articles have anxiety, my family, friends and patients were process of healing emerged, healing from many consistently reflected a serious knowledge, similarly occupied. injuries on both sides before, during and after thoughtfulness and appreciation for our field. Once off the phone with the reporter my the lawsuit. Only then could we consider creat- We spoke about the dynamic relationship mind wandered to the state of APsaA when ing a plan, an imperfect but workable plan that, between candidates and voters, how one I ran for president in 2010, and then again in if reviewed and accepted by the membership, candidate is embraced by a group because 2012. Many members in various psychoana- would finally diffuse the anger, helplessness he or she speaks with empathy to ideas, lytic “camps” felt angry, frightened, discouraged and fear of many members. No one would wishes, longings and aspirations of that group. and helpless. Their view of psychoanalysis— get everything he or she wanted, but the The voter feels listened to and responds to in education, standards, research, application great majority of members could count on the candidate who most closely expresses of psychoanalytic ideas in the community— getting most of what they wanted to maintain his subjective view of the world, and maybe was not being heard, appreciated, valued or passionately held views about our profession, most important, does so with authenticity understood. our local institutes and centers, and our Asso- and affect that resonates with the voter. I was one of those members. Those feel- ciation. By last June, the plan emerged, and by Idealizations easily emerge, as well as intense ings were a significant part of running, espe- January, the plan moved forward. negativity towards candidates. cially a second time, and my view must have During this process of implementing the We discussed how in this presidential elec- reflectedthe view of a majority of members Six Point Plan, there have been the inevita- tion cycle, many citizens are feeling marginal- that generously gave me an opportunity to ble heated disagreements and temporary ized, if not neglected, on both ends of the serve. And for a time as president-elect, I regressions to old divisions sometimes online, political spectrum. With that marginalization imagined or at least was determined to keep sometimes on the Executive Committee. comes anger, helplessness and even rage. A my campaign promises that APsaA would However, what is at stake, what can take us candidate appeals to a group when that change, and seriously change, damn it! (I can’t seriously forward has ultimately continued to anger is responded to with promises, realistic help but consider the tone of current candi- organize thinking and feeling. The Six Point or completely unrealistic, that the candidate dates running for U.S. president.) Plan has been tested but the priority has will fix things and make that anger and remained the same. What is best for ALL PERSONAL CHANGE members? What is best for the future of What I did not realize, what was completely APsaA? What is best for our profession—not Mark D. Smaller, Ph.D., is president of the outside my awareness, and what I could not yours or mine, but our profession? American Psychoanalytic Association. have predicted through two campaigns, or Continued on page 4

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 3 FROM THE PRESIDENT

Leadership and centers will decide on their own about But leading? That’s different. Leading is ulti- Continued from page 3 the appointment of training analysts and mately a humbling experience. Just when you whether certification will be useful or needed imagine you have it right, you suddenly come By the time we arrive in Chicago in June, in that process. to terms with having it wrong. As a psycho- most of our challenging efforts will be com- The American Association for Psychoana- analyst, my best teachers have always been my ing to fruition. The work groups that became lytic Education (AAPE), still in the process of patients. My best teachers regarding leader- task forces to implement the change and being established as of this writing, will offer ship over the past three and a half years have draft appropriate bylaw amendments have accreditation to those institutes that desire been all of you, the membership. You have all worked hard to see this process through. standards based on current APsaA standards. taught me to listen, respond and lead. I remain Their efforts and plans will be presented in APsaA will approve new institutes through humbled by your allowing me the opportunity June and voted on by the Executive Council the new Institute Requirements and Review to lead, and will forever be grateful. and the Board on Professional Standards. Committee using IPA standards as the base- And finally my Executive Committee, my With the new Department for Psychoana- line of standards. “essential others”—Harriet Wolfe, Bill Myer- lytic Education, the Institute Requirements As I mentioned to the journalist, campaign- son, Ralph Fishkin, Lee Ascherman, Betsy and Review Committee, and the transfor- ing is about narcissism, charisma, if not inflated Brett, Peter Kotcher, and Dean Stein, and mation of our Executive Council as a true self-esteem. It’s about imagining you can solve more recently Dwarakanath Rao, Dionne board of directors with final authority to this issue or that issue better than anyone Powell, and Lee Jaffe—your commitment, steer APsaA, toward its future, I believe One else, that you are better to serve than some- passion, hard work and solid leadership, will APsaA will be born. one else, or at least you try to convince the never be forgotten by me or the member- The already functioning external American group you are better. You make promises ship. Seriously—well done, all of you. Board of Psychoanalysis (ABP) will continue you don’t necessarily know will be fulfilled Colleagues, thank you all. One APsaA providing certification for those individual once elected. You are trying to provide hope is emerging because of you. See you in members who want this credential. Institutes and possibility of real change. Chicago.

4 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 FROM THE BOARD ON PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS

CERTIFICATION AND THE Diversity of Standards in New APsaA TRAINING ANALYST SYSTEM Dwarakanath Rao and Dionne Powell Two ancient struggles within our mem- bership involve certification and the train- The Six Point Plan will usher in, for the first what constitutes optimal procedures for ing analyst system. AAPE takes a positive time in the history of APsaA, a plurality of training analyst appointment. Choice of stan- stance on both. AAPE will require objec- training standards. Institutes will have the dards and membership in AAPE will not tive and subjective evaluation of clinical choice of following current APsaA require- affect affiliation with APsaA. competence in the TA appointment pro- ments, or IPA requirements as guidelines, or cess. AAPE considers training, graduation, creating their own, all while remaining in AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF certification and training and supervising APsaA. For some, the freedom to set one’s PSYCHOANALYTIC EDUCATION analyst appointment as a pathway for pro- own standards is rich with possibility. Others The American Association of Psychoana- fessional growth. We believe experience feel no particular lack of freedom with the lytic Education (AAPE) aims to become the and peer review, under whatever name, will current standards. As with any unprecedented external standards organization for those hold value to all in our profession and to change, it is not possible to predict with preci- institutes interested in continuing with cur- the public. Regardless of APsaA’s fraught sion what the standards landscape will look rent APsaA standards. In addition to cur- history, we feel the process of certification like in the future. What is certain is the exter- ricular and supervisory requirements, these and TA appointment, when transparent and nal regulatory climate for professions such as standards are notable for the value placed subject to checks and balances, is an enrich- ours will become more demanding. on certification, the training analyst system, ing combination of evaluative, developmen- Under the proposed reorganization of and the minimum required frequency of tal, and aspirational goals necessary in any APsaA, the Council would be authorized analytic sessions (three per week in the Wil- profession. to set/approve IPA or substantially equivalent liam Alanson White model, and four to five entry standards for new institutes wishing per week in the original APsaA model). In HOW ARE AAPE AND to affiliate with APsaA. The Board on Profes- addition, AAPE is working on a memoran- BOPS DIFFERENT? sional Standards would sunset, and its non- dum of understanding with the Accredita- AAPE’s board will have members of the regulatory functions would be relocated in a tion Council for Psychoanalytic Education, public as well as professional organizations new Department of Psychoanalytic Educa- Inc. (ACPEinc) that will make AAPE accred- such as APsaA that promote psychoanalytic tion (DPE). Regulatory functions would be ited institutes eligible for simultaneous education, standards and research. This is a externalized in the American Association for national accreditation by ACPEinc. Rigorous far broader representative body than the Psychoanalytic Education (AAPE). Institutes standards, one site visit, national accredita- Board on Professional Standards. Candidates would have the following choices regarding tion—this is what AAPE consolidates in one will be vital contributors to the establish- standards: Follow the new APsaA standards, organization. AAPE will grandfather any ment and development of AAPE through a which would be IPA requirements as guide- APsaA institute in good standing that meets Candidate Advisory and Liaison Committee. lines, or follow current APsaA standards. IPA AAPE standards. The AAPE board composition will reflect the standards do not require certification. “IPA needs and experience of seasoned as well as requirements as guidelines” are meant to WORKING WITH DEPARTMENT younger analysts. Unlike the Board on Profes- offer flexibility, but how it will be interpreted FOR PSYCHOANALYTIC EDUCATION sional Standards, both APsaA and non-APsaA is to be determined. We believe that insti- AAPE is designed to work in a comple- institutes are welcome to become affiliated tutes should familiarize themselves with the mentary, if not synergistic, way with APsaA, with AAPE. substantive issues involved. The substantive bringing to fruition a dream of many for issues are the merits of external accredita- membership and accreditation functions to WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP tion, the merits of current APsaA standards, work together constructively. In practice, this BETWEEN AAPE AND ACPEinc? which meet or exceed IPA requirements, the will mean AAPE and the new APsaA Depart- ACPEinc, as an independent national merits of the proposed new APsaA stan- ment of Psychoanalytic Education (DPE) will accrediting agency, uses its core criteria dards, which are IPA requirements as guide- function in separate, and sometimes overlap- (including minimum of three sessions per lines, the merits of certification, and finally, ping, domains—AAPE concerning itself with week frequency, certification or its equivalent, regulatory matters, including national accred- and curricular and supervision requirements), itation, and the DPE with a wide range of but conducts accreditation of an individual Dwarakanath Rao, M.D., educational and consultative functions. We institute by referring to standards the insti- and Dionne Powell, M.D. hope that as both AAPE and DPE mature, tute follows in addition to, or different from, Guest column by chair-elect and secretary- there will be opportunities to work together ACPEinc baseline standards. elect of the Board on Professional Standards. on shared goals in psychoanalytic education. Continued on page 11

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6 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 Annual Meeting in Chicago

The Meet-the-Author program will feature Highlights of the the work of Aisha Abbasi, author of The Rup- ture of Serenity: External Intrusions and Psycho- 105th Annual Meeting in Chicago analytic Technique. She will be joined by Gil Katz, who recently has written The Play Within June 17-19 the Play: The Enacted Dimension of Psychoana- Christine C. Kieffer lytic Process. Their presentations will be fol- lowed by discussion with the audience, led by Be sure to chair, Henry J. Friedman. come to the thought-provok- DISCUSSION GROUPS AND SYMPOSIA ing 105th Annual After their introduction at the 2016 National Meeting of the Meeting, four new Discussion Groups will American Psy- continue this June. “Psychoanalysis and Psy- choanalytic chodynamic Psychotherapy” will be chaired Association to by Ralph Beaumont. Another new Discussion be held in Chi- Group, chaired by Dorothy E. Holmes, Don- cago June 17-19 ald B. Moss and Stephen Seligman is “Apply- Christine C. Kieffer at the Palmer On Friday evening, Monisha Nayar-Akhtar ing Historical and Social Factors in Clinical House Hotel, right in the middle of the will present the Ticho Award winning lecture, Psychoanalysis.” The third Discussion Group, central business district in the Loop. Once “Psychic Space, Structural Space, Cyber Space: “The Difficult Child to Reach: A Kleinian Per- again the Program Committee has combined Desire and Intimacy in a Digital World.” She spective on Psychoanalytic Work with Chil- a list of innovative programs with the classic will be introduced by Fred L. Griffin. Harriet dren” will be chaired by Karen Proner. Finally, programs that have stood the test of time. L. Wolfe, who will be president at that time, Daniel A. Plotkin will chair his new Discussion Below are some of the highlights of the will chair this noteworthy event. Group, “Psychoanalytic Treatment for Older 105th Annual Meeting. A more detailed list- A central part of our twice-yearly pro- Adults.” And, of course, you will still be able to ing is available in the preliminary program gram has been the Two-Day Clinical Work- attend the ongoing Discussion Groups to on APsaA’s website: www.apsa.org. shop, and we have a host of excellent ones, which you have become attached. Our opening panel, “So What Is Gender, with erudite speakers, hard-working case We also are pleased to announce two fine Anyway? And Who’s Having Sex with presenters, chaired by distinguished mem- Symposia. The first, “(Not) Being Seen/(Not) Whom?” on Friday morning will focus upon bers of the Program Committee. This June, Being Heard: How Do We Think About the a re-examination of gender and sexuality we will have seven Workshops focusing on Disregard of the Other in the Case of Flint, through the prism of transgender. Ethan M. adult analysis, child analysis and psychoana- Michigan?” will be moderated by Maureen A. Grumbach will chair this event, where an epi- lytic psychotherapy. Check the preliminary Katz. The second Symposium, “Recognizing sode of the television show Transparent will program for a complete listing of these and Helping to Break the Intergenerational be shown, followed by commentary by Rob- dynamic two-day sessions. Chains of Transmission of Trauma: Black Men ert M. Galatzer-Levy and Susan McNamara. and Boys,” will be moderated by Darlene This will be followed by a small group discus- UNIVERSITY FORUM AND Bregman Ehrenberg. sion, ending with an opportunity to share MEET THE AUTHOR We are featuring a program sponsored experiences in the large group along with a Other twice yearly events with an avid jointly by APsaA and the North American Psy- chance to query the panelists. following will also take place. This year, the choanalytic Confederation (NAPsaC): a panel On Saturday morning, we will offer another University Forum will offer a special pro- titled, “Psychoanalysis Informs Creation of fascinating Clinical Plenary Address, “Beyond gram, organized by Stanley J. Coen, “Revital- Courage to Know Violence Against Women.” the Miles, Memories and Usual Modes of Func- izing the South Side of Chicago,” chaired This program will be chaired by Nancy R. tioning: How We Change as We Help Our by Robert M. Galatzer-Levy. Presenters on Goodman, introduced by Maureen Murphy, Patients Change,” presented by Aisha Abbasi this program will include Angela Hurlock, with presentations by panelists, Margarita with discussions by Adrienne Harris and Dom- executive director of Claretian Associates, Cereijido, Goodman, Vivian Blotnick Pender inique Scarfone. Nancy Kulish will chair. Laurence Ralph, John L. Loeb Associate Pro- and Arlene K. Richards. Please join me in wel- fessor of the Social Sciences at Harvard Uni- coming the inauguration of what we hope will Christine C. Kieffer, Ph.D., ABPP, is chair versity, and Janet Smith, co-director of the be one of many such co-sponsored events. of the American Psychoanalytic Association Nathalie P. Voorhees Center for Neighbor- We look forward to your joining us in Program Committee. hood and Community Improvement. Chicago on the Magnificent Mile.

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 7

Candidates’ council Psychoanalysis in the Community Phoebe A. Cirio Phoebe A. Cirio

The most recent issue of the Candidate Psychoanalysts engaging in community pervaded the neighborhood were feelings Connection, the Candidates’ Council news- intervention attempt to ameliorate severe of shame, humiliation, hopelessness, and a letter was devoted to psychoanalysis in the social and psychological distress. Analysts feeling of having been “dissed.” A cycle of community. The new co-editors, Danielle in the Trenches, an excellent collection of retaliation was the norm, where one vio- Dronet and Valentino (Luca) Zullo, candi- papers edited by Bruce Sklarew, Stuart W. lent act would yield another violent act to dates from Cleveland, are the founders Twemlow and Sallye M. Wilkinson in 2004 “save face” for the first victim. of Siggy’s Village, located in Collinwood, a contains a paper that depicts a school- The clinical interventions employed in neighborhood in Cleveland. Siggy’s Village based mourning project in Washington, the school were active methods such as offers pro-bono, low cost and/or insurance D.C. The interventions were based on Elvin music, drawings, drama, clay and games reimbursed psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Semrad’s ideas on resistance to mourning. which enabled the participants to express They engage the local community and pro- Semrad’s work with patients was informed their grief, and eventually to articulate the vide psychoanalytic ideas and therapy to by Freud’s Mourning and Melancholia (1917). feelings of loss, sadness and anger that, if left adults, children and families. Semrad understood his patients resisted unvoiced, would be acted out in a violent As more and more social workers are grieving by utilizing the avoidant defenses, way or result in depression. Eventually, the pursuing psychoanalytic training, they are including denial and projection, to manage children were able to verbalize their feelings continuing a long and noble tradition of their feelings of emptiness. Semrad inter- about the person in their life who had died. community clinical intervention. This type vened by investigating the facts of the It is stressful for the therapist to leave of work can take the community as a losses, encouraging the patients to speak the safety and containment of her office whole as the patient, building resilience of their losses, and when the patients and step out into the community to provide in the community by developing social spoke lucidly, they communicated their clinical services. Psychoanalytic concepts and structure. Intervention in the community pain without falling into psychosis. techniques, while demanding of the clinician, can also take the form of clinicians enter- In the school-based mourning project, can provide a sense of control and safety in ing community settings to provide indi- the authors noticed that children living facilitating the deepening of our understand- vidual and group psychotherapy, and in violent inner-city neighborhoods had ing of clinical work with distressed people consultation in an institutional setting the same primitive defenses, and fragile in unconventional settings. The application such as a school, prison, or community ego-organization, as Semrad’s hospitalized of psychoanalytic concepts to community center, as well as in private homes. Psy- patients. The inner-city children who par- work dignifies all involved by acknowledging choanalysts from all professional back- ticipated in the project came from dan- the unconscious within each of us. grounds have embarked on community gerous, impoverished communities with a I want to end with a quote from Chris- work, applying psychoanalytic concepts paucity of community supports and over- topher Bollas, which ran in the New York and theory to inform their work with stressed parents. The children in this com- Times Opinionator section, October 17, individuals, groups and institutions. Cen- munity had no models for grieving. Often 2015: “We all know the wisdom of talking. tral to psychoanalytic principles is the the parents eschewed their own grieving. In trouble, we turn to another person. understanding by our profession that the They believed grieving was a sign of weak- Being listened to inevitably generates new unconscious is operating in all human ness, and if they experienced their grief, it perspective, and the help we get lies not activity, and if unacknowledged, these would interfere with their effectiveness as only in what is said but also in that human unconscious thoughts can be enacted parents. Psychoanalysis provided an under- connection of talking that promotes and determine ensuing events. standing that underlying the violence that unconscious thinking.”

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spoke as well as the state of dress of the par- ticipants. Some colleagues request that their COPE patient lie on a couch, others do not, trying instead to analyze the choice of environ- Study Group on New Technologies ments from which patients speak to them. Daniel Jacobs DISTANCE We agreed the use of the telephone and Our ways of Our Study Group on New Technologies the physical distance it creates might have communicating (one of the largest of the COPE groups) has different meanings for different patients and with one another begun to explore how the advent of new different meanings at different stages of an have changed technologies affects our work as analysts, both analysis. For instance, it might provide a sense dramatically in the techniques we use and the theories of the of needed safety for the patient who has the last decade. mind we employ. The members of the group been severely physically traumatized. For Whereas, we are Ric Almond (Palo Alto), Alice Bartlett another patient, very dependent on measur- used to write (Topeka), Vera Camden (Cleveland), Steven ing the slightest reaction of the analyst upon letters or place Clarke (Minneapolis), Ralph Fishkin (Philadel- entering and leaving, the absence of visual telephone calls, phia), Philip Freeman (Boston), Richard Honig guidance might awaken deep feelings of Daniel Jacobs many of us now (Stockbridge), Sarah Knox (Cincinnati), Scott aloneness or disorientation. For still others, e-mail, fax, tweet or send messages on Murray (Portland, Oregon), Gerald Melchiode Oedipal conflicts explored at a physical dis- Facebook. Furthermore, we can now employ (Dallas), Jill Scharff (D.C.), Ernest Wallwork tance provides either relief or frustration. search engines to find out about almost any- (D.C.), Nancy Winters (Portland, Oregon) When might each party long for the physical one’s education, financial status, publications and Lyn Yonack (Great Barrington). presence of the other? When might they be and other information. Patients have used relieved by its absence? these technologies for gathering information CONNECTION How much does the smell and decor of about their analysts; on occasion, analysts have We have had four meetings so far: the first an office, whatever it may be, contribute used these same technologies to communi- to introduce ourselves and our interests to to the memories and affects of patients? cate with and learn about their patients. one another; the next two by teleconference Absence of these features of typical analyses, Has communication via new technolo- to share experiences of telephone analysis our group felt, may not mean a less intense gies altered analytic intimacy? What are and treatment via video face time. We began interaction, just a different one. It is essential, the advantages and disadvantages of using by discussing the use of the telephone, which to analyze the way in which the use of new video or other technologies as tools in has its own unique qualities, different from technologies helps shape transference and analysis? How does their use relate to other forms of analysis. We tried to under- countertransference. issues of defense and of developing trans- stand what those qualities are: What do they At our third meeting, we began a dis- ference? New technologies have not only allow? What may they inhibit in terms of cussion of our experiences with VSee and changed the therapeutic landscape, but communication? Certainly, non-verbal forms other video technologies. We will con- also the teaching of analysis as well. How of communication are limited in telephone tinue this discussion when we next meet. does one measure the benefits and draw- analyses. We also noted that certain aspects Continued on page 11 backs of distance learning and treatment? of separation anxiety on the part of both Furthermore, how might the use of new analyst and patients might be greater in tele- technologies in society affect child and phone analysis. Both parties may become adolescent development? concerned as to whether they are in fact still “connected” or if the line has “gone dead.” This may make silences more difficult to bear. The impulse to call a patient who has not Daniel Jacobs, M.D., is a training called at the appointed time may also be and supervising analyst at the Boston greater because of concerns about whether Psychoanalytic Institute. He is director the patient was able to get through. of the Hanns Sachs Library and Archives It was noted, too, that telephone analyses at BPSI and director of the Center gave analyst and patients greater freedom in for Advanced Psychoanalytic Studies terms of body position and movement and in at Princeton and Aspen. terms of the physical space from which one

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“Was it Freud’s cocaine addiction that gave F I L M him the cancer?” Nope. In 1939, at the moment of the Freud-Lewis colloquy imagined by the play, the Cape Play- Theater Audience Questions a house was staging a production of the suc- cessful Thornton Wilder play Our Town. The Psychoanalyst about His Discipline summer stages were enjoying a robust season that year throughout New England, but it was Phillip Freeman to be the last uninterrupted run of summer Bruce H. Sklarew, Film Editor stock for the many war years that followed. Wilder wrote his play as a contrast to the I had the seeking to engage a contemporary commu- ubiquitous millionaire playboy dramas of the opportunity nity pales before the difficulty faced by the day. Kitty Carlisle’s performance at the Play- recently to give protagonists in this play. house in A Successful Calamity earlier that a talk at the The Cape Playhouse is a beautiful theater, summer season was a case in point. Wilder Cape Playhouse the oldest continuously running theater out- called for a sparse set and few props, antici- in Dennis, Massa- side New York. The audience sits in church pating the deprivations to come. The Stage chusetts, where pews. Immediately a hand went up. Manager who introduces us to the lives and an excellent and “My friend told me about the sexual relation- passing of the residents of Grover’s Corners well-reviewed ship that Freud had with his daughter. How ultimately offers the same conclusions and production of could he do his work with patients if he was the same counsel C.S. Lewis offers to Freud: Phillip Freeman Mark St. Ger- involved that way with his own daughter?” “Everybody knows in their bones that some- main’s play Freud’s Last Session was playing. Never happened. thing is eternal, and that something has to do Mark Cuddy, the new Playhouse producer, with human beings. All the great- had requested a psychoanalyst to present a est people who ever lived have special event featuring a discussion of the play, been telling us that for five thou- Freud’s life and psychoanalysis. sand years and yet you’d be sur- Any psychoanalyst who has enjoyed the prised how people are always privilege of doing such a talk in a theater, or losing hold of it. There’s something a talk-back after a play or film, is familiar with way down deep that’s eternal; the tension between the wish to communi- about every human being.” cate something of the rich complexity of Lewis also focused on the risk of psychoanalytic ideas and the need to manage “losing hold” of his faith, his discov- the sometimes surprising comments from an ery of God. In St. Germain’s play he audience raised in the waning days of the The Cape Playhouse tells Freud, “My idea of God; it influence of those psychoanalytic ideas in our constantly changes. He shatters it, culture. What follows reflects the back and I paraphrase here. I enjoyed many pro- time and time again. Still, I feel the world is forth between reality and reverie, between longed and interesting exchanges about psy- crowded with Him. He is everywhere. Incog- the wish to reach out and the temptation to choanalysis with this engaged group of nito. And His incognito—it’s so hard to pen- retreat. Surely the challenge faced by analysts theater patrons. Still, it can be unsettling to etrate. The real struggle is to keep trying. hear what the community, the object of our To come awake. Then stay awake.” outreach, is thinking. Lewis’s faith is represented as a hard-won Phillip Freeman, M.D., D.M.H., The play takes place in 1939. Freud and discovery, fragile and slippery and ever at is a psychoanalyst in Boston. C.S. Lewis meet for a single conversation at risk of being lost again, a victim of the temp- Bruce H. Sklarew, M.D., an associate Freud’s invitation just three weeks before tation to take things as they are, to fail to editor and co-founder of the award-winning his death. Their talk, their debate, about the appreciate what lies beneath the surface, Projections: The Journal for Movies existence of God and, by implication, the providing meaning and purpose. He fights and Mind, organizes the film programs existence of the unconscious, takes place to remain awake to the evidence of things at meetings of the American Psychoanalytic against the backdrop of sirens and radio unseen when many around him are moti- Association and has co-edited two books announcements describing Britain’s entry vated to question his evidence and his reason. on psychoanalysis and film. into war with Germany. Continued on page 11

10 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016

He wants to remain awake to a God New Technologies who appears incognito, in disguise. Continued from page 9 Would Freud speak any differently about the manifestations of a ubiqui- Our last meeting was taken up with how we tous and wily unconscious? An epiph- might best serve the membership through any, a something more, ever present, our study group. We will begin by: and ever at risk of dismissal and moti- • Implementing a survey about frequency vated re-repression? A disguised uncon- of treating candidates in analysis via video scious that must be rediscovered in conferencing or telephone. Study group clever rationalizations and rooted out members felt the incidence of this mode from reality-bound hiding places? of treatment analyses is on the rise both “Why didn’t he feel that the Irish could in training analyses and analyses done by be analyzed?” We observe the troubles and forebodings candidates. Surprisingly, there is no data Never said it. of our own time and reach for what com- currently available about its use. “When did Freud and Lewis first become forts and consolations we might allow. Freud • Surveying whether there are courses friends?” described the tendency toward mysticism offered at institutes on the use of these They only met once. during periods of despair and disruption. The new technologies. This survey has “When did Freud stop being an atheist?” play illustrates the resilience of the rationalist already begun under the leadership of Never did. and the deist, each in his own fashion. study group member Lyn Yonack. Is there meaning to such apocrypha, the • Pub lishing on the APsaA website a bibli- distortions and misunderstandings that con- ography on the uses of new technologies stitute the contemporary grasp of Freud and in treatment and education, along with his work? Perhaps there are fewer opportu- annotations on some of the works cited. nities to correct these ideas than there were • Fostering workshops, further panels when Auden wrote his 1939 elegy: and publications on the analytic uses of new technologies. If some traces of the autocratic pose, • Collaboration with the APsaA Discus- the paternal strictness he distrusted, still sion Group, “Psychoanalysis and New clung to his utterance and features, Technologies,” chaired by Nancy Win- it was a protective coloration ters and Scott Murray. for one who’d lived among enemies APsaA members interested in the work of so long: this study group should feel free to contact if often he was me at [email protected]. wrong and, at times, absurd, to us he is no more a person now at which point it will become the only national but a whole climate of opinion Diversity of Standards psychoanalytic accrediting body with DOE under whom we conduct our Continued from page 5 recognition. AAPE standards will become different lives… Through a pending memorandum of appropriately influential in the national con- What must it have felt like in 1939, only 20 understanding between AAPE and ACPEinc, versation about psychoanalytic education stan- years since the last war had ended, soldiers any APsaA institute grandfathered by AAPE dards via ACPEinc. like Lewis still nursing their battle traumas, will become eligible for simultaneous pro- to know it was all about to begin again? visional accreditation by ACPEinc based on A LAST WORD the findings of the most recent COI site As the incoming chair and secretary of the visit and meeting other ACPEinc require- Board on Professional Standards, we are ments. The proposed collaboration with committed to assisting our institutes to sur- ACPEinc will result in future site visits vive and thrive while upholding standards. being conducted by ACPEinc, with a number We are planning to work hard and work of site visitors drawn from AAPE accredited together with our colleagues as we move institutes. toward innovative and responsible change. ACPEinc is also anticipating being recognized To achieve this, we welcome dialogue and by the U.S. Department of Education (DOE), discussion from the membership.

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 11 THE STORY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

APsaA and the IPA By 1939, the Americans declared their Societies in its geographic area, Continued from page 1 independence of the “authoritarian control the United States of America. This of the original Viennese group.” The prior Regional Association, within its year they had issued a statement that the structure, ultimately (i) exercises American analysts would no longer partici- responsibility for the training and pate in the International Training Commis- qualification of psychoanalysts; (ii) sion (ITC) or the Executive Committee of recognises subordinate bodies (its the IPA and would make their own deci- Affiliate Societies, Provisional Soci- sions about training standards in the U.S. eties, Study Groups, and training They recommended that the ITC should facilities); and (iii) is responsible for be dissolved and the IPA should relinquish developing and overseeing the Ralph E. Fishkin Paul W. Mosher all controls over training standards. Plans performance of those subsidiary were made to hold meetings to discuss this bodies. EARLY APsaA LEADER rupture in the fabric of psychoanalysis, but Millet is not well known today. A descen- before such meetings could take place, In the above definition, the word “ulti- dent of a respected Boston family and a World War II broke out and at the conclu- mately” conveys the essence of what was graduate of the New York Psychoanalytic sion of the war the geography of psycho- worked out between APsaA and the IPA in Institute in the 1930s, Millet was quite promi- analysis had shifted dramatically. The ranks the years between 1946 and 1963 when the nent in the tiny profession of psychoanalysis of European analysts had been thinned IPA bylaws were finally amended. in the late 1930s. He later went on to become one of the founders of the Colum- bia Institute as well as president of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis. It was By 1939, the Americans declared their independence of the Millet who in 1951 made the motion at the “authoritarian control of the original Viennese group.” APsaA meeting of members to investigate the delays in the admission to membership of some institute graduates, a motion which led to the first legal opinion and committee drastically by the war, and psychoanalysis in ESTABLISHING THE RELATIONSHIP investigation of the functioning of the Board the U.S. was experiencing phenomenal Describing the condition of psychoanalysis on Professional Standards in relation to the growth, shifting professional membership in the postwar period in this charming pas- newly incorporated Association. One might organization by adding centralized training sage, and his own personal involvement in imagine that, as one of the native bred and standards in institutes which it “approved.” the establishing of a relationship between strongly pro-medical American analysts of By the 1960s, the status of APsaA in rela- APsaA and the IPA, Millet wrote: his day, he might have been uncomfortable tion to the IPA was finally written into the with the infusion of European orthodoxy IPA bylaws in a passage that is the subject In the meantime, our European experienced in New York psychoanalytic of this note: (International Psychoanalytical colleagues, whose professional circles in the 1930s, which in the view of Association, Rule 4A (3). http://www.ipa.org. activities had been completely dis- some members, was being carried forward uk/en/IPA/ipa_rules/rule-4.aspx). The Amer- rupted under the grinding tyranny into the new APsaA. ican Psychoanalytic Association was given of the Hitler regime, exerted In his history of the development of psy- the status of the only “Regional Association” growing pressure for the re-estab- choanalysis in the United States, Millet of the IPA, defined on the one hand as a lishment of the International Psy- describes the growing tension between the kind of “Constituent Organization” of the cho-Analytical Association. Ernest American analysts and their European coun- IPA, just like societies in other countries, but Jones was the prime mover in this terparts focused mainly on the question of different from other constituent organiza- undertaking, representing as he training requirements and, in particular at tions in that a “Regional Association” is did the rapidly thinning ranks of that time, the question of training non-med- defined as ollows:f the old guard in Europe. After ical applicants. This issue had reached a peak considerable discussion of plans in 1927 as a number of non-medically trained For historical and legal reasons, for a meeting between him and individuals who had traveled to Europe to the IPA has one Regional Associa- representatives of the American be trained as psychoanalysts returned to tion, the American Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic Association, a com- New York only to be rejected by the New Association, which is made up of mittee was appointed by the York Society. members of some Psychoanalytical Continued on page 13

12 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 THE STORY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

president of the American Associ- Our committee believed that we 2016 Update ation to review the constitution did not need a lengthy document The IPA’s lawyers have subsequently and bylaws of the International with the constitutional aims bol- confirmed the findings and conclu- Psycho-Analytical Association and stered and defended by a long list sions that have emerged from our to arrange a meeting with Jones in of bylaws. To my great surprise, study of these source documents. Ste- London to consider what changes Jones concurred. After the incor- fano Bolognini, IPA president, reported should be made to bring these up poration of a few minor changes this in a letter to the IPA Board of to date. I was the chairman of the suggested by him, we found no Representatives and so informed the committee. Since the center of difficulty in achieving consensus Association on February 27, 2016, in psychoanalytic organization was in on the various points in the draft, a letter to APsaA president, Mark Smaller, and president-elect, Harriet Wolfe. Bolognini summarizes the find- ings as follows: …World War II broke out and at the conclusion of the war 1. APsaA is entitled to determine its own training and qualification the geography of psychoanalysis had shifted dramatically. standards, utterly independent of any standards that the IPA may establish. APsaA, for example, does not need to conform to any the United States, it was expected which became the proposal for a of the “Three Models” set out in that the views of the American new constitution of the Interna- the IPA’s Procedural Code; committee, which included Max tional Psycho-Analytical Associa- 2. Despite another section of the Gitelson and Edward and Grete tion, which was to be submitted to IPA’s Rules stating that all com- Bibring, would be given full consid- the national associations for con- ponent organizations must be in eration. I was warned by some of sideration and approval. That eve- compliance with the IPA’s Proce- my colleagues that Jones might be ning’s experience in August 1948, dural Code (which includes difficult to deal with; he did not like is unforgettable. The ready friendli- training and qualification stan- Americans and was resentful that ness of our British hosts carried dards), this does not overrule the center of the movement was with it none of the authoritarian APsaA’s entitlement to deter- no longer in Europe or even in flavor so familiar in the councils of mine its own training and quali- London where Anna Freud and our national association. fication standards—APsaA is some of her friends and colleagues Since that time, the International required to comply only with had settled. Psycho-Analytical Association has those parts of IPA Criteria which Jones invited the committee to been gradually restored in some are unrelated to training and dine with him at a well-known degree to its position as arbiter of qualification standards; restaurant, an unusually hospitable the fitness for full accreditation of 3. A consequence of this is that gesture at a time when meat, sugar, newly organized psychoanalytic APsaA is absolutely entitled to apply equivalency standards of and other food products were still societies. A certain aura of author- its own devising when deciding strictly rationed in England. He ity still clings to its name…. however, whether to admit into APsaA could not have been a more genial it no longer exercises any control over membership (and, thus, into and interesting host. He advised the educational programs of the vari- IPA membership) psychoanalysts us that during our after dinner ous psychoanalytic institutes, whose trained elsewhere. deliberations we were to be the graduates belong to their national guests of Anna Freud. After dinner, associations. [emphasis added] The institutional relationship of the therefore, in a sort of reverential IPA and APsaA is clearly a matter of anticipation, we repaired to her As a result of Millet’s description, we significant importance to all of us. I house, where Freud had spent believe that, until now, we have been mis- thought it would be helpful for you his last days. We all felt greatly reading the “Regional Association” status to have this information at this time honored to be there. As soon as of APsaA, because it was agreed APsaA since I think it is the clearest state- the introductions had been made would have complete control of the training ment yet of the extent of APsaA’s and the committee assembled, standards of our “approved institutes” and independence from the IPA regarding Jones opened the discussion in would not, in any way, be answerable to training and qualification standards. the friendliest manner conceivable. Continued on page 14

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 13 THE STORY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE

APsaA and the IPA Some feeling, however, was Continued from page 13 expressed that the International Association should retain an advi- oversight by the IPA. The IPA could, of sory function, with sufficient author- course, offer advice (“advisory role”) but ity to safeguard the interests of without any specific authority regarding science in those areas where psy- training standards, except, perhaps, in the choanalysis is invading virgin territory. most extreme and egregious circumstances [emphasis added] where the two organizations could not con- tinue their connection. The authority of the FURTHER CLARIFICATION IPA would be limited to the recognition Robert Wallerstein, in his 1998 detailed (approval) of new training programs in other book on the history of the lay analysis issue. countries which did not have a national orga- Lay Analysis: Life Inside the Controversy, alludes nization like APsaA. Millet’s account is like a to the meeting and in addition quotes from Rosetta Stone, offering an understanding of another mention of the meeting found in what the words in the IPA bylaws describing A Brief History of the International Psycho- the Regional Association, Rule 4A (3), mean, analytical Association by Adam Limentani, in in particular the word “ultimately,” and in a 1996 issue of the International Journal of addition tells us why that section relating to Psycho-Analysis. the Regional Association (i.e., APsaA) is so Working, evidently without Millet’s report brief and uncomplicated. available, Wallerstein nonetheless describes The second account, “Committees at the agreement as having matters related to the training and Work” by Ives Hendrick, was published in a qualification of psycho-analysts is 1948 issue of the Bulletin of the American …two main components: (1) The assigned to the Regional Association. Psychoanalytical Association (http://pep-web. Americans would have total auton- [emphases in original] org/document.php?id=bap.004d.0022a). Also omy in regard to training stan- As a result of part of the settle- written by Millet, this second account is a less dards in the United States with no ment of the psychologists’ lawsuit personal version of the same meeting, found IPA oversight (such as did exist in in the 1990s, through an IPA bylaw in his report from the International Commit- relation to all other component amendment, the second point of tee of APsaA to the Executive Council at its Societies in other nations); (2) the the agreement was removed, so 1948 meeting. It concluded as follows: American would have this “exclusive APsaA’s exclusive franchise was rescinded, but the first part of the agreement, APsaA’s ultimate (now “ultimately” in Rule 4A (3) author- …APsaA is a part of the IPA, but is not under the IPA’s ity or “total authority” was left control insofar as training standards are concerned. intact. Hence, APsaA is a part of the IPA, but is not under the IPA’s control insofar as training stan- dards are concerned. APsaA is not …The fears of our American col- franchise” in its geographical area, required to maintain IPA training leagues that the officers of the meaning that the IPA would recog- standards in the approved institutes International Association would nize no training bodies in the U.S. but clearly may deviate from those wish to control such matters as the other than those under the aus- standards, within reason, in what- standards of training and regula- pices of the American. ever way it sees fit. tions for the acceptability of candi- The special status of APsaA dates appear to be unfounded. The among all the IPA Constituent mushroom growth of the psycho- Organizations was codified in the Editor’s Note: analytic movement in the United IPA Bylaws in 1963 with the words: For more information States has created a situation, which “A Regional Association comprises a about this article’s sources, our English colleagues realize will number of Societies in a Continental, please contact Ralph Fishkin at require a larger measure of auton- Subcontinental or National Region [email protected]. omy in the national associations. in which ultimate responsibility for

14 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 NEW PSYCHOANALYTIC PROGRAMS

Building New Psychoanalytic Programs Worldwide

Maria Teresa Hooke and Madeleine Bachner (prepared by Lewis Kirshner on behalf of the North American Representatives to the IPA Board) Maria Teresa Hooke Madeleine Bachner

Many members in North America have expressed interest The ongoing work with these nascent psy- in the IPA’s development programs in countries around the world. choanalytic entities involves enormous time, We asked Maria Teresa Hooke, the chair of the the International energy, expense and the participation of many members. New Groups Committee (ING), and Madeleine Bachner from the China Committee to summarize their current activities. CHINA COMMITTEE The IPA China Development Committee was formed in 2007 with the appointment of Today the map of the IPA stretches beyond We now are witnessing a “second wave” Peter Loewenberg by President Claudio Eizirik. the areas in which psychoanalysis was born of expansion that followed the political and Loewenberg and Paolo Fonda of Trieste, head and developed. Many North American social changes after the end of the Cold War, of the PIEE, undertook an intensive site visit to members have expressed interest in the the fall of the Berlin Wall, the dissolution of Shanghai and Beijing in May 2007 and issued IPA’s support of new programs in countries the former USSR, and the opening of China an extensive report with a plan to implement around the world. to the West after 1978. Globalization, the IPA activity in China. Connections were made The International New Groups (ING) growing presence of psychoanalytic thinking, with different universities and psychiatric hos- Committee, chaired by Maria Teresa Hooke, the diffusion of psychological therapies, and pitals in Beijing, where the first psychoanalyti- responds to and fosters new psychoanalytic major cultural shifts have fostered a climate in cal training began in 2008, when a group of groups in many countries. Members of the which numerous new groups have formed. 10 candidates was selected to take seminars. committee are appointed by the IPA presi- Currently, the ING works with 20 study The teachers came partly from the Sino- dent in consultation with the board and the groups and 6 provisional societies that cur- Norwegian psychotherapy program, a pro- committee chair. The chair reports to the rently train 450 candidates. Countries with gram started by the current chair of the China board at each meeting and informs the pres- Study Groups include: Bulgaria, Estonia-Latvia, Committee, Sverre Varvin, in 2006. Other ident and Executive Committee of important Lithuania, Lebanon, Russia, Portugal, South teachers like Alf Gerlach came from the developments between meetings. ING mate- Africa, Turkey, Paraguay, Brazil (five groups), Sino-German training program in Shanghai. rial is available through the IPA website at Mexico (two groups) and Panama. In North The candidates had the fortunate opportu- http://www.ipa.world. America, Vermont and in Asia, South Korea nity of an established training analyst in Bei- and Taiwan. Provisional Societies have been jing. She stayed there for four years doing “in established in Russia, Rumania, Turkey, Croa- person analysis” and, afterwards, shuttled to tia, Serbia and France. In addition, there are Beijing twice a year (and continues to do so). two IPA training institutes: The Psychoanalytic In 2011 the second psychoanalytic training Lewis Kirshner, M.D., is training Institute of Eastern Europe (PIEE), now called started with a group of 10 candidates in and supervising analyst at the Boston the European Psychoanalytic Institute (EPI), Shanghai in cooperation with the Shanghai Psychoanalytic Institute and clinical professor the Latin American Institute of Psychoanalysis Mental Health Center. All the candidates, of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. (ILAP) and the China Committee which is except one, are psychiatrists working in the Maria Teresa Hooke is training and also part of the wider umbrella of the ING. Mental Health Center, and the training analyst supervising analyst of the Australian We work with four Allied Centres: in China, who worked with them also had a connection Psychoanalytical Society and chair of the Korea, Taiwan, and Tunisia. to the Center. This group had the possibility of International New Groups (ING) Committee. having in-person psychoanalysis with a training Madeleine Bachner is training and An earlier version of the paper by analyst who stayed eight months every year in supervising analyst of the Swedish Maria Teresa Hooke was published on China. One candidate has shuttled to the U.S. Psychoanalytical Society and a member the first issue of the IPA EJournal. for 100 sessions a year over several years. of the China Committee. Continued on page 16

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 15 NEW PSYCHOANALYTIC PROGRAMS

Psychoanalytic Programs identity, desire to better understand the democratic system of governance also plays a Continued from page 15 human mind, and the possibility of relieving large part. Inevitably, the encounter works both personal suffering. New groups begin in a ways. Under the impact of different cultures, A third training group spanning several cit- variety of ways, each holding significant con- histories, and social and educational practices, ies, including Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan, is sequences for future development, yet ING the sponsors must rethink fundamental psy- now being planned. We have several appli- has found common patterns. Often, pioneers choanalytic tenets many are accustomed to cants and admission interviews are under who trained in another country bring back a take for granted. The tension between the way. The seminars will be conducted both by passion to introduce psychoanalysis in their two cultures is always there, as a creative or e-learning and in person, with teachers com- own country. In other countries, where a destructive force depending on the group’s ing two to three times a year. What is different long-standing psychoanalytic tradition has dynamics and the sponsors’ capacity to main- and important this time is that the Training been crushed by repressive regimes, we see tain a constructive and containing perspective Committee will involve Chinese direct mem- its resurgence under improved political con- in an emotionally charged atmosphere. bers who will be assistant teachers during ditions. Some groups wish to move away The process involves what Javier Garcia seminars. The biggest challenge for the new from large societies to develop training in calls “disrobing,” which refers to our capacity training is access to training analysis and the their own cities and to form a separate iden- in entering new territories to “disassemble” possibility to have as much in-person analysis tity; others have split from an existing society modes of functioning enshrined in our insti- as possible. The China Committee is working for ethical reasons or unsolvable conflicts. tutions of origin in order to be open to what with this issue together with ING trying to find When a group contacts the ING, a small is “psychoanalytically creative and different.” solutions within the guidelines of IPA training. committee is appointed to assess the possi- Experience teaches us something obvious; The IPA now welcomes five direct mem- bilities of development and then to follow its the beginnings in every group are crucial for bers in China and we hope gradually to growth. These sponsors travel twice a year to its future development. In many regions move them toward applying for “study distant places and different continents with a where psychoanalysis is developing during group” status. This will be the first step in complex and delicate task: to facilitate, edu- this second wave, countries have suffered establishing a society and a training institute cate, mediate and guide. They work with the massive historical and social trauma. Spon- in which the Chinese analysts can gradually new group for five or six years helping to sors learn the repercussions of history on the take over the functions of the committee, build the basics of a future psychoanalytical groups, including transgenerational transmis- including the training of new candidates. In society—its organizational structure, training, sion of traumas, historical legacies, persistent addition, the Outreach Committee, a sub- scientific life and outreach activities. ethical issues, conflicts between generations committee of the China Committee, has The encounter between the two cultures, and power struggles. It follows that the atten- been very active in initiating programs for the local culture and the IPA culture transmit- tion of the sponsors and of the ING to group professionals in the mental health area. They ted by the sponsors, is an emotionally charged dynamics has become an essential part of the have organized seminars on infant observa- encounter. The local group brings desire, work with new groups. tion, attachment research and mentalization. expectations, curiosity, hope, need and appre- The work in the China Committee is hension, while the sponsors carry a commit- WHAT IGNITES THE FLAME? demanding, stimulating and sometimes diffi- ment to psychoanalysis and its transmission. Paolo Fonda has the view that the crumbling cult. Members are Western psychoanalysts The emotions of the group can inspire the of totalitarian regimes, which are repressive trying to transmit their view of psychoanaly- sponsors to relive the enthusiasm and wish to but also protective, creates new vulnerabilities sis into a country and culture that is very dif- learn of their own first encounters with psy- and raises deep survival anxieties in individu- ferent from our own, but, of course, there is choanalysis. Strong bonds develop and, at als now seeking containment and help. Fonda much common ground as we are all human times, emotional storms, perhaps necessary connects this with the huge development of beings with desire and curiosity to under- and unavoidable engines of these projects. psychotherapies in the past 10 years. In his stand the human mind. The participants live through a process that view, the societal changes open up a space for changes both parties. ING does not come to personal individuation and for psychoanalysis. FIRST ENCOUNTER bring a closed and dogmatic application of We are looking at a new phenomenon: the There is a persistent misconception among psychoanalysis. More than a matter of intro- individual emerging from a group that envel- members and the public that the IPA and the ducing Freud and our great thinkers, it aims oped him and who is now left exposed. ING go into new areas like a colonial power. to encourage a way of thinking analytically, a Something similar may be occurring in China, The reality is different; when the ING is asked sharing of the humanizing potential of psycho- where disorienting and sudden socioeconomic for help, it responds to the call. The request analysis and of its universal values, and of its changes and a materialist ethos threaten the is inevitably complex, a mixture of need for critical and secular thinking. traditional Confucian philosophy of family help, hopefulness at the dawning of individual The transmission of the culture and of the cohesion, harmony, duties and obligations. rights and personal freedom, a quest for institutional experience of the IPA and its Continued on page 19

16 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PSYCHOANALYSTS

range of psychoanalytic topics, including The American College developing psychoanalytic understandings of prominent political figures and of psycho- of Psychoanalysts analytic practice in other countries. Over Norman A. Clemens the past 10 years the College expanded its membership to include international mem- The American College of Psychoanalysts met with the bers, discussing clinical work in France, Tur- has been an important professional organi- College, returns key and Germany. zation for many psychoanalysts, including to the forefront The College has always invited psychiatrist APsaA’s president-elect, Harriet Wolfe, and our apprecia- psychoanalytic candidates in the cities where councilors-at-large, Malkah Notman and me. tion of mind meetings were held to attend the scientific Now the College has opened its member- and body. In meeting and annual banquet free of charge. ship for its annual meeting on May 13, 2016, addition, many This is designated as Laughlin Fellowships, in Atlanta. The College meeting this year members treat supported by Henry Laughlin’s generosity. offers a highly engaging panel of speakers some patients in The College also established membership including Robert Michels, Sander Gilman and psychoanalysis opportunities for candidates several years Norman A. Clemens Paul Ekman. while simultane- ago. Spouses/partners have always been wel- The American College of Psychoanalysts ously prescribing psychotropic medications. come to attend meetings. was founded in 1969 by Henry Laughlin, They balance the benefits and disadvan- who also founded the American College of tages that psychotropic medications bring NEW OPPORTUNITIES Psychiatrists at the same time. The College to the psychoanalytic process. College In the past several years, members of was initially chartered as an organization for members were also, in view of their training the College have become increasingly aware psychiatric psychoanalysts. The membership in psychiatry, focused on research studies of the decline in psychodynamic teaching consisted of psychiatric psychoanalysts who and how empirical evidence informs daily for psychiatric trainees and the need for had made academic contributions in scholar- clinical practice. readily available educational opportunities ship and education at psychoanalytic insti- The College is encouraged that other for psychiatrists who wish to expand their tutes or universities. New members were psychoanalyst practitioners have their own understanding of psychodynamics. Mem- brought in by invitation, based both on their organizations, such as for psychologists bers have also become increasingly aware contributions and on their future potential (Division 39) or social workers (American of how the unique professional identity of as leaders in psychiatric psychoanalysis. From Association for Psychoanalysis in Clinical the psychiatric psychoanalyst might be its inception, the College was apolitical and Social Work), just as the College exists for better presented by other professional prided itself on its strong collegial atmo- psychiatrists. Yet, we find a common ground, organizations committed to training and sphere in which members from around the even comity, just as the early psychoanalysts research, such as residency training pro- country could freely share and discuss psy- did in Vienna and Berlin. grams, medical schools and, of course, neu- choanalytic ideas. The College’s annual meeting, usually roscience programs. Its membership has consistently viewed scheduled in conjunction with either the To address the paucity of psychodynamic psychoanalysis as practiced by psychiatrists as American Psychiatric Association or the training, the College has initiated a program having many unique features. Training in med- American Psychoanalytic Association, has for early career psychiatrists (ECPs) called ical school, and later psychiatry residency, has two plenary speakers in the morning and “Clinical Enhancement of Psychodynamic always emphasized the importance of main- several colloquia in the afternoon. Luminar- Skills: Virtual Psychotherapy Rounds.” ECPs taining an ongoing focus on diagnosis and the ies on neuro-psychoanalysis have included participate in distance learning via video con- interface between mind and body. The flow- Gerald Edelman, Steven Pinker, Jaak Pank- ferencing through twice-monthly group semi- ering of sophisticated neuroscience, as articu- sepp, David Silberszweig, Alfred Lewy and nars led by a member of the College. Sixteen lated by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, who has Joseph LaDoux. Other plenary speakers ECPs applied from 12 states, D.C., and India, have included well-known researchers such forming two groups of eight. These confer- as Howard Shevrin, Norman Rosenthal, ences are focused on psychodynamic issues Norman A. Clemens, M.D., is president Charles Nemeroff, Vamik Volkan, Robert in conducting psychotherapy in the attend- of the American College of Psychoanalysts, Michels, Nancy Andreason, Robert Emde, ees’ actual practice. training and supervising analyst at the Mardi Horwitz and Richard C. Friedman. This past year the College has opened its Cleveland Psychoanalytic Center, and The second plenary speaker would often membership appeal to all psychiatric psycho- emeritus clinical professor of psychiatry be an expert in anthropology or literature. analysts trained to APsaA or IPA standards. at Case Western Reserve University. The afternoon colloquia focused on a wide Continued on page 19

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016 17 VIOLENCE CONFERENCE

Courage to Fight Violence Against Women IPA Committee on Women and Psychoanalysis Conference Paula L. Ellman and Nancy R. Goodman

A community of psychoanalysts, scholars HEALING BY SYMBOLIZING and activists focused on the issue of Finding Presentations on sex trafficking, sexual Courage to Fight Violence Against Women at assaults on college campuses, forced genital the IPA Committee on Women and Psycho- mutilation of young girls, and the rampant analysis Conference held in Washington, D.C., rape of incarcerated women brought neces- March 4-5. The conference was co-spon- sary attention to problem areas. Psychoana- sored by the Contemporary Freudian Soci- lytic insight and understanding facilitated the ety, the Baltimore Washington Center for containment of horrors. Discussions of wit- Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis and the nessing and the ways that processing trauma Paula L. Ellman Nancy R. Goodman Washington Center for Psychoanalysis. makes for courage and resilience accompa- In recent years there has been a surge in nied graphic presentations of interviews with of women in pre-Colombian Andean ceram- awareness of the many arenas in which vio- victims of sex trafficking, femicide in Mexico, ics allowed for powerful sensory experiences. lence against women occurs. In this confer- asylum-seekers and refugees, all victims of Filmmakers, poets and a playwright’s musical ence, psychoanalysts showed how violence violence against women. docudrama provided further artistic explora- can be seen, known and represented on the Psychoanalysis and community interven- tion of demonstrating courage to represent, world stage and in psychoanalytic treatment. tions came together in a project in the Yucatan know and fight violence against women. The Throughout, there was an interweaving of Peninsula. A psychoanalyst works with young Hunting Ground is a film in which two women psychoanalytic thinking and how it can be uti- professionals traumatized through their inter- who created a movement to fight sexual lized to understand traumatic violence. ventions with adolescent female victims of violence on campuses were interviewed. As Scholars and psychoanalysts from Argentina, rape and childhood marriage. An instance of they made trauma of rape speakable and Mexico, Peru, the United Kingdom and the the process of healing by symbolizing trauma offered their witnessing of other victims, their United States addressed this serious prob- was demonstrated by community interven- activism formed into an effective national lem along with depictions of violence against tions in post-conflict countries through sew- NGO. Identifications with the perpetrators women in film, art, drama and poetry. Diverse ing circles. Here women victims weave story were broken through containment and alli- perspectives and multiple modalities brought cloths bringing narrative and symbolization to ances. In another film, Nina Quebrada, an the topic to life demonstrating the courage processing unnamed trauma. adolescent girl is betrayed by her boyfriend, to fight violence as it plays out globally and in Presentations of how images represent vio- imprisoned in a brothel, and comes close to the unconscious. lence against women in classical and contem- being defeated in shame and helplessness. porary paintings and sculpture, and the power Continued on page 19

Paula L. Ellman, Ph.D., ABPP, private practice in Rockville, MD and D.C.; training and supervising analyst CFS and IPA; vice president CFS Board, member—IPA COWAP; visiting professor, Sino-American Training Project, Wuhan China; publishes on enactment, sadomasochism and unconscious fantasy. Nancy R. Goodman, Ph.D., private practice, Bethesda, MD, training and supervising analyst (CFS and IPA). She publishes about trauma (The Power of Witnessing), enactments, sadomasochism (Battling Life Photo: Lou Goodman and Death Forces), unconscious fantasy, and Paula Ellman, Myra Sklarew, Nancy Goodman, Andrea Pino, Annie Clark, Joy Kassett, directs the Virtual Psychoanalytic Museum. Donald Campbell and Brenda Smith.

18 THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYST • Volume 50, No. 2 • Spring/Summer 2016

Transforming shame into courage, Psychoanalytic Programs she breaks out and reunites with her Continued from page 16 family in reparation and return. Psy- choanalytic understanding of ruptured On the other hand, ideologies and political object relations and repair is dramati- systems can continue to influence groups cally demonstrated. forming in countries with recent histories of political violence and totalitarian governance. UNCONSCIOUS FANTASY ING has observed these patterns repeated in Psychoanalysts presented clinical the life of the group. papers on the ruthless rage of a man in treatment and the powerful mater- COMPLEX SCENARIO

nal imago in the analysis of a woman Fabric by Rachel Cohen Today the ING operates in a much more by a woman, both connected to fears Story Cloth of Common Threads complex and delicate environment. In some of the all-powerful early mother. Psy- “This is hard to say in words” countries, the sociopolitical context remains choanalysts considered the place of unstable, unpredictable, possibly dangerous, unconscious fantasy in both perpetrator and * * * and the implications for our groups and our victim while keeping close the work of activ- sponsors are not always easy to evaluate. We ists who demonstrate strength by conquering The IPA Committee on Women and Psy- also face the fact that nowadays there are very fear to bring change and make a difference. choanalysis (COWAP) is grateful to the con- few truly new areas. The local scene into This conference, with its immense creativity, ference participants: Cecile Bassen, Alexandra which the ING enters is usually heavily satu- brought together both internal psychic reali- Billinghurst, Raquel Berman, Donald Camp- rated with psychotherapy organizations and ties with harsh external realities. The confer- bell, Annie Clark and Andrea Pino, Rachel psychoanalytic programs, some well qualified ence organizers wanted psychoanalysis to Cohen, Paula L. Ellman, Hope Ferdowsian, others less so, at times in competition with the meet the traumas of violence in scholarship, Louis Goodman, Nancy R. Goodman, Ger- IPA. The way ING approaches the scene, our activism and the arts and to highlight the cour- traud Schlesinger-Kipp, Moises Lemlij, Janice attitude, and how we move among the inter- age it takes to face the horror of violence. Lieberman, Gail Humphries Mardirosian, twined network of relationships, is extremely In addition to the two authors, the Con- Maureen Meyer, E. Ethelbert Miller, Vivian important and affects the development of ference Planning Committee was composed Pender, Rosine Perelberg, Jack Rasmussen, new groups and future IPA societies. What of Margarita Cereijido, Robin Dean, Justine Arlene Kramer Richards, Diana Romero, Freud recommended in 1914 in his Papers on Kalas-Reeves, Joy Kassett, Lizbeth Moses and Katalin Roth, Myra Sklarew, Brenda Smith and Technique and what Bion echoed in his paper Carla Neely. Peter Starr. Notes on Memory and Desire continue to be useful today. In our encounters with patients in the consulting room and with other cultures, American College psychoanalysts where their unique identity we strive for an open, receptive state of mind, Continued from page 17 can be recognized and nurtured. The Col- free of expectations, inclinations or judgment. lege aspires to help remedy the decline in Both Freud and Bion recommended the Membership is no longer by invitation and psychodynamic thinking within psychiatry, to analyst remain open to the unknown, but all psychiatric psychoanalysts are welcome to keep the psyche alive in psychiatry. And the both also understood that the dread of the become members. This includes psychiatric College, since its inception, has continued a unknown is common to the human experi- psychoanalysts from around the world; there strong commitment to research, which must ence, common to both analyst and patient, are now members from Europe and Japan. remain a central tenet for psychoanalysis. and also in the encounter with another cul- At the College’s annual meeting in Atlanta The members of the College feel strongly ture. An open mind on our part implies the the preliminary program includes Paul Ekman, these efforts will strengthen psychoanalysis capacity of psychoanalysis to reflect on the discussing his work on emotions and his as a whole and that fostering the unique universality of its basic assumptions and on work with the Dali Lama; Robert Michels, identities that make up our world of psy- the possibility that these could find a home in speaking on the unique identity of the psy- choanalysis will strengthen psychoanalysis very different cultural contexts. chiatric psychoanalyst; Virginia Barry on the overall. Each individual discipline within psy- sense of smell; and Sander Gilman, discussing choanalysis can make its own valuable con- Editor’s Note: his new work on how biases become diag- tribution to the vitality of our field. Psychiatric For more information about the sources nostic entities. psychoanalysts who wish to join the College for this article, contact the author at The American College of Psychoanalysts will find the application form on its website, [email protected]. provides a professional home for psychiatric AmericanCollegeofPsychoanalysts.org.

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