Information Update Spring 2012
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Embracing Diversity Information Update 2012 Margaret McNulty EMBRACE NI 48 Elmwood Avenue Belfast BT9 6AZ Contents Selected Abbreviations ................................................................................ vi Introduction ................................................................................................... vii Why should we care? ................................................................................. viii Migration ......................................................................................................... 1 Changing Patterns of Migration ................................................. 3 Who is Entitled to Come Here to Work .................................. 5 Bulgaria and Romania (A2) .......................................................... 5 Roma People ................................................................................. 6 Languages and Language Diversity ............................................ 7 The Impact of the Recession ....................................................... 8 International Consequences of World Recession .............. 10 The Causes and Effects of Mass Migration .............................11 Impacts on Countries of Origin ................................................ 12 The Immigration Debate............................................................. 12 Immigration Policy and Legislation .......................................................... 17 Who is Entitled to Come Here from Outside the European Economic Area? ........................................................................ 19 Published by Sponsorship (Tier 2 and Tier 5) ................................................ 20 EMBRACE NI 48 Elmwood Avenue The Cost of Being a Migrant ....................................................... 22 Belfast BT9 6AZ People Seeking Asylum and Refugees ..................................................... 24 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.embraceni.org Why Do People Apply for Asylum in the UK? ..................... 26 February 2012 The New Asylum Model (NAM) ................................................ 27 ©EMBRACE NI Monitoring the Asylum System ................................................ 27 Material from this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part How Many People Apply for Asylum Locally ....................... 28 without permission, provided that it is not altered in any way, and that the The Application Process in Northern Ireland ..................... 30 authorship of EMBRACE is acknowledged. Problems for People Seeking Asylum .................................... 33 This project was supported by funding from the Office of the First Minister and Deputy First Minister (OFMDFM) and the Churches. Refugee Support and Community Integration ................... 33 Challenges for Migrants, Refugees and Minority-Ethnic People ..... 39 The Effects of Immigration Policies ........................................ 40 Bulgaria and Romania (A2 countries) .................................... 40 Access to Healthcare ................................................................. 41 The Habitual Residence Test .................................................... 42 Printed by Ream Ltd, Unit 21 East Belfast Enterprise Centre, Citizenship ................................................................................... 43 308 Albertbridge Road, Belfast BT5 4GX. Border Issues............................................................................... 44 ii | EMBRACING DIVERSITY EMBRACING DIVERSITY | iii How Immigration Policies are Enforced ................................. 46 European Churches and Migrants ...........................................111 Human Trafficking ........................................................................ 50 Building Welcoming Congregations .......................................114 The UK National Referral Mechanism .................................... 51 Some Ideas for Congregational Welcome ............................115 The Local Situation .................................................................... 52 What Churches Can Do Together ..........................................115 Worker Exploitation .................................................................... 56 Pastoral Considerations ...........................................................116 Agencies and Employers ........................................................... 56 Helping to Build More Inclusive Communities ..................117 The Gangmasters Licensing Authority ................................... 59 How We can Learn from Each Other ....................................118 Accessing Advice about Workplace Rights ............................ 60 The Use of Church Premises and Other Resources.............119 Recognition of Qualifications ................................................... 62 Volunteering Opportunities ....................................................119 Negative Attitudes and Racism ............................................... 64 Difference or Sameness ........................................................................... 121 Attitudes and Stereotypes about Migrant Workers ............. 64 Some Useful Sources and Resources .................................................... 122 Negative Stereotypes about People Seeking Asylum .......... 67 Acknowledgements ................................................................................... 133 Attitudes in Churches ................................................................ 68 Index of Support Groups and Agencies ............................................... 134 Far Right Groups ........................................................................ 69 Racist Attitudes Lead to Racist Actions ................................. 69 Racist Crime................................................................................ 74 Attacks on Roma People in 2009 ............................................. 76 Reporting Race Hate Crimes or Discrimination ................... 78 Language Difficulties .................................................................... 79 Poverty and Homelessness ........................................................ 81 Migrant Worker Destitution .................................................... 81 Destitution Within the Asylum System ................................. 85 Mental Health and Suicide ......................................................... 86 Public Policy ................................................................................................... 90 Positive Developments ............................................................................... 94 Christian Responses .................................................................................... 98 What the Bible Has to Say about Welcoming Outsiders ... 98 Embracing the Stranger ............................................................ 98 Some Christian Resources ........................................................ 99 The Role of the Church .............................................................. 101 Churches Responses ................................................................... 102 Migrant-Led Churches ............................................................. 105 Inter-Church Structures ........................................................... 105 EMBRACE Activities ............................................................... 106 Irish Churches’ Affirmations .................................................. 109 Research on Church Responses to Migration .....................110 iv | EMBRACING DIVERSITY EMBRACING DIVERSITY | v Selected Abbreviations Introduction A2 EU Accession 2 countries This update gives an overview of the issues that concern minority-ethnic A8 EU Accession 8 countries people, migrant workers and those who seek sanctuary in Northern AICCMR All-Ireland Churches Consultative Meeting on Racism Ireland. It also suggests some positive actions for Christians who want ASAP Asylum Support Appeals Project AVID Association of Visitors of Immigration Detainees to make this a more welcoming place, where incomers are treated with EMBRACE is a BSO Business Services Organisation (Health Service) dignity. As in previous years, some of the text is unchanged, but we voluntary group of CCME Churches’ Commission for Migrants in Europe also hope that this booklet will help to keep you up to date with new Christians from all the CEC Conference of European Churches developments, such as increasing awareness of significant levels of human main denominations CERD Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination trafficking. Immigration and asylum policy, law and procedures are in Northern Ireland. CFNI Community Foundation for Northern Ireland complex and subject to change. Although we have tried to be as accurate Our primary role is to COI Country of Origin Information as possible, there is always the possibility of inaccuracy. We also keep our provide information CORI (NI) Conference of the Religious of Ireland (Northern Ireland) and resources for CSI Cohesion Sharing and Integration members updated about major changes through our newsletters, web site and links to other web sites. Churches, groups and DEL Department of Employment and Learning individuals, in order EEA European Economic Area Inevitably we highlight problems experienced by migrants and minority- to help make this a EAL English as an Additional Language ethnic people, such as racism and destitution.