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Information Update Spring 2014

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Information Update Spring 2014 Embracing Diversity Information Update 2014 Margaret McNulty EMBRACE NI 48 Elmwood Avenue Belfast BT9 6AZ Contents Selected Abbreviations ............................................................................ vi Introduction ..............................................................................................vii Why should we care? .............................................................................viii Migration ...................................................................................................... 1 Impact of migration on the birth rate ...................................... 4 Changing Patterns of Migration ................................................... 5 Who is Entitled to Come Here to Work .................................... 7 Transitional Arrangements for New EU States ......................... 7 Roma People ............................................................................. 8 Languages ................................................................................... 9 Language Diversity ........................................................................ 10 The Impact of the Recession ....................................................... 10 International Consequences of World Recession ................. 12 Local labour shortages .......................................................... 13 The Causes and Effects of Mass Migration .............................. 15 Impacts on Countries of Origin .................................................. 16 Published by The Immigration Debate .............................................................. 17 EMBRACE NI Public opinion and immigration ........................................... 20 48 Elmwood Avenue Immigration Policy and Legislation ....................................................... 26 Belfast BT9 6AZ E-mail: [email protected] Foreign Students ..................................................................... 27 Web: www.embraceni.org UK Immigration Statistics .................................................... 27 March 2014 Immigration Bill 2013 ............................................................. 29 ©EMBRACE NI Who is Entitled to Come Here from Outside the European Material from this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part Economic Area ....................................................................... 30 without permission, provided that it is not altered in any way, and that the authorship of EMBRACE is acknowledged. Sponsorship (Tier 2 and Tier 5) .................................................. 32 This project was supported by funding from the Office of the First The Cost of Being a Migrant ........................................................ 34 Minister and Deputy First Minister (OFMDFM) and the Churches. People Seeking Asylum and Refugees .................................................. 36 The New Asylum Model (NAM) .......................................... 38 Why Do People Apply for Asylum in the UK? ........................ 39 Asylum Operating Model ..................................................... 40 Monitoring the Asylum System ................................................. 40 How Many People Apply for Asylum Locally ......................... 42 The Application Process in Northern Ireland ....................... 43 Type-set by Wendy McCague [email protected] Problems for People Seeking Asylum ...................................... 49 Printed by Ream Ltd, Unit 21 East Belfast Enterprise Centre, 308 Albertbridge Road, Belfast BT5 4GX. Refugee Support and Community Integration ...................... 51 Challenges for Migrants, Refugees and Minority-Ethnic People .... 57 Christian Responses .............................................................................. 154 The Effects of Immigration Policies .......................................... 58 What the Bible Says about Welcoming Outsiders .............. 154 Embracing the Stranger ...................................................... 154 Access to Healthcare............................................................. 59 Some Christian Resources ................................................. 155 Entitlement to Benefits ........................................................ 61 The Role of the Church ............................................................... 157 Transitional arrangements for new EU States ............... 62 Churches’ Responses to Immigration, Citizenship ............................................................................... 64 Asylum and Racism ............................................................. 159 EMBRACE Activities............................................................ 164 Border Issues .......................................................................... 65 Migrant-Led Churches ........................................................ 165 How Immigration Policies are Enforced ........................... 66 Inter-Church Structures ............................................................ 166 Human Trafficking ......................................................................... 73 Irish Churches’ Affirmations ............................................. 168 The UK National Referral Mechanism .............................. 74 Research on Church Responses to Migration ....................... 168 The Local Situation ................................................................ 78 European Churches and Migrants ............................................ 170 Building Welcoming Congregations ........................................ 174 More Recent Developments ................................................ 79 Some Ideas for Congregational Welcome ...................... 175 Worker Exploitation ..................................................................... 85 Pastoral Considerations ..................................................... 176 Agencies and Employers ....................................................... 86 Helping to Build More Inclusive Communities .................... 177 The Gangmasters Licensing Authority ............................. 89 How We Can Learn from Each Other .............................. 178 Rights in the workplace ........................................................ 90 The Use of Church Premises and Other Resources ..... 180 ................................................................................ 182 The effectiveness of enforcement mechanisms .............. 92 Acknowledgements Some Useful Sources and Resources ................................................. 183 Recognition of Qualifications ..................................................... 94 Index of Support Groups and Agencies ............................................ 197 Negative Attitudes and Racism ................................................. 96 Attitudes and Stereotypes about Migrants ..................... 96 Stereotypes about People Seeking Asylum ................... 105 Attitudes in Churches ......................................................... 108 Far Right Groups .................................................................. 109 Racist Attitudes Lead to Racist Actions ..........................110 Racist Crime ...........................................................................114 Attacks on Roma People in 2009 ...................................... 120 Reporting Race Hate Crimes ............................................. 121 Language Difficulties .................................................................... 122 Poverty and Homelessness ........................................................ 124 Migrant Worker Destitution ............................................. 126 Poverty and Destitution in the Asylum System ........... 130 Mental Health and Suicide ......................................................... 135 Public Policy ............................................................................................. 141 Positive Developments .......................................................................... 147 Selected Abbreviations Introduction A2 EU Accession 2 countries A8 EU Accession 8 countries This update gives an overview of the issues that concern minority-ethnic ASAP Asylum Support Appeals Project people, migrant workers and those who seek sanctuary in Northern AVID Association of Visitors of Immigration Detainees Ireland. It also suggests some positive actions for Christians who want BME Black and Minority Ethnic to make this a more welcoming place, where incomers are treated EMBRACE is a BSO Business Services Organisation (Health Service) with dignity. As in previous years, some of the text is unchanged, CCME Churches’ Commission for Migrants in Europe voluntary group of CEC Conference of European Churches but we also hope that this book will help to keep you up-to-date with Christians from all the CEDAW UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination new developments, such as the release of more detailed analysis of the main denominations against Women 2011 Census figures and developments in combating human trafficking. in Northern Ireland. CERD Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Our primary role is to Immigration and asylum policy, law and procedures are complex and provide information CFNI Community Foundation for Northern Ireland subject to change. Although we have tried to be as accurate as possible, COI Country of Origin Information and resources for CEAS Common European Asylum System there is always the possibility
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