Triennial Report

ON THE

F o r e ig n M is s io n s

OF THE

United Presbyterian Church

of North America

1928, 1929, 1930

V'S

The Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church of N, A. Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street Philadelphia, Pa. B U Y BONDS

We suggest that as a steward of God you give back to Him your capital when you have finished your stewardship, and in the meantime you safeguard it while securing excellent returns from it. You can do this by investing in Annuity Bonds of the Board of Foreign Missions.

This Board has faithfully administered millions of dollars of United Presbyterian money.

It has made an accounting to the General Assembly for every dollar administered.

Its accounts are examined monthly and certified annually to the General Assembly by a firm of certified public account­ ants.

Its endowment, memorials and other trust funds are kept intact and separately accounted for.

All designated funds are applied according to the instruc­ tions of the donor, with scrupulous care.

While the Board’s deficit is a handicap to its current work, it does not jeopardize its trust funds or the payment of interest on bonds.

All funds representing annuity bonds are invested in select­ ed first mortgages.

Interest on bonds is paid semi-annually without delay.

The Board’s trust funds are never used as collateral.

Secure these bonds through the Treasurer of the Board, Robert L. Latimer 24 North Front Street Philadelphia, Pa. TRIENNIAL REPORT

OF T H E Board of Foreign Missions

OF T H E

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

OF

NORTH AMERICA

Containing

Introductory Historical Sketch. Summary of the 70th, 71st and 72nd Reports of the Board, presented to the General Assemblies of 1929, 1930 and 1931. The Triennial Report of the Mission in Egypt. The Triennial Report of the Mission in India. The Triennial Report of the Mission in the Sudan. The Triennial Report of the Mission in Abyssinia.

PHILADELPHIA JO SE P H B R E N N IA N C O M P A N Y , P R IN T E R S, 3832-40 N. JASPE R ST. 1931

CONTENTS

Page

The Board of Foreign Missions...... 7

Present Roll of Missionaries ...... 8

Historical Sketch ...... 11

Act of Incorporation ...... 12

Summary of the 70th, 71st and 72nd Reports of the Board, pre­ sented to the General Assemblies of 1929, 1930 and 1931 ...... 13

General Assembly Actions in connection with Reports of the Board of Foreign Missions ...... 23

The Women’s Board ...... 26

General A ssem b ly Auctions in connection with Reports of the W o m e n ’s Board ...... 31

T riennial R eport of th e M ission in E g y p t ...... 33

Summary of Statistics for E gypt ...... 87

T riennial R eport of th e M ission in I n d i a ...... 91

Summary of Statistics for India ...... 149

T riennial R eport of th e M ission in T heS udan ...... 153

Summary of Statistics in The Sudan ...... 171

T riennial R eport of th e M ission in A b y s s in ia ...... 173

Summary of Statistics for Abyssinia ...... 186

General Summary of Statistics ...... 188

Financial Summary...... 190

List of Higher Educational Institutions...... 191

List of Medical Institutions...... 192

Indigenous Church Organizations ...... 193

General Information ...... 194

Officers of the Board Since Organization ...... 195

Alphabetical List of Missionaries...... 197

Topical Index ...... 225

FOREWORD

To bring the missionaries face to face with their tasks by­ way of gaining a true perspective of their work at intervals of every three years, to furnish the pastors of our churches with a comprehensive review of the work in foreign fields for their information in presenting particular phases of it to congrega­ tions here at home, to furnish to all contributors and interested parties a detailed account of the work to which they have con­ tributed or wish to contribute, and to keep a historical record for the Board as the agent of the Church in the cause of foreign missions, this Triennial Report is published.

Although a historical statement, it contains many incidents of interest nowhere else recorded; it brings before the vision the fact of open doors, beckoning borderlands, and untouched territories within occupied lands which had not been realized before; it presents God’s call to a branch of His Church to pray, to give and to work for the bringing in of His Kingdom with an energy and an earnestness it has never evinced before.

The office of the Board of Foreign Missions is very grate­ ful to the Editors and Editing Committees on the fields who have given themselves so faithfully to compiling the facts and preparing the material which has entered into this Report.

Philadelphia, September 1, 1931. THE BOARDS

The work in these foreign mission fields is supported by the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church, and the Women’s Board, the latter organization being responsible, with some exceptions, for the work for women and girls in all the fields.

APPOINTMENTS

Men desiring appointment to the fields should correspond with the Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Room 500, Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. W omen desiring appointment to the fields should corre­ spond with the Foreign Secretary of the Women’s Board, 904 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.

CONTRIBUTIONS

Those desiring to contribute to the work supported under the Board of Foreign Missions should address Mr. Robert L. Latimer, 24 N. Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Those desiring to contribute to the work supported under the Women’s Board should address Mrs. J. B. Hill, 904 Publi­ cation Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

Members

[ REV. C. S. C LE LA N D , D. D. I REV. W. W. MILLER 1928-1931 \ REV. W. M. ANDERSON, D. D. I MR. JOSEPH M. MORRIS [ REV. SAMUEL BROWN MR. ROBERT L. LATIMER REV. T. C. POLLOCK, D. D. 1929-1932 H MR. R O B E R T J. D O D D S REV. TAMES PARKER, Ph. D. MR. J. F. L E U P O L D REV. T. B. T U R N B U L L , D. D. MR. SAMUEL REID 1930-1933 MR. JO H N JA Y B R O O K S MR. ROBERT KILLOUGH MR. WILLIAM M. CROWE

RE V. M. G. K Y L E , D. D., H onorary Member

Officers

PRESIDENT Rev. W. M. Anderson, D. D., 1514 Master Street, Philadelphia, Pa. VICE-PRESIDENT Rev. T. C. Pollock, D. D., 5034 Hazel Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. RECORDING SECRETARY Rev. C. S. Cleland, D. D., 802 N. 17th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY Rev. W. B. Anderson, D. D., LL. D., Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. ASSOCIATE SECRETARY Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D. D., Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. EDUCATIONAL SECRETARY Miss Anna A. Milligan, Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. TREASURER Mr. Robert L. Latimer, 24 North Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. Department of Purchase and Transportation

Mr. George B. McClellan, Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

Stated meetings at 1.30 P. M. on the second Monday of each month in the Second United Presbyterian Church, on Race Street near Six­ teenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 8 Roll of Missionaries PRESENT ROLL OF MISSIONARIES

(December 31, 1930) IN EGYPT Board of Foreign Missions W om en’s Board Rev. and Mrs. J. W. Acheson Miss Anna B. Criswell Dr. and Mrs. C. C. Adams Miss Mary F. Dawson Dr. and Mrs. J. R. Alexander* Mrs. Ada A. Dunlap Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Bailey Miss Lucia Dwight Rev. and Mrs. J. M. Baird Mrs. Sara M. Eby Dr. and Mrs. J. H. Boyd Miss Gudrun C. Éstvad Dr. and Mrs. H. J. S. Buchanan Miss Davida M. Finney Dr. and Mrs. R. W. Caldwell Miss Minnehaha Finney Dr. and Mrs. E. E. Elder Miss Alta G. French Rev. and Mrs. W . T. Fairman Miss Elsie M. French Dr. and Mrs. H. L. Finley Miss Martha C. Glass Rev. and Mrs. D. Galloway Miss Eulalia D. Grether Dr. and Mrs. H. K. Giffen Miss Alice M. Grimes Rev. and Mrs. W. P. Gilmor Miss Alfaretta M. Hammond Rev. and Mrs. L. A. Gordon Miss Rena L. Hogg Dr. and Airs. A. F. Grant Miss May Holland Rev. and Mrs. E. E. Grice Miss M. Elizabeth Kelsey Rev. S. G. Hart, D. D.* Miss Lois D. Kingan Rev. and Mrs. F. D. Henderson Miss Lucy Lightowler Dr. and Mrs. L. M. Henry* Miss Lillian L. McClelland Dr. and Mrs. W. W. Hickman Miss Jeannette L. McCrory Mr. and Mrs. F. S. Hoyman Miss May E. McFarland Dr. and Mrs. H. S. Hutchison Miss Carol E. McMillan Rev. and Mrs. E. R. Jamieson Miss E. R oxy Martin Rev. and Mrs. W. B. Jamison Miss Helen J. Martin Dr. and Mrs. F. C. McClanahan Miss Dora B. Mason Dr. and Mrs. N. D. McClanahan Miss Sarah B. M eloy Prof. and Mrs. M. C. McFeeters Miss Helen J. Noordewier Rev. and Mrs. H. A. McGeoch Miss Marion A. Paden Dr. and Mrs. R. T. McLaughlin Miss Venna R. Patterson Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Moore Miss Frances M. Patton Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Nolin Miss M. Stella Robertson Dr. and Mrs. C. A. Owen Mrs. Rachel T. Seiver Rev. H. E. Philips, Ph. D. Miss Edna B. Sherriff Rev. and Mrs. J. A. Pollock Miss Jane C. Smith Rev. and Mrs. W. H. Reed Miss Margaret A. Smith Dr. and Mrs. M. S. R oy Miss Nellie C. Smith Dr. and Mrs. C. P. Russell Miss Marie F. Tait Rev. and Mrs. R. C. Shaub Miss Anna Y. Thompson Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Skellie Miss Mary L. Thompson Rev. and Mrs. A. A. Thompson Miss Helen M. Walker Dr. and Mrs. F. S. Thom pson Miss Laura B. Walker Rev. and Mrs. R. W. Walker Miss Ethel L. Weed Dr. and Mrs. N. B. Whitcomb Miss Elizabeth S. White W om en’s Board Miss Ida Whiteside Miss Mildred J. Allison Miss Ruth M. Williamson Miss Ella M. Barnes Miss Esther W. Wilson Miss Margaret A. Bell Miss Margaret A. Work Miss I. Leota Cabeen Miss Ruth A. Work Mrs. Mary K. Coventry Miss Laura B. Wright

* Retired from active service. Roll of Missionaries 9

IN INDIA

Board of Foreign Missions Women's Board Rev. and Mrs. D. E. Alter Miss Theresa I. Brownlee Rev. and Mrs. J. C. Alter Miss Lois M. Buchanan Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson Miss Marie E. Cash Dr. J. S. Barr* Miss M. Evelyn Cathcart Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown Miss M. Henrietta Cowden Rev. E. E. Campbell, D. D. Miss Laureila G. Dickson Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Campbell Miss Margaret J. Fehlman Dr. and Mrs. H. C. Chambers Miss Bessie Fleming Rev. and Mrs. E. V. Clements Miss Ella M. Gordon Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Colvin Miss Vida J. Graham Rev. and Mrs. O. Crowe Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Cummings Miss Nancy A. Hadley Prof. and Mrs. W. J. Downs Miss Evva P. Hartig Rev. and Mrs. R. A. Foster Miss Eva M. Hewitt Rev. and Mrs. A. W. Gordon Miss Kate A. Hill Dr. and Mrs. D. R. Gordon Miss Zarra S. H oon Rev. and Mrs. J. C. Heinrich. Miss Janette M. Howland Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McArthur Miss Reba C. Hunsberger, M. D. Rev. and Mrs. E. C. McCorinelee Miss Flora J. Jameson Dr. and Mrs. J. A. McConnelee Miss Mary Kyle Rev. and Mrs. K. MacKenzie % Miss Olive R. Laing Dr. and Mrs. J. G. Martin Miss S. Jane Lamont Dr. and Mrs. J. H. Martin* Miss Mary A. Lawrence Rev. and Mrs. R. Maxwell Miss Frances Lincoln Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Merriam Miss Mary E. Logan Rev. and Mrs. P. A. Miller Miss Elizabeth McCahon Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Millson Miss Lillian A. McConnell Rev. and Mrs. H. M. Milne Miss Rosa A. McCullough Rev. and Mrs. G. J. Murdoch Miss Eleanore W. Maconachie Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nesbitt Miss E. Josephine Martin Rev. and Mrs. S. C. Picken Miss Mary R. Martin Dr. and Mrs. E. L. Porter Miss Maude M. Miller Miss Gwynaeth R. Porter Miss Henrietta Moore Rev. and Mrs. W. H. Ross Miss Sara A. Moore Rev. T. L. Scott, D. D.* Miss Jean B. Morrison Prof. and Mrs. C. A. Stewart Miss Esther E. Moyer Dr. and Mrs. H. J. Stewart Miss Margaret L. Murdoch Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Stewart Miss Marian T. Peterson Dr. and Mrs. R. R. Stewart Miss Willa M. Ramsey Rev. and Mrs. Wm. Sutherland Miss Faith W. Reed, M. D. Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Whitfield Miss Laura Reynolds Miss Louise E. Scott Women’s Board Miss Rose Shereda Miss Emma Dean Anderson Miss J. P. Simpson, M. D. Miss Ruth I. Ardrey Miss Kate E. Spencer Miss Helen Artman Miss Emma M. Stauffer Miss Kathryn Beattie Miss Vivian L. Trimble Miss Minnie E. Beatty Miss M. Edna W ard Miss Roma B. Beatty Miss Edith Weede Miss Hazel Bennett Miss Georgia Wengert Miss R. Jean Black Miss Maria White, M. D. Miss M. Lois Boyd Miss Dora B. W hitely Miss Frances E. Brown Miss Gertrude Zink

* Retired from active service. 10 Roll of Missionaries

IN THE SUDAN

Board of Foreign Missions Women’s Board Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Adair Miss Mary E. Coie Rev. and Mrs. J. L. Anderson Miss Una Coie Dr. and Mrs. T. F. Crabbe Miss Esther M. Ganter Rev. and Mrs. R. L. Edie Miss Elsie E. Grove Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Finley Miss Ray H. Huffman Rev. and Mrs. Leander Finley Miss Marguerite M. McClellan Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Gephardt Miss Aulora R. McIntyre Dr. and Mrs. J. K. Giffen Miss Mary J. McKnight Rev. and Mrs. J. A. Heasty Miss Ruth M. Parkes Rev. H. H. McClellan Miss E. Verna Pillow Mr. and Mrs. J. P. McKnight Miss C. Blanche Soule Rev. G. P. Reed Miss Frances Turk Rev. and Mrs. R. F. Shields Rev. and Mrs. P. J. Smith Dr. and Mrs. G. A. Sowash

IN ABYSSINIA

Board of Foreign Missions Women’s Board Dr. and Mrs. Stuart Bergsma Miss Edith C. Anderson Rev. and Mrs. B. B. Buchanan Miss Dora B. Arveson Dr. and Mrs. V. F. Dougherty Mrs. Agnes W. Bancroft Mr. and Mrs. D. C. Henry Miss Viola M. Bayne Rev. C. F. Kenneweg Miss Ruth C. Beatty Dr. and Mrs. J. S. Maxwell Miss M. Isabel Blair Dr. and Mrs. A. W. Pollock Miss Mildred Kiemele Mr. and Mrs. F. L. Russell Miss Elizabeth McKibben Mr. and Mrs. P. R. West Mrs. Ruth L. Walker Miss Florence D. White Historical Sketch 11

HISTORICAL SKETCH

The United Presbyterian Church of North America came into existence in 1858, through the union of the Associate Re­ formed Presbyterian and the Associate Presbyterian Churches. The first General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church met in Xenia, Ohio, in May, 1859. At that meeting a Board of Foreign Missions was chosen, consisting of nine members, and to this Board was committed the care of the several missions which had been inaugurated by the two branches of the Church prior to the union. Circumstances, which seemed wholly provi­ dential, led to the abandonment of three of the missions and the concentration of the Church’s strength upon the other two fields; the Trinidad Mission was given over in 1867 to the Pres­ byterian Church of the Lower Provinces (now the Presbyte­ rian Church of Canada) ; the China Mission was transferred to the Rhenish Missionary Society in 1878; the Syrian Mission was transferred in 1878 to the care of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland. The Missi'on in Egypt, established in 1854, recognizes at least 12,000,000 of the population as constituting its legitimate mission field, and its operations extend from the Mediterranean to the first Cataract. The Mission in India, established in 1855, includes within its field, wholly or in large part, some seven government dis­ tricts of the Punjab, with a population of more than 5,000,000; adjoining, though as yet unoccupied, territory in Kashmir may also be recognized as its legitimate field. In 1900, the Mission in Egypt extended its operations be­ yond the frontiers of Egypt proper into the Sudan. This Mis­ sion has now a separate and definite organization of its own, carrying a responsibility for 2,000,000 people. In 1920, as an extension of the work in the Sudan, a new mission station was opened in Abyssinia at Sayo. The General Assembly of 1922 formally accepted Abyssinia as a mission field of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. The population of this land is supposed to be about 10,000,000. In 1923, when three centers of missionary operation had been un­ dertaken in Abyssinia, it was considered necessary to separate from the Sudan and organize a distinct Abyssinia Mission. 12 Act of Incorporation

ACT OF INCORPORATION.

A n A c t to I n c o r p o r a t e t h e B oard of F o r e ig n M is s io n s of t h e

U n it e d P resbyterian C h u r c h of N o r t h A m e r ic a

W h e r e a s , The General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America has a Board of Foreign Missions composed of ministers and laymen, members of the said church, the design of which is the es­ tablishing and conducting Christian Missions among the unevangelized or pagan nations, and the general diffusion of Christianity. A n d W h e r e a s , The aforesaid Board o f Foreign Missions labors under serious disadvantages as to receiving donations and bequests, and as to the mangement of funds entrusted to them for the purpose designated in their Constitution, and in accordance with the benevolent intentions of those from whom such bequests and donations are received; therefore:' S e c t io n I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in General Assembly met and is hereby enacted by the authority of the same: That James Prestley, John B. Dales, Francis Church, Thomas H. Hanna, Samuel C. Huey, William Getty, Thomas Stinson, and William W . Barr, citizens of the United States and of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and their successors, are hereby constituted and declared to be a body politic and corporate, which shall henceforth be known by the name of the B oard of F oreign M issions of th e U nited P resby­ terian C hurch of N orth A merica, and as such shall have perpetual succession, and be able to sue and be sued in all the courts of record and elsewhere, and to purchase and receive, take and hold to them and their successors forever, lands, tenements, hereditaments, money, goods and chattels and all kind of estate which may be devised, bequeathed or given to them, and the same to sell, alien, demise and convey, also to make and use a common Seal, and the same to alter and renew at their pleasure, and also to make such rules, by-laws and ordinances, as may be needful for the government of the said Corpora­ tion, and not inconsistent with the Constitution and laws of the United States and this State. Provided always, that the clear and annual income of the real and personal estate held by this Corporation shall not at any time exceed the sum of twenty thousand dollars. The Corporation or persons above named shall hold their offices for three years from the date of this act, and until their successors are duly qualified to take their places who shall be chosen at such times and in such way and manner as shall be prescribed by the said General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America. The said Board hereby incorporated and their successors shall be subject to the direction of said General Assembly of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, have full power to manage the funds and property committed to their care in such a manner as shall be most advantageous, not being contrary to law. J a m e s R. K e l l y , Speaker of the House of Representatives. D. F l e m in g , Speaker of the Senate. Approved the Twelfth day of April, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. A. G. C u r t i n , Governor. THE TRIENNIAL REPORT

OF THE Board of Foreign Missions

OF THE United Presbyterian Church

OF

North America 1928, 1929, 1930

The report which follows is the fifth Triennial Report of the foreign mission work of the United Presbyterian Church. This report follows that for the years 1925-27. The period covered by this report has done much to reveal the necessity of God’s plan to evangelize the world. As never before, the unity of the world has become evident and the de­ pendence of races and nations one upon another. Whether she will or not, America has been compelled by the stress of cir­ cumstances to enter world activities, and that as a leader. At the same time, she and all other nations have been driven to the conclusion that the only foundations upon which lasting inter­ national understanding can be built must be spiritual. Endur­ ing foundations must be laid upon truth, and He is the Truth. The very first thing the whole world needs today is the gospel of Jesus Christ. The first and supreme thing that Christ has told the Church to do is to give the world that gospel. Human life in the entire world is being profoundly affected by the financial depression resulting from social and economic maladjustment. It is well for us to note, however, that retrench- Triennial Report ment made necessary by a decrease in budgets for foreign mis­ sions cannot be laid primarily to this depression. Retrenchment in this work began at a time of very great financial prosperity. The reasons for this decreasing budget are to be sought further, and should be sought until discovered so clearly that conditions might be dealt with. What Christ expects from His Church to meet this greatest and most immediate need of the world is what He Himself gave; that is, the limit of sacrifice. While reductions in budget and staff have been distressing during this period, progress in the advancement of the Kingdom abroad has been most encouraging. In the two older fields, Egypt and India, the Church has continued to develop and in- creasingfy to assume its natural functions. There is evident a growing spirit of self-reliance and of responsibility for the evangelization of these fields. In these two countries there has been a net increase of 2,377 in the membership of the Churches and of twenty in the number of organized congregations. These Churches are no longer our children or our wards, but they are our sister Churches in the Orient. While in America our spir­ itual state may be indicated by our contributions, it is good to know that in our fields abroad spiritual progress cannot be limited by our financial shortcomings. For several years, Missions throughout the world and Mis­ sion Boards in Europe and America have been wrestling with problems of changing religious conditions and attitudes in the homeland and the foreign field. These bodies have continued, earnestly striving to hold secure the things in foreign mission work that are essential to the gospel of Christ and to His plan for the development of His Church, while adjusting their opera­ tions to changes that are taking place. During this triennium many of these problems have emerged into the thinking of Christian people everywhere. It is necessary that all those con­ cerned should continue to face these changing conditions, and necessarily resulting adjustments, with patient courage. Mis­ sions and Boards are human. Mistakes have been made in the past, but compared with the successes, the failures are few and none of them beyond remedy. Wherever discovered, earnest effort is being made to correct the mistakes of the past, without such revolutionary measures as to cause disaster to existing institutions of worth. This report brings to us the assurance that the living God is still true to His promises and ready to work through any who will be faithful and obedient. Triennial Report—In Memoriam 15

IN MEMORIAM

Mr. IFrrd ©. ^hatte

In the death of Mr. Fred O. Shane at his home in German­ town, Philadelphia, on April 18th, 1929, the Board lost one of its most valued members. He was born in Salineville, Ohio, March 1st, 1865. His early years were spent in Steubenville, Ohio, in which place and in Pittsburgh he received his education. In 1884 be began his business life in Philadelphia, eventually becoming the senior member in the firm of Shane Brothers and Wilson, flour mer­ chants. Mr. Shane was elected a member of the Board of Foreign Missions in 1905 and until the time of his death served as a member of this Board, being an unusual counselor and a devot­ ed believer in the Church’s mission to evangelize the world. He was an earnest and active member of the United Pres­ byterian Church of Germantown, being one of the founders of that congregation and a member of its session. He was ever ready to give generously of his means, his time and his counsels to the missionary cause, and his death left a vacancy in the Board that will long be felt. At its meeting on May 13th, 1929, the Board of Foreign Missions took action as follows: “ W e note with sorrow the vacancy in our member­ ship through the death of Mr. Fred O. Shane on April 18th. “ Because of his intense devotion to Christ, his broad sympathies, his intelligent interest in foreign missions, and his sound judgment, Mr. Shane has for twenty-four years rendered for the cause represented by this Board a service to the Church that is invaluable. “The Board records its gratitude to God for the serv­ ice and fellowship of such a life, and prays for grace to be given it to continue such service until this work is completed. “ It orders that this record be entered in its minutes, a copy sent to the bereaved family, and that it be in­ cluded in the Report of the Board to the next General Assembly.” 16 Triennial Report—In America

IN AMERICA

The three Secretaries of the Board, its Treasurer, and the manager of the department of transportation and purchase have continued throughout the triennium in the exercise of the duties of their offices. In 1929, Dr. Chambers found it possible to return to his work in India. During the remainder of the three years valu­ able services, for a longer or shorter period, have been rendered in the office by Rev. Raymond L. Edie, Rev. J. Willard Ache- son, Rev. J. Lowrie Anderson, Dr. C. P. Russell, and Rev. Harvey H. McClellan. During this period the entire Church has been covered in the area cultivation. Within that time, missionaries, singly or in groups, have visited most of the congregations of the Church. Illustrated lectures have been distributed, as called for, a motion picture presentation has been made available, the booklet “ The Great Physician in Our Foreign Fields” has been prepared and distributed, and by the generosity of interested friends three notable books on foreign missions have been dis­ tributed to pastors. In 1928, the Board found it necessary for financial reasons to reduce its budget to the extent of $100,000. and to effect this reduction to retire twenty missionary families. This reduction was put into effect and reported to the next Assembly. Through the response of friends, it was possible outside the budget to make provision for the restoration of all such missionaries as could return until their support could be again placed within the budget through the ordinary retirement of missionaries. The Board has continued to cooperate with the summer missionary conferences. It has promoted mission study, co­ operated in the building of the programs, and supplied mission­ ary speakers and leaders. These conferences are one of the most fruitful sources of missionary inspiration to the Church. There has been continued through the years the band of those agreeing to the following statement: “It is my purpose on suitable occasions of private, family and public intercession to pray for the adequate occupation of our foreign mission fields with Christian workers; that all workers we send out may be ade­ quately supported by the Church; and that the power Triennial Report—In America 17

of the Holy Spirit may be upon the Boards administer­ ing- the work, our missionaries, and all who in our fields accept Christ.” The number of those entering into this agreement is in­ creasing, and their prayers must be a power in the Kingdom. For the first two years of the period “ Missionary Applica­ tions” for the “Bible Teacher” were supplied at the request of the Board of Publication. When this department of the “Bible Teacher” was discontinued a booklet of “Missionary Illustra­ tions on the Sabbath School Lessons” was issued and has proved very acceptable to Sabbath School workers. The book­ let “Tell Us a Story” has also had a wide circulation and has proved very useful.

OUR FINANCES

These have been years of financial difficulty. They do not coincide with the financial depression which is now prevalent, and reasons for the decreasing budget of this Board must be sought in other quarters. At the beginning of this period the approved budget of the Board was $656,720. At the end of the period it was $572,512 or a reduction of $84,208. The expendi­ tures reported to the Assembly of 1928 were $651,412, and to the Assembly of 1930 were $547,890, or a reduction of $103,522. The Board reported to the Assembly of 1928 an accumu­ lated deficit in its current funds of $248,357, and to the Assembly of 1930 the sum of $183,245, or a reduction of $65,112.* During these years thè following funds have been estab­ lished :

In 1928-29 — Mrs. Mary H. S. Jackson Memorial Fund. Principal $39,766- .39. From the estate of Mrs. Mary 'H. S. Jackson, deceased, the income to be used for work in the Sudan. Special Fund from “An Anonymous Friend, Nebraska.” Prin­ cipal $22,500.00. Subject to a life annuity. Eventually the in­ come to be used in Laymen’s Bible Training Schools for na­ tives in the foreign fields.

In 1929-30 — “A Friend” Permanent Endowment Fund. Principal $100,- 000,00. Designated for the Permanent Endowment Fund of the Board, the income only to be used so long as needed for the support of all or any of the twenty retired missionaries until their support can be absorbed in the regular budget ; and when

* In 1930-31, $57,600 was again added to the deficit. 18 Triennial Report—In America no longer so needed, this annual income to be used at the dis­ cretion of the Board, except that it must not be used to liqui­ date a deficit.

Rev. John A. Shrader Memorial Fund. Principal $2,000.00, the income to be used for the benefit of the India Mission, be­ ing a bequest of Rev. John A. Shrader, deceased.

John and Jane Shrader Memorial Hospital Endowment Fund. Principal $40,000.00, the income to be used for the benefit of the “Shrader Memorial Hospital,” Khartum, Sudan, being a be­ quest of Rev. John A. Shrader, deceased, in memory of his parents.

Mrs. Nettie Turner Memorial Fund. Principal $500.00, the income to be used at present for a scholarship in Pressly Me­ morial Institute, Egypt, with the option of applying it later for a Bible woman, or any other cause which the Board may deem best. Donated by Mr. S. R. Turner and Miss Mabel E. Turner, Clarinda, Iowa.

Sarah Eleanor Sawyer Memorial Fund. Principal $38,000.00, being a bequest from the estate of Miss Sarah Eleanor Sawyer, the income of which is to be applied to the annual salary of Dr. W. W. Hickman, of the W. J. Sawyer Memorial Science Hall, Assiut, Egypt, or his successor.

Sarah Eleanor Sawyer Memorial Equipment Fund. Principal $3,000.00, being a bequest from the estate of Miss Sarah Eleanor Sawyer, the income of which is to be applied for equipment and repair of the W. J. Sawyer Memorial Science Hall, Assiut, Egypt.

Andrew Watson Library Trust Fund. Principal $500.00, to be held by the Board for a period of ten years, the income to be applied for the purchase of books for the Library of the Ameri­ can Girls’ College, Cairo, Egypt, the Board being given the lib­ erty, after ten years, to invest the principal or interest in some other way for the service of the College, if it deems wise, being a bequest of Mrs. Margaret Watson, in memory of her husband, Rev. Andrew Watson, D. D.

Andrew Watson Library Fund. Principal $500.00, to be held by the Board for a period of ten years, the income to be applied for the purchase of books for the library of the Evangelical Theological Seminary at Cairo, Egypt, the Board being given the liberty after ten years to invest the principal or interest in Triennial Report—In America 19

some other way for the service of the Seminary, being a bequest of Mrs. Margaret Watson in memory of her husband, Rev. Andrew Watson, D. D.

Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Work Fund. Principal $500.00. Do­ nated by Mr. Robert M. W ork, the income to be applied for a scholarship in Assiut College, Egypt.

Robert P. Johnston Memorial Fund. Principal $2,000.00, be­ ing a bequest from the estate of Robert P. Johnston, deceased, the income to be used for the work of the Board.

In 1930-31 —

Anna Laura Crone Fund. Principal $1,000.00. Donated by Mrs. A. B. Fulton, to endow a bed in Assiut Hospital, Egypt, to be known as the “Anna Laura Crone Bed.”

Mary Veghte Veeder Memorial Fund. Principal $2,000.00. Being a bequest from the estate of Mrs. Mary Veghte Veeder, the income to be used for support and maintenance of the Mary Veghte Veeder School, at Bakheriyali Chak, 136, Punjab, India. If the school should not require this support, then the option is given to the Board to use its best judgment in using the in­ come for the general uses and purposes of the Board of Foreign Missions.

James T. and Sarah E. Woods of Princeton, Indiana Memorial Fund. Principal $950.00. Being a bequest from the estate of Mrs. Sarah E. W oods, the income to be applied for the work of the Board.

Carrie M. Buchanan, Lit. D., Memorial Fund. Principal $4,500.00. A bequest from the estate of the late Dr. Carrie M. Buchanan, the income to be applied for the Girls’ College, Cairo.

Mrs. Jessie Hogg McClenahan Memorial Fund. Principal $4,500.00. A bequest from the estate of the late Dr. Carrie M. Buchanan, the income to be applied to Pressly Memorial Insti­ tute, “ to be received by them as a memorial to Mrs. Jessie Hogg McClenahan.”

Samuel Russell Turner Memorial Fund. Principal $500.00. Given by Miss Mabel Turner, Clarinda, Iowa, in memory of her father, the income to be applied “either for a worthy girl in Pressly Memorial Institute, a Bible woman or whatever object in the judgment of the Board seems best.” 20 Triennial Report— In America

SPECIAL THANKS

The Board wishes to express its thanks to all those agen­ cies, institutions and individuals who have come to its help throughout the triennium with service, gifts and prayers. Among them the following should be especially mentioned: 1. The Women’s Board which has continued to carry the support of the unmarried women, serving as our missionaries in the four fields, and which has continued to assume increas­ ingly the responsibility of the support of all the work that is being done distinctively for women and children. 2. The Columbia Hospital at Pittsburgh, which has con­ tinued its generous care of missionaries who have returned on furlough in need of medical aid. The gratitude of the whole Church is due this institution for this generous help that is rendered to its missionaries. The missionaries repeatedly ex­ press their thanks for an institution such as this made possible by gifts of friends. 3. The generous efforts of Mr. and Mrs. O. S. Johnston of Santa Ana, California, which have been continued in the matter of securing Ford cars for mission work. This help has been much appreciated by the missionaries and the Board.

4. The United Presbyterian, the Christian Union Herald and the Women's Missionary Magazine which have given generously of their space to the cause of foreign missions. Through the columns of these periodicals the Church has been kept informed concerning its work abroad. The following have contributed large amounts during the tri­ ennium : Mr. and Mrs. W. P. Fraser; Mr. and Mrs. C. M. Kefover; Dr. and Mrs. H. T.'McLaughlin; Mr. and Mrs. Robert Kil- lough; Miss Elizabeth M. Warden; Miss Alice F. Warden; Mr. Fred C. MacMillan; Mr. Joseph M. Morris; Mr. and Mrs. Roy Peterson; Miss Elizabeth Paterson; Miss Janet M. Lambie; Mrs. Susie M. Glick; A. G. Patterson, Esq.; Mr. J. E. Nelson; Mr. George F. Reynolds; “A Friend of Missions” ; Mrs. Ada Reber; Miss Jennie H. Poole; Miss Anna A. Milligan; Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Martin; Mrs. Lillie B. Dinkey; Mrs. Mary M. Montgomery; Miss S. Gertrude Quigley; Mr. William W right; Mr. Robert J. Dodds; Mrs. Ada C. Cowan; Mrs. Nannie M. Knobloch; Mr. S. P. Junk; Dr. Anna M. Jack; Mr. Edward S. Bickett; Mr. and Mrs. R. H. Bowman; “ A Friend, Cambridge, New York” ; Miss M. Emma Adair; Dr. and Mrs. John Bechtel; Rev. and Mrs. William Nicholl; Miss Mary J. Wilson; Mrs. Peter McCornack; Prof. and Mrs. O. S. Johnston; Mr. and Mrsi Triennial Report—In America 21

Fred L. Todd; Mr. John De Vinney; Mr. and Mrs. Robert Doriety; Mrs. William M. Burwell; Mrs. A. M. Caldwell; Mrs. Jennette Fuller; Mr. and Mrs. H. M. Neal; Rev. and Mrs. J. I. K rohn; Charles M. Hull, E sq.; Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Brittain; Mrs. Louise McCalmont; Mr. W . H. Ochiltree; Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Elder; “A Friend” ; Mrs. Ida E. Lang; Miss Mary Mc- Elree; Dr. Thomas E. French; Mrs. A. H. Jamison; Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Croy; Mr. John H. Harms; Mr. J. O. Springer; Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Walter Campbell; “A Friend of Foreign Mis­ sions” ; “A Friend,” per Mrs. R. G. McGill; Miss Anna B. Junk; Miss Ella S. Junk; “A Friend” ; Mr. and Mrs. J. P. Cameron, Jr.; Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Frazee; Rev. A. A. Thompson; Rev. Harris J. Stewart, D. D .; Mrs. Margaret Junk McDowell; Miss Ruth L. Pollock; Maggie Z. Ritchie; Miss Caroline Martin; Miss Frances E. Robinson ; J. W . White and sister, Miss Jennie W hite; Mr. and Mrs. C. M. McLaughlin; Mr. A. N. Fraser; Dr. and Mrs. J. A. McConnelee; W. B. Gibson; Miss Anna Belle Ferrier; Mr. J. B. Sutherland; Mrs. Mary C. Nevin ; Eliza­ beth Archer; “ A Friend” ; Mrs. R. J. Gibson and Miss Myra M. Gibson; Miss Georgia C. Weede; Miss Catherine Edwards; Mrs. Zella M. Robins; Mrs. W. H. McFarland, Elizabeth B. and Jeannette McFarland; Mr. John D. M cKee; Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Dinsmore; Mr. John W. Jackson; Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D. D .; Rev. R. C. Shaub; A Short Term Teacher; Rev. S. G. Hart, D. D .; Miss Charlotte J. Sanford ; Mr. William H. Jami­ son ; Misses Kate M. and Josephine Gladden; Miss Lizzie J. Frazer; R. G. Washabaugh; Mrs. Mary C. Fegan; Mrs. Martha A. Jamison; Mr. John C. H ill; C. M. Jamieson; Mr. and Mrs. H. A. Bogle; Rev. A. W . Jamieson, D. D .; Mr. and Mrs. J. Mason Prugh; Miss Stella M. W iley ; T. Gray Johnston; J. Stewart Jamieson; Dr. J. A. Johnston; Miss Carol E. McMil­ lan; C. L. Reed Lumber Co.; Miss Jennie Black; Judge J. D. Bigger; Mr. Frank B. Farren; Mr. and Mrs. Glenn I. Kirkton; Mr. and Mrs. J. C. A lter; Mr. and Mrs. A. C. Evans; “ Friends” ; “ Cash W . J. K.” ; A. T. Gordon; Mrs. James McGaw; Mr. and Mrs. John H. Glass; Mr. and Mrs. Ira B. McCorkle; Dr. L. H. Stepp; Mr. C. E. Keyes; Mr. Archie Morrison; Miss Priscilla W ilson; Mr. and Mrs. T. W. Gordon; Dean R. Campbell; Miss Martha J. Brown ; “A Friend” per Rev. E. E. Grice; The Millen Family; Mrs. John H. Harms; Mrs. George W. Belsey; Miss Emma B. Fergus; Mr. J. O. Springer; “A Member of First Church, Allegheny” ; “A Friend,” Nebraska; The Misses W oods; Mr. William M. Crowe; J. A. Gibson; Miss Margaret A. Jamieson; Mr. Earle Ormsby; Mr. W. A. Andrews; “C. J., a friend” ; Rev. J. A. McArthur; Mr. and Mrs. Henry Murdoch and Robert Murdoch; Mr. Charles M. Maxwell; Rev. C. C. French; Dr. Elizabeth McLaughry; Friends of Mr. and Mrs. Phil R. W est; “ Friends,” per Rev. W. T. Anderson, D. D .; Mr. 22 Triennial Report—In America

Charles M. Neeld; Mrs. Ada Dickey Means; Mrs. J. G. Mc- Crory; Mr. James M. Brooks; Miss Edna G. Brown; Mrs. Martha E. M. Nelson; Mrs. John R. McLean; Miss Mary N. McLean; Mrs. Martha C. Scott; Mrs. Mary B. Hodge; Mrs. A. A. MacLachlan; Mrs. Sadie L. McBane; G. F. Hensleigh; Miss Mary Junk; Mr. Frank S. Clarke; Miss Agnes Chalmers; Miss Jennie B. Wallace; George A. Lewis; Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Russell; Mr. David McGowan; Mrs. Stella S. Speer; Mr. John A. Miller; Mr. and Mrs. J. W . McCallen; Mary M. W elch; Mr. George E. Magee; Mr. Laughlin T. Hayes; Mrs. J. D. Sands; J. R. Herron; Dr. and Mrs. W. C. Davidson; “A Friend/’ per Rev. Mills J. Taylor, D. D .; Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Robinson; Mr. and Mrs. Percy L. Craig; Miss Katherine K. George; Miss Janet C. Anderson; Mrs. H. C. Campbell; Mrs. Marie C. Sword; “F. J. J.” ; Mrs. George Veeder; Mr. John McCrory; “A Friend, Belle Center, Ohio” ; In memory of Dr. J. C. B oyd; Mrs. Helen Sands Ferry; Mrs. Lavenia D. Hoon; S. K. Cunningham; “Medicus” ; Mrs. A. L. Dickson; Mrs. B. D. Nicoll; Mr. H. H. Dawson; Miss Helen T. Brown; Rev. Dr. and Mrs. R. W. Burn­ side; Mr. and Mrs. D. Everett W aid; Emma J. U re; Mr. and Mrs. J. Harvey Borton; Mr. J. W- Newlin; Rev. Moses Hay; “A Friend,” per Rev. James Parker, Ph. D .; Ellen E. Arm­ strong. Triennial Report—In America 23

GENERAL ASSEMBLY ACTIONS

FORMAL ACTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE REPORTS OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pa. 1929

1. W e express our gratitude to God for the deep interest our United Presbyterian Church has had and still has in her Foreign Mission enterprise. 2. We deplore the apparent need for curtailment on ac­ count of inadequate pledges and engage to lay the whole mis­ sionary program of our Church on the consciences of our people. 3. W e call for an earnest, bonafide, genuine, Scriptural stewardship campaign led by men who take God at His word when He says— “ The tithe is the Lord’s.” 4. W e recommend that in the proposed Seventy-fifth Anni­ versary celebration our work abroad be given the proportionate share of recognition and emphasis. 5. That the three missionaries approved by the Women’s Board and recommended to the General Assembly for appoint­ ment to Abyssinia be appointed to this field — Miss Edith C. Anderson Mrs. Agnes H. Willoughby Bancroft Miss Mildred Kiemele 6. That the Board be authorized to return the recalled mis­ sionaries and to re-establish discontinued work just as rapidly as the necessary funds are provided. 7. W e approve the action of the Board in its decision to participate in the new pension plan on behalf of the mission­ aries and paid officers of the Board if and when this plan is put into operation by action of the Assembly. Meeting in Des Moines, Iowa 1930

1. That the Assembly gratefully acknowledge the guidance and goodness of God, both in the administrative work of the Board and in the educational and evangelistic work of the mis­ sionaries in the various fields. 24 Triennial Report—In America

2. That the Assembly express its gratitude to those “in­ terested and generous friends” who have made it possible to send back all the twenty missionaries who are in position to .return to their respective fields. 3. That the Assembly hereby appoints Dr. and Mrs. Robert Alexander Houston as medical missionaries to Egypt, and Dr. Theodore Frederick Crabbe and Miss Raynetta Marie Eisner as medical missionaries to the South Sudan. 4. That the Board be encouraged to continue its mission­ ary education work throughout the Church and its effort to keep the congregations well informed as to the progress and needs of our great foreign mission enterprise. 5. That pastors be urged to open the way for representa­ tives of the Board and returned missionaries so that they can present this work to the members and organizations of our con­ gregations.

Meeting in Youngstown, Ohio

1931

1. That we render gratitude and praise to God for the con­ tinued success of the work of our Foreign Missionaries. He is still manifestly with them in this work. 2. That we express to our missionaries in all our fields and to the native Church our appreciation of their splendid work and our sympathy with them in the distress of these depressed times,— a distress that has come as well to the home field, and made us all companions in financial adversity. 3. That we note with sorrow the deaths, but rather in faith rejoice in the crowning of those veteran missionary sisters, Miss Cynthia Ellen Wilson and Miss Rozana Toner W ilson; and we express our deep sympathy to Dr. and Mrs. Neal D. McClana- han in the death of their promising 15-year-old son. 4. That we recommend that the Board of Foreign Missions adhere to their expressed determination to limit expenditures in the future to actual income as provided for by the Every Member Canvass and other assured income. 5. We recommend the appointment of Rev. Hugh E. Kel­ sey to Egypt be approved, and that the appointment by the Women’s Board, to Egypt, of Miss Ruth McCleery and Miss Mary Isabel Simpson, and to India of Miss Addaline Brandon, be approved. Triennial Report—In America 25

6. That the name of the Mission called Abyssinia be chang­ ed to Ethiopia. 7. That the congregations of our denomination observe “ Men and Mission’s Sabbath” November 15, 1931, and that wherever possible on that day the pastor of each local church preach on some phase of the general theme “ Men and Missions.” 8. W e recommend that a reduction of $50,000 be made by means of a horizontal cut from field classes and home adminis­ tration dating from May 1, 1931. This constitutes a reduction of 20.8 per cent. 9. Further, we recommend that the classes comprising mis­ sionaries’ salaries and allowances be reduced by $50,000 as rapidly as this can be done without injustice to any missionary concerned, this reduction to be completed by June 1, 1932. This constitutes a reduction of 15.15 per cent. 10. Regarding the question of cooperation between the missionaries and the Synods on the Foreign fields, nothing but matters of information and a request for prayer are before the Assembly in the Foreign Board’s Report. 11. W e recommend, therefore, that relations between the Missions and the Synods be made a subject for prayer, as re­ quested by the Board’s Report. 26 Triennial Report—In America

THE WOMEN’S BOARD

The Women’s General Missionary Society of the United Presbyterian Church of North America is a Pennsylvania Cor­ poration and consequently must have a Board. As this Board consists of fifteen women it is commonly recognized as “The W’omen’s Board” instead of the Board of Directors. Its charter enumerates the departments of work in which it may engage in connection with other Boards and declares it is to undertake nothing except work undertaken by the General Assembly. By an arrangement with the Board of Foreign Missions the selection, election and support of all unmarried women in our four foreign fields is a direct responsibility of the Women’s Board. The purchase of land and the erection of buildings for institutional work is taken up from time to time after consulta­ tion with the Board of Foreign Missions and the several mis­ sion fields, as our finances will allow. This Board reports directly to the General Assembly and keeps its members thoroughly informed of the progress of the work through The Women's Missionary Magazine. For the sake of securing a complete record of all the work done in foreign mission fields, the Board of Foreign Missions includes in its Triennial Report the work done by the W omen’s Board. The receipts and disbursements are separately accounted for and a distinction is made in the report concerning the insti­ tutions and missionaries supported by the two Boards. The Women’s Board is solely responsible for the following : India * Support of: Sixty-four missionaries Fifty-five Bible Women

t Maintenance of: Hospitals: Memorial, Sialkot White Memorial, Fasrur Good Samaritan, Jhelum Mary B. Reid, Sargodha

* Support of missionaries includes salaries, language teachers, travel, sanitarium, itinerating and station expenses. Full support, accord­ ing to our Board of Foreign Missions, means double the salary. That is, if a salary is $800., full support is $1,600. a year. Sending out new missionaries is an additional expense and includes outfit money and traveling expenses to the field, f Maintenance of institutions includes taxes, repairs, furniture, instru­ ments, garden tools, seeds, food, clothing, books, medicine and itinerating; salaries of superintendents, nurses, teachers, doctors, Bible Women, matrons and servants. Triennial Report—In America 27

Dispensaries: Bhera Jhelum Kala Pasrur Pathankot Sargodha Sialkot Ladies’ Bungalows: Attock Abbottabad Campbellpur Jhelum Pasrur South Pathankot Sargodha Sheikhupura Sialkot Elizabeth Gordon Home Rawalpindi Zafarwal Gujranwala Gurdaspur Girls’ Boarding Schools: Sangla Hill Sialkot Sargodha Sangla Hill Pasrur John and Jane Denham Memorial, Pathankot Girls’ Day Schools: Sialkot District, 6 Gujranwala District, 7 Rawalpindi District, 2 Khangah Dogran District, 2 Sargodha District, 23 Dhariwal Gurdaspur Gujarkhan Pathankot Zafarwal Jhelum Mary D. Taylor Memorial, Martinpur Lyallpur The estimates granted for India for the ensuing year amount to $120,578. Egypt * Support of: Fifty-five missionaries Sixty-five Bible Women

* Support of missionaries includes salaries, language teachers, travel, sanitarium, itinerating and station expenses. Full support, accord­ ing to our Board of Foreign Missions, means double the salary. That is, if a salary is $800., full support is $1,600. a year. Sending out new missionaries is an additional expense and includes outfit money and traveling expenses to the field. 28 Triennial Report— In America

f Maintenance of: Martha McKeown Hospital, Tanta Hospital Residences, Tanta Girls’ Boarding Schools: A lexandria Beni Suef Benha Fayoum Mansoura L uxor Tanta Girls’ Day Schools: Sharabia Faggala Karmous Kharunfish Kafr-el-Ashari Dispensaries and Clinics: Benha Tanta Community Centers: Tanta Benha Beni Suef Mansoura Fayoum Mary Herron Rest Home, Ramleh The estimates granted for Egypt for the ensuing year amount to $87,368. Sudan * Support of: Twelve missionaries Two Bible Women t Maintenance of: Bible Women’s House, Khartum North Girls’ Boarding and Day School, Khartum North “William Little” Girls’ Day School, Wadi Haifa Support of two trained nurses—Nasser Support of one trained nurse—Khartum North The estimates for the Sudan for the ensuing year amount to $26,323.

Abyssinia * Support of: Ten missionaries f Maintenance of institutions includes taxes, repairs, furniture, instru­ ments, garden tools, seeds, food, clothing, books, medicine and itinerating; salaries of superintendents, nurses, teachers, doctors, Bible Women, matrons and servants. * Support of missionaries includes salaries, language teachers, travel, sanitarium, itinerating and station expenses. Full support, accord­ ing to our Board of Foreign Missions, means double the salary. That is, if a salary is $800., full support is $1,600. a year. Sending out new missionaries is an additional expense and includes outfit money and traveling expenses to the field. Triennial Report— In America 29

t Maintenance of: , George Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa Two missionaries’ residences, Addis Ababa Girls’ Boarding School, Addis Ababa The estimates granted to Abyssinia for the ensuing year amount to $19,171. The foregoing- estimates do not include outfit money, traveling expenses or salaries for new missionaries who go out in 1931, neither do they include furlough salaries for mission­ aries who are now in this country. The Women’s Board is happy to report the election of seven new missionaries in the year that has just closed. W e would have been pleased had the Lord sent us double that num­ ber as the ranks of workers in all four fields are greatly de­ pleted. The following three-year financial summary constitutes an interesting exhibit of the large share the women of the Church have in forwarding the cause of missions in the fields abroad: RECEIPTS i i Foreign Foreign Year General Salaries | N. W . M. Total

1928-29 $174,871.34 $113,418.30 $86,968.58 $375,258.22 1929-30 $188,837.58 $112,391.29 $33,657.27 $334,886.14 1930-31 $182,928.92 $111,673.16 $28,911.06 $323,513.14

Total $546,637.84 $337,482.75 $149,536.91 $1,033,657.50

Total Receipts for Foreign Work in three years...... $1,033,657.50

DISBURSEMENTS

1928-29 $173,067.74 $117,205.05 | $72,216.67 $362,489.46 1929-30 $181,014.08 $111,328.08 | $58,384.71 $350,726.87 1930-31 $219,935.22 $111,746.80 [ $23,557.94 $355,239.96 I Total $574,017.04 Ì $340,279.93 | $154,159.32 ...... 1 I...... 1 Total Disbursements for Foreign W ork in three y ea rs $1,068,456.29 The Women’s Board expended, in the year just closed: $219,935.22 from Foreign General Funds and $23,557.94 from N. W . M. funds; and for salaries, $111,746.80. This makes a grand total of $355,239.96 expended by the Foreign Depart­ ment for the year closing April 15, 1931. The Foreign General Balance was $10,711.14 and in the Foreign Salary account there was a balance of $41,167.97- t Maintenance of institutions includes taxes, repairs, furniture, instru­ ments, garden tools, seeds, food, clothing, books, medicine and itinerating; salaries of superintendents, nurses, teachers, doctors, Bible Women, matrons and servants. 30 Triennial Report—In America

The total disbursements for foreign work in the past three years were $1,068,456.29. W e thank the Lord that He made it possible for us to increase this amount by $51,939.75 over the disbursements reported in the last Triennial Report. Triennial Report—In America 31

GENERAL ASSEMBLY ACTIONS

FORMAL ACTIONS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN CONNECTION WITH THE REPORTS OF THE W OM EN’S BOARD

Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pa. 1929 1. W e commend the W- G. M. S. for its continued mis­ sionary zeal and careful management of its business enterprises. W e find from among its field workers great satisfaction with the flexibility of control and continued sympathy from the home office. 2. We commend the Foreign Department in the excellent work which it is maintaining in so stable a manner. 3. W e recommend the increased use and circulation of this Board's publications as most useful agencies for assisting in the furtherance of the work of the W omen’s Board and of the whole Church. In particular we recommend a much wider use of the Prayer Cycle and express the conviction that its faithful employment by every member of the Church would bring un­ told blessings to the individual using it and to the Church and its work. W e rejoice in the organization of Prayer Groups now numbering 80, and recommend that pastors and sessions en­ courage their organization throughout the bounds of the Church. Meeting in Des Moines, Iowa 1930 That the General Assembly commend the Women’s Gen­ eral Missionary Society to all our women and the Church at large that it may have an increasing moral and financial sup­ port. Meeting in Youngstown, Ohio 1931 1. The Assembly expresses its sympathy with Mrs. H. C. Campbell, a member of the Board, in the accident which has confined her for so many months to her room in Columbia Hospital, and its hope for her speedy recovery. It also com­ mends the faith and courage which enables her to carry on her important work for the Church in spite of her disability. 32 Triennial Report—In America

2. It continues to approve and commend the work being done by the women of the Church under the direction of the Women’s Board. 3. It directs the publication, in its Annual Minutes, of the names of the President and Secretary of the Women’s Board as Advisory Members of the Board of Administration. 4. It suggests to the W omen’s Board a brief statement each year in its report to the General Assembly, of the reason for carrying over so large a cash balance. 5. It advises the use, by the whole Church, of the Prayer Cycle published each year by the Women’s Board. 33

IN. EGYPT

1928 -1930

Egypt—In Memoriam 35

IN MEMORIAM

Myb. Attdmu Batacn

Born in New Brunswick, August 25, 1833 Arrived on the Mission Field, 1861 Died in Cairo, Egypt, January 11, 1929

In the death of Mrs. Andrew Watson, on January 11, 1929, the Mission lost a devoted fellow-worker and a loyal friend. After the death if her husband in December 1916, Mrs. Watson made her home for a time with one of the mission families and later with her son, Dr. Charles Watson. Through all these years the bond between herself and the Mission remained strong to the end. She loved to visit amongst old friends, and always offered to spend her summers sharing the'duties devolving upon the missionaries at the Orphanage and the College for Girls. It is in memory of this warm friendship and close companion­ ship as well as in acknowledgment of the long years of un­ selfish service she gave to our Mission that we here record our sense of loss at her passing. Margaret McVicar Watson was born in New Brunswick, August 25, 1833. The family later moved to Wisconsin, and here, in 1861, she married Andrew Watson, then under ap­ pointment as a missionary to Egypt. They sailed soon after­ wards, and took up the work in Alexandria begun by Dr. Lans­ ing and Dr. Hogg. A few years later they were sent to open work in Mansura, and in 1873 moved to Cairo which became their permanent home. During the early years of her life, those characteristics for which she later became so well known began to be clearly mani­ fest. As living conditions were difficult and often unsanitary, a great deal of adjusting had to be done by a young woman who always liked things done carefully and well. Yet, faced with any emergency, Mrs. Watson remained calm and serene. A good manager and not easily perturbed, other missionaries soon learned to turn to her for advice and help. Mrs. Watson was always deeply devoted to her husband’s work. For many years, Dr. Watson was called upon to rep­ resent the Mission's interests in countless ways. Mrs. Watson gave her loyal support, and worked in behalf of many enter­ prises and organizations. She entertained visitors of every na­ tionality with such graciousness and tact that she became famous as a hostess. Always simple and unaffected, she wel- 36 Egypt—In Memoriam

corned the great and those of low degree, and made them feel at home. Those missionaries who had the privilege of living with her often spoke of her as “Mother Watson.” Perhaps one reason for the high esteem and deep affection in which she was universally held was that she never tolerated criticism of others in her presence. When any disparaging remarks were made, Mrs. Watson always quietly changed the subject. To the very end of her ninety-five and a half years, the stream of Mrs. Watson’s life flowed full and strong. Age did not impair her faculties or lessen her interest in the Lord’s work. In her closing days she talked with those nearest to her of the better land, and her last words were full of joy and hope.

Mrs. 1. PiiltpB

Born near Topeka, Kansas, July 19, 1878 Arrived on the Mission Field, September 30, 1908 Died at Cairo, Egypt, September 14, 1929

Mrs. Philips spent the early years of her life in Topeka, and was graduated with first honors from Washburn College in 1904. After a short course in the Y. W. C. A. Training Institute in Chicago, she became a travelling Secretary, with head­ quarters in Minneapolis, Minnesota. On June 30, 1908, she was married to Dr. H. E. Philips, and in September of that year sailed with him for Egypt. After one year of Arabic study in Cairo, Dr. and Mrs. Philips were appointed to Alexandria, Dr. Philips having charge of the Boys’ School. Here their daughter Harriet was born. In 1911 they were sent to Luxor to have charge of the educational and evangelistic work of that large and important district. For seven years Mrs. Philips gave herself most gener­ ously to this work and her name is still known and loved in many villages, especially perhaps in Karnak where she went every week. Except for one year spent in Tanta and one in Assiut, Dr. and Mrs. Philips lived in Cairo after 1919, Dr. Philips having charge of evangelistic work in or near Cairo. W hile in Assiut and later in Cairo, Mrs. Philips organized a “ Lotus Club” among the graduates of the Mission’s higher school for girls, and she always look a keen interest in these young women. Mrs. Philips’ sympathies were broad, and her interests were quickly aroused in behalf of any enterprise for the betterment of women. Her special contribution to missionary work was along two lines. The first was her work for the Y. W . C. A. For years she Egypt—In Memoriam 3 7 served on its Council, then as its Honorary Secretary, and finally as its President. She always interpreted the purpose and aim of the Association as that implied by its name. To her mind, it was the organized effort of Christian women to serve others in need of help or encouragement. The second form of service that claimed her deepest interest was leading Egyptian women into independent, constructive work. It was largely through her efforts that a desire was aroused among several Egyptian ladies to send a young woman to America for train­ ing as a worker among young girls. Miss Zakeya Mishriki was sent, and, after her return it was Mrs. Philips’ faith that en­ couraged the Egyptian friends to open a Girls’ Club in Ab- bassia and to make possible the fine work done there. Mrs. Philips left a host of friends behind her. To a remark­ able degree her personality impressed itself upon widely diver­ sified groups of people, both in America and in Egypt. At the time of her death, one who knew her well wrote, “ She was an outstanding personality. Her generous spirit was one of her greatest virtues. Her breadth of charity and her cordial ac­ ceptance of others spoke of the fineness of her character. Her frail body was her only limitation.” 38 Egypt—Alexandria

ALEXANDRIA (1857)

Chief seaport of Egypt, a great business center, with a cosmo­ politan population; area of the Alexandria governorate, 47 square miles; population, (1927 census) 570,413. District: Beheira province; area: part desert) 2,652 square miles. During the past ten years the population of the city has increased by 28.3%, and of the district outside the city about 10%.

Missionaries: Rev. R. W. Caldwell, D. D., and Mrs. Caldwell, Rev. and Airs. W. P. Gilmor, Rev. and Mrs. L. A. Gordon, Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Nolin, Rev. M. S. Roy, D. D., and Mrs. Roy, and the Misses Mildred Allison, Ida Leota Cabeen, Edna Sherriff and Ethel Weed.

Under Short Term Appointment: Messrs. Robert Bone, F. W. Reilly, F. Leslie Speir, the Misses Ruth Davidson, Alice Evans, Caryl Evers, Genevieve Gore, Mabel Lantz, Katherine St. Clair, D. Sturges, Mary Supler and Edna Winter.

Equipment: A large four-story building in the Attarine quarter, near the business center of the city. In this building there live four mission families. Here also are the office of the General Treasurer, the general book depot, the local book store, the Boys’ Primary School (175 pupils), Boys’ Commercial School (70 pupils), and the Girls’ Central School (210 pupils). A part of the first floor is rented for business purposes. In the auditorium of this building a fine Armenian Protestant congre­ gation meets every Sabbath. On the same plot with this building is the W. J. Robinson Memorial Church.

EVANGELISTIC

City: Since the last report four new centers of work in the city and its immediate environs have been opened up through the two lay evangelists who are under the direction of the Mis­ sion. In one of the places the evangelist, who is blind, overcame bitter hostility on the part of the very fanatical Moslems of that entire section through his love and through his physical handi­ cap, which he considers a blessing. Several people have recently come into the church from that section of the city. At the other end of the city, at Aboukir, which had been visited regularly by a Bible woman, regular preaching services were begun a year and a half ago. There are now over twelve members of the church and the interest of all is very keen. They have opened a little independent school for the Christian chil­ dren of the community, and the members of the little church group administer its affairs, and care for its finances. The Karmous Church, which had just been organized at the time of the last report, has now an ordained pastor, and they are hoping soon to be able to purchase land on which to erect Egypt— Alexandria 39 their own church building. The First Church has shown some development, especially in the opening of a small school in a very needy section of the city and cooperating with one of the missionaries for its supervision. Regular conferences of all the pastors and evangelists, both Mission and Synodical, have been held during the last two years. In these we have discussed our mutual problems and shared our causes for rejoicing. This has meant much to all of us, and has brought greater harmony and closer fellowship in the work of bringing Egypt to Christ.

District: One event of importance in the period under review was the locating of a mission family in 1929 in Damanhur, the capital and center of the Alexandria District. This district has almost 1,000,000 people, outside of Alexandria. Heretofore, the district has been worked from Alexandria. This was very dif­ ficult, as it was 42 miles to Damanhur, and 100 miles to the southern limit of the district. The work within the district is weak because there are no schools, or hospitals, and the evangelistic centers are few and small. There are three evangelists at work in the district at present, though for the most of this period there were but two. The work is difficult. The people are noted for their ignorance and fanaticism. There are 140,000 Bedouin Arabs who are fan­ atical and difficult to approach. Small groups of people are gathered together wherever possible,—in meeting-places, in stores, in homes, etc., the gospel is preached and portions of the Bible and pamphlets are distributed. Much of the effort of the three evangelists in the district and of the missionary is in personal work and prayer with individuals. The magic lantern is a great help in getting into a village and securing a hearing. In the summer of 1929 the Mission built a room 19 x 27 ft. at Shubrakheit, from a remnant of N. W . M. funds. This meet- ing-place is a great help and we hope it will soon develop to the point where it can be turned over to the direction of Synod. In September, 1930, the congregation at Damanhur was organized and the erection of a suitable building, 36 x 48 ft., was begun, not by the Mission, but by Synod with the encouragement and help of the Mission. It is hoped this will mean a big step for­ ward in the work of the Kingdom in this city of 51,000 and in the surrounding district.

Women’s Work: Four Bible women worked throughout the three years. Limited means of transportation, a limited working force, and the great need of the women of the city of Alexandria have prevented us from covering more territory. We have worked, chiefly, with the very humblest, many of whom could 40 E gypt—Alexandria not read the Scriptures for themselves. The women’s meetings in the Lebban district of the city and in Aboukir and Hadara villages have flourished. A simple Christian family in Mex have set aside a room in their home for meetings, and about twenty women gather there every Tuesday morning to hear a gospel lesson from the Bible woman. Though only one of these twenty can read, each woman responds to roll call with a verse of Scripture stored away in her mind from the teachings of the Bible woman dur­ ing the two years and a half of services. In 1930 a daughter of the church gave a weekly Scripture lesson to the children of these women. The women are pleading now for a day school for the children. W e are hoping that one of the graduates of the Central Girls’ School will undertake a half-day school there as a piece of home mission service. In the fall of 1930 all women who had been receiving reg­ ular instruction from the Bible women for as long as two years, in the house to house visiting, were changed from a weekly to a monthly schedule of visits in order that a larger number of new pupils might be taken on. At that time work was intro­ duced into two new sections of the city, the Wardian and Kom el Shaafa sections, and into Rosetta, two hours and a half by train across the desert, and a women’s meeting was started at the village of Matrass. Several women who were interested through the lessons taught in their homes by the Bible women have begun attend­ ing the women’s meetings and the regular church services at the Central and Karmous churches and at the Bacos and Gab- bari meetings. Seven of the women of the Aboukir meeting have united with the church. A missionary society organized in the Damanhur Church by one of the Bible women in 1929 has twenty members. Its regular offerings for the first year of its existence amounted to $32.72, and its thankoffering was $10.70.

EDUCATIONAL

The Central Girls’ School reports little increase in enrollment and but few changes in the teaching staff. Some of our teachers could have received higher salaries, in other schools, but they have chosen to remain and have been most faithful in their wTork. We opened a Commercial Department in 1930 and have a class of twelve girls. Our alumnae organization is composed of earnest, wide-awake girls who wanted to do something “not for our own pleasure but to help others.” They did a lot a sew­ ing for a nearby ophanage just before the Christmas season. The year before, it was for one of our Mission hospitals. They Egypt—Alexandria 41 were quite successful in an attempt to raise money for the school library last year and hope to continue this effort. Just recently the needs of one of the very poor districts of the city have impressed them as opportunities for service, preferably through a school. There is added interest in the Sabbath School. Some classes have organized, are working for perfect attendance, have in­ creased their offerings, and have definite plans as to how they may be of service to others.

Boys’ Primary and Commercial Schools: The attendance of pupils in the primary school has remained about the same as formerly. There is increasing competition in all branches of education and the location of the school in the busy business section of the city has made it difficult for parents to continue to send their small boys. The primary school has, therefore, done well to maintain its attendance at about the same figure. The commercial school, on the other hand, has 130 pupils, nearly double the attendance of three years ago. There is an increasing demand for commercial training in Egypt, and with the decrease in opportunities for government positions, more and more are turning to commercial occupations for a liveli­ hood. The school has continued to place emphasis on not only a high standard of commercial training, but daily Bible lessons, Sabbath School services, personal contacts with teachers of the highest Christian character, are the means used to implant Christian ideals.

Karmous: Three years ago Karmous Primary School for Girls was reported as being very poorly housed. The following August much better quarters were made possible. Here each teacher has a room to herself and the enrollment has increased to 160. The school is always full. The better building on a main street gives dignity not only to the pupils but also to the church which meets in its halls. The pupils no longer run and hide when they meet one of us on the street but walk with head up and say, “ Good morning.” The women’s hall in the church service is always crowded, but the women are orderly and keep their little tots quiet during the service. Bacos: This little primary school of four grades with three teachers is doing a great service in getting the mothers and fathers and the older girls who are sitting at home interested in the preaching services and the Sabbath School. More than one fourth of the seventy enrolled are Moslems. After seven years of work in this district, we are getting from 95 to 100 out to our Sabbath afternoon meeting. The children are calling them­ 42 Egypt—Assiut

selves Protestant Christians and are discussing with their par­ ents the religious teaching they get at the school. The graduates are most loyal to the school and meetings. Hadra: This evangelistic day school in Ramleh has 35 pupils. Many more children want to come but we have only one teach­ er. Most of the pupils are Copts or semi-Copts. In this little village of about 5,000 there has been so little religious teaching of any sort that there are several families who make no dis­ tinction between the two religions and change back and forth according to whim or suitable marriage arrangements. Pray the Lord that the children of this school will know what they believe and why. Gebbari: This small school is the only Christian school in a large and needy district of the city. It is primarily a center for the evangelistic work of this district. The highest yearly enroll­ ment does not exceed sixty. A few of the girls have finished the three year course and have gone on to the Central Girls’ School. Our prayer is that in even the short time in which these children come in contact with Christian teaching they may receive that which will influence their lives for the Master.

ASSIUT (1865)

Assiut, the capital of the Province of that name, is on the west bank of the Nile, 237 miles south of Cairo, and has a population of 57,036. The Province contains 499,000 acres of land, and has a popula­ tion of 1,077,109 (1927). O f this number 78% are Moslems, 19% Copts, 2% Protestants, and 1% Jews, Catholics and others. This part of Egypt is the stronghold of Protestantism. \ Missionaries: Dr. and Mrs. H. L. Finley, Dr. and Mrs. H. K. Giffen, Rev. and Mrs. E. E. Grice, Rev. and Mrs. F. D. Henderson, W. W. Hickman, Ph. D., and Mrs. Hickman, Mr. and Mrs. F. S. Hoyman, Dr. and Mrs. F. C. McClanahan, Rev. N. D. McClanahan,D.D., and Mrs. Mc- Clanahan, Mr. and Mrs. Milo C. McFeeters, C. A. Owen, Ph. D., and Mrs. Owen, C. P. Russell, Ph. D., LL. D., and Mrs. Russell, Rev. and Mrs. A. A. Thompson, Rev. F. S. Thompson, D. D., and Mrs. Thompson, Dr. and Mrs. N. B. Whitcomb, Miss Anna B. Criswell, Mrs. Sarah Eby, the Misses Davida Finney, Rena L. Hogg, Dora B. Mason, Mary L. Thompson and Ruth A. Work. Short Term Workers: Messrs. R. B. Giffen, H. E. Kelsey, E. H. M c- Clintock, E. McCreery, J. A. Miller, J. G. Nesbitt, Charles Pahud, Ken­ neth Shephard, S. J. Vellenga, Henri Wild and D. C. Wilson; The Misses E. R. Balleny, Frances Barnes, Gertrude E. Barr, Elizabeth S. Bender, Esther Brockett, Elsie Coggin, Martha E. Hostettler, Joyce Jackson, Isabel Jarman, May Jequier, Margaret Kemp, Ada C. King, Rose Klein, Bernice Knowles, T. Ulrica Liggitt, Esther L. Madory, Helen Madory, Odessa McClellan, Suthers, Mary A. Work, Helen Yeths and Mrs. C. G. Zwemer. Egypt—Assiut r43

Equipment -. Assiut College (1865) : Collegiate Department— eleven substantial buildings, of which one (Biology Hall) has been added dur­ ing the period under review; Preparatory Department—seven buildings on the form er sites of the College and the old P. M. I., near the rail­ way station. Pressly Memorial Institute (1865) two new buildings on a fine site well adapted to requirements, the whole plant provided by the N. W . M. The College is now located on the south bank of the Ibrahimieh Canal, near where the canal takes off from the Nile and the P. M. I. is between the Nile and the railway station. Assiut Hospital (1891)—one hospital building, clinic rooms, an isolated infectious ward, a three-story residence for physicians, and a recently purchased house, on an adjoining plot, to be remodelled for a nurses’ training school. In the city of Assiut there have developed the largest units of the Mission’s school and hospital work, and this in turn has had a profound effect upon the strength of the Protestant Church in this area. The strength of the Church in this pro­ vince, with its many churches and meeting-places, furnishes the clearest evidence of effective cooperation between a trained Egyptian pastorate and laity, and American missionaries.

EVANGELISTIC The evangelization of Egypt is primarily a village problem. The great majority of the people are essentially rural yet their habitats are in hamlets and larger villages or towns up to 20,000 to which they return at night with their implements, flocks and herds. Of the 130 places having regular work in the Assiut dis­ trict, 55 are organized churches and about an equal number are unorganized preaching places under the direction of the pres- byterial evangelistic committee. The other twenty are carried on with a few special funds from individuals, with what help in time we can get from missionaries from other departments and volunteer workers including the necessarily intermittent services of some of the students of Assiut College. Many of these places and of the presbyterial preaching places as well have to get on much of the time without ministers or even lay preachers. And yet the work in cities and towns and villages, the last largely predominating, is going on and expanding, from Assiut central church with its 650 members and an auditorium seating 1,500, to Mangabad where two or three gather together with Christ in the midst. A bigger proportion of the villages and towns in this district than in any other have some sort of evangelism, and at the same time there are probably more calls and opportunities for extension and the occupation of new centers. The evangelistic work carried on in cooperation with pres* bytery may be illustrated by this example: A is a village distant from the railway. It has a considerable Christian population but a large majority of its people are Moslems. Our church was 44 Egypt—Assiut established there about 35 years ago but did not prosper through the years. Because of its smallness, its location, and the lack of means, but especially the spirit among its members, for a long time it had no regular evangelist. But about three years ago a theological student ministered to this unorganized congrega­ tion during vacation. He aroused interest and they opened their hearts and meager purses and asked for his return. A prayer group was organized, which meets from sunrise until the morn­ ing service. The renovation of the church, new pulpit and pews, building of small pastor’s residence, organization of the church, tripling pledges and offerings, and the calling and installing of the young man followed. The membership has more than doubled. The congregation is yet small but so long as it keeps its present spirit there will be progress. Our prayer and our care are that these may press forward within and without their own walls, until Moslems, as well as other Christians, shall follow them and glorify God because of them.

Women's Work : Activities formerly reported have continued almost as before, but the completion of a new church building for the suburbs suggests changes in the future. Assiut Women’s Missionary Society still draws monthly too limited an audience but amongst its members are most of the congregational volunteer workers who conduct weekly house meetings and two Sabbath Schools for children not in Mission schools. Two of the young women had a fascinating taste of pioneer village work made possible by the chaperonage and automobile of Rev. and Mrs. A. A. Thompson. The Women’s Annual Thankofferings from Assiut Pres­ bytery were $1,575, $1,664 and $1,435 respectively, having drop­ ped in 1930 to the level of 1927 without any apparent decrease in heartiness. The total for the period is $372 more than for the three preceding years. Through the visits of Miss Julia Hanna and two girls under her care as well as by the visits Miss Rena Hogg has been able to make, a good deal of village work has been done with some regularity in three villages which are easily reached and more occasionally in others farther afield. In 1929 these Bible women started new missionary societies in J a wily, Moutieh and Manfa- loot. Pastors elsewhere are asking for help in the same direc­ tion. Eight towns in the Presbytery besides Assiut report Bible women’s work, Hoor and Mellawi each having two workers. In but four of these centers are the salaries paid by the congregations, but on the other hand less than three dollars a month comes from Women’s Board funds as most of the necessary money is contributed in Egypt. Egypt—Assiut 45

In Assiut eight Bible women and one man still follow their daily trail and a tenth worker has been engaged by Mrs. Alfred Wissa for her welfare center in nearby Wilidiya. There mothers have brought sick children from 128 villages, and Miss Habiba besides giving them a daily Bible lesson while they wait has made from 1,300 to 1,400 visits yearly to Wilidiya patients in their own houses, two thirds of which are of Mohammedans. These ten workers are insufficiently superintended but we hearten ourselves monthly by some hours together in the Bible women's apartment, rented four years ago from Assiut College to house Miss Julia, our only worker with no home in Assiut. The apartment has steadily developed into an attractive though simple home, an object lesson to women and girls who share its welcome.' It has made possible the holding of a large con­ ference each year, twice for the Bible women of the city and district with public meetings open to women in general. The third conference was for girls not now in school of whatever class or sect though especially for members of our Church Girls’ Club. The apartment also makes possible a small summer school for Bible women which has become a much prized annual happening. Funds to secure the furnishing and supplies needed for such ventures were raised by Miss Julia’s efforts through entertainments, dramatic and otherwise, in which the club girls joined. By these means also the clubroom, adjoining the apart­ ment and lent by the College, now glories in a second-hand piano and various other improvements.

EDUCATIONAL

Assiut College reports continued good enrollment, that of the Collegiate Department having reached the highest record in the history of the institution. Enrollment— 1927-28 Preparatory 321 Collegiate 315 Total 636 1928-29 “ 341 “ 406 “ 747 1929-30 “ 349 “ 437 “ 786 The David M. Ure Memorial Dining Hall and Dormitory Building, entered in the autumn of 1927, has fulfilled abundantly our hopes in its service to the boarding students of the Pre­ paratory Department. Biology Hall, finished in November, 1928, has made possible much needed improvements and ex­ pansions in the college work in science. Needed repairs and improvements in buildings and campus have been made care­ fully and continuously. Scholastic standing has been maintained and advanced by a loyal and hard working staff. In the year 1928-29 the course of study in the Collegiate Department was extended from four to five years. 46 Egypt—Assiut

Carefully conducted experiments have been continued in gardening-, poultry raising, and dairying. The Agricultural De­ partment has received no financial help from the budget of the College but has been entirely dependent on special contribu­ tions and on its own earnings. The W . A. W ilson Dairy Barn has proved admirably suited to the purposes intended. It is crowded already with selected cows and buffaloes. It is the center of a thriving dairy business of interesting, promising and much needed experiments in the breeding, feeding and general care of milk producing animals. Prof. McFeeters, on his return from furlough in the autumn of 1928, brought with him four carefully selected Jerseys, three cows and one bull. These have done well. Milk records are surprising local agriculturalists. The Y. M. C. A. in the College and the Christian Endeavor Society in the Preparatory Department have continued to be the centers of the very active religious life of students and staff. Each organization has had an active membership roll of about 150. Zeal and enthusiasm have been shown in social and re­ ligious work within the College and in the surrounding com­ munity. In 1927-28 a committee of the Y. M. C. A. began pub­ lishing a college magazine in Arabic. This venture has been successful and the magazine has been received with interest especially among the alumni. During these three years 185 students of the College have united with the church. The mem­ bership of the Student Volunteer Band has been 89, 97 and 103 respectively, that of 1929-30 being the largest in its history. In June, 1930, there were 9,606 volumes in the College Library. Accessions for this period were as follows: 1927-28 In European Lang. 620 In Arabic Lang. 276 Total 896 1928-29 “ “ “ 331 “ “ “ 101 “ 432 1929-30 “ “ “ 320 “ “ “ 352 “ 672

Totals “ “ “ 1,271 “ “ “ 729 “ 2,000 Magazines and newspapers in the College Reading Rooms were: Arabic, 16; Others, 40. “ The following persons have completed their service as short term missionaries in the College: Messrs. Marc Briquet, M. Earle Collins, William R. Hallaran, Robert Jequier, Harry F. Ludwig, Kenneth J. McBride, John McBride, Harold J. Vance, Miss Martha Hostettler and Mrs. Bruce J. Giffen. Miss Nina J. Murray has completed her term in the school for Amer­ ican children. Their work here has been greatly appreciated. Special correspondence with as many as could be reached of' eighty former short termers of the College was begun in the autumn of 1929. Their deep and lasting interest in the work and problems of the College is most encouraging. Egypt—Assiut 47

Pressly Memorial Institute: The enrollment has increased from 510 in 1927 to 603 in 1930. It is gratifying to note that the largest proportionate share of this gain has been in the high school department. Tuition and boarding fees also increased noticeably until 1929, but dropped again in 1930. This gain made it possible for us to meet the $840 decrease in aid from the home Church. The school continues to raise 80% of its cur­ rent budget of $30,000 on the field. Miss Dora Mason, a trained kindergartner, joined our staff in 1928 and has not only built up our two kindergartens but has also contributed valuable aid in the teacher training classes. The kindergarten enrollment was 74 in 1929. However, a new government kindergarten which offers entrance into the pri­ mary schools without examination, has lured away some of the children and in 1930 we had only 60. Could we open the doors wider to poor children the rooms would be overcrowded. The real joy of these little children in their work and play is an inspiration to us all. In 1928 we initiated a one-year course in specialized teacher training with two pupils in 1928 and 1929, and twelve in 1930. These consecrated Christian teachers will help to raise the standard of work done in our own and in other schools. In 1929 our girls carried on 14 Daily Vacation Bible Schools for 209 pupils. In 1930 the schools numbered 48 and the pupils 648. A regular schedule of lessons and games, six weeks or longer, brought very gratifying results. A young women in the Abnub School learned to read and by the end of the session completed the Gospel of John. The work was supervised both summers by Miss Mofida Wissa, one of our younger teachers. In 1928 the Government Health Department conducted a thorough examination and treatment of the students5 eyes and the following year gave injections against typhoid. Just now it is planning to give the diphtheria serum. The P. M. I. is yearly indebted to the short term mission­ aries who come out from America to give three years or more of service to the school. Those who have completed such terms of service during 1928-30 are: Misses Minnie Berggren, Blanche Chambers, Cleona Chetister, Lois Fergus, Marjorie Munn and Thelma Pearson. We are even more indebted to Misses Bal- leny, Liggitt and Mary Work who have given many years of whole-hearted, valiant service. The permanent staff of the school remains unchanged. Perhaps our greatest asset is in our faithful Egyptian staff now numbering 19 earnest young women. God called one of them to her reward in the summer of 1930. She carried on a Daily Vacation Bible School in her 48 Egypt— As shit village. Sixty children were gathered in and she taught them faithfully for six weeks of the hot summer. Just two weeks later the weeping children who followed her bier cried out, “Oh, my teacher! Oh, my teacher! Who will teach us next year?” Miss Bitoleya was a daughter of the P. M. I., educated through the help of the Fort Morgan Y. W . M. S. In her life and service we read the value of her work.

The Khayatt School for Girls: The school was first opened in 1865 by Miss McKown and Dr. Hogg. In 1874, the Mission opened a small boarding school, and in 1877, when funds were very low, Mr. Wasef Khayatt made possible its continuance by assuming responsibility for the day school. From that time until this, 54 years, members of the family have met all the expenses of the school. Nine years ago they signed over to it 68 acres of land, the income to serve as a permanent endowment. Plans are in hand for a new building to go up on the old Kha­ yatt property in the center of town. The Khayatts have said from the first that their prime object in taking over the school is to enable girls, too poor to pay the fees asked for in other schools, to secure an education. For this reason, one third of the total enrollment is accepted free. Each case is carefully investigated and a simple form of contract signed. The rest of the girls, without exception, pay in full, but the fees are low enough to allow girls from families with small incomes to attend. The Mission contributes only the time of one missionary who has always had complete freedom in the management of the school. Miss Rena Hogg had the school for twenty-five years, and other missionary ladies, a list too long to give here, have had charge for shorter periods of time. Miss Davida Finney has been in charge since 1924, excepting her furlough year. The enrollment during 1930 was 380. There are nineteen Egyptian teachers, three of whom are men giving part time, and one American short term teacher. Fourteen girls were graduated during the last two years. More than twenty have united with the church during the last three years. Five groups of Volunteers go out every Sabbath morning and hold meetings for women and children. Other girls help in street Sabbath Schools on Sabbath afternoons. During the summer of 1929, four girls carried on a Daily Vacation Bible School of 108 pupils for a period of three months. In the summer of 1930, twenty-two girls carried on four schools with a total enrollment of 334. Although many of the girls are very poor, yet they give generously. The Sabbath School collection for Egypt—Assiut 49

1930 was $125, the missionary meeting over $100, and the Thank offering $230. Besides this, the girls offer voluntary special collections for needy causes.

MEDICAL Assiut Hospital: At the beginning of the Fortieth Anniversary Year (1931) of Medical Work in Assiut, the Hospital reviews with thankfulness and a degree of satisfaction the work of the last three j^ears. There were 7,000 in-patients in the Hospital. In addition there have been more than 86,000 clinic examina­ tions and over 8,200 professional visits into the homes of this region. The recent erection of new clinic rooms which join our main building has facilitated greatly the handling of the annual average of 2,700 out-patients. Other modifications in­ cident to this change have made our frontage more attractive. Our special leper clinic through the generous help of the Amer­ ican Mission to Lepers has been permitted to continue this very important and Christlike service. Dr. Horace K.Giffen joined the staff of the Hospital in 1929. He has taken a special interest in the development of the X-ray department and the laboratories. Late in 1930 Mr. Everett McCreery from Conemaugh Presbytery, a technician in X-ray and laboratory work, spiritually alive, joined our force. Our X-ray department has outgrown its first room and has been transferred to one that is more nearly adequate to meet the de­ mands that are increasingly being made upon it by us and by local medical practitioners. Even the Moslem physicians in the government service frequently send us patients for X-ray ex­ aminations. Tw o years ago Mrs. Sara Wallace Eby came to us as Superintendent of Nurses and to take charge of the Nurses’ Training School. This developing school now finds ten splen­ did Christian Egyptian young women in training. Five of these are finishing their third and last year of study and training and will soon go out to give further service. Medical missions have further made possible professional intercourse with our fellow physicians of the community through discussion of medical topics. Within the three years a young Egyptian doctor has gone into private practice after a period of service in this Hospital. Another young graduate has been with us for a while and he will soon be replaced by a third. W e feel that these men carry with them something of the spirit of the service of the Hospital. “That Christ may be lifted up,” the sole and great purpose of medical missions, has been faithfully expressed in example 50 Egypt—Benha and in the simple but fervent evangelistic message. Miss Fran­ ces Barnes, a faithful volunteer worker who has come from England for this special work, together with the ordained and lay Egyptian evangelists, has daily, in and out of season, given out the message that is the “Bread of Life.” Urged by protean and routine events, the growth of our needs and the alarming decrease in our income, the entire staff is drawn anew to the throne of grace in the meeting together for prayer each Monday evening. In the three years that are closed, we have felt even more keenly than before our dependence on this tapping of the source of power.

BENHA (1894)

Location: The capital of the Calioubia Province; 30 miles north of Cairo. Population about 30,000. Benha district is composed of Calioubia Province and a part of Menufia and Sharkia Provinces, an area of about 1,308 square miles. Population of district, over 1^000,000 with 97% Moslem. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. John M. Baird, the Misses May Holland, Lois Kingan and Jeannette McCrory. Equipment: City of Benha: Boys’ School with missionary residence above; former girls’ school building used as annex for boys’ school. Women’s Board building containing community house, girls’ school, clinic, three small apartments for workers, and apartment for women missionaries. Birket es Sab: building used for school and chapel. Cheblanga: a small school building. Toukh: building used for school and chapel. One Ford car. The main lines of the Government railways between Cairo and the two ports, Alexandria and Port Said, pass through Benha. Also two shorter lines have opened up transportation into Menufia and Daqahlia provinces. The district is famous for its fruit growing and its rich farms. The city is an ideal cotton ginning center. Good roads lead out into all sections of the district. There are six out-stations in four of which are schools, with evangelists located in the other two. Calioub Orphange is also located in this district.

EVANGELISTIC The Evangelical Church of Benha has become self-sup­ porting with a balance to her credit (1930) of $150.00 in spite of the financial depression. District work, however, has been somewhat discouraging. W e have six places available for meet­ ings with two evangelists to fill them. During the three years the evangelist occupying Quesna and Birket es Sab entered government service. His successor, a graduate of Assiut Col­ Egypt—Benha 51 lege and the Seminary, is doing excellent work. Cutting off of special funds necessitated the dismissal of the evangelist, at Kaha, a very good personal worker among Mohammedans. Both Cheblanga and Toukh where we have schools still have no regular evangelist. Istanha and Subk ed Dahhak furnish a fer­ tile field for Mohammedan work which is being very effectively occupied by our other evangelist. These two evangelists carry the gospel to thousands monthly through personal testimony, distribution of tracts and meetings.

Women's Work: During the triennium the full time worker in charge has limited efforts to more intensive work in the eight villages where work is already organized. The Quesna school was closed (1929) due to lack of sufficient support by the people. Efforts to continue our contacts by means of com­ munity center work one afternoon a week draw most of our former pupils, bringing with them their mothers and friends. W e are reaching more individuals this way than by the school. The splendid new community center building makes possible our morning classes for young women in Arabic, English, Bible, sewing and games. One^ Christian and twenty-six Moham­ medan young women have enrolled, twenty-four of whom have never before come in contact with Christian training. One of our women has joined the church and is finding great joy in her Bible reading, although a year ago she was unable to read a word. Four other women are looking forward to making a profession during the coming year. Seven young women are formed into a class and are very enthusiastic over the study of the life of Christ. They memorize whole chapters from the Bible.

EDUCATIONAL

The Boys' Schools in Benha and district number five and train 450 pupils at a cost of approximately $5.00 per pupil per year. These all receive daily instruction in the Bible. The Boys' Central School of Benha is the largest of these schools, and dur­ ing the triennium has increased in enrollment 23%, while its net cost has decreased 28%. Some schools have been quite ex­ pensive to conduct, especially those in fanatical Mohammedan centers, yet they are an opening wedge for real evangelistic work. For example, at Istanha we have a small day school with an enrollment of 37 pupils, 96% Mohammedan. There every Sabbath afternoon we gather for Sabbath School with over 100 in attendance. One third of the attendance is a class of girls, one third a group from the street and our own day school boys, and one third a group of boys who come over from the govern­ ment school after dismissal. Over 95% of them are Moham­ 52 Egypt— Cairo

medan children. In spite of the strong opposition by Moham­ medans, the percentage of Mohammedan pupils is steadily in­ creasing year by year. Retrenchment called for the closing of the Kaha School.

The Girls’ School has passed through trying times during the past three years. New quarters were necessary if the school was to continue. The appropriation, all. too inadequate, was taken away in the cut of January 1929. It was indeed dark but a glor­ ious dawn followed. The Women’s Board offered to house the school in its new building, completed in the fall of 1929. Through prayer, Mr. and Mrs. Brittain and son, of Erie, Penn­ sylvania, were led to offer the money for the school’s support.- The diligent and consecrated teachers are getting real results. A keen interest is being shown in Christian Endeavor. Two of the three graduates of 1930 have gone on to higher schools to prepare to become teachers.

The Calioub Orphanage: Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Pennings are drawing near the end of another term in the boys’ home of Cali­ oub. Their faithful services have been very much appreciated. Industrial work is being satisfactorily developed, including rug and shoe making. The boys are in great need of a new building for their home. We are thankful to report that a suitable site has been purchased near Cairo and we hope that we may soon be able to report that Mr. and Mrs. Pennings and their 55 boys are enjoying their new home in this location. This home is not only for homeless boys, but also for blind boys.

MEDICAL

The work of the Benha Dispensary and Welfare Center continues to draw the lame, the blind, the halt, and the withered from all parts of the province. Not a day passes but that some new ones come to our door for help. Many of these hear the gospel story for the first time. Since moving into our new build­ ing we are much better equipped for the work than ever before. A great deal of time is given to teaching the mothers how to care for themselves and their children. Several doctors have offered their services. One doctor in the government service sees and prescribes for any poor we may send to him.

CAIRO (1854)

Capital o f E gypt: City area, 30 square miles; Governorate area, 100 square miles. Population: (1927) 1,064,567. Eighty per cent of the pop­ ulation in the governorate are M oslem s; 85,000 are O rthodox Copts, and Egypt— Cairo 53 the rest are a sprinkling of most of the Christian sects of Europe and the Near East. The language is Arabic, though a babel of other Eastern tongues is heard in the markets and on the streets. Of European lan­ guages, French, English, Greek and Italian are widely used.

Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. J. W . Acheson, Rev. C. C. Adams, D. D., and Mrs. Adams, Rev. J. R. Alexander, D. D. (retired), and Mrs. Alex­ ander, Mr. and Mrs. Ewing M. Bailey, Rev. E. E. Elder, D. D., and Mrs. Elder, Rev. and Mrs. W. T. Fairman, Rev. S. G. Hart, D. D. (re­ tired), Dr. L. M. Henry (retired) and Mrs. Henry, Rev. R. T. Mc­ Laughlin, D. D., and Mrs. McLaughlin, Rev. H. E. Philips, Ph. D., Miss Ella M. Barnes, Mrs. Mary K. Coventry; the Misses Mary Frances Dawson, Lucia Dwight, Gudrun Chr. Estvad, Alta G. French, Eulalia D. Grether, Lillian McClelland, M. Evelyn McFarland, Ethel Roxy Martin, Helen J. Martin, Venna R. Patterson, Stella Robertson, Jane C. Smith, Margaret A. Smith, Anna Y. Thompson, Helen Walker and Elizabeth S. W hite.

Under Short Term Appointment: Mr. Ira D. Terman, the Misses Mil­ dred Bickett, Ruth Courier, Lois Davidson, Annie Dinsmore, Dorothy Earley, Mildred Forder, Helen Faye Graham, Margaret A. Graham, Grace A. Huntley, Sibyl Macleod, Wilma Mintier, Florence Pratt, Kath­ erine Stauffer, Barbara Swan and Emma A. Wilson.

Equipment: A. Central Building, Ezbekiya, near Shepheard’s Hotel, affords accommodation for the following divisions of our work: 1. Preaching services and Sabbath Schools in Arabic, Eng­ lish and Armenian. 2. Christian Endeavor in Arabic and English. 3. Prayer meetings in Arabic, English, and Armenian. 4. Girls’ Day and Boarding School (257) pupils). 5. Boys’ Day School (438 pupils). 6. Book Shop for City and district. 7. Offices: (a) Station Treasurer, (b) Mission Secretary, (c) Station Secretary, (d) Moslem Welfare, (e) Huda and Negm, (f) Superintendent Evangelists. 8. Apartments for four missionary residences, and for the dormitory of the Girls’ Boarding School, 40 beds. 9. T w o garages.

B. College for Girls, Sharia Malaka Nazli, (441 students); ten acres of ground; two buildings. 1. Administration Building, used for chapel, recitation rooms, dining room, offices, dormitories for 50 beds, library, etc. 2. Dining room for day pupils (two stories), accommodat­ ing Domestic Science Department, and Music rooms.

C. Fowler Orphanage, Abbassia (50 orphan girls). Large building, two stories and grounds, residence for mission family, chapel used by school and congregation.

D. Heliopolis: Two-story double residence; double garage. 54 Egypt— Cairo

E. Schools for girls, and churches. 1. Haret es Sakkain: two-story building; church, class rooms. 2. Faggala: two buildings: two-story school and residence. 3. Shubra en Nuzha: a building used for meeting-place and school.

(In addition to these Mission properties, five church buildings and two parsonages are owned by congregations of the Evangelical Church in Cairo. Also, in addition to the schools listed above, three primary and six elementary schools for girls are in operation in Cairo.) The district of Cairo embraces the city and its suburbs and contains about 1,250,000 people. The 1927 census showed that for the preceding five years the city had grown in popu­ lation at the rate of 3y2% yearly. It would be hard to over­ estimate the pervasive and powerful influence which Cairo yearly exerts. As the cross-roads of the Near East and the in­ tellectual center of Islam it is a most strategic center. Its great Islamic University (The Azhar), its literature, its daily press read to the limits of the Arabic speaking world, continue to successfully hold the attention and to mold the thought life of Egypt and of the whole Moslem world. Cairo was opened as a mission station upon the arrival of Dr. and Mrs. McCague, the first missionaries of the Associate Reformed Church (now United Presbyterian), November 10, 1854. Other Protestant missions working in Cairo are the Church Missionary Society (British, Anglican), the Egypt Gen­ eral Mission (British), which works in close cooperation with the American Mission and the Egyptian Evangelical Church, the Holiness Movement (Canadian), the Plymouth Brethren, the Church of God, the Apostolic Mission, the Seventh Day Advent Mission, and two or three others. Notable contribu­ tions to the work of the Christian forces of the city are made by the American University, the Young Men’s Christian Asso­ ciation, the Young Women’s Christian Association, and the Nile Mission Press.

EVANGELISTIC

During the three years the Mission has been compelled to cut down its organized evangelistic efforts on account of the shortage of funds. There has been, however, a definite increase in the number of organized congregations in Cairo and in the total church membership. This, of course, is the result of pre­ vious years of faithful work. To the eight organized congrega­ tions last reported, there have been added two more. The Ab- bassia Church was organized March 21, 1928, and their pastor was ordained March 1, 1929. Shubra-en-Nuzha church was or­ ganized April 17.. 1929, and their minister ordained in February Egypt— Cairo 55

1930. There are now ten organized congregations with pastors in Cairo. Six of these ten are entirely self-supporting and others almost so. The total church membership in Cairo has grown during these three years from 1,230 to 1,730, an increase of 500. Five of these congregations worship in their own church build­ ings erected by themselves, three of them with parsonages. The other five are at present using property owned by the American Mission, but three of these have plans and funds for properties. The Ministerial Alliance of Cairo continues to meet each month for fellowship and for reading of papers and discussion of subjects relating to the work.

Unorganised W ork: Regular services are being conducted in eleven other districts and suburbs of Cairo. These are carried on by three evangelists in the employ of the Mission, and by Seminary students and other ministers. It is hoped that some of these meeting-places will eventually become organized churches. One of them has gathered together about $400 and the people are very anxious to get enough to buy a lot on which they can later build. One of the newer meeting-places has be­ gun in the past few months contributing toward a building fund. The workers have also helped in the evangelistic work of the following: one of Cairo’s large hospitals, the Boys’ Orphange at Calioub, the Holland Mission in Calioub, the British Egypt General Mission in Zeitoun, a recently formed group of Syrian Evangelicals, and a number of communities of Egyptian Evan­ gelical Christians.

Women’s W ork: Although the number of Bible women has decreased, yet the work has been carried on in eighteen districts of the city. The period opened with nineteen women doing Bible work and closed with but fourteen in active work. Four veterans have been retired on a small stipend. One of these spoke at a recent meeting and gave a message of how God had heard and answered prayer in her own life. W omen were moved to tears. One woman telling of it said she had never been so touched, nor had she ever realized before what prayer could do.

Three of our Bible women are working in connection with child welfare work. Such united efforts should help pave the way for organized congregations. The pastor of our Ninth Church with some members of the C. E. in his congregation began visiting in a new district some time ago. Men came to their meetings but they were unable to get the women out. In spite of the shortage of workers we began in November to send a Bible woman into that district for one day a week. An in­ crease of attendance from two or three to twenty women has 56 Egypt— Cairo been a great encouragement to the pastor and there now seems to be the possible nucleus for a congregation. W e are rejoiced that Miss Anna Y. Thompson and Miss Margaret A. Smith, who have labored so long, are still able to go about visiting and are so keenly interested in all of the work of the church here in Egypt. During the last year the work has been strengthened by the coming of Miss McClelland to carry forward the work in two of the districts. Miss Dwight is giving part time to the school under the care of the Faggala Church but carries on the visiting and the direction of the Bible woman in that district. • Work Among Moslems: The Moslem Converts’ Welfare Bureau is for the spiritual and temporal care of converts and inquirers. It provides help for them in times of distress and endeavors to find work for the unemployed. The acceptance of Christianity almost invariably forces a man out of his former employment so the calls are many and to meet them is peculiar­ ly difficult. The Bureau is entirely dependent on the free-will offerings of missionaries. The work needs a budget to provide a hostel for these converts and inquirers. Classes for instruction of Moslem inquirers are held daily by Sheikh Kamil Mansur and Mr. Fairman. The attendance at these classes varies from two or three to eight or more. Dr. Philips also meets with quite a number of Moslems who come to him to study Christianity. The most outstanding work amongst Moslems in Cairo is that done by Sheikh Kamil under the direction of Synod. A prominent feature of this work is the meeting he holds for Mos­ lems every Monday evening. This meeting has been attended by increasing numbers during the last three years, the Ezbekiya school chapel being at times well filled with from 150 to 200 or more men. Many of these are Moslems, the others Copts, chiefly men who go to no other place and are in great need of instruction. There is the giving of a gospel message, followed by an opportunity for questions and discussion. This program has aroused a great deal of interest and on the whole the discussions have been friendly and without disturbance. In 1930, however, a young man who had professed to be an inquirer for some years and had more than once asked for baptism, created a dis­ turbance and lodged a complaint with the Public Prosecutor against Sheikh Kamil, charging him with defamation of the religion of Islam and their prophet. The charge was made at a time of great political excitement and was taken up by the na­ tive press. Great excitement prevailed. Sheikh Kamil was imprisoned for a time; then he was released on bail, and finally brought to trial but triumphantly acquitted. The final outcome Egypt— Cairo 57 of the agitation and persecution has been a widespread adver­ tisement of the meetings and the attraction of other Moslems who otherwise would not have come. In addition to the Monday evening meetings, Sheikh Kamil has been increasingly called upon to visit the Evangelical churches in all parts of the country. Wide contacts have been made in this way with the Church, and many Moslems have been reached with the gospel in all parts of the country. The interest on the part of the churches in Moslem evangelization is increasing. A warm welcome is given to this converted Sheikh. During the past three years there have been eleven baptisms, five men and six girls.

EDUCATIONAL Theological Seminary: The Chairman of the Faculty, 1927- 1928, was the Rev. J. W . Acheson. During this year the transfer of control from the Mission to the Synod, which was begun in the preceding year and which involved a number of difficult problems of adjustment, was practically concluded. In the fall of 1928 the Rev. C. C. Adams returned from furlough and, by the choice of Synod, resumed the Chairmanship of the Faculty. The other members of the Faculty have been: Rev. Ghabrial Mikhail, Rev. Ghabrial Rizkallah, Rev. Ibrahim Said, Rev. R. T. McLaughlin. In addition to these, assistance in instruction has been rendered by Rev. W. T. Fairman, Rev. J. W. Acheson, Dr. E. E. Elder and Dr. S. M. Zwemer. In March, 1930, Synod further perfected its organization of the control of the Seminary by appointing a Board of Trus­ tees of seven members and determining its powers and duties. This Board will regularly meet twice a year to review matters connected with the Seminary. During 1929 Synod added to the Seminary plant a one- story building, erected beside the Seminary building, as a resi­ dence for the full-time Egyptian professor and his family. This building provides a comfortable, modernly equipped apartment and is so arranged that a second story may be added later. The enrollment has been as follows: 1928-29, 21; 1929-30, 14; 1930-31, 14. In May, 1929, a class of seven was graduated. That year Assiut College added an additional year to its cur­ riculum ; hence none graduated from the College who might enter the Seminary the next fall. Ezbekiya Boys’ High School: The average annual enrollment for the three years has been 455. The number of those coming from Mohammedan homes is just under 30%. The average at­ tendance of Protestant boys is 129 annually. 58 Egypt— Cairo

While we have received over $10,000 per year in tuitions and fees for instruction alone, there has been a continually in­ creasing expense for this item. The rising standards of teach­ ing and the improvement of methods call for a larger amount of the budget. The following missionaries have served on the adminis­ trative staff during this period: Rev. E. E. Elder, Superintend­ ent 1928 and 1930; Mr. E. M. Bailey, Superintendent 1929, and Rev. J. W. Acheson. Two short term teachers have given part time instruction: Messrs. Jolly and I. D. Terman. Some more rooms have become available for the school’s use. A laboratory and a lecture room for science classes have been installed, thereby improving this department of the work. By building a substantial cement roof over one of the courts of the school it has been possible to make provision of a sort for some recreation and games which play a prominent part in mod­ ern education. The kindness of the German Mission Property Trust en­ abled us to continue using the building granted for hostel pur­ poses in 1924. Although this building is some distance away and must be reached by crossing many busy thoroughfares, we have had on the average 31 boys every year in our boarding department.

American Mission College for Girls: The College completed the twentieth year of its existence in December, 1929. With the class of June, 1930, it had graduated 100 students from the college department, and 227 from the secondary department. Enrollment during the past three years has been as fol­ lows : 1927-28, 360; 1928-29, 361 ; 1929-30, 440 ; 56% were non- Christian. During these three years graduates from the college department numbered 18, and from the secondary depart­ ment 41. The budget last year wTas approximately $58,000, of which $2,300 was provided by appropriation of the Board of Foreign Missions, and $1,800 by income from endowment. Larger in­ come is urgently needed to provide increases of salaries and servants’ wages, additional staff, and upkeep of property and equipment. The following significant developments are noted : 1. Each year two weeks are given to special services during which the claims of Christ as Saviour are placed very definitely before the students. These meetings are held daily at the time of the regular chapel service, and attendance^ is voluntary. Dur­ ing the last two years, attendance has been "so large that it has Egypt— Cairo 59 been necessary to hold the special services in the assembly room, and conduct the regular chapel service in the library.

2. The organization of the Daily Vacation Bible School movement in Egypt has helped to open up to our students avenues of personal service. In 1930 the number of student teachers in these schools was twenty-one, the number of schools five, and the total number of children enrolled 420, most of whom were Moslems and Jews.

3. A number of these student teachers continued their ser­ vice through the school year as volunteer Sabbath School teach­ ers, going out on Sababth morning to the poor sections of the city. Among them were several Copts, Greek Orthodox, and one Roman Catholic,—all teaching evangelical Christianity in Protestant Sabbath Schools.

4. In 1929 the college diploma in music was given for the first time to a class of three. One of these later took the diploma of Associate of Trinity College, London, and is now a teacher of piano on our staff. Another is a teacher of piano in government schools. The third spent a year in study in Ger­ many, and is now giving of her time as a volunteer worker in the National Christian Club for Young Women in Cairo (the Egyptian Y. W . C. A .).

5. The library has greatly increased in number of volumes and withdrawals. The public, and especially the alumnae of the College, have given generous support to entertainments for its benefit for the past two years. 6. The first volume of the College newspaper, “The Car­ touche,” a project of the English department, appeared in 1929-30.

7. The physical training department has made marked progress under the capable direction of Miss Dorothy Earley.

The following long term missionaries have served on the staff during this period: The Misses Mary F. Dawson, Gudrun Chr. Estvad, Alta G. French, Evelyn McFarland, Helen J. Martin, M. Stella Robertson. Short term teachers who have completed terms of service and returned to America are: Miss Grace Mae Sample after six years; Miss Mary Kennedy after four years; Misses Isabel French, Helen Moore, Esther Smith, and Lillabel Towle, after three years; Mrs. Lizabel Shermerhorn, after two years; Miss Helen Scott, after one and a half years; and Misses Margaret 60 Egypt— Cairo

Robb and Anna Spaeth, after one year. Miss Vera Lee Price served for two years as secretary and left us to go into the ser­ vice of the American Legation in Cairo. In the year 1929-30, the staff numbered 35, five of whom were graduates of the College. W e are convinced that it is impossible for the College to hold its own with its present appropriation and equipment, with the keen competition of well-equipped, non-Christian schools throughout the country.

Ezbekiya Day and Boarding School for Girls: During the past three years there has been among the teachers and the girls of the school a real spirit of service and a marked desire to live up to the principles for which we stand. Daily and Sabbath Bible study, the Christian Endeavor and prayer groups are un­ doubtedly having a great influence on the spirit of the school. The prayer groups meet at the noon hour and are purely vol­ untary. The Christian Endeavor societies are developing grad­ ually and along with our literar3r societies provide a channel for self-expression, while the three street Sabbath Schools and missionary societies provide an opportunity for service. The regular missionary offerings (counting Christmas and Thank- offerings) total for the three years $831.50. The Alumnae Association has met regularly throughout the school year, for literary, social and service aims. Educationally, our efforts are centered in the further de­ velopment of the Normal Training department. The triennium witnessed a gradual decrease in the number of girls attending the primary department of the school, and a noticeable in­ crease in the secondary or High School and Normal Training departments. This, we feel, must be due to the large numbers of primary schools for girls opened in all quarters of the city by the government. The largest graduating class in the history of the school is being sent up for their final examinations in June, 1931. The class numbered thirty-three; one was forced to leave on ac­ count of sickness while cupid has claimed another member of the class. With the higher schools as well as the University of Egypt opened to young women, it is natural for the secondary depart­ ment of our school to have gained in popularity. A graduate of the 1930 High School class was admitted to the University and is studying there this year. Two of our graduates of the classes of 1926 and 1927 are receiving diplomas this year from the Nurses’ Training school of Assiut Hospital. Egypt— Cairo 61

The missionaries who have served on the administrative faculty during this period are: the Misses Alta G. French, Venna R. Patterson, and Ethel Roxy Martin. Average enrollment for the three years______266 Graduates from the High School______32 Graduates from the Training School ...... 20 Number of graduates who have taught______16

Fowler Orphanage: This is the eighth triennium since the Orphanage was established. During the past three years we have seen the silent miracle of God’s unfailing goodness in pro­ viding for every need. Fifteen of the girls united with the church, seven of whom were baptized. We have seen many spiritual victories in the lives of girls, teachers, and servants. The little congregation at the Orphanage has grown into an organized church, with Dr. Henry and Kamil Mansur elders; and Rev. Seif Habashy* ordained as pastor. W e rejoice to see twenty-eight of our daughters in Christian service are teachers, Bible women and nurses. Average enrollment 58. Total expenses, not including sal­ aries of Miss Ella M. Barnes, Superintendent, and Miss Annie Dinsmore, Matron, for the three years, $13,143.37, met entirely by special gifts without any help from the Mission budget.

Faggala Girls’ School Enrollment: 1927-28, 233; 1928-29, 172; 1929-30, 187. Moslem students: 23%, 18%, 15%. In the kindergarten: 98, 56, 50. Teaching staff; 10, 8, 6. A Bible woman visited regularly in the homes of the pupils the first year. This school was on the retrenchment list to be closed. Our Faggala Church contracted to assume the financial support of the school for a period of three years, with an American super­ intendent in charge. The school opened under the new arrange­ ment in September 1929. The receipts from tuitions met all the expenses except $94.77 which was contributed by the congre­ gation. The congregation takes a helpful interest in the school. The pastor, Rev. Ghobrial Mikhail, conducts chapel each Tues­ day morning. Miss Elizabeth S. White was principal during this period until May, 1930, Miss Lucia Dwight from that date.

Haret es Sakkain and Kulali Girls’ Schools: Because of bud­ get reductions and shortage of missionary staff, plans were made to close these schools at the end of the school year June 1929. It was found possible to continue Kulali for another year because of special funds contributed by friends of Miss Tait, the superintendent. Both schools have now been reopened by the respective congregations in the two districts, as pastoral 62 Egypt—The Faiyum schools. They have been given the use of the school building’s and equipment at a nominal rental for a period of three years. We regret that we were unable because of shortage of workers to grant the request of the Kulali school for a missionary super­ intendent. Miss Margaret A. Smith has continued in charge of the school at Haret es Sakkain under the new arrangement. Enrollment: Kulali: 1927-28, 218; 1928-29, 152; Haret es Sak­ kain : 1927-28, 66; 1928-29, 66.

MEDICAL

Child Welfare W ork: “ Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren, even these least, ye did it unto me,” is the motto of our welfare work with the Moslems at the three cen­ ters of Hussenia, Bab es-Sharria, and Darb el-Ahmar. Among these centers, we have between 400 and 500 treatments weekly. More than 50% are eye treatments and the others are sore ears, sore heads, and lacerations or burns, etc. W e need the daily prayers of the home Church that we may not “become weary in well doing,” also that our “ faith fail not.” Miss Jane C. Smith, R. N., is superintendent and Miss Gamr Mansour, the first graduate of the Assiut Hospital Training School for Nurses, is the assistant in two of these centers. As nurse and as Christ’s evangelist, her happy loving spirit makes her a great blessing to all these children and their mothers. In Darb el-Ahmar, the Bible woman visited the small Moslem school and was given permission to speak to the chil­ dren and spoke of the love of Christ. When she finished, the teacher, who is a Moslem sheikh, said to the children, “ You hear what the Christian woman says. In our religion there is so much of evil but the Christian woman tells us of the ‘love of Christ.’ W e have much to learn from the Christians.” A woman with her three year old daughter and her young son came all the way across the city, passing the government clinic. She explained thus, “ You are so kind to us and tell us good words.”

THE FAIYUM (1866)

Location: 80 miles southwest o f Cairo by auto or train. Population: 53,000. District: The Faiyum Province of which Faiyum City is the capital, centrally located; has a cultivated area of 1,100 square miles; its population is 554,000, 95% o f which are Moslems. The people are mostly farmers, fishermen and desert Arabs. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. Dalton Galloway to June 1928, Rev. and Mrs. Robert Shaub from April 1928 to June 1930, Rev. and Mrs. Earl Egypt—The Faiyum 63

Jamieson from October 1930; Miss Margaret A. Bell and Mrs. Rachel Tracy Seiver. Cooperating missionaries: (not under appointment) Dr. and Mrs. D. L. Askren.

Equipment: In Faiyum City: One Foreign Board residence; Girls’ School and Community Center in which is residence for the women missionaries, Bible Women and lady teachers; Ford car. In District: Tamiyya school and meeting-place; Abshawai school and meeting-place. The Egyptian Hotels, Limited, now have two hotels in our vicinity, one at Lake Karoun and the other on the edge of Faiyum city. “The Garden Spot of Egypt” has an invigorating climate and the scenery affords a change from “the usual” in Egypt. Paved streets have made our city more up to date and at present the bridges on the River Joseph are being renewed and some are being widened.

EVANGELISTIC

Organised W ork: There has been only-one change in pastors during the three years; in October 1930 the Synod Evangelist of the Sanhur congregation w'as transferred up-country where the people were willing to pay more salary. One of our lay evan­ gelists, the pastor at Fidimin, helps to supply the vacant pulpit. The Fidimin church building stands unfinished since 1928 be­ cause of finances; fortunately, however, the building is usable for church, school and residence purposes. About fifty boys use the partially-completed four-room boys’ school building at Sennouris church ; the building will be finished when the church can raise the needed funds. The Faiyum city church maintains its place of influence in the community.

Lay Evangelists: Evangelist one is supported by a special gift at Abshawai where the meeting-place and school building was completed in 1928. Evangelist two, formerly at Zerby, has been transferred for work at Tamiyya and care of Roda. Evangelist three is an independent evangelist at Zerby. Sersena has had no regular services since health authorities closed the school and meeting-house. From Faiyum city evangelist four visits untouched villages and centers.

The Annual Sabbath School Workers’ Conference has been held each year in Faiyum city and once at Wasta in a joint meeting with the southern portion of the Beni Suef District.

Bible W om en: W e marvel at the open doors before us and at the way the people love to listen to the gospel message. W e are glad we have the living message that will satisfy their every need. The district work has especially opened up and many 64 Egypt— The Faiyum

new villages have been entered. Many calls come to us from other places to come to them but we lack the time and the workers. One of the Bible women now devotes most of her time to district work, while the other two, though sharing in this, visit the homes in the city of Faiyum the greater part of the week. A community center class for older girls meets once a week for lessons in reading, writing, hygiene, handwork and Bible. They like coming, for, in most cases, this is the only chance they have of getting out of doors and they like to come early and sit in our garden. Custom proclaims that girls of marriageable age must stay indoors, but because these attend school they are allowed to come once a week. Many are for­ bidden this privilege because of this custom of seclusion.

EDUCATIONAL

Girls’ School: “ The Lord hath done great things for us whereof we are glad.” He has sent splendid Christian Egyptian young women to share in the work. To our early morning prayer group we attribute the victories in life and service we have been privileged to see. During the period thirteen girls and one teacher have joined our Evangelical Church. Our pas­ tor, Rev. Gebra Hanna, has been of invaluable help to us on numerous occasions. The scholastic standing and attendance of the school have improved but we long to see greater progress. In these three years eighteen girls have completed our course of study. Six­ teen of our graduates and former pupils have been engaged in active Christian work for all or part time. Four graduates are now in higher Mission schools preparing for more efficient ser­ vice. “ My little girl will not eat until she prays,” said one mother. “My daughter comes from Sabbath School and tells me the Bible story,” says another. A Moslem girl who comes from a distant village says, “ When I go home they are waiting to hear what I have learned. I tell them all you teach me and they always ask for more.” In the three years we have had a class for the blind. A number of men and boys came until they learned to read and write Arabic Braille. The older of the two little girls now in the class macfe excellent progress in her three years, especially in taking care of herself and in doing housework. She helps to teach the younger girl.

Village Schools: The five small schools, from an educational standpoint, are not all we could desire but they are evangelistic centers of inestimable value. Moslem children receive daily Bible lessons and Christian children receive a Christian edu­ Egypt—Luxor 65 cation. The boys and girls advance to our higher schools and to the Seminary and Bible training schools. Christian education is essential to the upbuilding of our church and the winning of Moslems to Christ. Enrollment in the government schools demands Sabbath attendance. Our Evangelical and Coptic children have difficulty there in counteracting the Moslem teaching and influence. The Mission owns but two buildings in the district; the other schools and meeting-places are Synod property. Retrenchment deprived the school at Naqalifa of aid from the Mission budget.

MEDICAL

Dr. Askren writes, “In looking back over the triennium most noticeable has been the gradual increase in the poverty of the patients with a steadily increasing percentage of free cases and an increased number who are able to pay only half the examination fee. The fees that come through contracts for surgical operations are only about half those paid three years ago. The total number of patients handled is larger than before, but the competition is sharper and the Government is increasing the number of Egyptian doctors in the villages who each take a share of the patients who used to come to one physician. A pleasing feature is the fact that steadily the fears of the fellahin are being broken down and they are showing their confidence in, and willingness to come to, physicians. “The evangelistic work with the patients is efficiently con­ tinued by the same evangelist. His time is arranged so that he has part time in the villages where he can follow up the results of the talks he has had with patients while they are in the clinic for operations. We do not see actual conversions in this work but we do see many interested individuals. The prayers of all are respectfully solicited for this work among the poor of Fai- yum, Beni Suef, and Gizeh Provinces.”

LUXOR (1883)

Situated on the eastern bank of the Nile, 470 miles south of Cairo. District comprises three provinces, Girgeh, Keneh, Aswan. Luxor is approximately in the center. It is about 300 miles in length with an area of about 1,289 square miles. Population: approaching 2,000,000. Reli­ gion: 88% Moslems, 10% Copts, 2% Protestants. Language: Arabic. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Skellie, Rev. and Mrs. R. W. Walker, the Misses Martha C. Glass, Laura B. Walker and Ida White­ side. Short Term Missionaries: The Misses Hazel E. Anderson, Rose Min- tier and Amy F. White. 6 6 Egypt—Luxor

Equipment: Girls’ Boarding School building; Women’s Board build­ ing used for community center and women’s residence; Foreign Board residence (two flats); Boys’ School building, “Witness,” sailboat; two Fords. EVANGELISTIC

Luxor City: W e felt the loss of Mr. and Mrs. W ork and Mr. and Mrs. Gillespie very much in the summer of 1929 and had only the Walkers to take their places that fall. The latter spent the school year on the “Witness,” hence very little time of a Foreign Board missionary was given to the town that year. The arrival of the Skellies in the fall of 1930 and their assuming the work on the boat left the Walkers free to spend more time in Luxor itself. Two of the four evangelists under the care of the Mission live at Luxor, but most of their time is spent in the villages around. One of these, Amin Fuad, is very faithful and earnest. Although a Moslem convert he is well received by the Copts generally. The Copts also welcomed Kamil Mansur in our dis­ trict churches. The best way to get Copts and Protestants to­ gether is to get both interested in the evangelization of Mos­ lems. We have spent more time in the last year with the young folks of our community because after continuous quarrelling for some time the name of our church was becoming somewhat of a reproach. It seemed little use to try to win Moslems when this was the case. W e first organized a Sabbath School class for young men in the church, which is taught by the head teacher of our school who knowrs the graduates of the school and is interested in their welfare. An average of twenty attend this class and all are much interested. W e are now trying to get them organized into a Christian Endeavor Society where they may become interested in winning others. There were 24 new members at the last communion and we expect many more than that at the spring communion. W hen we go to ask a young person about joining the church, we have often found several brothers or sisters who say they also want to join. W e feel that the church in this district has been lax about getting their own children into the fold before they get into business and are lured away from spiritual things. W e are losing our young people at an alarming rate when we study the facts. W e feel that the spirit in the church is much better now, but we need your prayers that the Holy Spirit may work might­ ily here. The church people showed a very fine spirit in helping the poor of the community through the White Gift this year; it was unusually large. Egypt—Luxor 67

Women’s Work: Miss Esther Wilson, in charge of the women’s work for some time past, held a child welfare clinic two mornings a week during 1929 and until June, 1930. She was moved to Beni Suef that fall. A young women’s class meets on Monday afternoons, with an average attendance of 30. They have very live discussions. Our hearts were very much gladdened by seeing nine of them unite with the church at the last communion. We still have the three Bible women working faithfully daily as well as in the Street Sabbath School classes, and they have some very interesting Moslem pupils. Sitt Badur had a very interesting case this year of a divorced woman who lost her only child, a boy, and who was almost blasphemous in her talk when we visited the house with the Bible woman. Just recently she seems to have found her Saviour and seems a changed woman. It is truly miraculous what a change has come over her since our visit there some two months ago. Nothing inspires one more than to visit with the Bible woman in some of her Moslem homes where the pupils pray and seem so earnest. District: During 1928, Mrs. S. A. Work had charge of the work outside of Luxor. In addition to her meetings and visits from the “Witness” she superintended five Bible women, two in Akhmeem and one in each of the following—Kous, Edfu and Aswan. At the close of 1930 there are only two Bible women in all this long, needy district. The one at Aswan was sent to the Bible School for further training. One of our girls there went to Aswan to work five months before her wedding. She did efficient work. W e cannot speak too highly of the training in the Tanta Bible School. Our three girls there work in this district during their summer vacation time. They get practical experience and at the same time earn a little to help along with their expenses in school. There are now five girls in the Luxor Girls’ School who are preparing to take up evangelistic work. Three of these have united with the church. The Nile boat, the “Witness,” has been used for reaching villages on or near the Nile as in former years. In this way literature has been distributed, meetings held, and visits made in remote places where it is not yet feasible to travel by motor car. EDUCATIONAL

The Dr. Carrie M. Buchanan Girls’ Boarding School: Estab­ lished in 1901; building erected in 1905. Graduates, 1928-30, 16. Pupils uniting with the church, 23. Budget, $12,162, of which 28% was supplied by the Women’s Board. 6 8 Egypt—Luxor

During the three years the number of pupils has increased from 210 to 275, the boarders from 65 to 84. The branch school in town has been limited to about 110 each year. There are 50 girls on the waiting list for that school. Forty-one of our gradu­ ates and former students are teaching, six are at work as Bible women, and four as nurses. One of our girls, wrho completed the kindergarten training course at Tanta, is successfully teaching our little folks. One of our graduates ,the first to do so, is continuing her education at the Cairo Girls’ College. The class for the blind, supported by Miss Anne D. Kyle, has continued with about six pupils. We are experimenting with basket-making, using the leaves and fibre of the palm trees in the school garden. W e should like to find some means to help them to earn money in their homes later on. Girls are being allowed to continue in school to a later age than formerly. More Mohammedan girls are in attendance at both schools, 20 in all. Tw o little Mohammedan girls from the branch school were seen conducting a school of their own in their play with their neighbors and teaching the Bible stories they had learned. The Y. W . M. S. and C. E. have carried on as usual in the school, the temperance work, the Street Sabbath Schools, and meetings for village women. During the summer of 1930, for the first time,.one teacher and eight girls carried on four Daily Vacation Bible Schools in Kous and Luxor. Luxor Boys’ School: In spite of reduced appropriation and hard times the school was able to close the last year without a deficit. Since the results of the government examination were very good, there was an unusually large number of applicants this year. There are at present 290 pupils enrolled; nine of our ten teachers are Christians. Four advanced pupils united with the church at the last communion. The larger attendance of Moslem boys, almost 13% of the total enrollment, is encouraging. A very‘ earnest headmaster has kept up the standard of scholarship and has been true to the missionary aim.

Village Schools: Fifteen village schools receive aid from the Mission. Four of these are for girls. These schools are mostly one teacher schools, usually poorly equipped and housed. In some cases there are 70 or 80 pupils and one teacher. The schools are widely scattered and receive little oversight from the missionary, but they represent a very important branch of Egypt—Mansur a 69

the work. In our long boat journey through the district last year we noticed that wherever there was a school, though small and poorly equipped, the church was alive and growing, but where the school had been allowed to die the church work had come to a standstill. The regulations of the Government Health Department present many difficulties.

MANSURA (1865)

Location: Approximately 100 miles northeast of Cairo. Population: Dakahlia Province and Governorate of Damietta (1927), 1,112,513. In addition there are about 40,000 in Gharbieh Province who live in a sec­ tion visited from this center. Ninety-eight per cent Moslem. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. James A. Pollock, the Misses Lucy Light- owler and Frances Patton. Equipment: Central building housing Girls’ School, Community Center, two households and one flat rented out; another building housing the Boys’ School and the Mansura congregation of the Evangelical Church; a small meeting-place in the outskirts of the city; a meeting-place at Dekernis; and a 1927 Ford.

EVANGELISTIC

The last Triennial Report covered the work of three men in the Mansura District for a part of the time. Early in 1928 Rev. Ralph R. Scott withdrew from the Mission because of health conditions in his family. Since then there has been but the one family in this district. Reduction in the number of mis­ sionaries has been accompanied with a cutting down in the units of work. Where there were once four evangelists there are now two. One evangelist was cut off in 1929; the other died after a prolonged illness in the fall of 1930. It has been impossible to replace him because of the shortage in budget. Among the congregations there has been encouragement. Mit Ghamr has dedicated a new church building. A number have been received into the church. The Girls’ School, taken over from the Mission a few years ago, has continued and is developing. The energetic and zealous pastor and his wife have inspired and led their people. Complete self-support is now their goal. Simbellawain and Aga have been organized—elders and deacons elected and ordained. Land has been bought for a building. A call is being made for the evangelist who has been serving them and everything points to an early settlement and we hope for steady growth. Women’s Work: This period has marked a change in the Superintendent of Women's Work and in the personnel of the 70 Egypt— Mansur a staff of workers. The Bible woman in Mit Ghamr left us and one of our two well trained workers from Mansura succeeded her. A 1930 graduate of the Bible Training School filled the city vacancy. The work is broadening. Damietta and Faraskur, Aga and Simbellawain are now being visited weekly. W e are deeply thankful for this group of earnest workers and pray God’s blessing upon them as they go about their daily tasks, instructing, counselling and comforting the women to whom they go. The Community Center housing four teachers of the Girls’ School and three Bible women is increasing its activities. Class­ es for older girls are held regularly in Bible, reading, writing, sewing, cooking and handcrafts. Groups are brought together occasionally for social times. The women bring their babies to the Mothers’ Club to be weighed and measured, and to ask advice about proper feeding, training, etc. Last spring one of our young Christian doctors assisted in a special course of lec­ tures along health lines for these women and others. This course was well received and we are hoping to continue it this year.

EDUCATIONAL

District Schools: Aga School was cut off in the 1929 budget cut. The people of the church have undertaken to carry it on themselves. The result has not been satisfying to them nor to us but we can be thankful that they are willing to do what they can. Simbellawain Boys’ School has had steady growth. The good spirit is largely due to the devoted service of the head­ master. He has been in the employ of the Mission for thirty- eight years. Our crying need there is a suitable building in which we can expand. Rented buildings are unsuitable unless built for school purposes. Mit Ghamr School has seen a change of headmasters twice within the period. Active opposition and keen rivalry between schools in the town has not helped us. W e find it very difficult to collect even nominal fees. The spirit seems better this year with a new staff.

Mansura Central School has maintained the best returns of any of the local schools. This standard has brought a number of new boys in our higher classes. Many parents want to put their boys in the better equipped government schools although they have preferred to start their children in our school. This causes a discouraging loss each year from our lower classes. Lack of finances necessitated one teacher less than last year and two less than in 1927, but the enrollment is higher. The Mansura congregation discontinued its little school. Egypt— Middle Egypt 71

Girls’ School: In spite of the progress made by the govern­ ment schools for girls, our present enrollment is 150. Quite a number leave before finishing our course as other institutions offer them free text books. The kindergarten department, if properly equipped, holds a bright future, as there are few kin­ dergartens in the city. W e have more Moslem girls than formerly and are espe­ cially grateful for those in our upper classes. Little Hikmet, the best all round girl in school, is a Moslem and has been with us for seven years. She is an active worker in our Christian Endeavor and chairman of the prayer meeting committee. Her father forbids her to come to Sabbath School and church but claims she does not get enough religion in school to hurt her. The missionary of the above school has charge of the Sim- bellawain Girls’ School, formerly supervised by the Delta School Committee for Boys assisted by its local headmaster. The com­ mittee supplements the special support from a Topeka, Kansas, Bible Class. The rented building is far from ideal for the eighty pupils and three teachers.

MIDDLE EGYPT (1891)

District: In length the district reaches more than 150 miles from Bad- rashein, the ancient site of Memphis 20 miles south of Cairo, to Abu Kerkas 12 miles above Minia. In breadth it covers the widest part of the Nile Valley above Cairo especially between El Wasta and Minia where it is 12 to 15 miles wide; two large provinces and a half; with a population o f nearly 2,000,000. Missionaries: They have been located at Beni Suef 75 miles south of Cairo and at Minia 150 miles south of Cairo, the capitals of the two large provinces of the same names. At Beni Suef: Rev. and Mrs. S. I. Acheson, Rev. and Mrs. Dalton Galloway, Dr. S. G. Hart, the Misses Isabel Hosack, Helen J. Noordewier, Esther Wilson and Margaret A. Work. At Minia: Rev. and Mrs. W. H. Reed, Mrs. Ada Dunlap until May, 1930; Miss Elizabeth Kelsey from November, 1930; Miss Nellie C. Smith. Because of furloughs, sickness, or recent appointments none of these have been in the district during the entire period covered by this report. Equipment: Beni Suef Girls’ School and Community Center completed in August, 1929; land for Foreign Board residence; school and m eet- ing-place at Ashment; meeting-place and evangelist’s residence at El Ayyat; Mission boat “Ibis” ; Ford cars at Minia and Beni Suef. As one observes many small towns as well as the cities o f this district growing by leaps and bounds, one longs that the progress of the Kingdom might keep pace or a step in advance, but with so many changes in missionary personnel during the past and with the discouragement of decreased budgets, we have scarcely been able to hold our own. 72 Egypt—Beni Suef and District

BENI SUEF AND DISTRICT

The Rev. and Mrs. S. I. Acheson were making- a splendid record when the dengue fever laid Mr. Acheson low and took them home for furlough a year early. In his short time here he made a very important contribution to the work in securing the land for the Girls' School and Mission residence, and in building the meeting-place at El Ayyat, as well as stir­ ring up a real interest in evangelistic activities. Dr. S. G. Hart came in January, 1929, and as usual took a deep and helpful interest not only in the building of the new school and com­ munity center but in all the work of the district. No one wras appointed to Minia while the Reeds were on furlough; therefore, on the arrival of the Galloways in Beni Suef in October, 1929, the one missionary had supervision of the work of both pro­ vinces.

EVANGELISTIC

Centers for evangelists in this district exceed in number the evangelists. The Mission has but three evangelists and the Synod two. The new meeting-place at El Ayyat fills a great need. The evangelist visits many surrounding villages, holding regular services at Mataniya and El Ayyat on the Sabbath. He has been very successful in interesting Moslems and has started a day school supported by special contributions. The evangel­ ist at Bush visits Ashment weekly as well as other places oc­ casionally. The third evangelist at Tumbidy, near Maghagha, has been successful in gathering a number into the church dur­ ing the past two years. A group of Evangelicals have formed themselves into a little church at Ahnasiya El Madina this year and added to their number some of the Coptic Christians; they have started a little school and are very eager for the help of a regular evangelist. The splendid group of laymen in the Beni Suef C. E. is doing volunteer service in visiting and hold­ ing meetings in nearby villages. More workers are greatly needed in this large district. In practically all the important centers the missionary conducted special evangelistic services in cooperation with the pastors, followed by communion services.

Women’s Work here has had but four Bible women since the separation of the women’s work in Beni Suef from that in Minia. Two of these work among the Moslem women of Beni Suef and its immediate surroundings; the other two are located out in the district in Wasta and Biba. All four worked faith­ fully throughout the year. For three months we had an ad­ ditional Bible woman working in Ayyat and Matania but this Egypt—Beni Suef and District 73 work had to be abandoned because of the inexperience of the worker and the difficulty of the field. The monthly gatherings of the Bible women for a day of prayer, Bible study and fellow­ ship were a real help. It was a great privilege to help some of the pastors organize women’s missionary societies. A number of women in the district united with the church by profession and we long for the day when great numbers will come out for the Lord, especially from among the Moslem women. So many of them live very crushed lives and seem incapable of receiving spiritual impressions. The Sabbath School conference for workers held in Beni Suef last year was a time of goodly fellowship and inspiration, especially for the district workers who doubly appreciate these rare privileges. We are unceasingly thankful for the splendid building we now occupy. The rooms for women are used regularly for Bible study, health lectures for mothers, and classes for village chil­ dren. For the official housewarming we invited the members of the Beni Suef church and their families to meet the Gallo­ ways, who had just returned from America, and to join with us in thanking the Lord for our new building. Dr. Hart was also with us.

EDUCATIONAL

The Girls’ School in September, 1929, after twenty years in a very unsuitable rented building, moved into its own fine new building leaving the crowded quarters, noisy neighbors, wailing women at the hospital next door, rats, mosquitoes, lizards, flies, damp floors and what not! W e want to continue thanking the Lord for the answering of prayer for a suitable plant. The new building, located in a new section of the city, is well equipped to serve the girls of this city for years to come. The total enrollment, 1929-30, was 142. We believe the de­ crease was due to necessarily increased tuitions and our new location. Three of the four girls of the graduating class plan to teach after they have completed their studies in higher schools. At the end of the school year 1930, Miss Work went home on furlough. Miss Noordewier again took charge. Miss Wilson took over the district evangelistic work.

Village Schools: The school at Mermah in a poor section of the city of Beni Suef, and one in the village at Ashment, are the only two now aided by the Mission. W ould that we had many more for these little schools are not expensive and are real assets in evangelistic efforts. Though competing with free 74 Egypt— Minia and District

government schools with proper management and the right sort of teachers, pupils do seek admittance even though they must pay a small fee. The teachers are Assiut College students who combine the work of teaching, preaching and opening the homes of the people to the Light of Life.

MINIA AND DISTRICT

If an increase in the number of pastors is a sign of progress there has been a remarkable advance during the triennium. Nine under-shepherds have been called and installed since the first of January, 1928, at these churches: Abu Kerkas, Fikria, Dacuf, Hilwa, Beni Mazar, Sherona, Gazerit Sharona, Tahn- asha, and Mansafis. The nineteen pastors now in the Minia District outnumber those in the entire Presbytery three years ago. Several other evangelistic districts are almost ready for pastors. However, the above increase in pastors does not en­ large the number of preachers in the district for licentiates have decreased in number and the drastic cut in Mission funds for evangelistic work under the Mission has necessitated a reduc­ tion in the number of lay-preachers. Another striking feature of the work has been the building of at least eight small churches or meeting-places during the last three or four years. Walls of one or two others stand as a monument of failure to count the cost and inability at present to complete the buildings. Also buildings have been erected for two of the lay-preachers. Several C. E. Societies have been doing splendid work; for years one of these has had a special committee at work for Moslems. One society in a small church just organized with a pastor now in charge has been visiting three towns regularly for years. Two workers who ride for miles in order to visit two of these have had the joy of winning many souls and of helping to build two small churches. This layman effort is a real en­ couragement. One is deeply impressed by how freely the Mos­ lems turn out to hear the gospel message at these places. The exalted place given to Christ by some Moslems is remarkable. They have been called “Jesus” Moslems reminding us of those first called “ Christians” at Antioch.

The Women’s Work is organized under a lady missionary and two Bible women. Many Moslem homes are open for regular visits and plain Bible teaching and there are unlimited oppor­ tunities among the nominal Christians. The school girls attend Minia’s organized missionary society in large numbers. The Egypt— Tanta 75 yearly dues and the thank offering go to help a number of missionary and charitable institutions. Besides the weekly women’s meetings conducted by the pastors, numerous smaller meetings and informal groups gather in various parts of the city and environs where God’s word is well received in spite of somewhat erratic attendance. Women who want to learn to read have the opportunity in a weekly class in one church. A large society of Moslem Protestant and Coptic girls meets every month for devotions, study, handwork and fellowship. There is a large village population within reach by car where Mission and church centers have already been established, but unfortunately the present budget will not support any expan­ sion and very little work can be done among these village women with the present staff.

EDUCATIONAL Since our last report the Evangelical Girls’ School of the Second Church has moved into its new quarters where it has taken on a new lease of life. W e can see great progress made not only in higher standards of teaching, but most of all in a complete change in the religious life of the school. As the school follows the government course of study which gives only two afternoon periods a week for religious instruction among the secondary subjects, the Bible lessons had not re­ ceived their share of study. W e have introduced an initial morning Bible period conducted by patient devoted Christian teachers. The girls love these lessons and have a new vision of their importance. A number of our girls hope to join the church at the next communion service.

TANTA (1892)

Location: Tanta, the third city o f Egypt, the heart o f the Delta geo­ graphically, the site of the Sayyid-el-Bedawi Mosque, an educational center with over 3,000 students of Islamic T heology, and an annual pil­ grimage center where thousands and thousands of pilgrims within the time of a week tread its streets, has a resident population of over 90,000 (1927). The province, of which it is the capital, with a population of 1,791,985, and half of the Menufia Province with its half million or more people, comprise what is known as the Tanta District. Eight other large centers should be mentioned in addition to the City of Tanta: Mehalla Kebir, 45,642; Zifta, 23,233; Dessuk, 22,237; Fua, 17,000; Kafr Zeyat, 14,578; Bissiun, 12,542; Kafr Sheikh, 10,540; Sombat, 6,735. Several of these are important industrial and commercial centers, being in the center of the cotton area. The southern portion of the Tanta District is densely populated, averaging over 15,000 people to the square mile. The most thinly popu­ lated portion has an average of over 600 people to the square mile. 76 Egypt— Tanta

A network of roads covers this district making- it easily accessible by car. Several railroads of the standard and narrow gauge afford easy transportation to the county seats and important towns. Most of the population is engaged in farming and that of a very primitive type except on the large estates.

Missionaries: Rev. J. Howard Boyd, D. D., and Mrs. Boyd, Dr. and Mrs. A. F. Grant, Dr. and Mrs. H. S. Hutchison, Rev. and Mrs. W. B. Jamison, Dr. and Mrs. W. T. Moore, the Misses Minnehaha Finney, Carol McMillan, Sarah Meloy, Marie F. Tait, Ruth M. Williamson, and Laura B. Wright. Equipment: Main hospital building and a two-apartment residence for the doctors; Community House housing the Bible Women’s Training School, residence for unmarried women missionaries and communitj’- center; a building with two apartments' for missionary residence and the first floor for club rooms along Y. M. C. A. lines for young men; The Mary Clokey Porter Girls’ Boarding School; The Delta Car (a railway car fitted up to live in while out on district evangelistic work); one Ford for district work; three cars at the hospital.

EVANGELISTIC

Against the Gospel; Fear, Superstition, Ignorance: “Don’t give that boy a card” (S. S. card with lesson) and the child is snatched away as from fire. “ If you do not be­ lieve in the intercession of the saints and the Virgin Mary you are truly lost/'’ The building erected by Dr. J. Kelly Giffen of sundried brick thirty-five years ago crumbled and fell. The Coptic people said, “Because they have displeased St. George.” The evangelist turned the most of his attention to the Moslems, and today his meetings are crowded. Another building was rented, Sabbath School now numbers over 100, more women attending than ever, more S. S. cards in the hands of the chil­ dren every Sabbath. The texts on intercession were gathered and printed on a sheet and given to the people with the result that the same priest declared that Jesus Christ is our only intercessor, Our four evangelists report continued readiness on the part of Moslems to hear, and many are reading the word. Only three or four have asked for baptism thus far. A convert, still retaining his position in the Egyptian State Railways, gives a fine and fearless testimony on every possible occasion. A very nice new building has just been completed in Bis- siun. The chapel and grounds are a memorial to Ely Boyd, given by his sister, while the school and its equipment have been provided by devoted friends in Egypt and America. The church members have helped to their limit, especially have the carpenters given good and acceptable service. In Kafr es Sheikh though the school is on simple lines, the teacher and his wife Egypt— Tanta 77

have given themselves unsparingly to the work so that those who hear daily and in the Sabbath services are more than at any previous time. The attendance of the women is particular­ ly encouraging and Miss Finney’s visits have resulted in the establishment of a women’s society. In Dessouk, school and evangelistic work move on hand in hand with a good Sabbath School and well attended meetings. The Combat school, with its 130 boys and girls, is almost self-supporting; it has almost 300 in the Sabbath School. The pupils are gathered from nine surrounding villages and from the town itself. In Mehalla, the most prosperous city in this great province, the school is flour­ ishing and the Sabbath School gaining. Our results in the gov­ ernment examinations help hold our school position.

Women’s Work should organize and carry on efforts designed eventually to reach ONE MILLION women and girls, nearly one hundred per cent Moslem and unlearned. Five Bible women do house to house visiting, four of whom have had the training offered by the Training School. This visitation evangelism needs more trained workers. As the outcome of these regular and special meetings for women, in many places there is organ­ ized a Women’s Missionary Society. A Bible woman finds rich opportunities for holding many neighborhood meetings, some of them entirely Moslem. One old Moslem woman said, “ Read to us, explain the word and sing, but don’t talk so much about Christ.” Voices of protest arose from the one hundred Moslem present, “No, no! We want to hear about Christ.” Another approach is visiting scores of villages by means of the house-railway car. We do well to reach some such unoc­ cupied villages once a year with the gospel message interspers­ ing temperance talks and child welfare instruction, using color­ ed charts and the “ hospital Chase doll” wThich can be bathed, put to bed, doctored, and even fed in pretence. How the village women flock in when we hold a series of meetings in a village with such attractions, and with the magic lantern picturing the life of Christ, and song services using a suitcase organ. Open doors! Boundless opportunities!

Evangelistic Work in the Tanta Hospital has been carried on daily and at the clinic on visiting days. Since November, 1926, men, women and children from 413 towns of the Delta have been patients and so heard the gospel in lessons systematically arranged to show the Bible way of life. Place a lighted star atop the home of each hearer, and an aviator could see what ought to quicken the pulse of anyone longing for the spread of the Good News. Looking down on the city of Tanta he would see 519 star-marked Moslem homes and over 180 Christian and 78 Egypt— Tanta

Jewish ones. Within a radius of 60 miles from Tanta, he would look down on two large towns in each of which there would be over 100 lighted stars, practically all on Moslem homes. Over other villages here and there he would find three, each with 61 to 85 star-lighted roofs; three with 41 to 60; 12 with 21 to 40; 32 with 11 to 20; 188 with 2 to 10; and 172 with at least one beacon light. W hat might thus be seen is in reality seen right now by Him Who came to seek and to save, and Whose Word will not return unto Him void.

The Tanta Young Men’s Club: “ The Nadi” continues to make good use of the first floor of the Foreign Board building. When the appropriation for the Nadi was cut off entirely, the question was whether the work which had been so well organized and equipped under the leadership of Mr. Lorimer should be drop­ ped and the doors and shutters of these rooms closed. The young men made a special appeal for the continuance of the club and tried to help in making plans to that end. W e decided to continue the work even though we had to draw in our lines somewhat and curtail activities. Last year the subscription fees augmented by tithe money from each of the missionaries and gifts from friends here met the expenses. The same was true for the first half of this year. The paying members average from 35 to 40, over half of whom are Moslems. A preaching service is held each Tuesday and a Bible class each Friday. Personal interviews and the private study of the Bible are encouraged. By means of a “Tract Box” during the past four months there have gone out 5,700 tracts and 4,600 portions of Scriptures. The Egyptian in charge of the Nadi is appointed by the evangelistic committee to city work and the center of his activities is here.

EDUCATIONAL Mary Clokey Porter Girls’ Boarding School: The enrollment 1928, ’29, ’30, has been 253, 296, and 244 girls. Nineteen girls have graduated from the school. Six of this number are pursu­ ing courses of study in higher schools and four others are teach­ ing. The kindergarten continues to be popular. The first year for the Kindergarten Training School in our school here was held in 1929-30. Five girls received this training and received certificates in June. In May, 1929, an Alumnae Association was organized and conducts monthly meetings. This organization is proving a real blessing to the members as well as to the school. W e are very grateful for several new scholarships which enable us to keep several poor girls in school. The building is Egypt— Tanta 79

ideally fitted for the development of the school in every way and we look forward to greater accomplishments in the coming years.

The Bible Women’s Training School: During the past three years we have had 26 girls from the four presbyteries of Egypt. A class of seven girls was graduated in January, 1930. Two of these are married and the other five are working in various centers. Each vacation the girls have served in their own com­ munities, returning in the fall with a greater vision of the need and with a new desire to be prepared to meet that need. For the most part they have shown a splendid spirit and a real desire to learn and to grow.

The Community Center work is progressing in the aim to meet the physical, social, and religious needs of children and women of all classes. W e have a class Friday morning for the children of the neighborhood and one daily for large girls who have had no educational advantages in their youth. Every Tuesday afternoon we have a religious meeting for women, the first one of the month being our missionary meeting. Our Girls’ Club is a department with a daily afternoon program offering to members who pay their dues, lessons in homemaking, hy­ giene, sewing, needle work, games and social times. Our great­ est hope is to enrich their lives by offering to them the Savior and by showing how He enriches the whole life. Our members are about half Moslems and half Copts, with not a Protestant among them. Many come from Wealthy homes, but one is im­ pressed with the emptiness of their lives.

MEDICAL

The year 1928 was the best in the history of the hospital with 1,517 patients. In 1929 there were 1,220, while in 1930 there were 1,208. These three years have been very satisfactory with the ex­ ception of the last six months of 1930 when the work has drop­ ped off in an alarming manner, chiefly in number of patients of the third class. Visiting the sick is characteristic of the Egyp­ tians but as most of our patients come from a distance it costs them a small amount for railway or bus fare and many are com­ pelled now to remain at home. The same can be said of the clinic. We never have had so few patients as during the past four months. This is a common condition with all the city doctors and is doubtless a part of the great world depression, which will right itself in time. 8 0 Egypt— Zagazig

In 1928 a splendid new Victor X-ray plant was installed and has been doing excellent work for the past two and a half years. W e are also glad to report that an upper story has been built on the west wing of the hospital thus completing first and second class accommodation for both men and women. The nurses are delighted with their new quarters on the third floor of the central building.

ZAGAZIG (1894)

Location: Fifty miles northeast o f Cairo. District: Port Said and Sharkia Province except Belbeis. Area: about 1,690 square miles. Popu­ lation (1927): 1,012,382—97% Moslems, nearly 3% Copts, and a fraction of one per cent Catholics, Protestants, Jews and others. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. H. A. McGeoch, the Misses Elsie M. French and Marion A. Paden. Equipment: One central building containing an apartment for a mis­ sionary family, an apartment for two women missionaries, an apartment for the Bible women, the Central Boys’ School, the Central Girls’ School with rooms for several of its teachers, and the chapel; a small primary school building in Kafr el Hukama, Zagazig; buildings in Minet el Gamh, Mit Yaish and Kafr Sakr suitable for school and meetings; a Ford car; a piece of land about one-fourth acre in extent, destined to be a center for women’s work.

EVANGELISTIC The two organized congregations are continuing to let their light shine in their Moslem surroundings. The Port Said building has been enlarged and now has a very successful boys’ primary school which is almost self-supporting. The Zagazig congregation, which has long felt the need of a suitable church building of its own, has secured the lot and the pastor has been putting forth every effort to obtain funds to erect the building. The present financial depression has made the work of gather­ ing money doubly difficult. Worshipping in its own church building the congregation will command a greater place in the eyes of the people. Seven provincial towns have regular preaching services and vSabbath Schools every Sabbath and are ministered to by lay evangelists. These laymen, for the most part, have but meager training and receive small salaries but they are holding Christ up before their fellowmen in these most needy places. Their work is hard and often most discouraging as they labor against all sorts of opposition to build up an evangelical con­ stituency wrhich, we hope and pray, will develop into strong organized congregations. E gypt— Zagazig 81

Bible Women, five in number, have been working faithfully and are finding many more open doors than can be entered. The visits to villages are the gatherings of women at funerals in Zagazig give great opportunities to preach to Moslem women. One Moslem woman, who was formerly a pupil in the Ezbekiya school, said she did not understand the Koran but knew the gospel better. This woman, when the Bible woman visits her, barely waits for greetings, then says, “What word of preaching have you for me today?” W eekly meetings for women are held in Zagazig and in six towns where there are evangelists; the attendance is better than formerly. In Minya el Qamh Moslem women attend almost every meeting. When special evangelistic meetings are held the women come out in great numbers. In the villages and on trains there is a warm welcome for literature.

EDUCATIONAL Boys’ Central School: In 1928-29 the school had almost 300 pupils but in 1929-30 it had but 144. This great decrease was due primarily to our headmaster’s opening an opposition school. Considerable time will be required to repair the breach made through this disappointing experience of a once-trusted worker suddenly doing all in his power to ruin the Mission school. Nearly half the boys are Moslem. The seed of the gospel is constantly being planted in their hearts and lives and we be­ lieve that even though they go from the school without making public confession of Christ the seed sown will bring forth fruit in due time. "

Village Schools: These six schools are continuing with vary­ ing degrees of success. The increasing competition of govern­ ment and other private schools augments the operating expense of the Mission schools. Our appropriation has been repeatedly reduced, causing a gradual decline to work built up by great effort and expense. The time seems upon us when we must further lessen and readjust our work because of insufficient funds. We do not believe in compromising our religious teach­ ing by putting our schools under government inspection in order to receive government aid. The results in the govern­ ment examinations have been for the most part good.

Central Girls’ School: A marvel of the past three years is the increasing enrollment in spite of the multiplication of well equipped government schools. That our good and faithful teachers have stayed with us in spite of salaries so small that we blush to name them in the hearing of either local or foreign educationalists is another marvel. We are forced to endure 82 Egypt— Schuts School for Missionaries’ Children

over-crowding because of an appropriation so small that, with­ out the maximum of tuition fees, the school could not continue. To help meet the need we erected an additional schoolroom on the roof. There is no playground. Within the period the Women's Board has purchased a very admirable plot of ground in the city for new buildings for women’s work, but there is, as yet, not sufficient money at hand for a building, nor is there assurance that this building would include quarters for the school. Within the period the school has begun to enter its pupils for the government primary examinations, being the first Mis­ sion girls’ school to do so, and is glad to report a one hundred per cent success therein. The hostel for village girls continues and is one of the most fruitful bits of our work. This distinc­ tive phase is, properly speaking, not a Mission institution but a missionary one, as it has no appropriation.

Kafr el Hukima, elementary girls’ school, has a smaller enroll­ ment than that of the last Report but we rejoice that the oppor­ tunity for service continues in this neighborhood where there is an increasingly large number of free government schools and cheap private schools. Extensive repairs, including the instal­ lation of a new system of sanitation have been made within this period. Altogether, the place and its equipment are well suited to the work it has to do. Miss Paden continues to superintend the Sabbath School which touches the little girls of the school and also the boys and girls of the neighborhood. This is a thoroughly Egyptian school in which Egyptian ideas and methods of procedure prevail as the American missionary has too many other duties to give it intensive supervision. It has developed considerable initiative in its young teachers and does a valuable work for Christ in its immediate community.

SCHÜTZ SCHOOL FOR MISSIONARIES’ CHILDREN

In serving the needs of our Mission families this school has, in addition, contributed a like service to a widening group of other American citizens residing in Egypt, and to our mis­ sionaries in the Sudan. In spite of the decrease in our mission­ ary force, there has been a slight increase in students. W e are happy to be able to serve other Americans in this way and feel that the wider contacts thus provided to our own children have been beneficial. Egypt—Summer School for Teachers 83 Daily Vacation Bible Schools

The full elementary course with three years of high school has been continued. Our graduates during the six years of the school’s existence have numbered seven. High standards of scholarship have been maintained and students passing from Schütz to schools at home have had no difficulty in matriculating and maintaining their records. W e have three full-time Ameri­ can teachers, all graduates of the church colleges, a half-time American music instructor, and a half-time French(teacher. The boarding department is managed by a trained English nurse. The health of all the children has been excellent. W e continue to use the building built for summer quarters. This building, while not too well adapted for classroom pur­ poses, is quite adaptable for dormitories. Its location near the sea and its large garden make a good plant for general school purposes. A number of articles of much needed equipment have been added. Among these are hot water heaters for bath­ ing, an Encyclopedia Brittanica, additional library books, etc.

SUMMER SCHOOL FOR TEACHERS

Summer School for Teachers was held in Assuit during the summers of 1928 and 1929. Political disturbances made it seem unwise to hold the school in the summer of 1930. The number of schools represented was 37 in 1928 and 38 in 1929. The school has been dependent on support raised on the field and neither it nor the schools :and teachers served have had funds sufficient to secure the needed larger attendance of village teachers. However, to a considerable number of most deserving teachers this school has afforded deeply appreciated opportunities for professional, intellectual and spiritual development.

DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOLS

The Mission schools have had a large share in the Daily Vacation Bible School work in Egypt. This work was begun in 1929 when Dr. Robert Boville of New York City visited Cairo and Assiut to enlist volunteers for the work. He was gratified with the deep interest shown, and through Rev. A. A. Thomp­ son sent a generous gift for initiating the work. During the summer 41 schools were conducted and 1,300 neglected and il­ literate children were gathered in for training. The schools were held in private homes, in school buildings, and in churches. 84 Egypt— Work for Literature

A regular program of lessons, games and handwork was given, and, in addition, the children were taught politeness, cleanliness, and respect for the flag. The Bible stories and memory texts were given a prominent place in the daily pro­ gram. As the work progressed, tidiness and order increased and fewer quarrels disturbed the progress of the work. Chil­ dren of all faiths enjoyed the Bible stories, learned the memory texts and joined in prayer. Many children learned to read, and some promised to enroll in the regular village schools in Sep­ tember. The parents were very proud of their children’s hand­ work, which was shown at an open program held at the end of the six weeks’ work. In the summer of 1930 the wrork was undertaken again with increased enthusiasm. In this second year 148 young men and women, 128 of whom were from the American Mission schools, had a share in the work. They conducted sixty schools in which were enrolled 2,390 children. W ith the help of Rev. A. A. Thompson and his committees in Assiut, Rev. Stephen A. Trowbridge and Mr. Mitry Dewairy of the World’s Sunday School Association published a handbook containing an out­ line of all the lessons to be taught in the schools. This hand­ book, together with the supplies of charts, blackboards, chalk and handwork materials made the work much more effective. Difficulties were encountered, but they did not discourage these young workers and their enthusiastic reports will enlist other helpers for 1931. The good accomplished by this effort to reach some of the neglected children of Egypt cannot be measured by human standards. And the opportunity for service afforded the young men and women of our schools, and the evident satisfaction received from sharing in it, have been unequalled.

WORK FOR LITERATURE

For a good many years the Mission of the United Presby­ terian Church in Egypt has worked in closest cooperation with the Nile Mission Press in the production and distribution of literature. This united effort has had two definite develop­ ments. First of all it has been a splendid illustration of the pos­ sibilities. of Christian unity in the presentation of the gospel to the Mohammedan people. It has given a definite channel through which united missionary endeavor has found expres­ sion and has obviated overlapping of effort in the preparation of the gospel message through the printed page. The second result has been a lessening of effort on the part of our own Mis- Egypt— Work for Literature 85

sion in the production of literature and the neglect of talent that should have been directed toward this type of work. With the increasing demand for literature in present day Egypt, this has been a great loss to the Mission. For advantageous as co­ operative work has proved to be, yet it does not provide ade­ quately for the needs of our large and growing Evangelical Church. During this period there has been a larger effort on the part of the Mission to promote this branch of our service and to stimulate interest in literature among the churches and schools of Egypt. ' At the meeting of our Mission Association in January, 1928, the work of several committees dealing with literature, v iz : the Nile Mission Press, Joint Colportage Association, American Christian Literature Society for Moslems, the Publication and Business Committees of our Church and Sabbath School papers were all united as sub-committees under the direction of the Literature Committee. This consolidation of committee work has proved advantageous. It has made possible a more definite literature program. The sub-committee of the Church paper, El Huda, consists of four missionaries and five Egyptians. The paper has been enlarged somewhat and the subscription list increased. A special evangelistic number is issued monthly which is prepared with Moslems particularly in mind. About five hundred copies are sent to Moslem readers each month. An illustrated supplement has been added recently which is very much appreciated by both Christian and Moslem readers. The Mission has been seeking during this three year period to promote a greater interest in wholesome literature among our own church people. In response to a request from our Mis­ sion the Synod of the Nile appointed members to a joint com­ mittee which is encouraging the establishment of libraries in churches, Christian Endeavor Societies and schools. A central Reference Library has been established in Assiut which now contains 975 carefully reviewed volumes. These publications cover a wide field suitable for pastors, students, Bible women, children, and home reading. Lists are sent out to the various centers and our people are encouraged to read more and better books. There has been evident interest in this new venture manifested by the establishment of new libraries in several of our churches and the enlargement of libraries already existing. Fourteen books are now in process of preparation for publica­ tion, a number of which have appeared in serial form in the Church paper during recent years. Our Mission and the Evangelical Church are now cooperat­ ing with the other mission, and church organizations of Egypt in an annual “Wreek of Witness” through the distribution of 86 Egypt— Work Against Drink and Drugs

literature. Last year in the city of Cairo over 13,000 pieces of literature, including about 6,000 portions of Scripture were dis­ tributed in one week. The effort is being extended this present year to all the centers where missionaries reside. The hope is that eventually the movement may be taken up in all the evan­ gelical centers. These printed messages enter many homes and bear witness where the spoken word would not be received. Be­ cause of this fact and because of the increased literacy and the awakening of a new race consciousness among the peoples of the Moslem world, together with new ideas and new ideals, the opportunity for a faithful presentation of Christianity through the printed page is wider than ever before in the history of mis­ sionary effort. While both missionary schools and hospitals are facing serious problems because of the development of government institutions with superior equipment, the general public becomes increasingly accessible to the gospel message through the medium of literature.

WORK AGAINST DRINK AND DRUGS IN EGYPT

During the past ten years narcotic addiction has become one of the major problems of the country. To the hashish and opium which have long been in use here have been added the so-called “white drugs,” cocaine, and the more high-powered heroin. Russell Pasha, the English head of the Cairo police, says that no nation has ever gone down before a vice as Egypt has gone down before drugs. He estimates the number of ad­ dicts in the country as about five hundred thousand, which means one addict for every twenty-eight of the population. Since the large majority of addicts are men the proportion of male addicts might be as high as one in eighteen. There is ad­ diction in every class of society. The Egyptian government has been putting forth strong efforts to combat this evil. The law at present forbids posses­ sion of these drugs as well as trafficking in them, with maximum punishment of five years’ imprisonment and a fine of L. E. 1000. Repeatedly Russell Pasha has presented to the League of Nations Egypt’s plea for restrictions in European countries of drugs exported from them. Much has been accomplished in this way, and in cooperation with police in other lands the in­ dictment of more than one notorious gang of international traf­ fickers has been secured. An education campaign has been carried on by means of lantern slides, films, and a very widely distributed poster, so that ignorance as to the consequences can no longer be the excuse for addiction. Public opinion is forming to condemn the habit. It is no longer considered smart to be a Egypt— Summary of Statistics 8 7

■“Sniffer.” According to the report of the Central Narcotics Intelligence Bureau for the year 1930, addiction, especially in the provinces, is being reduced, though it is still a national danger of the first magnitude. The Mission has always been active in the temperance cause, for it recognizes that Christ came to save to the utter­ most those that were lost; and who is more completely lost than he who has dissipated his manhood through drink or drugs? It has been the experience many times that a temper­ ance tract has been the opening wedge for conversation with some Moslem, leading to the subject of his personal relation­ ship with Christ. In this work the Mission has had the active cooperation of Egyptian pastors and teachers and of the newly organized Egyptian W . C. T. U. Pamphlets, blotters and leaflets have been prepared and distributed. One drug leaflet has reached a circulation of 100,- 000; an alcohol leaflet has reached the 70,000 mark. Use has been made of poster and essay contests, and of poster exhibits. Magic lantern pictures, proving very popular, have carried the temperance message to thousands. These pictures are especial­ ly suited to street meetings where the comments overheard show that the message has gone home. W orld’s Temperance Sabbath and Temperance Week have been increasingly ob­ served from year to year. Appeals are circulated at those times to all known Christian workers including the Coptic evangel­ ists. Great quantities of literature are distributed and many special meetings held. Pledge signing has always been em­ phasized. N Special temperance programs have been planned for sum­ mer conferences, for pastors and teachers. Teachers of Assiut College on tours of summer extension work have made much use of temperance literature and slides. Nearly two hundred student teachers of Daily Vacation Bible Schools were sup­ plied with copies of “ A Wonderful House,” leaflets, blotters,, and a small set of posters during the summer of 1930. It is a matter for thanksgiving that Egyptians themselves are coming to realize the danger to their country from drink and drugs and are working to arouse public sentiment still further against them.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS

EGYPT I. FIELD 1928 1929 1930 Area in Square M iles...... 13,600 13,600 13,600 Population ...... 14,168,756 14,168,756 14,215,364 Christian Community ...... 50,000 50,000 50,000* 88 Egypt— Summary of Statistics

II. WORKERS FOREIGN: Under regular appointment— 1928 1929 1930 Ordained m en ...... 34 29 26 Unordained men ...... 13 17 14 Unmarried women ...... 46 53 54 W ives ...... 46 45 39 Under Short Term appointment...... 75 92 92

Total Foreign W orkers ...... 214 236 225 IATIVE: Ordained m en ...... 97 ' 106 109 Licentiates ...... 30 27 25 Unordained men ...... 609 629 598 Women workers ...... 355 401 424

Total Native W orkers ...... 1,091 1,163 1,156

II. W O R K . CHURCH STATISTICS: Synods ...... 1 1 1 Presbyteries ...... 4 4 4 Organized Congregations...... 126 134 136 Unorganized groups of Believers...... 205 182 180 Self-supporting Congregations ...... 50 50 52 Elders ...... 179 190 180 Communicants ...... 19,241 19,625 20,040 Increase by Profession ...... 903 934 896 Net Increase ...... 471 384 415 Sabbath Schools ...... 260 274 253 Enrollment ...... 21,719 22,705 22,153 Young People’s Societies ...... 118 125 123 M embers ...... 5,091 5,474 5,349 Missionary Societies...... 73 74 72 Members ...... 5,054 4,990 4,392

EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS: Theological Seminary ...... 1 1 1 Enrollment ...... 21 14 14 Colleges ...... 2 2 2 Enrollment ...... 996 1,128 1,227 High Schools ...... 6 6 6 Enrollment ...... 1,776 1,903 1,914 Grade Schools ...... 20 19 17 Enrollment ...... 3,255 3,175 2,767 Primary and Elementary Schools ..... 189* 214 187 Enrollment ...... 12,365* 12,455 12,991 Total number of Schools ...... 219 243 213 Total Enrollment ...... 18,721 18,713 18,935 Total Christian Students...... 14,885 15,033 14,878 Total Native Instructors...... 727 794 800 Total Native Christian Instructors ...... 572 t t * Estimated, t Not reported. Egypt— Summary of Statistics 89

3. MEDICAL STATISTICS: 1928 1929 1930 Foreign Physicians ...... 6 7 7 Foreign Nurses and Others ...... 20 21 19 Total Foreign Staff...... 25 28 26 Native Physicians ...... 2 2 1 Native Nurses and Others ...... 89 66 63 Total Native Staff...... 91 68 64 2 2 2 Dispensaries ...... 4 -6 7 Beds in Hospitals ...... 228 238 238 In-Patients ...... 4,434 3,465 3,453 Total Patients...... 47,063 f 34,153 Major Operations ...... 892 1,005 956

4. LITERATURE: Literature work in Egypt largely through cooperative agencies.

5. INCOME FROM NA TIVE SO URCES: From the Native Church ...... $125,254 $148,948 $127,170 From Educational W ork ...... 284,118 253,866 361,267 From Medical Work ...... 60,070 53,245 48,708 From Literature...... t t t

Total raised on the Field ...... $469,442 $450,376 $537,145

f Not reported

IN INDIA

1928 -1930

India—Introduction 93

INTRODUCTION

In spite of a tense political situation and acute economic distress, the work of the Punjab Church has moved steadily forward during the past three years, until there is now a church membership of 45,002 and a total Christian community of 96,203. Some may wonder why political movements need men­ tion in a Mission report. Few Indians distinguish American missionaries from British subjects, and when feeling is running high against the Government because of political agitation our work is less welcome. Then, too, India is becoming politically- minded and nationalism has become more important than re­ ligion to large numbers of the educated classes. Although the British Government is neutral in religious matters, there is a great prejudice against Christianity simply because it is the religion of the ruling race and it is considered unpatriotic to accept the Englishman’s religion. In times of nationalistic fervor, it is harder to interest people in Christian teaching. The classes that have furnished practically all of our converts are at the bottom of the social scale and care little for politics.

India has suffered from the world-wide economic depres­ sion as much as any part of the world. The farmers find prices so low that it is hard for them to pay their taxes, and almost all types of business are dull. This is accentuated by the non­ cooperation movement and the boycott of foreign goods. It is doubly hard on our wx>rk that the period of falling support in American coincides with economic depression in India. The Indian Church is not yet strong enough to support the work which the American Church is closing. The closing of the Guj- ranwala High School, which had been one of the best schools in the. province for many years, was tragic; the work in Jhelum District has been seriously crippled by the closing of the San- ghoi Middle School and the Jhelum High School. Primary and branch schools have been closed in other places, and the mis­ sionary personnel has been decreased so that there are not enough men to care for all the Mission’s work. Further, we are getting no new recruits. The last man to join the Mission is now ready to go home on his first furlough. Probably the most encouraging thing in our Indian Church is the training of elders in Sialkot Presbytery and the organi­ zation of self-supporting congregations in the villages of these oldest Mission districts. Nearly all the circles in Pasrur, Bad- omali, Zafarwal and Gurdaspur Mission Districts are organized 9 4 India—Introduction

and have their own pastors. The work of our self-support pas­ tors has become well known in North India and is a source of encouragement to other missions. The year 1930 marks the 75th anniversary of the arrival of Dr. Gordon in Sialkot; As we look back at the difficulties he had to face and the slow growth of the first thirty years of work, we have reason to thank God and take courage. Though we see little change from year to year, yet when we study our statistics at longer intervals we see progress that fills our hearts with gratitude. After the first thirty years of work there were only three ordained Indian ministers and a total Church member­ ship of 2,176. After sixty years there were 45 ordained ministers and there was a total membership of 31,996. Today there are 100 pastors and 45,002 Christians. W hat does the future have in store? May we all be faithful in doing our share so that we may soon reach the 98% that are still strangers to the Church of Christ. India—In Memoriam 95

IN MEMORIAM

¿ Jta . IE. (EamphpU

Born at Smyrna, Indiana Co., Pa., December 12, 1878 Arrived on the Mission Field 1902 Died at Cleveland, Ohio, October 25, 1928

Mrs. E. E. Campbell (Anna Mary Hamilton) was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Hamilton of Blairsville, Pa. She was graduated from the Blairsville College for Women in 1901 and her interest in missions was crystallized into a definite decision to serve in India through a visit of Miss M. A. Law­ rence in 1902. That same year she came to the mission field. After a year of language study, Miss Hamilton was as­ signed to district work in Zafarwal, where she labored until the end of her first term. On her return from her first furlough, she was located in Rawalpindi for evangelistic work in the Canton­ ment and itineration in the district. Here she endeared herself to many people. In 1915 she became the wife of Rev. E. E. Campbell, the Manager of the Christian Training Institute in Sialkot, and thereafter her sphere of influence was principally in that school. Especially through her “Juniors” she influenced many to higher ideals and better attainments. From Sialkot she went on furlough in March, 1928, never to return. Weakened by disease contracted while serving her Master in India, she was unable to recover from an operation and passed peacefully away in Cleveland, Ohio. She is survived by her husband and her daughter Helen. She was a woman of winsome personality, calm, gracious, tender, loving. Throughout her years of service in a trying cli­ mate, with problems which harassed the soul, she preserved an unruffled dignity. She is mourned on the field by her mission­ ary associates and by a large number of Indian people who knowing her, loved her well. Her memory abides in sweet and wholesome fragrance.

Mrs. Eobrri Steuiari Born in Northwood, Ohio, December 19, 1845 Arrived in Egypt, 1869; Arrived in Gujranwala, India, January 7, 1882 Died New Wilmington, Pa., January 21, 1929 9 6 India— In Man oriarn

Eliza Frazier Stewart was the wife of the late Rev. Robert Stewart, D. D., and daughter of the Rev. J. B. Johnston, D. D. A woman of strong personality, her superior mental equipment was combined with grace and charm beyond the ordinary. Her direct call to the mission field came as she heard an address by Miss M. J. McKown, of Egypt; two weeks later she was on her way to serve that land. Hers was the prepared heart; she was ready to follow where her Lord called. She said that the verse that sustained her in those days was from Isaiah, “ Fear thou not, for I am with thee: be not dismayed; for I am thy God. I will strengthen thee: . . . yea, I will uphold thee.” Doubtless her going to Egypt was made easier by the fact that a beloved brother, Dr. D. R. Johnston, was already laboring in Egypt. Miss Johnston arrived in Egypt in the autumn of 1869. Her whole term of service was spent in Cairo in school work. Her marriage to Dr. Robert Stewart took place in 1881, the cere­ mony being performed by Dr. Lansing, assisted by Drs. Watson and Harvey. Twelve years of service in Egypt and a knowledge of the Arabic language made her a valuable member of our Mis­ sion force in India. Because she knew Arabic, the Indians regarded her as a very learned woman. Very few men in India can converse in Arabic, and for a woman to be able to do so was almost beyond belief. Her knowledge of Arabic was a real asset in her work among Moslems. Her first home in India was the Christian Training Insti­ tute in Sialkot where her husband served as Principal and also as the head of the little Theological Seminary then in its in­ fancy. Already a trained worker, she did not have to stumble through the experimental years as most of us do. She took at once the place of a leader, teaching the wives of the Seminary men and helping the students of the C. T. I. Four children came into the home. Two of them became missionaries in India. Harris J., who is now Principal of the Theological Seminary in Gujranwala, and Mabel C., at present detained in America for reasons of health. She was an able Bible teacher and wise in guiding others into positions of responsibility. Though she had many outside duties, her chief sphere of influence was in the home, a perfectly kept, restful haven. It was a joy to slip in for an hour in the evening and confer with her and Dr. Stewart on affairs of the Kingdom, sure of their interest and sympathy, and of the spirit­ ual help that was needed. Often she would say, “ Let us unite in waiting upon God.” Prayer to her was the first means to be used in accomplishing any object. Her home was ever open to fellow missionaries and to a large circle of Indian Christians and non-Christians as well. India—In Memoriam 97

In 1912, after a short stay in Sialkot, the Seminary was removed to its present quarters in Gujranwala, the money for the building being largely due to gifts secured by Dr. and Mrs. Stewrart. The Seminary was now larger and Mrs. Stewart was occupied chiefly in teaching the wives of the students. Many of the Indian pastors’ wives today rise up and call her blessed.

Mxbb SoBppljtnp EL WtyxU

Born at Grove City, Pa., September 24, 1858 Arrived on Mission Field, January 9, 1885 Died at Lahore, Punjab, India, August 8, 1929

Miss Josephine L. White graduated from Grove City Col­ lege in 1882. Long inclined to mission service, she finally ap­ plied to the Mission Board in answer to a special appeal from the India field for more missionaries, and in 1884 received her appointment. Sailing in November of that year in company with Miss Mary J. Campbell, she arrived in India in January, just at the close of the first thirty years of our Mission history as covered by Dr. Andrew Gordon's book, "Our India Mission.” In her first term of ten years, she served in Jhelum, Gurdas- pur, Sialkot and Gujranwala. After that her time was spent north of the Jhelum River—a large part of her forty-five years of missionary service being in Rawalpindi. Here there had been separate Mission Girls’ Schools for Hindus and Moslems but Miss White succeeded in uniting them. In addition to school work, Miss White did much zenana visiting, proving specially adapted for work with the higher classes. During her later years she worked for short periods in Jhelum and Campbellpur. At her request, in 1928, the Mission relieved her of heavier duties and stationed her in Abbottabad for city zenana work. That winter she had an attack of influ­ enza which left her in a much weaker condition than was real­ ized. She continued work beyond her strength until the middle of the hot summer when at last she had to go to bed. Early in August she was rushed to the Government Hospital in Lahore for more expert advice and treatment. Suddenly and unex­ pectedly on the evening of the eighth of August, 1929, she quiet­ ly passed away. Her body was buried next day in Sialkot, in the cemetery already made sacred by the graves of many others of the missionary family. Miss White was specially noted for her sympathy, patience, kindness and generosity. Many, especially of the higher classes, found in her a true friend and helper. She went her own 9 8 India— In Mem oriam

way unhurried and unworried by the many thing's that often confused others. An Indian co-laborer bears the following- high testimony to her service, “She went into the homes in the city most regu­ larly and faithfully. W e have seen her go in the heat, in cold and in rain. W e have seen her go in her declining years. . . . She was a great, untiring worker, always ready to help with her strength, time and money. She understood the Indian people thoroughly. I have been in some of the zenanas with her, mostly of the educated people of Rawalpindi. They loved and respected her, and she spoke freely to them about their souls.”

M im IE. fflilann

Born near Morning Sun, Iowa, March 27, 1850 Arrived on Mission Field December 10, 1875 Died at Pasadena, California, July 5, 1930 Miss Cynthia Wilson was so sickly in infancy that the neighbors would say to her mother “You will never be able to raise that child.” But when they saw her thriving they said “ God surely must have some good work for her to do, for which He has so miraculously preserved her life.” She united with the church at the age of fifteen and early formed the purpose of be­ coming a missionary. In the face of many difficulties she ob­ tained an education, graduating from Monmouth College in June 1873. Offering herself for foreign mission work she was appointed to India in the autumn of 1874. She was first located in Gujranwala where she was engaged in school work for non-Christian girls. Those were the days when Christian teachers were few in number and she had to rely on Mohammedan teachers, even for the teaching of the Bible. In spite of this handicap, through careful supervision and unflagging zeal for the best interests of the pupils she was highly successful and had 500 girls enrolled in her schools. She was a hard, capable worker and greatly loved by those who knew her. After many years in Gujranwala she was transferred to Gurdaspur District to work with her sister Rosa; later they took charge of the work in Pathankot. She was a woman of unusual charm and ability, having gained an unusual command of the vernacular. She frequently contributed religious articles to the press in Urdu and her opinions carried much weight in the Mission. On retiring from the field in 1916 she and her sister Rosa settled in Pasadena, California. In October 1929 India— In Memoriam 99

Miss Wilson fell, fracturing her thigh; after some months of suffering in the hospital she was called to her Heavenly Home, July 5, 1930. “ Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord.”

Mxbb Susa SL Hfilaon Born in Morning Sun, Iowa, January 4, 1859 Arrived on the Mission Field, 1886 Died in Pasadena, California, January 1, 1931 Miss Rosa T. Wilson was the inseparable companion of her sister Cynthia throughout her missionary career of thirty years, as well as in their years of retirement in California. She went to India with Dr. Maria White, Miss Kate Corbett, and Miss Given. Her life was spent in the service of the women and girls of Gurdaspur and Pathankot Districts where she and her sister were pioneers. There were no more faithful workers in the Mission than the Wilson sisters; they were always thought of together although they were quite different in temperament. Miss Rosa took charge of many of the affairs of the home, leav­ ing her sister more free to take the leadership in evangelistic work and in committee work of the Mission. She had an unquenchable love for the village women. They knew and trusted her to an unusual degree, It was her delight to sit with them for hours, teaching them portions of the gospel and verses of the Psalms and leading them in such simple wor­ ship as they could easily appreciate. Returning to America in 1916, the sisters settled in Pasa­ dena, California. In 1918, Miss Cynthia had a stroke of pa­ ralysis. Miss Rosa lovingly cared for her until she fell in 1929 and had to be taken to the hospital. Miss Rosa survived her sister by only six months. 'Her name may worthily be entered on the list of those who gave their all to the Master and served Him to the end. 100 India— Abbottabad

ABBOTTABAD (1921)

Headquarters of Hazara District; ten miles from Havelian; ter­ minus of a branch failway and seventy-three miles from Rawalpindi. A rea: 3,000 square miles. Population: 600,000, almost exclusively M o­ hammedan. Languages :‘Urdu, Punjabi and some Pushtu. The town has an elevation of 4,200 feet in the Himalaya foothills, while the district is covered with hills, some of which are over 15,000 feet high. The district is the northern extremity of British territory in India and the onfy one occupied by our Mission in the North West Frontier Province. The tow’n is an important cantonment for Gukha troops. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. D. E. Alter, Miss Henrietta Moore.

Equipment-. Church and parsonage (Synod property); ladies’ bunga­ low. The work of the Foreign Board has now been carried on without change in missionary supervision for almost six years. Miss Jean Morrison of the Women’s Board went on furlough in the spring of 1928. Miss Henrietta Moore came here from Pathankot; she has had charge of the girls’ school and other women’s work, practically throughout the triennium. Miss Josephine White came from Rawalpindi in the fall of 1928, tak­ ing charge of the city zenana ■work. After only a few months of faithful visiting and teaching she became ill and died on the eighth of August, 1929. After eight years of occupation the Mission secured in 1930 its first property in this station and district. A large and well located property, formerly owned by a C. M. S. missionary, was bought by the Women’s Board for the residence of their mis­ sionaries.

The Church: The congregation of Abbottabad had at first the services of Rev. J. Z. Zaman. On account of the long con­ tinued illness of his wife he left in September of 1928, and was formally released from the pastoral relationship late in 1929. During the vacancy of the pulpit the missionary, under the ap­ pointment of Presbyterjr, assumed the duties of stated supply. In April, 1930, B. A. Joseph, on the completion of his seminary course, was called as pastor, and on the tenth of July was or­ dained and installed. Formerly an elder of this congregation and well acquainted, he has shown exceptional initiative and ability in improving its organization and in developing it. The parsonage has been completed; further remodeling of the church building has changed a rather barn-like appearance to quite an approved church style. India—Abbottabad 101

EVANGELISTIC An increasing movement of inquiry and conversion has been manifest throughout these three years. Previously under the work of our Mission there had been only one baptism among Hindus or Mohammedans within Hazara District. But in this period more than a dozen adults and a dozen children have been baptized from these sources and most of them are remaining true to their profession. Several “Khans,” or independent Pathan landowners, have made a Christian decision and many more seem in prospect. It is hoped that from these as seeds whole churches may take root and be developed out in the district. In association with Mr. Paterson, resident in Mansehra, we have continued former methods of itineration — often being personal guests of some Khan over night. At the close of this period, however, we have adopted a new course. A complete equipment, including a large preaching tent, platform, pulpit, benches, matting, lamp, etc. attracts the important and edu­ cated men of each community where we hold well advertised, consecutive evangelistic meetings for a week or ten days. We present a schedule of carefully prepared addresses on the es­ sentials of our faith. In Abbottabad, during the summer time, we have a unique opportunity for evangelism. Increasingly large numbers of Indians from the plains are finding the elevation of this station desirable as a summer sanatorium and holiday place. A few young Moslems of college graduate grade, free from the restric­ tions of their homes, have become earnest inquirers and have stated their definite intention of becoming Christians. Because of lack of staff, no women’s work is carried on in the district except the faithful and effective service of Mrs. Paterson (an English evangelistic worker) in Mansehra and surrounding territory. In Abbottabad city and Cantonment an Indian Bible woman visits annually hundreds of non-Christian homes. The third, fourth and fifth Annual Abbottabad Conferences have been held in September each year. These have ministered to the needs of the missionaries and Indian Christian leaders of the frontier and north Jhelum Punjab and have brought about better acquaintance and cooperation. Plans are under way for the continuance and expansion of this conference.

EDUCATIONAL The Girls’ Primary School has flourished in spite of being handicapped by lack of buildings and equipment. Sixty-seven 102 India— Bad ornali children, of whom fifty-two are non-Christians, and generally from the better families, have attended. Some, however, are only summer students from the plains—four of them from as far as Kabul. During the last two summers Miss Johnson, a retired C. M. S. missionary, lived with Miss Moore and gave valuable assistance, especially in the school work.

BADOMALI (Pasrur South) (1915)

Southern part of Pasrur tehsil of the Sialkot Civil District. Area: approximately 300 square miles. Population: 150,000, all rural. About 61% are Moslems, 23% Hindus, 6% Christians and 8% Sikhs. Lan­ guages: Punjabi and Urdu. About 5% of males can read. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. E. V. Clements, Miss Roma B, Beatty. Equipment: Two bungalows; eight parsonages; eight schoolhouses.

EVANGELISTIC Statistics recently compiled show that we have a Christian community of 9,090, of whom 5,235 are church members. We are glad to report one more settled self-support pastor. There are now nine of these pastors in the district, and we hope one of our students now completing his seminary course will occupy the tenth congregation. One last circle remains to be organized. We rejoice this year in the completion of another burnt brick parsonage. It was given by a kind friend at home at a cost of Rs. 1000, the unskilled labor and the site being provided by the local church. This makes our third brick parsonage, and we mean to keep right on until all of them are of this substantial variety. The training of elders is still being emphasized. For fourteen years this work has been carried on and the end is not yet. Our ten congregations now have seventy-eight ordained elders, and ninety-five are taking the Synod’s course in prepara­ tion for ordination. W e feel that one of our most important efforts should be to encourage our pastor group to take on more responsibility. At a recent conference a Pastors’ Association was newly formed for getting help on their mutual problems.

Women’s Work is in charge of Miss R. Beatty. Miss Emma Stauffer worked in the district with Miss Beatty in 1928 and 1929 when the ladies carried on the work in the absence of Mr. Clements. Miss Beatty writes, “ W e are trying to keep up the interest in the little missionary societies started in some of our villages. Women take the Bible course along with the men, India— Campbellpur 103

though not so many of them pass the examinations. Non-Chris­ tian homes are open to us, and thousands would listen to the gospel if only they had the opportunit}’’.”

EDUCATIONAL Primary Schools: W e have a total of 553 pupils in ten schools; of these pupils 128 are Christians. Out of the group of twenty teachers (two in' each school) fourteen are trained; eight of them were trained in Moga. Only three of the teachers are non- Christians, two of whom are our own schoolboys. Moga trained teachers have been a real boon to our schools. Our great prob­ lem has been to keep the large first class in school. Now Moga methods interest the child from the beginning. Our greatly improved schools have been made possible by faithful special supporters and by government grants amounting to Rs. 2044. There are also ninety-five Christian children in Government schools. Girls’ Schools: We are more pleased than ever with the con­ tract system for our village schools for girls. Our aim is to teach them enough that they can read their Bibles. There are nine of these schools with 160 girls as pupils. Examination day is a big day in a village; crowds of women gather to listen. The mothers and grandmothers are almost as excited when a girl gets a doll as the girl herself. Miss Stauffer writes, “I was sur­ prised at the number of little Mohammedan girls who were reading the Gospels. Some had been so interested that they were reading on in the New Testament. One girl said she want­ ed to read slowly so she could understand it, and the next year it was found she had finished all but a few chapters in Revela­ tion.”

CAMPBELLPUR (1916)

Headquarters of Attock Civil District, about 200 miles northwest of Lahore. This district is situated in the extreme north of the Punjab, separated from the North West Frontier Province by the Indus River. Area: about 4,000 square miles, much broken by three mountain ranges and their spurs. The roads in most places are impassable for motors. From north to south the greatest length is ninety-six miles and its width seventy-two. Population: 563,273; over 90% Mohammedans, of rugged independent farming classes; 5% Sikhs and 4% Hindus. Many bands of robbers live among the hills. Languages: dialects of Western Punjabi, Urdu, Pushtu and Persian. About 3% of the people are literate. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. Wm. Sutherland,-Misses Minnie E. Beatty and Ella M. Gordon. Equipment: Two missionary residences. 104 India— C ampbellpur

C IT Y W O R K Our great problem has been the non-churchgoing Christian community of the better class. There are quite a number who, although most kind and friendly in a social way, would yet have nothing to do with the church. In the past three years we have been making a spècial effort to interest them in the things of God. An English service was conducted by Mr. Sutherland. They were most appreciative and the meetings have been a success. The Church: The membership of the church has not in­ creased. Due to the fact that we have a rather shifting popula­ tion, it is hard to build up a stable membership. W e have done well in self-support. A young man of sterling character has been called as our stated supply and we provide his salary in full without help from Presbytery. We are, therefore, quite self-supporting; our budget amounts to about Rs. 1200 per annum. Zenana Work is carried on by the ladies in the zenanas of Campbellpur city. Hindu, Sikh, and Mohammedan homes are visited. Miss Gordon tells of a women who asked prayer for her daughter who was sick with typhoid fever. She professed that the child’s recovery was in answer to that prayer.

EVANGELISTIC Reading Rooms: Although we do not find much place for schools in this district, we have great faith in the reading room scheme. Before this tightening up of finances came we had five reading rooms. Though just a “wee hole” among all the other shops in the bazaar, yet it is to these reading rooms that earnest inquirers come for help and guidance. Altogether we have found them a great success in our work, and it almost broke our hearts to have to close them down. Only two are left open; one of these is kept going entirely through the efforts of a dear friend in America who is making a great sacrifice in order to send the money month by month. Our Mission schools are going, of necessity, but I feel that the day of the reading room—the real, attractive, helpful reading room—is yet to come. Itineration : One hundred ninety-eight villages have been visited by our camp while three hundred thirty-four have not yet been reached in any way. Considerably less than half of the population has had an opportunity to hear the gospel. Of these, 195,500 live in little hamlets which are practically unreachable without an unlimit­ India—E minabad 105

ed supply of time and money. During the triennium, two large, well-populated sections of the district were visited. The Pindi camp joined us in 1928 when we worked in the Chhuch Valley. The fact that each of the two districts had only one lady mis­ sionary made this plan necessary. Dr. Brown,-who was of the party, was astonished at the change ten years had wrought in the attitude of the people. When he was here before the hos­ tility of the people prevented the missionaries from visiting these villages. We kept our camp in one place all the time, on alternate weeks visiting the city of Hazro and the surrounding villages. In this way we gave the people time to think over our message before we returned. It also advertised our camp site and allowed inquirers to come night after night, even from a distance. Another year we went to the far-off Sohan Valley. This is difficult of access and as there are no roads, camels were needed,— camels are much more expensive to maintain than m otors!

Women’s W ork: Miss Beatty and Miss Worman write, “ We have fewer than 125 Christians in our whole district in nine different centers. In some places we have spent several days in fellowship with the Christians and in visiting in the non- Christian homes. One wonders at the bravery of our people who are the only Christians among several thousand non-Chris­ tians. To be denied Christian fellowship must indeed be a very heavy cross. Thank offering services with the women were held in three different places where there are missionary societies.” Miss Worman returned to America in the summer of 1929 for a serious surgical operation.

EMINABAD (1922)

Originally a part of Gujranwala Mission District. The town is a small one on the main line of the North Western Railway between Lahore and Gujranwala. The area of the district is approximately 420 square miles with a population of 100,000. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. Hugh M. Milne.

Equipm ent: One residence at Dhillanwali; village church. Eminabad District has made real progress towards self- support. In 1930, Rev. Allah Ditta, formerly a salaried evan­ gelist, was ordained pastor of Kamoke congregation in October. Eight missionaries including Dr. Scott wrere present as his or­ dination. He has a pastor’s heart, and took a special course in seminary to prepare himself for this work. The people were delighted that their teacher had now become their pastor. In the’ district there are eight organized congregations and three 106 India— Gujranwala

unorganized circles, each composed of twenty to thirty vil­ lages. Of these only three or four will have evangelists paid from mission funds after next June. Presbytery shows an increasing sense of responsibility for its evangelistic work. This year Mr. Milne was relieved of being moderator of five sessions ; the nearest pastor was appointed instead. Last year Sekhwan congregation completed its church building, and is now build­ ing its parsonage with some help from Synod’s Building Fund. One evil we have denounced and fought at every opportunity is the almost universal custom of taking and giving money for girls at the time of marriage. As the eating of carrion, and then worshipping at the mud altar have given way, so this custom too will surely yield to the persistent teaching of God’s word.

EDUCATIONAL

Eminabad District has twelve Mission primary schools; one was closed, and in its place another was opened at Rehan Chak. The whole community, regardless of religion, joined in the request for this school and promised substantial aid. Chris­ tian pupils in these schools have increased from 138 to 161, but the most marked progress is in the number of girls who study with the boys, the number advancing from forty-two to seventy-seven, and Christian girls from twenty-nine to forty- four. Our Mission thus holds a leading place in primary co­ education.

GUJRANWALA (1863)

Headquarters of Gujranwala Civil District, forty-two miles north of Lahore; was a town of importance under the Sikhs. District: parts of Gujranwala and Sialkot Civil Districts. Area: 460 square miles. Population: 120,000, mostly rural; about 66% are Moslems, 19% Hindus, 9% Sikhs and 6% Christians. There are also a few Jains. About 95% are illiterate. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Colvin, Rev. J. A. McConnelee, D. D., and Mrs. McConnelee, Rev. Robert Maxwell, Prof. and Mrs. W. H. Merriam, Mr. and Mrs. C. C. Millson, Rev. and Mrs. H. S. Nes­ bitt, Rev. T. L. Scott, D. D., Rev. H. J. Stewart, D. D., and Mrs. Stewart, Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Whitfield, the Misses Hazel Bennett, Rosa McCul­ lough, Louise E. Scott. For language study: Misses E. M. Hewitt, M. T. Peterson. Equipment : Theological Seminary with three residences and four dor­ mitories, all of which are the property of the Synod; five residences; one office building for General Treasurer; Boys’ Industrial Home, cottage and chapel; boarding house and a residence for a headmaster; a church building in the city; (another church building, property of Synod); three primary boys’ schools in the city and one primary girls’ school; Girls’ Middle School and residence for the headmistress; eleven village schools; and three village parsonages. India— Gujranwala 107

EVANGELISTIC

During the past three years, despite some hindrance to the work from within the Christian community, the pastors have faithfully carried on the work. There is a growing desire for church buildings. People are willing to contribute labor, sun- dried bricks, and some money if a sufficient grant can be secured to cover the major cash expenses. Help is being given by Synod from its building fund for a pastor’s house in Maraliwala; help is requested by another congregation also. At the monthly workers’ meeting a previously chosen pas­ tor or evangelist teaches the next month’s stories to a group of villagers, and the other workers criticise the teaching method. At first they were inclined to preach too much but they are now trying to hold each other to the story method. It is the method Christ thought best to use and it is the only effective one for our illiterate village Christians.

Women’s W ork: The same ladies have cared for the women’s work in both Gujranwala and Eminabad districts; the work of the two districts is accordingly reported together. Three Bible women have been working, and are much used of God. W e had feared lest the work be hindered by the political situation, but instead we have found a more earnest spirit of inquiry among the educated classes than heretofore, and many Bible portions have been sold.

Many of the pastors’ wives are taking a larger voluntary part in the work and have organized missionary societies. One of these women took charge of the thank offering meeting in her circle and succeeded in making every woman and girl put on clean clothes before coming to the meeting. The women of this pastorate are taking great pride in keeping their places of worship immaculately clean and in good repair. These pastors’ wives, and the schoolgirls wTho conduct Junior societies during the summer vacation, have done much to awaken new interest in the thank offering. At one of the central thank offering meetings 120 were present. As a result of this interest the thank offering was increased twenty-five per cent in 1930.

City Work for M en: The work has continued at low ebb be­ cause no missionary was available to give his whole time to it. The Rev. Jiwan Mai by appointment of Presbytery has had charge of the Basti Dogran congregation where he conducts regular Sabbath services. Elder Ladha Mai keeps the reading room in the city open for part of each day, selling Bibles and other books. 108 India— Gujranwala

Bazaar preaching has been maintained twice a week during the school term by the Seminary students, under the leadership of Mr. Nesbitt and Dr. Stewart. It is only occasionally that other members of the Christian community have joined in the preaching. There have been numerous inquirers during the year, though many of them have been lost sight of. Tara Chand, a converted Hindu shop-keeper of some years’ standing, has been an inspiration by his personal constancy and testimony.

Women’s Work in Gujranwala City and Nearby Villages: Miss McCullough took charge of this work in November, 1928. She writes, “I cannot thank God enough for giving me another opportunity of teaching and witnessing for Christ among these people.” Weekly prayer-meetings have been conducted in each of these villages. In 1929, 1,439 visits were made in 265 homes; 35 women and girls had regular instruction. Though over eighty years of age, Miss McCullough has not missed a day’s work in 1930 because of illness. Her Bible wo­ men, Mrs. Thakar Das and Mrs. Murray, were not so fortunate, as both were seriously ill during the year. The zenanas in the most distant part of the city were visited, where no missionary or Bible woman had been going. Only in one street were they refused a hearing. Fifteen women and girls were found who said they had never heard of Jesus Christ. Many of the zenana women have great faith in prayer when offered in Christ’s name; formerly it was not so.

EDUCATIONAL

The Theological Seminary: The total number of students enrolled in the last triennium was forty-one, including those who graduated in 1928 and those who entered in 1930. Among these were nine unmarried students. At present there are four men in the Theological Seminary and sixteen in the Bible Train­ ing School; of these four will graduate in March. Two students were sent to the Bible Training School from Indore by the Canadian Presbyterian Mission; two were sent by the A. R. P. Church. In 1928 Synod advanced the requirements for admission to both the Bible Training School and the Theological Seminary, so that for the former middle school qualifications are now re­ quired, and for the Seminary at least First Arts certificates. Under this rule there has been a gradual improvement in the grade of students. Under the former rules one student gradu­ ated in 1929, and under the new rules four men of college grade entered in 1930. India— Gujranwala 109

The following changes in staff occurred during this period. Dr. McConnelee became General Treasurer in the autumn of 1928; thereafter he was able to teach only one class in the Semi­ nary. In 1929 Rev. H. J. Stewart, the Principal, went on fur­ lough, returning in December, 1930. In 1929 Rev. Wazir Chand, of Lyallpur, accepted the election by Synod as temporary pro­ fessor, and this position was made permanent in 1930. He has been teaching Pastoral Theology, Homiletics and Apologetics, taking over Dr. McConnelee’s wrork when the latter went on furlough in 1930. The Board of Directors was enlarged in 1928, and at pres­ ent consists of three missionaries and four Indian ministers. The funds available for the Seminary have proved sufficient. Latterly there has been a small amount of income saved, in addition to a small loan to the Synod’s Seminary Professor Fund, from which the salary of the Indian professors is met. One third of Prof. Wazir Chand’s salary is paid from the Mis­ sion budget. Mrs. R. C. Banerjee, who taught in the women’s depart­ ment for about nine years, died in 1928. Her faithful teaching had been a great influence in the lives of the wives of the Semi­ nary students. After her death her place was largely filled by Miss Mookerjea.

The Boys’ Industrial H om e: There has been, on the average, a yearly enrollment of 60 boys. The standard has been raised and only those with ambition are kept on the roll. Fifty-eight boys have united with the church. For the past two years the Industrial Committee has conducted a series of evangelistic meetings for the boys and workmen, after which the annual Bible examination wras given. The plan has proved a blessing. A feature introduced this winter for the instruction of the boys, and much appreciated by them, is a series of lectures illustrated by our new balopticon. Since 1927 thirty-three boys have completed the three- year course in one or other of the five departments of the school. Most of these soon secured positions, others started up on their own in their villages. Forty-eight boys left the school without entirely completing their course, many of these because there was an opportunity for employment in their line of work. In 1929 the Synod showed its interest and confidence in the work of the B. I. H. by voting a sum of Rs. 6000 to be used for the construction of a new shop. With this amount a build­ ing 120 ft. by 45 ft. was erected, all the labor being furnished by the boys and staff of the school. It was decided to use this new shop for the carpentry department as heretofore this work 110 India— Gujranwala

had with difficulty been carried on in three separate buildings; all the carpentry classes moved into it January 1, 1930. Both this and an adjoining shop have ceilings of celotex, thus reduc­ ing the temperature about ten degrees in hot weather. Some of the orders recently filled by the carpentry department have been building materials for the Sheikhupura and Sargodha churches, the headmaster’s house in Martinpur and a Mission bungalow in Lahore, two row boats for the canal department, and a motor boat for a timber company. The blacksmith department deserves special mention be­ cause of its recent progress. Things made in this shop include trailers, iron Persian wheels for wells, trunks, bath tubs, buck­ ets, stoves, ovens, water heaters, and all manner of tools. The installation of a welding plant enables us to do all sorts of repair work which formerly could not be done.

Boys’ High School: By Mission action, March, 1929, this school was closed. This was partly due to the fact that, follow­ ing Mr. Chatterjea’s death in February, 1928, there was no ex­ perienced Indian headmaster to take his place, but largely due to the financial situation. To close an institution that through­ out its history had maintained the leading position among simi­ lar schools of the province in scholarship, struck a lasting blow to our Mission educational work. When we consider that only 17 per cent of the budget for this school came from the Church in America, we realize the extremity to which the Mission was driven to save this comparatively small sum.

Girls’ Middle School: During the last year the highest enroll­ ment was 117, and the lowest 101. This regular attendance shows an advance over former years. At the present time we have forty-five Christians, twenty-eight Mohammedans, and forty-four Hindus. In the yearly inspection the Inspectress gave the school a very satisfactory report in the log book, and we were very happy when, in the Government examinations of the fifth and eighth classes, 100 per cent passed. Miss Louise E. Scott, who has had charge of this school for the whole period, writes, “We lost two of our most promising Hindu girls; one of them at least seemed to be very much interested in the Bible. The reason given by their brother was that they were too big to come to school any longer. Our school has been very little disturbed by the political unrest, for which we are thankful.”

Basti Schools: There are now twenty-one boys and eighteen girls in the Haunsa school; and thirty-six boys and nine girls in the Dogran school. In having the boys and girls study to­ gether, we are still accused of having been the originators of India— Gurdaspur 111

something very new and strange, quite outside the bounds of propriety! Dr. T. L. Scott goes to both schools every day giving Bible lessons. The influence of these lessons is certainly telling. A few days ago an eleven year old boy was asked to help take care of a sick person at night and to be responsible for getting what­ ever was needed. He answered, “Why, of course, I will do it. Didn’t the Dr. Sahib teach us that Jesus had said that we should serve one another?” There are many of these lads who could put an American boy to shame in answering Bible questions. Village Schools for Girls: The village school work for Chris­ tian girls is not encouraging. Natt school has been closed be­ cause of difficulties regarding teachers, and lack of support from the Christian community. One fine girl from Natt school is trying hard to help the other girls of her village to learn to read and we are surprised that they attend so regularly. Village Boys’ Schools: There are about fifty boys in govern­ ment schools and ninety-seven Christian children in our six Mission primary schools. With one exception the teachers of these schools are untrained. Besides the small Mission budget a grant is given by the government to aid this work. A new Bible course has been introduced this year and the examination results are very encouraging.

GURDASPU! (1872)

Gurdaspur city is the headquarters of Gurdaspur Civil District and is about seventy-five miles northeast of Lahore. It consists of Gurdas­ pur tehsil and part of Shakargarh tehsil. Area: approximately 640 square miles with a population of 440,000. Som e sixty-three tribes or castes are represented. About 30% are Hindus, 49% Moslems, 5% Christians and 16% Sikhs. Languages: Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi. More than 97% are illiterate. Missionaries: Rev. H. C. Chambers, D. D., Rev. D. R. Gordon, D. D., and Mrs. Gordon, Misses Emma Dean Anderson, S. Jane Lamont, Sara A. Moore, Vivian L. Trimble. Dharhval: Prof. and Mrs. C. A. Stewart. Equipment: Tw o residences, a church and parsonage; Gurdaspur Home for Women with dormitories and residence for the Superintendent, also chapel and hospital room; primary schoolhouse and six acres of land for the Corbett Memorial Girls’ School. In the district: The Martha Purdy Memorial School and five village schools and seven parsonages. Dhari- wal: church, high school and dormitory; girls’ school.

EVANGELISTIC The period under review has witnessed the following changes in the personnel of the missionaries. Dr. H. C. Cham­ 112 India— Gurdaspur bers took charge of the district from Dr. D. R. Gordon on De­ cember 1, 1929; Miss F. C. Martin left to take up work for the W . C. T. U. at Delhi in March, 1930; Miss V. L. Trimble and Miss S. J. Lamont took charge of the work for the women on the departure of Miss Martin. Changes in the Indian staff have also taken place. Three evangelists and one pastor were placed on the retired list and their places were taken by four graduates from the Seminary. With the approval of the Presbytery and the Mission, a change has been made in the system of collecting and distri­ buting the contributions of the people. Heretofore the mission­ ary in charge has been the treasurer of all funds contributed by those congregations which received aid from the Mission, and he was responsible for the payment of all the salaries of evangelists and pastors working in these congregations. The major part of the contributions went to support Synod’s work, while the major part of the salaries of the evangelists and pas­ tors was paid from the Mission budget. By order of the Pres­ bytery only one-fourth of the contributions now go to the work carried on by the Synod, and the three-fourths are expended upon the salaries of the pastors. W ith the approval of the Presbytery and the Mission, a scale of grant-in-aid has been adopted for the eight congregations (averaging twelve rupees per month) based on the reported membership. Through the organization of Sabbath Schools and the teaching of a course of Bible stories by pastors and teachers the Christian community is being taught the things of God. According to a resolution of Presbytery, open air preaching to non-Christians is being conducted weekly in congregations and centers, and an effort is being made by every congregation to reach every town and village with the gospel message.

EDUCATIONAL

Girls’ School, Dhariwal: The school staff consists of a head­ mistress who has a B. A., and three trained Christian teachers. The pupils are drawn largely from the Moslems, Hindus and Sikhs. The Dhariwal Wroolen Mills show their practical sym­ pathy by aiding the school financially and also by granting land and buildings.

Dhariwal High School: In the period under review there have been no fewer than three Managers, Dr. D. R. Gordon, Dr. H. C. Chambers and Mr. C. A. Stewart. For the first time in the his­ tory of the school the Mission has now located a resident Man­ ager who can give his whole time to the work. Heretofore the India—Jhelum 113

school has been managed by the Superintendent of Gurdaspur Mission District. The school continues to enjoy the patronage and support of the Dhariwal Woolen Mills. The number of students at the end of 1930 was four hundred. Unlike city high schools, most of the boys come from the surrounding villages whence many of them have to walk two to five miles. “Fulton Hall” is the boarding house in connection with the school. Although not taxed to its fullest capacity, it has helped some fifty boys each year to obtain an education under much more favorable con­ ditions for progress than those afforded in their village homes. A little over half of the staff are Christian; they should be better qualified in order to meet the educational demands of the day.

Village Schools: On account of finances a number of schools were closed, leaving fourteen in the district. At the end of 1930 there were more than 900 pupils in these schools, 148 being Christians. There are also sixty-seven pupils in government schools, making a total of 215 Christian pupils, 184 boys and thirty-one girls. The cost of maintenance to the Mission works out at about 150 rupees, or $50, per school. This is an average cost of about one dollar per pupil. “ Certainly this is the limit of economy in education.”

Home for IVomen: Miss Anderson and Miss S. A. Moore report: “During the year 1930 sixty-eight women and thirty-six small children have been cared for by us. We have now seven women training for nursing in the different hospitals in the Punjab.” The Bible has been diligently taught, and much use­ ful work has been done in caring for these needy ones.

JHELUM (1874)

Headquarters of Jhelum Civil District, on the Jhelum River, about 100 miles north of Lahore. Area: about 3,500 square miles. Population: 600,000; Moslems 88%,- Hindus and Sikhs 11%, Christians less than 1%. Languages: Urdu, Punjabi, Pushtu. About 95% illiterate. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. A. W. Gordon, Misses Theresa Brownlee, M. E. Cash, E. P. Hartig, J. M. Howland, F. J. Jameson, E. E. Moyer, J. P. Simpson, M. D. Equipment: Tw o residences for district missionaries; Good Samaritan Hospital and doctor’s residence; church; parsonage; girls’ school building. In the days of the New W'orld Movement expansion, the work was divided into three assignments, Jhelum District, Jhelum City and Schools, and Chakwal District. W ith the re­ 114 India—Jhelutn

trenchment of the last few years Jhelum has suffered most seriously. Less Foreign Board work is now being done than there was thirty years ago. First Chakwal was recombined with Jhelum District. Then on the death of Dr. Caldwell, noted at the very close of the last triennium, Jhelum City and Schools were given into the charge of the district missionary, Rev. A. W. Gordon. After all the gains of recent years had been lost the cut began to bite into long established and flourishing work and, as reported below, first Sanghoi Middle School and then Jhelum City High School were sacrificed. There has been quite a shifting of the ladies of the station during these three years, only Dr. Simpson remaining constant. Miss Howland, on her return from furlough in 1928, came here for district work. In the spring of 1929 Miss Wengert went to Sangla Hill. Miss Flora Jameson, on return from furlough in 1929, was given charge of the girls5 school in addition to being Secretary of the Women’s Educational Board. Miss Logan was transferred to Rawalpindi in 1929. Miss Hartig, from the hos­ pital, went on furlough in 1930 and her place was taken by Miss Cash from Sialkot. Miss Moyer, coming from Lyallpur, served one winter in Jhelum District before going on furlough in 1930. Miss Brownlee, on return from furlough in 1930, was lent to Jhelum for the winter's work.

EDUCATIONAL

Schools for boys in Jhelum, after having been an important factor in our work for more than a quarter century, are now non-existent. Though other causes have contributed to the closing of these schools, financial stringency, which has been the menacing spectre in the background of all our mission work during these past few years, was really the determining reason. The Middle School at Sanghoi had stood for thirty-four years as an outpost of Christian missions, ten miles back from the city of Jhelum, in otherwise unoccupied territory. Gospel teaching and living, along with the prescribed secular courses, had produced a tremendous effect on a generation and a half of the community. For more than a score of years our school had had the active opposition of a rival Hindu school, establish­ ed with the expressed purpose of defeating ours, because a Hindu student in ours had been baptized. Our school, after much negotiation, was finally kept open by transferring it to the District Board for operation. The growth of the Mission High School in Jhelum City from the primary to the high school standard was largely the result of the exceptionally faithful service and the vision of India— Jhelum 115

Mr. Fazl Illahi, the headmaster. Over and beyond his influence over the 400 non-Christian boys attending this institution, Mr. Fazl Illahi, by merit of his high Christian qualities and services, had won a position of leadership in the city. This was so recog­ nized that he was made a Municipal Commissioner. The moral and spiritual tone of this school had attracted hundreds of boys even though the neighboring Government High School had far superior buildings and equipment.

Three successive floods of the Jhelum River culminated in one of unprecedented height in August 1929. Half of the build­ ings of this low lying city were entirely destroyed. Among these was the main building of our school which collapsed in six or eight feet of water, ruining furniture, books and other equipment. The owner would not rebuild it; other desirable buildings were difficult to rent, so the Mission closed the school in April, 1930.

Girls’ School: When Mrs. Caldwell went to America, early in 1928, the management of the Vernacular Girls’ Middle School was assigned to Miss Logan; it was assumed permanently by Miss Jameson on her return from furlough in 1929. This school has as its express purpose the teaching of the word of God to the children, who are mostly Moslems, that they may see Christ as the Savior. In April, 1930, the school had its largest enroll­ ment, 153, and those little, crowded, uncomfortable, unsanitary buildings, where the school is held, fairly groaned because of the crowd. Relief to a small degree came soon by the transfer of some girls to the government school, newly opened in splen­ did, large, airy rooms, and with delightful playgrounds. An urgent request of the Deputy Directress of Public Instruction that we should raise the standard of our school to the Anglo- vernacular had to be refused on account of lack of funds. The Christmas program, entirely religious, was presented by the non-Christian girls to a packed crowd of very interested and respectful mothers. Dolls given as rewards for perfect attend­ ance created great enthusiasm. The spirit of giving has been developed with the special object of helping a school for blind children.

EVANGELISTIC

Reading Rooms are becoming an increasingly popular and effective means of evangelism. There are now such centers in both Jhelum city and Chakwal. These are open daily for the free reading of books, papers, tracts and the Scriptures and for personal work and private conversation. Also, in front of 116 India— Jhelum

the building in Jhelum, twice every week regular bazaar preach­ ing, led by the pastor of the congregation, reaches crowds of three to five hundred. In this work the loss of Mr. Fazl Illahi from Jhelum is keenly felt; he was faithful and energetic in this voluntary service also.

District Itineration and camping in the winter among Jhelum’s 600,000 population and over its 4,000 square miles of rugged mountainous territory has been carried on as usual by the Gor­ don family and the two district ladies. The improvement of roads for the sake of the new bus lines has also made possible missionary itineration by motor and trailer (in place of the old method of camel transport) to the formerly untouched villages of the district. To one such village the missionaries and Indian Christian workers were specially invited by its leading govern­ ment official. The meetings, widely advertised, were attended by large crowds; all were cordially received and entertained. Rev. Barkat Masih, who had been the missionary’s evan­ gelistic assistant for several years, was transferred to Sargodha District. In his place Rev. Buta Mai, a man of long experience, largely self-educated but “mighty in the Scriptures” has come to us from Sheikhupura. He is now specially in charge of the work in Chakwal tehsil.

MEDICAL The Good Samaritan Hospital is grateful that during this last year there has been no flood; in September, 1928, there was a depth of four feet of wTater over the compound, and in 1929 five feet and three inches, with all the attendant danger, discomfort, and necessity of extensive repairs. A government grant of Rs. 5,000 furnished the funds for building five new family wards, completed in the spring of 1929. This, with the twelve-bed ward built in 1927, also from a government grant, has given us accommodation for seventeen more in-patients. W e have had more in-patients this past year than ever before. There were only six days on which we had fewer than our capacity of fifty; sometimes we had as many as sixty-four. The Inspector-General of Hospitals was very much pleased with our group of nurses. There are ten of our own graduates, and eight girls are in training. Mrs. Fazl Illahi, L. M. P., our hospital assistant, has been with us for twenty years and has proved a great help. She is very popular with the women of the city. On account of her husband’s transfer to Rawalpindi she is leaving us. She will be greatly missed by us all. India—Lyallpur 117

A class for training village midwives was held weekly in two centers. Kala Dispensary has been open daily since June. Mrs. Bindra Ban, whose husband was put in charge of col­ porteur work in Kala, is a graduate nurse and compounder. Due to her presence the attendance at the dispensary increased from 1,512, in 1929, to 7,254, in 1930.

LYALLPUR (1895)

Headquarters of Lyallpur Civil District, about seventy-five miles southwest of Lahore. District: part of Lyallpur and other tehsils. Area: approximately 1,512 square miles. Population: 437,000, of which about 95% is rural. 61% Moslems, 18% Hindus, 16% Sikhs, 4% Christians. Languages: Punjabi and Urdu. More than 95% are illiterate. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. Paul A. Miller, the Misses M. J. Fehl- man, L. A. McConnell, M. L. Murdoch and Rose Shereda. Equipment: Two residences for missionaries, a church, a residence for women teachers and workers, nine workers’ residences and five church buildings. There have been a number of changes in the personnel of Lyallpur District during the past three years. Miss E. E. Moyer was transferred to Jhelum in 1929, Miss M. J. Fehlman taking her place. Miss Murdoch went on furlough in 1930, Miss Shereda taking her work.

EVANGELISTIC

Recently Lyallpur Presbytery authorized a thorough sur­ vey and regrouping of the villages comprising the different evangelistic circles of Lyallpur District with a view to their speedy organization as self-supporting congregations. A new congregation, Malikanwala, was organized during the last year. Year by year the enthusiasm for elders’ training has been grow­ ing among the young men of the district and each meeting of Presbytery sees an increasingly large number who come to take the examination in the elders’ course. At present four young men from Lyallpur District are in the Seminary preparing to become self-support pastors. The process of examining members of the Christian com­ munity and giving certificates of standing to those who exhibit a saving faith in Christ has been carried on all over the district. The opportunity is given to those who have secured certificates to make a public profession of their faith and unite formally with the church. The organizing of Sabbath Schools through­ out the district has been emphasized with the gratifying result that ten new schools have been started. Some such provision 118 India— Lyallpur

for the religious instruction of the young is necessary to take the place of the regular instruction which was formerly given in the Mission village schools. The District Board schools have supplanted Mission schools in Lyallpur District to such an extent that there is now only one Mission school remaining. Itinerating among the villages with full camp equipment has gone on every winter. The portable electric generator and stereopticon were used to attract people and as a means of pre­ senting the way of salvation,—this in addition to the regular preaching. Large crowds of village people, both Christians and non-Christians, attended the meetings night after night with the result that the spiritual life of the Christians was quickened and many of the non-Christians were led to the point of earnest inquiry and anxiety concerning their souls’ welfare. The period under review might be generally characterized as one in which a strenuous effort was made to combat, with limited funds from America, the greatly augmented efforts of the Roman Catholics with their apparently unlimited resources. During the past year alone they have seduced, by fair means and foul, some hundred families to their fold. These have been partially compensated for by the twenty-five or thirty families of Roman Catholics who became members of the American Mission community. The great bait used by the Roman Cath­ olics to wrin these converts is the promise of land to those who will join their Church. From Government officials it has been ascertained that there is not the remotest possibility of the Roman Catholic authorities securing land in Lyallpur District to distribute to these people, and there has been no authentic instance of their giving land to any person yet, although they • have made this promise for years. In spite of these facts the poor ignorant people, who have always been serfs and are land hungry, continue to be duped by their promises.

Women’s Work has been maintained side by side with that for the men. In a typical year 302 visits were made to 118 vil­ lages and 518 village meetings were held. In Lyallpur city God’s message of love and salvation has been proclaimed in 157 different homes and regular visits have been made in sixty homes where the women are specially interested. Pictures of Jesus are found more often on the walls of non-Christian homes and we have many proofs that these are not hung ignorantly nor thoughtlessly but because Jesus Christ has a place in the hearts of the people.

EDUCATIONAL There is now only one primary school for boys in the dis­ trict. There are five schools for girls, but only one of these has India— Mar tin pur 119

been running for more than a year. Carrying on these schools is often discouraging work, for the parents do not send the girls regularly and it is not possible to get satisfactory teachers. Girls’ Primary School, Lyallpur City: This school has a staff of four faithful Christian teachers. The highest enrollment in any month was 110. In 1928 the English classes were discon­ tinued, although they were very popular, in order to reduce expenses. Most of the children come from non-Christian homes. The headmistress, whose previous experience has been in schools for Christian girls only, has been impressed with the interest these girls from non-Christian homes take in the daily Bible lessons. She says that Christian girls could not have entered more eagerly into the preparation of the Christmas program.

MARTINPUR (1918)

Situated about fifty miles directly west of Lahore. Area: about 150 square miles. A rural population of approximately 65,000, of which 50% are Mohammedans, 40% Sikhs and Hindus, and the remainder Chris­ tians, low castes and others. Languages: Punjabi and Urdu. Missionaries: No resident missionary, but supervised by the Sangla Hill missionaries. Equipment: Nelson Pratt Memorial Boys’ Middle School, headmaster’s residence, four teachers’ residences; Mary D. Taylor Memorial Girls' School; rest house for missionaries.

EDUCATIONAL

Mary D. Taylor Memorial Girls’ School’. Though progress is slow, there is much to encourage us in the work of the Girls’ School. Less than ten years ago it was considered impossible for an unmarried girl to live in her father’s house and teach in her home village, but at present there are three girls of this village teaching in the school, having finished -training in the Normal School in Sialkot. The work of the school has greatly improved in quality and interest since these teachers studied there. Entertainments have been given to which patents have been invited, thus stimulating their interest in the school. Due to lack of regular supervision there is a slackness in the matter of regular and prompt attendance; an effort is made to improve this by offering prizes at certain times during the year. A plan for taking boys into the first and second classes could not be carried out because of lack of money. A yearly 120 India— Pasrur

threat is made by the District Board to.discontinue the grant-in- aid and no grant is received until the end of the year, thereby making plans for further development impossible.

EVANGELISTIC

Women’s Work: A Bible woman, trained at the Training School for Bible W omen at Muttra, has been secured and car­ ries on her work faithfully and zealously. She visits the homes regularly, teaching the ignorant and preparing candidates for admission to the church. She also devotes herself to the W o­ men’s Missionary and the Young Women’s Missionary So­ cieties, and helps to interest many women in the work of the church. Twice a month she walks to nearby villages, usually taking with her one or two of the leading Christian women of Martin- pur, where they visit many non-Christian homes, giving the gospel message. The women of these homes are eager to have them return. The teachers of the Girls’ School carry on a Junior Society.

PASRUR (1884)

Headquarters of Pasrur tehsil, about fifty miles northeast of Lahore. Area: about 400 square miles. Population: approximately 190,000, of which 90% is rural. Missionaries'. Rev. and Mrs. J. G. Campbell, Misses R. A. Ardrey, Betsy Fleming, Mary Kyle, H. V. Weede, Maria White, M. D., Dora B. W hitely. Equipment-. Three missionary residences; Girls’ Boarding School; White Memorial Hospital; church; reading room; boys’ primary school; fourteen village schools; twelve parsonages; four houses for teachers. EVANGELISTIC

The last three years have been years of growth in church organization and self-supporting congregations. Four men have graduated from Seminary and have been settled as pastors. While in Seminary we try to have the candidate spend his va­ cations in the field in which he is to become a pastor in order that his people may come to know him. Two of these new pastors were high caste men. One went as a replacement where an older pastor had left; three are in new congregations. This not only relieves the Mission budget of the expense of super­ vision, but better work is often done than when the worker is paid by the Mission. An old over-sized congregation and a India— Pasrur 12.1

Mission circle have been divided into three pastorates but no pastors are as yet available. Another field which has been served by a salaried Mission worker is soon to have a self-sup­ port pastor. Our rural, pastors in the last three years have made new places for themselves in all the councils of the Church. The opening of a Government Intermediate College in Pasrur creates a great opportunity for a high class reading room and gospel center in order to reach the students and the edu­ cated community. No small part of one’s duties in itineration is the hearing and attempting to settle the differences which arise between Christians and non-Christians as well as between the Chris­ tians themselves. This is the most difficult and wearing of all our tasks, but is unavoidable if our claim of love and identifica­ tion with the needs of India mean anything at all. Often fine friendships are made with the non-Christians when they realize that we desire to make peace and to be fair to all parties. This lesson is needed for the new Church also, which is prone to demand the help of its friends whether the cause be right or wrong. When the wages for the labor of a year are concerned, wrong often seems right to the poor, ignorant, Christian la­ borer. The visit of Dr. Butterworth has greatly stimulated Mis­ sion interest in rural uplift work. Serving along with the county and township officials in an organization called the Community Council one feels that the right spirit and motive is generally lacking. The temptation seems to be to do as little as possible and get as much credit as possible. How little America realizes her heritage of charitable giving for the wel­ fare of the neighborhood! One appreciates this when trying to get the work done without this spirit of charity. The greatest task here is to get men into living touch with Jesus, the great renovator of lives, and all the rest will come. I can take you to village after village where the Christians have rebuilt their well and made it sanitary, and given up their old unsanitary foods, but it is far more to the point, from a missionary standpoint, to be able to recount the superstition, darkness and fear that have melted before the health-giving rays of the Sun of Right­ eousness with healing in His wings. This is foundational to all real village uplift.

Women's Work: Though the change from year to year is small, yet over a period of ten years the advancement is real and considerable. A plan has been begun of giving a printed certificate to each person who recites not fewer than ten stories out of a twelve-story Bible course. Usually in villages where 122 India— Pasrur

these certificates adorn the mud walls there is little difficulty in getting the collection for the village pastor. In 1930 eight hundred people received certificates.

EDUCATIONAL

The whole purpose of boys’ education is changing. White collar jobs are much less numerous than applicants. Vocational and industrial training are being developed rapidly by the government; boys are learning that work with the hands is not dishonorable to any man, though he may be able to read and write. With our primary teachers being trained in Moga we are challenged by a wider vision and a nobler ideal. At the beginning of this triennium, owing to the reduction of income, we were compelled to close four schools. With the further cut now proposed three more must be closed. Seventeen out of twenty-two Christian teachers are trained. There are girls’ schools at Bubak and Kalaswala, with a total attendance of sixty. More than half are Mohammedans, the rest Christians. The wife of one of the self-support pastors voluntarily undertook to teach the little girls of her village to read.

Girls’ Boarding School: There are 165 Christian girls in the boarding department, and 90 day pupils. A staff of fourteen teachers and two missionaries are kept busy. In 1930 all of the seventeen girls of our highest class, the eighth, passed in the government examination. The school building has been improved by the addition of six new classrooms. In January, 1930, we made the experiment of taking over the first class from the Mission Boys’ School in the city. It was so successful that the Mission has approved of the policy of making this a co-educational institution through the fourth class, which completes the primary stage in education. Sixty boys are enrolled as day pupils, chiefly Mohammedans. We hope soon to give them vocational training. At present they are doing creditably in sewing, knitting and other handwork. The annual conference for Christian teachers in this sec­ tion of the Punjab was entertained in Pasrur in 1930. Seventy- two teachers were present and twenty-seven girls from the Mis­ sion Normal School in Sialkot. Training girls for real Christian home life and leading them to work for the Church of Christ in the Punjab is our greatest problem; it is the line along which we make progress most slowly. India—Pathankot 123

MEDICAL White Memorial Hospital: In spite of times of great physical weakness, Dr. White has continued faithfully at her post. She is ably assisted by Miss Lai Chand. The number of in-patients has reached 460 annually; out-of-door patients and return visi­ tors come as in former years. A large part of Dr. White’s time is spent in loving care for the girls of the Girls’ Boarding School. A Mohammedan woman desiring to confess Christ was sent to Gurdaspur where she was baptized. Others are under instruction with a view to baptism. There is a flourishing Junior Society which is a great joy to Dr. White’s heart.

PATHANKOT (1882)

Headquarters of Pathankot tehsil of the Gurdaspur Civil District, ninety miles northeast of Lahore. District: Pathankot tehsil and adjoin­ ing territory in Jammu State. Area: 847 square miles. Population: about 232,000, nearly all rural. About two thirds of the population are Hindus and Sikhs and one third Moslems. Less fhan one per cent are Christians. Languages: Hindi, Pahari, Punjabi and Urdu. Over 96 per cent are illiterate. Missionaries'. Rev. J. S. Barr, D. D. (retired in Am erica), Rev. and Mrs. J. H. Stewart, the Misses Mary J. Campbell (honorary missionary, president of the W. C. T. U. in India), Vida J. Graham, Eleanor W. Maconachie, E. Josephine Martin and Willa M. Ramsey. Equipment: Three residences, a church and parsonage, Elliott Dispens­ ary, John and Jane Denham Memorial High School, two village school houses. Rev. J. H. and Mrs. Stewart have had charge of the dis­ trict wTork under the Foreign Board for these three years. In 1928, Miss Dickson, Miss Trimble and two Bible women work­ ed among the women of Pathankot and district. Miss Dickson had to return to America in 1929 and Miss Trimble was trans­ ferred in the fall of 1929. Since that time there have been no district lady missionaries located in Pathankot. Miss E. W. Maconachie has charge of the Elliott Dispensary. Miss E. J. Martin has been principal of the John and Jane Denham Me­ morial iligh School for Girls, having associated with her Miss V. J. Graham and Miss W- M. Ramsey.

EVANGELISTIC The work in the Pathankot city congregation goes forward quietly and effectively. The congregation pays its full quota to presbyterial and synodical funds and has paid off the debt on the new parsonage. The pastor is faithful in teaching the Chris­ 124 India— Pathankot

tians who live down in the heart of the city. Many of them are employed as street cleaners and prefer to have their own ser­ vices in their own homes at a time more convenient to them than the regular church services. The reading room is well patronized these days, and some come daily to read the Bible and to talk about spiritual things. The site is well adapted for bazaar preaching; it is just off the main street where 200 people can gather in front of the reading room without obstructing traffic. In the work among the village people, the missionary goes to a favorable center and camps there until every village within reach has been given the gospel message. No other method of work seems to get as deeply into the hearts of the people as this plan of taking the camp to them and living among them. Others are reached through preaching and selling gospel portions at native fairs. The shepherding* of the Christians in the villages is a real problem. Many, baptized in childhood, have grown up as ad­ herents but have never became members of the church. They have no knowledge of the union that they should have with Christ. Aside from the Friday prayers of the Mohammedans, which only a few attend, the people of India are not used to regular weekly services and it is difficult to get them together for stated worship. Most of the village Christians are serfs, so under the power of their masters that it is hard for them to get away even on Sabbath. An effort is being made to get them to use their Sabbaths in witnessing to non-Christians. These are more apt to see fruits of Christ’s teaching in their neighbors’ lives than they are to read the Scriptures for themselves. There are a few flourishing self-support congregations; these are the seal of the fruitfulness that is promised if we are found faithful. W e used to note in all our reports that the poor hear the gospel gladly but we now hear from the evangelists that the Hindus and Mohammedans seem more hungry for the gospel than the lower caste folk. Of a truth God is no respecter of persons and the caste feeling is dying out rapidly, though not so fast as we would like. W e should all pray for wisdom to lead pure, selfless lives that these needy souls may really see Jesus in and through us. EDUCATIONAL John and Jane Denham ( Avalon) High School for Girls'. Established in 1901 by Miss Mary J. Campbell; advanced to the high school standard in 1913. Of its 82 graduates, 31 are teachers, 10 are taking training, 16 have either passed or are taking a medical course, 3 are in college, 18 are married, one is a Bible woman, 3 have died. India— Pa thank of 125

The past three years have wrought great changes. We now are supported by the W om en’s Board and have a new name. However, the purpose of the school, that of giving girls a good Anglo-vernacular education up to the matriculation standard and a training in what pertains to their spiritual, moral, social and physical development, still remains the same. At present our register shows 102 in the boarding department, wrhich is as many as we can well care for, since the dormitories are sup­ posed to house but 80. Day pupils bring the total attendance up to 142. Of the eleven Indian members of our staff, nearly all are Avalon graduates and all take a keen interest in the work of the school. Two special funds have provided a building containing two rooms which are used for the first three classes. They are under their own special schedule and at a distance from the other classes that might be disturbed by their games and songs. These rooms are light and airy and can be converted into one long room where we hold our monthly literary programs, little en­ tertainments, conferences and meetings. Great interest has been shown the past year in organized games and the girls have learned many lessons in cooperation and self control that will help them in the greater game of life.

The principal aim of the school is to win the hearts of the girls for Christ and to bring them to consecrate their lives to His service. This is emphasized in all our devotional meetings and in daily Bible classes; from time to time special meetings are held with this purpose in view. Each year twelve to fifteen girls have professed their faith in Christ and have united with the church. More and more Mohammedans and even Sikhs are asking to be received as boarders. Several of them are real Christians at heart and we hope they will openly take their stand for Christ as soon as they are legally old enough to decide for themselves.

MEDICAL

At the Elliott Dispensary, which is in charge of Miss Maconachie, there is a daily opportunity to relieve the suffering of large numbers of women and children and time to tell them of the sympathy and love of the Great Physician. All types of patients come. Recently, one woman was carried on a rope bed a distance of sixteen miles. She had been under the care of an ignorant native doctor for two months and was in a pitiable condition. Not long ago, one came from a distant village ask­ ing to have an evil spirit expelled. Many are treated for malaria, especially in September and October. Although a new law is 126 India— Rawalpindi

in force forbidding- child marriage, recently a bride of about five was a patient. Women from every caste come for treatment and listen attentively to the teaching of the word.

RAWALPINDI (1856)

(Transferred from the American Presbyterian Mission in 1892)

Headquarters of Rawalpindi Civil District, 170 miles northwest of Lahore. District: Rawalpindi, Murree and Gujar Khan tehsils of Rawalpindi District. Area: about 1,512 square miles. Population: 472,000, three fourths rural. About 82% Moslems, 16% Hindus and Sikhs, and 1^% Christians. Most of the non-Moslems live in Rawal­ pindi city. The Christians include the British garrison and civilians. Languages: Western Punjabi, Urdu and Pushtu. Ninety-three per cent are illiterate. Missionaries: Rev. W. T. Anderson, D. D., and Mrs. Anderson, Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Cummings, Prof. and Mrs. W. J. Downs, Rev. and Mrs. J. C. Heinrich, Rev. E. L. Porter, D. D., and Mrs. Porter, Prof. R. R. Stewart, Ph. D., and Mrs. Stewart, the Misses Zarra S. Hoon, Olive R. Laing, Mary A. Lawrence, Mary E. Logan, and Jean B. Morrison. Short Term Teacher-. Mr. J. R. Graham. Equipment : Gordon College, main building, science hall and hostel ac­ commodation for 110 boys, residences for four professors; four other residences, Mission High School, dormitory and residence for the head­ master; two churches with parsonages, and two reading rooms. Rawalpindi is the largest city in our Indian field and is the largest military center in India. It is the headquarters of the Northern Army which guards the Afghan frontier. It has a population of over 100,(XX). Practically all the kerosene oil and gasoline used in the Punjab is refined here. It is the chief trad­ ing center with Kashmir. There is an arsenal in the fort and there are large railway workshops.

EVANGELISTIC The Church : The program for developing and educating the church throughout the Presbytery has led to the establishment of a church at Kohat, which is practically self-supporting and may become a large factor in the evangelization of one of the most difficult fields in India. A church building costing Rs. 6,200 has been erected on a site donated by the Government. The church is free of debt. Almost all the money was raised on the field ; no grant was made by the Mission. The church at Abbottabad, which is now self-supporting and owns a Rs. 10,000 plant, was also a project of Rawalpindi Presbytery. The Abbottabad church building, begun in 1925, India— R awalpindi 12 7

was the first project undertaken with the help of Synod’s New World Movement building fund. Rawalpindi Presbytery has since that time completed three church buildings and two par­ sonages, in Rawalpindi Cantonment, Abbottabad and Kohat, at an approximate value of Rs. 30,000. Plans have also been ap­ proved for a building at Campbellpur; about Rs. 7,000 are avail­ able for this project. Realizing the need of coordinating the evangelistic policy in the trans-Jhelum work, Presbytery organized the annual con­ ference held in Abbottabad under the direct control of the church groups in the field. Three other mission groups working in the neighboring fields now cooperate in this work. District W ork: Through the winter season the camp is taken out and work in the villages has been carried forward by Dr. Anderson, Miss Lawrence and Miss Logan. Though there has not been a large number of converts from this district, the work is encouraging; the missionaries are welcomed and allowed to preach the gospel freely. Many gospel portions are sold both to men and women. The majority of the people north of the Jhelum are Mo­ hammedans but many Hindu and Sikh homes are also found. In one of these a gospel portion was bought for a daughter who had attended the Government High School in the city, of which Mrs. Ponsonby, a Christian, is in charge. Though no Christian instruction may be given in the high school, the influence of this woman is so great that it has been said a large number of the girls who have been in her school for a time are really Christians at heart. Never have these Mohammedan, Hindu and Sikh people seemed so approachable and receptive as in these days of rest­ lessness and disaffection toward the white man; never have they seemed so discerning of the real message and appreciative of its spiritual value. There are probably hundreds in this trans- Jhelum section to whom the Lord himself is saying “ Thou art not far from the Kingdom of God.” Women’s Work: Throughout the year work among the wo­ men of the city is maintained by Miss Hoon, with Mrs. Samuel and two other Bible women, and in the Cantonment by Miss Morrison and one Bible woman. This work reaches women of high caste and good families, who are bound to a great extent by the “ pardah” system and rarely have interests outside their homes. The response to teaching is often very encouraging; many women who have been receiving instruction for several years seem really to be Christians. They ask for prayer; they acknowledge that the Christian way is the right way, but there has as yet been no open confession of Christ. 128 India— Rawalpindi

In Lai Kurti, a military bazaar, there are hundreds of low caste people who have been baptized though many seem in­ different to their profession. Recently there has been a revived spirit among them, shown in the increased attendance and con­ tributions in the regular Sabbath School, and in the number of gospel portions sold during the evangelistic campaign week. Last year regular work was organized and continued in Murree, a hill station forty miles from Rawalpindi. There is a Sabbath School and a W omen’s Missionary Society; a club has been started to reach the educated non-Christian women.

City Evangelistic W ork: The church has continued its usual winter program of evangelism, culminating in the week of daily bazaar preaching and gospel-selling in March. The wrhole effort strives to impress upon the local churches their responsibility for the evangelization of the city. This work has been main­ tained for fourteen years and has been adopted, by a number of other churches in the Punjab and other provinces. This one week of gospel-selling and witness by the churches of the Pun­ jab and North W est Frontier Province takes almost half the ciroulation of the Lahore office of the British and Foreign Bible Society. EDUCATIONAL

Gordon College : Established in 1893 ; Dr. E. E. Fife, founder; raised to the B. A. standard in 1902 and to the B. Sc. standard in 1927; affiliated with the Punjab University; four college trained men in the ministry. Missionary personnel, four. Pres­ ent budget (including missionary salaries), Rs. 100,000, 27 per cent of which is from America. Maximum enrollment, 471. Gordon College has been growing steadily in numbers and influence in the community. W e cannot keep up with the de­ mands made upon us. In 1910 the maximum attendance was 77, in 1920 it was 165 and in 1930 it was 471. There are 92 in''the senior class preparing for the B. A. and B. Sc. examinations of the Punjab University. The first B. Sc. class graduated in 1929, twenty-five years after the first class was sent up for the B. A. examination. At present only B. Sc. botanj^ and chemistry are being taught but permission has been obtained to teach physics from 1931. For the first time a member of our Indian staff, a Moslem convert, Prof. M. A. Q. Daskavie, has gone to America for advanced study in the Biblical Seminary in New York. Besides Prof. Daskavie, three other Christian teachers have been added to the staff and it is now probable that as non-Christian profes­ sors retire we will be able to replace most of them by Christians. India— Rawalpindi 129

The Science Hall has been completed from funds obtained from the sale of a plot of land near the church; the Biology De­ partment for the first time has room to expand, and the library is now adequately housed. The college has enough class rooms for the present attendance but many students have been turned away because we lack room in the dormitory; the chapel hardly holds the students so that it is not possible to invite guests for college functions. We like to keep in touch with old students and parents by inviting them to college affairs but this cannot be done until we have a new chapel. Our space for games is also inadequate. It has been fortunate for the college that our numbers have been increasing for this has enabled it to keep going financially. The Mission has not been able to increase its budget for years. This cannot keep on indefinitely, however, and further increase of numbers will decrease our efficiency. Excluding the salaries of four missionaries, the college costs the Church only about $3,500 a year. The number of Christian students remains at about 35, as practically all are dependent on the help of the scholarship fund. Nearly all of them are from the depressed classes and the only hope of developing an independent church is to help as many as possible to get as good an education as they are capable of receiving. The Christian sttidents help in bazaar preaching and the religious work of the Leper Asylum and in the poorer quar­ ters of the city. The non-Christian students show much more interest than ever before; one Sikh publicly professed his faith in Christ after Dr. Jones’ meetings. A number have confessed privately but family solidarity and social pressure are still so strong that support from his home ceases as soon as a student professes his faith. One student was recalled home when his father learned of his intention to become a Christian; he has not been allowed to return to college. The missionary staff has not been changed for a number of years. Dr. Porter has served as Principal for a little more than twenty 3^ears. Dr. Stewart has been in charge of the Bi­ ology Department for nearly as long. Prof. Downs is in charge of the Science and Prof. Cummings has been teaching in the English Department. While on furlough Prof. Cummings stud­ ied in the Biblical Seminary and New York University. We regret the loss of Prof. F. G. Dickason, short term professor of English from 1926 to 1929. He would gladly have returned to Gordon College after his furlough but as we had no funds for expansion he went to Judson College, Burma. His place has been worthily filled by Mr. J. R. Graham, of Hamlet, North Carolina. 130 India—Rawalpindi

Boys’ High School: When Mr. C. A. Stewart went on fur­ lough the management of the high school was assigned to Mr. J. C. Heinrich, who reports progress not only in numbers but in scholarship as well. In the last entrance examination 60 per cent of the boys passed. Stress has been laid on Boy Scout work. A regular Scout Master is now employed and the attitude of the boys has greatly improved. Mr. Lai as headmaster has done excellent work and has succeeded in rousing the interest of parents in the school. A parents’ day, with a fellowship program was successfully held. Mr. Lai is now teaching in Gordon College; his place in the high school has been filled by Mr. Fazl Illahi, who was head­ master of the Jhelum High School until last year. As Mr. Hein­ rich leaves for furlough, the managership of the high school is assigned to Mr. W. J. Downs of the college. The city branch school has been closed owing to the cut in appropriation.

Girls’ Middle School: When Miss J. L. White left the school in 1928, Miss Laing took charge. There are 214 girls on the roll; the average attendance is 185. Of this number 18 are Christians, 14 Sikhs, 44 Hindus and 138 Mohammedans. Besides the Kindergarten Department, there are eight grades. English is taught one period each day throughout the school. A large majority of girls are in the Primary Department, but the num­ ber in the Middle Department is increasing. Three girls finished eighth grade last year and eleven finish­ ed fifth; they have received certificates from the Government Educational Department. The staff consists of eight Christian teachers,7 all of whom are trained. % Besides Rs. 3,000 received from the Mission budget, the school receives a grant from the Government but even with this it is difficult to find enough money to carry on the work of the school satisfactorily. The grant was raised slightly during the past year. Regular temperance instruction is given twice a month and besides the daily Bible lessons, hymns are taught for liter­ ary society programs; in this way the gospel is being carried to many homes throughout the city.

THE LEPER ASYLUM

Leper asylums are no longer the hopeless places they were before modern treatments were developed. In former days all one could hope to do was to make life a little easier for the pa­ tients while they waited to die. Of late years earlier cases are India—Sangla Hill 131 coming for treatment as it becomes known that prompt, regular treatment works wonders. One can do little with the wander­ ing lepers that beg from place to place, only staying in asylums for short periods; but those who will stay for several years and take regular inoculations improve wonderfully. There are also many cases that are either “burnt out” or too far advanced to justify treatment, but in 1930 Dr. McAuley, the Indian Chris­ tian doctor in charge, treated eighty-six cases. Of these seven­ teen left within two months ; eleven have not been under treat­ ment long enough to warrant any report; fifty-eight have been under treatment throughout the year, of whom sixteen are now symptom-free and seven have been discharged. Thirty-eight have improved; two have died; one has become worse; while three have shown no improvement. In addition to the injections of hydnocarpus oil with four per cent creosote, the patients arc given special diet and are en­ couraged to take regular exercise. Many of them keep goats, ducks and chickens and raise vegetables. The expenses of the asylum are borne by the Punjab Gov­ ernment with a small grant from the Leper Mission. The insti­ tution was under the care of Mr. C. A. Stewart until he went on furlough in 1929; since that time Rev. J. C. Heinrich has been manager. Dr. R. R. Stewart has taken charge of the Sab­ bath School maintained with the help of the college students. The Christian lepers are very regular and appreciate the ser­ vices greatly. Sabbath afternoons Mr. C. A. Stewart held a service for the Christians; this is now carried on by Mr. Sam­ son, a student from the college.

SANGLA HILL (1901)

About fifty-eight miles northwest of Lahore at the junction of the Shahdra-Sangla Hill with, the Wazirabad-Khanewal Railway lines. District: part of the Lyallpur tehsil of Lyallpur Civil District. Area: 800 square miles. Population: 220,000. About 62% are M oslems, 17% Hindus, 16% Sikhs, and slightly over 4% Christians. Languages: Pun­ jabi and Urdu. About 96% are illiterate. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. S. C. Picken, the Misses Kathryn Beattie, R. Jean Black, Georgia Wengert and Gertrude Zink. Equipment: Three residences, Girls’ Boarding School, six village school buildings, with several buildings and residences for the workers.

EVANGELISTIC There are now four organized congregations in the dis­ trict, each of which has a settled pastor. The constant moving about of the Christians in this section of the country presents 132 India— Sangla Hill

a serious problem for organized church work. One pastor re­ ports that nearly one third of his people have moved away and that others have come to take their places. One congregation has built a new parsonage and prepared an outdoor place of worship. In the newly organized congregation the work is mak­ ing good progress and the people are loyally supporting their pastor and the work of the Synod. In the unorganized part of the work there are seven circles. These are ministered to by salaried evangelists who teach a prescribed course of Bible stories. In many places we find the people well taught and ready to listen to our message. Often they show a real spirit of worship during the service. In other places the whole Christian community is woefully ignorant of spiritual things. All those who present their children for bap­ tism are required to know the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord’s Prayer and two Bible stories, besides knowing the general plan of salvation in Christ. This requirement has helped the people to know something of what it means to be a Chris­ tian. Among non-Christians we have had increasingly good hearings in spite of the political unrest.

EDUCATIONAL Village Schools: The Mission has nine village schools in the district with an enrollment of 540. Of the twelve teachers, seven are trained and onfy two are non-Christians. The number of Christian boys in regular attendance has increased consider­ ably. W e now have 254 Christian boys in our village primary schools. The Government is beginning to urge parents to send their children to school and compulsory attendance seems not far off in this canal region. Government inspectors have given a good report of our schools and have invited our teachers to group conferences for discussion of educational problems. There is a steady advance in all school work.

Girls’ Boarding School: During part of this triennium, the boarding* school has been filled to overflowing and some girls had to be turned away. For a time we had an enrollment of 175, the largest in the history of the school. Parents are awakening to the fact that girls can learn. The last year, however, money has been so scarce that some have found it impossible to pay the small yearly fee and our numbers have decreased. Some girls are helping earn their own fees by doing hand work. Tw o sisters are earning theirs by caning school chairs. W e have lately introduced bookbinding; perhaps some will be able to help themselves in this way. India— Sargodha 133

The academic work of the school has been up to standard; girls who took the Government vernacular examinations have passed creditably. In 1928 one of our girls ranked highest in the Punjab. The interest in Bible reading has been keen this last year. We discovered that by reading four chapters a day and five on Sabbath one could read the Bible through during the school year. Nineteen girls and a number of the teachers read the en­ tire Bible during these months,— most of them for the first time. They were greatly blessed and many have begun to read it through again. The work of the Sabbath School, Christian En­ deavor and Missionary Societies is maintained with enthusiasm. Our school is far removed from any hospital, but with the services of a graduate Indian nurse, we have been able to care for the health of the girls.

SARGODHA

(1895 at Bhera, headquarters moved to Sargodha, 1905)

About 110 miles northwest of Lahore in Shahpur and Jhang Civil Districts. Area: 6,530 square miles. Population: 865,000; about 83% Moslems, 16% Hindus and Sikhs, and nearly 1% Christians. Languages: Punjabi and Urdu; 96% are illiterate.

Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. J. A. McArthur, Rev. and Mrs. G. J. Murdoch, the Misses Frances Brown, Laurella Dickson, Kate Hill, Laura Reynolds, Kate E. Spencer, in Bhera, Miss E. M. Stauffer; Edna Ward.

Equipment: Three residences; hospital building and residence; Girls’ Boarding School; reading-room; church. In Bhera one residence; a dispensary with wards for in-patients and residence for staff; one read­ ing room; two parsonages; two school houses; ten mud brick buildings; four workers’ houses; Bhalwal Rest House.

The district missionaries of both North and South Sar­ godha have their headquarters in Sargodha City; they can travel in opposite directions for more than fifty miles before reaching the limits of their territory. A railway runs the whole length of the district and two branch lines have been built, mak­ ing the headquarters easily accessible to missionaries, workers, inquirers and Christians. For a time Mr. Murdoch had charge of both North and South Sargodha Districts. Since returning from furlough Mr. McArthur has supervised a great deal of building work which 134 India— Sargodha has interferred more or less with regular district work. When Mr. Murdoch goes on furlough Mr. McArthur will be the only- foreign member of Sargodha Presbytery. During the camping season of 1929 there were two ladies in each of the districts, but during most of the time Miss Hill has had charge of the women’s work of North Sargodha alone.

SARGODHA NORTH

EVANGELISTIC

Sargodha City: The chief event of this triennium has been the erection of the new church. Synod granted Rs. 5,000—but most of the funds came as free-will offerings. The new church adds much to the comfort of the congregation. It stands a short distance from one of the main roads and is a constant witness to all who pass that way. Once a month a meeting has been held in the church for non-Christian men of the city. There have been various speak­ ers, sometimes a missionary and sometimes an Indian. At al­ most every meeting the church has been well filled with non- Christian men who listen with respect and interest to the gospel and to a direct appeal of the claims of Christ. In November 1929, plans were made to visit every home in Sargodha during the winter months; about fifty men and women volunteered for this work. They went out two by two, giving the gospel message which was well received in many homes where it had never been heard before. The women of the congregation led in this work, showing keen interest in wit­ nessing for Christ. A new Bible woman began work in the city in January 1928 and has won her way into many homes. She reports nine women under regular instruction and one hundred homes visit­ ed, and one hundred and thirty-four gospel portions sold during the first year. Because a number of village schools were closed, the serv­ ices of the school inspector were not required, so the former inspector was transferred to Bhera for evangelistic work in con­ nection with the reading room. Another addition to the district forces has been made in the transfer of Padri Barkat Masih from Jhelum to Malakwal. There is a fairly large Christian community in this important railway junction and the new pastor is doing good work both among Christians and non- Christians. India— Sargodha 135

There has been much to encourage us in the non-Christian work of the district, especially among the Mohammedans. One family of Mohammedans has been baptized and another from the Massalis. Tw o other families are desiring baptism. Increas­ ing numbers are almost persuaded. A great hindrance lies in the fact that the Church is not ready to receive them gladly into fellowship. (This is due largely to caste prejudice.) Great untouched fields extend almost from Sargodha to the Jhelum River and await our coming to them with the good news of a risen Christ. Women’s IVork : W e are greatly encouraged by the number of Christian women in the villages who are able to pray. Some of their prayers arc eloquent in their simple expression of faith and an intimate dependence on one whom they know and trust. Only the presence of the Spirit of God can account for these prayers, for the women have so very little opportunity to learn. Another sign of growth is the increased spirit of giving. Last year Sargodha Presbytery stood first in the proportion of con­ tributions paid to Synod’s budget. The flood in the Jhelum River Valley caused great loss in many villages and left behind a very severe form of malaria from which the whole district has suffered. The health officers gave us 2,500 tablets of quinine for free distribution during the camping season.

EDUCATIONAL

Schools: There are only three Mission primary schools in the district. The attendance of Christian boys has increased both in the Mission school and in the Government schools of the district. A new village school for girls was opened in Chak 80 in April 1930. Twenty-nine girls have been enrolled with an aver­ age attendance of twenty-three. The teachers are two girls of the sixth and seventh grades who attended our boarding school but are now at home. In April 1930 the ladies took charge of the school in the Christian quarter of Sargodha. The larger boys were sent to the Government school in the city and the new teacher has tried to make the school more attractive and suitable for little children, both boys and girls. He has also opened a night school for the young men who work during the day, thus rendering a real service to the whole community.

Girls’ Boarding School: Our enrollment during the last three years reached the high mark of 120—ninety-five boarders and twenty-five day pupils. However quite a number of our third 136 India— Sargodha

and fourth class girls were transferred to Sialkot Girls’ Board­ ing School for English and now we have only eighty-one in the boarding school and twelve day pupils. The staff has been strengthened by the addition of an experienced teacher from Pasrur Girls’ Boarding School and the class work shows mark­ ed improvement. W e are much hampered by lack of classrooms. Classes sit here and there in the school yard, in cottages and on verandahs. Part of the money for a school auditorium and a block of classrooms is in hand and we hope we may soon have a new building. There has been a great deal of sickness during this period and wre have often appreciated the services of the staff of the Reed Memorial Hospital. During her stay in the school, Miss Reynolds organized a group of Girl Guides; the girls have been very much interested in the work. They have been very enthusiastic over the build­ ing of the new church and have helped the project in every pos­ sible way. The price of one serving of meat is given voluntarily for Home Missions each month. The work of the Sabbath School and Missionary Society is also well supported. W e have had very profitable meetings on Sabbath evenings where different groups of girls presented a program which the teachers had helped them prepare. Good scenes were shown from Pilgrim’s Progress and familiar Bible stories, memory work was recited and of course there was lots of singing. These programs help wonderfully in teaching the girls to love and reverence the Sabbath day.

MEDICAL

Mary B. Reid Memorial Hospital, at Sargodha, was opened in 1907 under Dr. M. M. Brown, as a general hospital and taken over as a women’s hospital in 1914. Miss M. Frances Lincoln, R. N., was in charge in 1928 and 1929. When she was trans­ ferred, Miss Kate A. Hill had charge till Miss Dickson came in the fall of 1930. The hospital continues to grow in popularity; it serves a large community and the girls’ boarding school. In 1929 the hospital received a grant of Rs. 2,500 from the Government, which, with fees and land rent, made possible the building of a wide verendah on two sides of the hospital, greatly adding to the comfort and convenience of patients and nurses. In 1930 there were 267 in-patients and 6,033 other patients; in all 29,840 treatments were given. Many of these patients come from the best families in the city and district. They appreciate the treat­ India— Sargodha 137 ment they receive and go away feeling they have found new friends. They often advise their friends to come to this hospital. The Bible woman is especially careful to give the full gospel message to those who come for the first time. Members of the staff are often called to homes many miles away and thus have the opportunity of carrying the gospel into new communities. Bhera Hospital and Dispensary: The hospital work has been hindered during these three years by difficulties in securing a doctor after the former one left for health reasons. In 1929, under the supervision of Miss Hill, a new wTard was built as a memorial to Miss Mary Morgan who began the medical work here about forty years ago. In November, 1929, Miss Stauffer took charge of the dispensary and hospital. At first she found it difficult to get the people interested in the gospel, for Bhera is a notoriously bigoted city, but in 1930 she reports that they have found many willing hearers, and many gospel portions are sold. She is never an unwelcome caller.

Malakwal Dispensary: The dispensary at Malakwal is still being carried on with Dr. J. James in charge. His salary is pro­ vided by funds received from the late Mr. Reynolds. The Mis­ sion pays for house rent and medicines. A plot of land has been bought adjoining the railway quarters; it is hoped to build a dispensary and a residence for the doctor when funds are se­ cured. Dr. James commands the respect and confidence of the community and is doing good work.

SARGODHA SOUTH

As the missionaries both for North and South Sargodha live in Sargodha City, and as there has been a good deal of over­ lapping due to the fact that there has not always been, a sep­ arate missionary staff, no separate list of missionaries is given for South Sargodha. Equipment: Six village parsonages; three school houses; three houses for teachers.

EVANGELISTIC During the past three years a continued effort has been made to advance the self-support work among village Chris­ tians. One self-supporting congregation has been organized, and is served by a minister for whom a call is now being pre­ pared. Tw o young men from the Seminary are doing self-sup­ port work, one in an organized congregation and the other in an unorganized center. The Presbytery is making preparations to have these men ordained in the near future. Though the eco­ 138 India— Sargodha

nomic condition of the Christian farmers has been very bad, they have made an effort to do their part in raising the share of the Synod’s budget assigned them by Presbytery. Because of crop failures and general depression, there has been a tend­ ency for some people to move from one section to another. To some degree this has injured the self-support work, and pastors have found it difficult to secure their living. The Christians live mostly in villages not more than twenty-five miles from Sargodha city, but the larger cities and villages up to a distance of fifty miles have been visited re­ peatedly in order to give the gospel message to the non-Chris­ tians. During the summer vacation, a student from the Semi­ nary worked in this section about forty-five miles from Sar­ godha. He visited forty-five villages, sold New Testaments, Bible portions and religious books, reporting a very profitable summer and many interesting experiences. Fairs held at points throughout the district have been visited for the purpose of preaching and selling books. Work among Women has been maintained by Miss Ward, Miss Reynolds and Miss Brown. In villages where Christians live, joint meetings are usually held for men and women, but the women are also examined to see how much they have learn­ ed from the resident Indian pastor or worker. Thank offerings are also collected during these visits. Homes of non-Christian women are visited and the message given to as many as come together. Curiosity to see the messengers, rather than to hear the message, often brings quite a crowd. The question is frequently asked, “ Do you see any differ­ ence in the people year by year?” to which Miss Wrard has re­ plied, “When I returned from America I was relocated in Sar­ godha and our first bit of winter’s work was an evangelistic trip among the non-Christians. About three years ago we made a similar trip where at one of the villages, called Ratta, we were literally chased out. This year, as we approached this strong­ hold of Mohammedanism and viewed the two mosques whose wrhite minarets rise above the mud built city, as though they were battlements of the place, we wondered what our recep­ tion would be. We entered, sold twenty-four Bible portions and one New Testament, were entertained in several houses, among which was that of the leading Mohammedan teacher, and were invited by many to return.”

EDUCATIONAL Mr. Murdoch reports: About one hundred and twenty boys have been attending the Government schools which are found every mile or two throughout the part of the district in which India— Sialkot 139 the Christians live. Giving- these boys proper Bible teaching and religious training is a heavy burden on the pastors, for there are few Sabbath Schools in the villages. A few years ago the Government seemed to be trying to crowd the Mission schools out of the district, but recently the Government Inspector of Schools has been more liberal in giving grant-in-aid and urges the Mission to continue the school work. There are only four Mission primary schools left in the district, due to the reduction of the Mission budget. The ladies report that an effort is constantly being made to encourage the education of the girls. In one village a woman is paid according to the number of pages or books she teaches the children, who must pass a satisfactory examination in the work done. Two village schools were formerly maintained for girls; one had to be closed on account of unsatisfactory work, the other because the teacher left to take training.

SIALKOT (1855)

Headquarters of Sialkot District; about eighty miles north of La­ hore. The district is made up of part of Sialkot tehsil and part of Jummu State. Area: 600 square miles. Sialkot City has a population of 64,869. Sialkot District has a population of 275,000. Hindus, 23% ; Sikhs, 8%; Mohammedans, 62%; Christians, 6%. Languages: Punjabi and Urdu. Nearly 96% are illiterate. Missionaries: Dr. and Mrs. M. M. Brown, Rev. and Mrs. Osborne Crowe, Rev. and Mrs. R. A. Foster, Rev. and Mrs. E. C. McConnelee, Rev. and Mrs. Kenneth MacKenzie; Misses Helen Artman, Agnes L. Ballantyne, M. Lois Boyd, Lois M. Buchanan, Marie E. Cash, M. Evelyn Cathcart, Henrietta Cowden, Reba C. Hunsberger, M. D., Flor­ ence Jones, M. Frances Lincoln, Elizabeth McCahon and Faith W. Reed, M. D. Equipment: One residence for district missionary; Christian Training Institute with residences for manager and headmaster and three dor­ mitories; Memorial Hospital; Elizabeth Gordon Home; Girls’ Boarding School with residences for superintendent and city missionary; Boys’ High School (leased to the Church of Scotland Mission in 1927); two churches; land for new Memorial Hospital. The city of Sialkot has a special place in the interest of all United Presbyterians as the birthplace of our Mission, as w?ell as being the home of the Mission in its Annual Meetings, and it is known throughout India among Christians as the home of the Sialkot Convention. Its largest Mission institution, the Christian Training Institute, is the alma mater of more than seventy-five per cent of our Indian leaders and is the Mecca of all when any church gathering is called. The towering Hima­ layas, while really miles distant, seem to almost overshadow the city as the snows cover the near ranges in winter. 140 India— Sialkot

Three special types of institutional mission work are found here. The Boys’ High School (Christian Training Institute), Girls' Boarding School and Normal Training School, and the Memorial Hospital which with its splendid new location and plant will be in a position to practically control the medical work among women in the whole district. Already the com­ munity worker for women, a Christian, is under the supervision of our Mission doctors while paid by the Government. No insti­ tution in the Mission has a higher record of conversions from among the higher castes than this hospital.

EVANGELISTIC

The opening of the new road into Kashmir has made Sial- kot still more desirable as a preaching and evangelistic center. Instead of corresponding expansion to meet these opportuni­ ties, lack of funds and men compelled the removal of our city missionary entirely. This is the second promising city mission recently closed in the face of unprecedented opportunity among the educated men in our cities. A library has been maintained as a center of activity in the city evangelistic work. The work in Sialkot city has been con­ tinued by the ladies in charge of the evangelistic efforts, visit­ ing the homes of non-Christians and also the homes of the women of the large Christian community. A bright spot in the city work is. the new life which has come to the city congregation. Under an energetic young pastor much progress has been made. Attendance from among the working people in the distant wards has grown steadily. Gifts have increased; a fund is well on the way for a parsonage. Best of all, several young elders have been ordained after passing the Presbytery’s three year course. The district work under Mr. MacKenzie has been carried on especially as a preaching mission. Marked attention has been given to intensive training of the pastors and workers along with the steady ministry of preaching by the missionary himself. The work of such great evangelists as Rev. Abdul Haqq of Saharanpur Seminary and Rev. S. M. Paul of Forman College, Lahore, has affected not only the city, as they hold special meet­ ings there, but this influence has radiated out into the whole district. This sort of gospel presentation has greatly increased the respect for our message throughout the whole of this region. These men have come more than once to Sialkot city and been heard with the greatest of respect in the town hall by huge audi- India—Sialkot 141

ences. This sort of thing permeates and undermines the whole fabric of the old beliefs and presages the time of another vastly greater mass movement in Northern India when the higher caste discover in Him the One Who is over all blessed forever.

EDUCATIONAL For some unexplained reason, the report for the triennium of the educational institutions of the Sialkot District has been omitted from the manuscript. It is known, however, that the Christian Training Institute has continued to prosper and has had creditable results in the scholastic training of the students and also in their moral and spiritual progress. The same is true of the Girls’ Boarding School at Sialkot and also of the village primary schools. The primary schools are a great preaching agency among the children, where there is regular Bible teaching and hundreds of boys of all faiths get quite a knowledge of the life of Christ and the plan of salvation in their most susceptible years.

MEDICAL

Activities at Memorial Hospital go on day after day, month after month, and year after year. Indeed one may say the work goes on night and day. Somehow patients are always sickest at night, and babies seem to be sure to choose the night time to come into the world—not seeming to know that the day will bring its duties and cares and service to the doctors and nurses. W ork in the dispensary is carried on every day in the week except Sabbath ; and very few" holidays are observed, although India has more than two hundred holidays in each year. W e observe Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year’s, usually. Great numbers of women come daily to the dispensary. From among these many patients are picked for the indoor depart­ ment. The doctors have been trying to do something toward the prevention of disease both in the dispensary and through our Health Center. Patients are required to observe health rules while they are in the hospital, and much along this line can be done among their relatives at this time. This also has a good effect on the nurses and other helpers in the hospital. Many refuse to be admitted to the hospital even though they realize their need of the treatment thé hospital is offering. A poor high caste Mohammedan girl was brought in to the hospital by her parents and husband and many friends. Gangrene had begun its work in her foot. The doctor quietly, but firmly, told them the foot must be amputated at once in 142 India— Sialkot

order to save the girl's life. After much parleying and loud talk, the head man among the relatives, not the husband or the father, sent in a peremptory order to the doctor to dismiss the patient at once so that they could take her home. The doctor after ask­ ing the husband his wishes gave the girl permission to go. After two weeks they brought her back and asked the doctor to save her life somehow. By this time the disease was so far de­ veloped that her whole limb had to be removed. She made a speedy recovery. During all the time of their stay in the hos­ pital she and her friends steadily refused to yield to any reli­ gious teaching. They are descendants of Mohammed, their prophet, so are very proud and superior.

However, on the other hand a little woman of this caste became a Christian last year, and is now teaching her three little children also. The father works in another town so he does not seem to care very much what his wife does. Indeed one day when he found her Bible, hidden away in a trunk, he said, “ I really believe these books too; just so you do not let the neighbors know.” (This man was brought up pn a mission compound and so has heard the word of God from childhood.)

One case of cholera was successfully treated in the hospital this year. Such cases are not usually admitted to the hospital but an effort is made to treat them in their homes. Typhoid fever cases have been plentiful. The nurses get excellent indi­ vidual training on these. The operating theater has been kept busy this year. A new operating table has given great joy to the doctors. Having the two doctors for part of the time has made it possible to take in more operative cases, as well as to broaden out on other lines. For a short time a second dispensary was opened in another part of town two miles away. The doctors have also had time to do more laboratory work, and to do more thorough work than was possible with only one doctor in charge of the large hos­ pital and the work in connection with it. The doctors look after the health of the school boys in Sialkot, and the girls in five boarding schools.

Recently a baby was brought in late at night. The man who brought it said he had found it in his carriage when he came out of a house to go home. We did not believe him but did not try to ferret out the real truth. The baby became a member of the children’s ward. It is a great joy to visit this ward. An average of eight babies have been fed all year. One boy was taken out by his grandparents, several have died, but new ones keep coming in. These usually have fathers but no India— Taxila Hospital 143.

living' mothers. Some are given to us, and some are only- brought for feeding. They all eat together— Brahmins, Moham­ medans, Christians, low caste and outcaste. The toys and cloth­ ing sent out for the babies last year were much appreciated.

The Nurses’ Training School under Miss Lincoln, R. N., is moving along'. The percentage of passes among those who went up for examinations has been good indeed. New girls are taken in each year to replace those going out. An effort has been made to give the girls an opportunity to do some evangelistic work by going to a nearby village to teach a Sabbath School class. They now have a Sabbath School among themselves on the hospital premises. The Bible has been taught faithfully both within and without the hospital. Great effort has been made to get into new homes touched by the hospital, and to visit old friends of the hospital.

The old quarters are getting more and more impossible. Everybody will be glad to get into the new buildings that will soon be erected.

May this be a prosperous 3rear for all— a year in which many shall be called “ out of darkness into God’s marvelous light.”

TAXILA HOSPITAL (1921)

Location: In Rawalpindi Mission District, about twenty miles north of Rawalpindi, near one of the most famous archaeological sites in India and at the crossroads of great borderland districts. Patients come from all classes of people in the Rawalpindi and Attock Districts, from Hazara and other portions of the northwest frontier and from native states across the Indian border, especially from Afghanistan.

First Doctor: Dr. J. G. Martin; budget (exclusive of missionary sal­ aries) Rs. 13,486, about 46% raised on the field.

Missionaries: Dr. and Mrs. J. G. Martin and Miss G. R. Porter, R. N.

Equipment: Taxila Hospital, consisting o f a dispensary building, men’s ward, one block of eight private wards, quarters for Indian staff, and three missionary residences.

The wisdom of the choice of this site for the hospital has been demonstrated in the last year of political unrest, when other mission hospitals located on the frontier have been very much hampered by tribal warfare, and those in the cities by the boycott of the wealthy. This has been our busiest year; India— Taxila Hospital

4,569 different persons were examined in the clinic, and 797 were admitted to the hospital.

Three years ago our total appropriation, exclusive of mis­ sionaries’ salaries, was Rs. 13,800; now it is Rs. 13,486. T o off­ set this, payments for hospital assistance rose from Rs. 3,944 in 1927 to Rs. 7,612 in 1930. W hen the added expenditure could not be met by increased fees, the Indian doctor was dispensed with, though this left much detail work in the hands of the mis­ sionary doctor. Finally, to still further relieve the financial stringency, Miss Ida Gailey, short term nurse, resigned in the spring of 1929.

A special feature of the period is the training of Indian boys as nurses. On our staff we now have five graduate nurses who have received their entire training at Taxila. One of these pass­ ed in the first division with honors in the examination given by the North India Board of Examiners, and is now in charge of the men’s ward. Another is receiving training as a laboratory technician. The care of patients in the wTard has improved and during the past year very favorable remarks have been made by non-Christian patients with regard to the nursing.

So far as buildings are concerned, there has been no in­ crease in our equipment. The thirty acre plot of the hospital compound has been enclosed by a fence. A water system was installed during the fall of 1929, for which the government gave us Rs. 1,500 and the local non-Christians raised Rs. 600. This system included heat for the operating room. In 1930 an electric plant was added, making electricity available in the operating room, clinic and men’s ward. Through a gift of $1,000 from Mrs. Knobloch, of Pittsburgh, we have procured an operating room light, a ventilating fan and many valuable electrical in­ struments. All these additions have been secured by means of fees and gifts from friends without any public appeal.

The Indian pastor, the Bible woman, and the nurses have been faithful in the evangelistic work. A combined magic lan­ tern and reflectoscope has been of great assistance this fall. One boy is being prepared for baptism, and there are many more who believe.

There is an urgent need for a ward for women, who num­ ber 40 per cent of the patients. At present eight beds have been put in a room of the clinic building for them. There is also an urgent need for a second physician, especially since Dr. Martin’s furlough is due in the spring of 1934. India— Z afarwal 145

ZAFARWAL (1880)

A rural district containing parts of Sialkot and Gurdaspur Civil Districts, about sixty-five miles northeast of Lahore. Area: 588 square miles. Population: about 275,000. Approxim ately 64% are M oslems, 34%> Hindus and Sikhs, and 2% Christians. Languages: Punjabi and Urdu. More than 98% are illiterate. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. J. C. Alter, Rev. and Mrs. E. E. Beattie, the Misses Nancy A. Hadley, J. E. Nesbitt. Equipment: Tw o residences for missionaries, a church, seven village school buildings, seven houses for evangelists, two parsonages.

EVANGELISTIC Zafarwal contains 130 villages in which there are from one to seventy-five Christian families, and some 1,500 villages in which there are no Christians. Poor roads, the lack of roads, and five unbridged rivers present difficulties in itineration. A newly opened railway makes some of the villages more acces­ sible, but the nearest station is eleven miles distant from Za­ farwal. Zafarwal has suffered much from changes in the missionary staff. Rev. E. E. Beattie went to America on furlough in March, 1929, and there was no one to take his place until the arrival of Rev. J. C. Alter late in 1930. There have been no women mis­ sionaries since Miss Hadley returned to America in 1929 and Miss Nesbitt in the spring of 1930. While there were no missionaries in Zafarwal the work has been superintended by Rev. E. V. Clements, of Badomali. He reports as follow s: “ This three-year period has seen the organized self-supporting congregations of Zafarwal District move forward from three to seven. Kanjrur, Fatowal, Gorala and Jarmian are the new members of this interesting family of congregations. Two of Zafarwal’s own sons, Mehr Din and Munshi Ram, completed their Seminary courscs and after being ordained were installed at Jarmian and Ainowali this past year. W e wonder if any district has made so much progress in so short a time. The many years of careful seed sowing and prep­ aration have at length borne fruit. Tw o pastors’ houses, built of brick, have been added in the last year, one at Fatowal and one at Jarmian.” Miss Nesbitt reports: “Our routine in camp includes an examination of the women and older girls in each of our vil­ lages on the Bible course for the year. While it is very dis­ couraging to find some who have not responded to teaching or who have not been taught, it is most heartening to see the in­ creased happiness and hope of the many who do make real 146 India—Kinnaird Training Center

progress and have learned something of the meaning of God's word.” EDUCATIONAL

The district has eleven primary schools, four of which have two teachers each. Six of the teachers are trained and two young men are taking training at Moga this year. The problem of the old untrained teacher who has been in the work fifteen or twenty years and is not really capable of carrying on under the present higher standards is a most difficult one. The faithful­ ness of the Oakmont, Pa., Sabbath School in continuing to send $25 per month for the support of these schools is a source of great encouragement and help.

KINNAIRD TRAINING CENTER, LAHORE

Christian missions still hold a leading place in directing the education of the girls of India. Fifty years ago schools for boys were largely under the control of missions, but today Government schools and private schools of all kinds have so multiplied that only a small percentage of the total is under Christian control and there are more teachers than there are places to teach. But this is not the case in education for girls. Christians still have a wonderful opportunity here to provide leadership. The demand for women teachers is much greater than the supply and most of the teachers in the government schools are Christians, having been trained in girls' boarding schools of the various missions. Women teachers are able to obtain much higher salaries than men because of this scarcity. For a number of years the Zenana Bible and Medical Mis­ sion (British) has maintained a class to train teachers for Mis­ sion and Government High Schools. With failing resources it became difficult for them to maintain this work, which benefit- ted all the missions of the Province. It would have been a calamity to close this training class and so at the 1930 meeting of the Punjab Christian Council representatives from different missions were appointed and the class became a cooperative effort under a Board of Directors. Our Women's Board has cooperated in preserving this class. There are thirty-one girls in training. This is too small a number for the needs of existing schools but the Kinnaird High School cannot now furnish ad­ ditional space. This is a field where the missionary societies have almost a monopoly and it would be good strategy to put more resources into the work, which is meeting a recognized need and where expansion is urgently wanted. India—Sarah Daugherty Bible Women’s Training School 147 Women’s Synodical Missionary Society

THE SARAH DAUGHERTY BIBLE WOMEN’S

TRAINING SCHOOL

This training- school, made possible by a gift in memory of the woman whose name it bears, is held each spring and all Bible women of the Mission and all the third and fourth year lady missionaries are asked to attend. It is a pleasure to see the keen joy the women take in this intensive study and in memor­ izing large portions of the Bible. Many of the older ones come year after year with their memory work completed. The Book of Revelation and a textbook based on First and Second Tim­ othy were studied. Great interest is taken in the two hours they spend daily in practical work in the city and in the “ report hour” afterwards. In 1928 the school met in Gujarkhan in Rawalpindi district as guests of the pastor’s family. A large number of women were influenced and about two hundred Bible portions were sold. The following year the school was held in Abbottabad in May when the ten days in the foothills made a pleasant change from the hot weather of the plains. The wives of the Gurkha soldiers who live in the barracks there furnished a new and interesting field for practical work. In March 1930 the Sargodha Hospital entertained the school; the classes were held in the new church. Surrounding villages were visited and the women left behind them many friends.

WOMEN’S SYNODICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY

There has been no meeting of the Synodical Missionary Society during the last three years but the Committee of Fifteen, composed of representatives of the presbyterial so­ cieties, has met. This is composed of busy women, teachers, doctors and Bible women, who gladly give their time for the work. At the last meeting of Synod, Miss Bashir ud Din pre­ sented a report of the women’s work. Synod showed its appre­ ciation of this report by a fine tribute, and also by electing a member of the Synodical Society to membership on the Home Mission Board. The thank offering supports Mianwali, one of Synod’s Home Mission stations, where a new church building has re­ cently been dedicated. More than fifty of the leading Hindu and Mohammedan men of the place attended the dedication service, showing their appreciation of Pastor Yusuf and his good work. 148 India— Woodstock School Kinnaird College for Women

Besides supporting three children in the Raj pur Blind School, contributions are made to the Home for Women in Gur- daspur, also to the British and Foreign Bible Society. Rs. 1,000 were contributed toward building the house for the head­ master in the Christian village of Martinpur.

WOODSTOCK SCHOOL A missionary once said, “ The only real hardship in foreign missionary sendee is all that is contained in the word ‘separa­ tion’.” Because of Woodstock School the necessity of sending children to the homeland for education can now be postponed until college days. It is difficult to describe the great relief and satisfaction this gives to missionary families. It makes for greater efficiency and longer terms of service for the parents, and gives the boys and girls a deeper insight into the life of India. Woodstock School, located in Landour, Mussoorie, at an elevation of 6,500 feet, represents missionary cooperation at its best. In the student body twenty-three Christian denomina­ tions are represented, besides three non-Christian faiths. The attendance has reached 320, of whom 245 are the children of missionaries. There are 233 American children, not all of whom come from missionary families. Most of these children live with their parents while they are in the Hills for their vacation, and then spend the rest of the school year in the dormitories. Upon our entry as a cooperating mission it was agreed that our share would be to furnish three teachers for the staff and contribute Rs. 75,000 toward the building needs of the institution. W e were not able to give anything for the equipment of the school until 1930 when Rs. 25,000 obtained from the sale of the Guj- ranwala High School were contributed toward the cost of a new classroom building. Last year the Parent-Teachers’ Asso­ ciation raised Rs. 10,000 to buy better equipment for the school. In 1930 Miss Marian Templeton and Miss Eunice Cleland completed their terms of most acceptable service. In 1929 Miss Ellen Nolan returned to America for family reasons. This leaves Mr. T. W . Millen, of Monmouth, 111., who arrived in 1930 as our only representative on the staff.

KINNAIRD COLLEGE FOR WOMEN Since 1921 we have been cooperating with other Punjab missions in maintaining the only Christian College for Women in the province. For a number of years the attendance was India— Kinnaird College for Women 149 small, not only because of the lack of adequate housing and equipment, but because few Indian parents felt the need of edu­ cating their daughters. All this is changing rapidly. In 1924 there were only thirty scholars; in 1927, thirty-eight; while in 1930 there are eighty-six, and about forty-five applicants had to be refused.

The present site, though a very valuable one, is not one that can be economically developed. Classes are held in the rooms of the three old bungalows; the resident students and teachers are crowded in various sorts of places. Plans are now practically complete for purchasing a plot of twenty acres on the outskirts of Lahore, near the new site of Forman College. As the sale of the present property will not provide enough funds to erect the needed buildings on the new site it will be necessary to continue the work for some time at the present site until more money is secured.

Miss Frances Martin had to leave for health reasons in 1927 and Miss Josephine Martin was borrowed from Pathankot from January 1st to October 1st, 1928. Since then we had no representative on the staff until the arrival of Miss Naomi Light in October, 1930.

W ith the education of Indian women still largely in Chris­ tian hands, Kinnaird College occupies a place of great strategic importance in winning the Punjab for Christ. There are few institutions with as promising a future if only the material re­ sources needed for expansion can be obtained.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS

INDIA I. F IE L D 1928 1929 1930 Number of Square M iles...... 25,154 25,154 25,154 Population ...... 5,368,000 5,368,000 5,368,000 Total Christian Community...... 86,208 85,708 96,203

II. WORKERS FOREIGN: Under regular appointment— Ordained m en ...... 35 29 30 Unordained men ...... 8 8 7 Unmarried women ...... 69 68 64 W ives ...... 41 36 36 Under Short Term appointment...... 7 3 2

Total Foreign W orkers ...... 160 144 139 150 India— Summary of Statistics

1928 1929 1930 NATIVE: Ordained m en ...... ;...... 89 90 100 Licentiates ...... 8 7 5 Unordained men ...... 467 467 425 Women workers...... 228 245 256 .. , i —----- Total Native Workers ...... 792 809 786

III. W O R K 1. CHURCH STATISTICS: Synods ...... 1 1 1 Presbyteries ...... 6 6 6 Organized Congregations...... 97 100 108 Unorganized groups of Believers ...... 66 374 393 Self-supporting Congregations ...... 68 69 71 Number of Elders...... 373 380 398 Communicants ...... 43,070 44,225 45,002 Increase by Profession ...... 2,648 2,122 2,584 Net Increase ...... 872* 1,155 777 Sabbath Schools...... 99 103 107 Enrollment ...... 5,363 5,318 5,604 Young People’s Societies ...... 18 15 12 Members ...... 715 567 *601 Missionary Societies...... 72 75 62 Members ...... 1,502 1,507 1,319

2. EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS: Theological Seminary ...... 1 1 1 Enrollment ...... 32 24 19 C ollege ...... ,— 1 1 1 Enrollment ...... 389 444 471 High Schools ...... 6 6 5 Enrollment ...... 3,940 3,434 1,246 Grade Schools------8 8 8 Enrollment ...... 1,509 1,613 1,749 Primary Schools ...... 151 154 143 Enrollment ...... 7,758 7,585 7,242 Industrial Schools...... 1 1 1 Enrollment ...... 65 65 60 Total Number of Schools ...... 168 171 159 Total Enrollment...... 13,693 13,239 10,787 Total Christian Students...... 4,348 4,232 4,044 Total Native Instructors ...... 463 470 400 Total Native Christian Instructors .. 324 333 325

3. MEDICAL STATISTICS: Foreign Physicians ...... 6 5 5 Nurses and Others ...... 9 6 5 Total Foreign Staff...... 15 11 10 Native Physicians ...... 7 6 6 Nurses and Others ...... 60 61 105 Total Native Staff...... 67 67 111 Hospitals ...... 5 5 5 Dispensaries ...... 9 5 7

* A Decrease. India— Summary of Statistics 151

1928 1929 1930 Beds in Hospitals ...... 225 229 232 In-Patients ...... 2,601 2,921 3,208 Total Patients...... 96,893 69,386 59,701 Major Operations ...... — 635 596 729

4. LITERATURE: Reading Rooms ...... 15 17 16 Colporteurs and Shop M en ...... 14 13 15 Bibles and Portions Sold ...... 17,767 13,486 16,822 Religious Books Sold ...... 3,368 12,449 3,564

5. INCOME FROM NATIVE SOURCES: From the Native Church...... $18,722 $22,505 $17,770 From Educational W ork ...... 76,916 74,881 66,257 From Medical W ork ...... 11,217 10,141 9,680' From Industrial W ork ...... 18,720 13,421 13,981 From Book W ork ...... 671 578 587

Total raised on the Field $126,246 $121,526 $108,275

THE SUDAN

1928 -1930

Sudan—Introduction 155

INTRODUCTION

Conditions upon the field have been propitious for mis­ sionary work during the three year period. It has been a time of political stability and of prosperity. Every phase of Sudan­ ese life has made marked change. In nothing else has this change been so great as in the accessibility of the people to Christian teaching. These years have emphasized the urgency of the task of presenting Christ adequately to the young people of the Sudan before the materialism of the West destroys their natural inclination toward religion and creates indifference to our message, a condition more formidable than that of hostility.

In the Moslem Sudan, the Government has made no change in declared policy toward Christian work, but in many wa)^ has shown a greater friendliness to missions.

In the South Sudan, among the pagan tribes, the Govern­ ment has continued its policy of hearty cooperation with the Mission in schools and hospitals. In most districts, including those in which the American Mission works, the educational work is left entirely in the hands of mission organizations. The Government inspects the schools regarding the standard of work done, but places no restrictions on religious teaching and in turn gives liberal money grants to the schools. All the mis­ sions working in that area, and the Government, have been co­ operating in the development of a system of orthography to be used for all tribal languages, thus simplifying considerably the problem of printing. The Government has lent expert linguists to the missions to help in language problems, and has encourag­ ed the compilation of grammars and dictionaries and the trans­ lation of schoolbooks, etc., giving additional grants for publi­ cation. This has been of incalculable benefit. On the other hand, it has greatly increased the burden of work upon our missionaries at Doleib Hill and Nasser. A larger staff of work­ ers is needed in the South Sudan if we are to meet the challenge which the Government’s policy gives us.

The Sudan has been without an American doctor since 1928, although medical work has been carried on by American nurses in twro of our stations and in a third by a trained Sudan­ ese nurse. In two stations hospitals have stood many years awaiting doctors. For the third, a doctor was appointed in 1930 and is, at the close of this period, in the School of Tropical Medi­ 156 Sudan—I ntroduction cine in London. It is a matter a deep concern that this im­ portant arm of evangelistic and humanitarian service remains crippled so long. The Mission regrets the loss of several missionaries during the period under review through reduction of staff for financial reasons, ill health, marriage, and transfer to another mission field, but is profoundly grateful to God for preserving the lives of all. Sudan—Khartum 15 7

KHARTUM

The city of Khartum is the capital of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, at the junction of the White and Blue Nile Rivers. District: Khartum, Blue Nile, Berber, Dongola, and Kassala Provinces, Port Sudan-Suakin Administration, and parts of Fung and White Nile Provinces. Area: 340,400 square miles (approxim ate). Population: 1,600,000 (approxi­ mate). Tribes: mixed Arab and Negro. Languages: Arabic and tribal vernaculars; about V/1 % literate. Religions: about 98% Moslems; others, resident Christians of Eastern Churches. Opened in 1900 in Omdurman. Missionaries'. Rev. and Mrs. J. L. Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Finley, Rev. and Mrs. Leander Finley, Rev. J. K. Giffen, D. D., and Mrs. Giffen, Mr. and Mrs. J. P. McKnight, Rev. Glenn P. Reed, Rev. and Mrs. R. F. Shields, Rev. G. A. Sowash, D. D., and Mrs. Sowash, Misses Una Coie, Esther M. Ganter, Marguerite M. McClellan, Aulora R. McIntyre, Mary J. McKnight, Ruth M. Parks, Verna E. Pillow, Frances Turk. Short Term Workers: Miss Lyda Boyd, Mr. W. D. McClure, Mr. Neill R. McGeachy. Equipment: (Khartum) Two dwellings for missionaries; Boys’ School building; Boys’ Home buildings; store rooms; 180 acres of land at Rumeila. (Gereif) Dwelling for missionary; teachers’ dwelling and storehouse; boys’ dormitory; 130 acres, partly in garden and crops. (Khartum North) Dwelling for missionary; Boys’ School building; native dwelling; Girls’ School building, includ­ ing rooms for missionary staff; storehouses; Shrader Memorial Hospital building; dwelling house for superin­ tendent of Bible women. (Omdurman) Dwelling for missionaries; two Boys’ School buildings; two church buildings (temporary); native dwell­ ing for evangelist. (Out Stations) Atbara: School building and teachers’ dwelling. Dongola: Dwelling for evangelist. Sinkat: Two rest houses. Wad Medani: Dwelling for evangelist.

EVANGELISTIC

The evangelistic work in the North Sudan during the three years ending December 31, 1930, has been marked by progress in the number of places reached, and the regularity with which the gospel has been preached and taught. During nearly the whole of this period an average of six college and seminary trained men have been at work in eight centers. In addition to these, regular services have been maintained in two other places by the missionaries and teachers. The Sudan has never had a higher type of evangelistic workers. 158 Sudan—Khartum

The places occupied are all strategic centers and, with one exception, these are the -only preachers of evangelical truth in the language of the people in the entire North Sudan. That one exception is Omdurman, where the Church Missionary Society maintains regular services, more especially for the staff and patients in their hospital. The American Mission, in connection with the Synod of the Nile, is the only agency striving to reach the masses through the direct preaching of the gospel in the Arabic language in an area of nearly half a million square miles, containing a population of over one and a half million, almost wholly Mohammedan. Three entire provinces are en­ tirely untouched by evangelical preachers, and in several others one evangelist is stationed among hundreds of thousands of people spread over vast stretches of country.

Khartum : The Khartum congregation has remained a self- supporting body, organized with pastors and elders, made pos­ sible by proportionate giving on the part of many members. In 1928 the closing of a street gave opportunity for considerable enlargement of the church property, and the church, with assist­ ance from the Synod, is bravely endeavoring to meet the cost of this addition. The church building has been used on Sabbath evenings for a service in English, conducted by the missionaries, and a service in Greek under the auspices of a growing body of evan­ gelical Greeks of the Khartum district.

Khartum North congregation has continued to worship in the Rose Harden Memorial Chapel of the school building under the leadership of the Rev. Malik Fanous, who is supported by the Mission. Several pupils in the school have been received into the church as members during the triennium. During the last two years Miss Turk and six girls of the school have attempted to minister to the needs of the beggars who ask alms each Sabbath morning of those who come to attend the church services. The average attendance has been fifteen. They are told a gospel story, sing, repeat the story, receive medical treatment, and then receive alms in the form of nourishing food for their wasted bodies. All these poor guests are old and can scarcely comprehend a thought. One man and one woman have confessed that they believe only Jesus can save.

Omdurman: The small congregation in Omdurman is the oldest in the Sudan Presbytery, and for the past fifteen years has been served by the Rev. Toobia Abd A1 Massih, the only Sudan—Khartum 159

ordained college and seminary trained minister from among the Negro people of the Nile Valley. The average attendance upon the Sabbath morning service has been about one hundred.

Atbara: The congregation at this important railway center was organized with two elders and two deacons in 1929. The triennium was entered without an evangelist in charge, but through the assistance of the Synod of the Nile, an evangelist arrived in 1928. Serious trouble and misunderstanding arose between the congregation and the presbytery, resulting in lack of leadership for some months in 1929 and 1930. However, an ordained man reached the field toward the end of 1930, and there is promise of recovery and progress.

Wad Medani'. This capital and business center of the Blue Nile Province is the third city in size in the Sudan, having had a phenomenal growth since the beginning of the Gezira cotton project. Its population now numbers about 33,000. The evan­ gelist was replaced in 1930 by an ordained convert from Islam, who has shown great zeal in the work. Sometimes as many as eighty people attempt to crowd into a room in the evangelist’s home not more than fourteen by twenty-eight feet in size. A site for a church building has been offered by the government, but cannot be accepted until funds for meeting accompanying building conditions are in hand. Only lack of funds has pre­ vented the location of a missionary in this increasingly im­ portant center since the Mission took action toward that end in 1930.

Dongola: This province continues to be served by one evan­ gelist among its population of 163,000. Services, frequently attended by numbers of Moslems, have been held in a room of the evangelist’s home at Kareima and in a Government rest house at Merowe.

Port Sudan: After years of hoping and praying, the Rev. Wahba Hanna was sent to minister to the small evangelical community in this port city of the Sudan in the early months of 1930, terminating a long period of years when church ser­ vices were conducted by la3rmen or by missionaries in Port Sudan on rare occasions. A small building fund, having been carefully collected throughout the years, made possible the erection of a building for worship and the dedication is set for March, 1931. Sabbath Schools: These, in the entire North Sudan, number 10, with an enrollment of 786, of whom only 164 are adults. More than half the pupils are Moslems. 160 Sudan—Khartum

The largest Sabbath School is at Omdurman, where the section for Moslem boys exclusively has been continued throughout the three years with an increasing attendance, aver­ aging in the closing months of 1930 about 120 Moslem boys and young men. In connection with each evangelical preaching center a Sabbath School is maintained, and in some centers more than one school is conducted regularly each Sabbath day.

Evangelistic and Educational Work among W om en: This in­ creasingly important and* promising work of the Mission is limited not by the attitude of the people toward it, but by the number of workers and amount of funds available for use in accepting opportunities that continually press upon the present staff. t * Too much emphasis cannot be placed upon the boon which the gift of two Ford cars has been to the work among women. The first, presented by the W om en’s Missionary Societies of the First Ohio Presbytery, has been in constant use in Omdur­ man since its arrival in 1928. It has made possible an increase in the staff of native Bible women, has conserved the physical energy of both missionary and native workers, and has made possible entrance into scores of Moslem homes in districts dis­ tant from the center of the city. Another automobile was pre­ sented for Bible women’s work in the North Sudan by the Mis­ sionary Society of the Chartiers Church, Canonsburg, Pa., in 1930, and it has made possible the opening of new districts in both Khartum and Khartum North, and has increased the effi­ ciency of the workers immeasurably by conveying them over long distances once travelled by bicycle and slow tram.

Khartum: With one native teacher employed throughout the triennium and another added in 1930, the work among the women and girls of Khartum has shown increase in numbers of pupils and hearers, interest, and quality of work done. In­ terest and attendance have steadily increased, with an average of twTenty-eight attending each meeting in 1930. Ninety-six per cent of the women and girls reached are Moslems, and the evangelistic efforts of the American Mission among them pro­ vides their only opportunity of hearing the gospel.

Khartum N orth: The presence of a resident supervising mis­ sionary has continued to benefit evangelistic work among the women and girls of Khartum North, although during more than two years of the three being reviewed, Miss McKnight has divided her time between Khartum and Khartum North. A third Sudanese worker was added to the staff in 1930, and Sudan—Khartum 161 regular pupils have reached a total of 163, and total Bible lessons given in one year have exceeded four thousand. Ninety- nine per cent of the pupils are Moslem. The work is continually enlarging through the use of the Ford, new and better class homes are being entered, and the attitude of the people is in­ creasingly friendly in spite of the occasional loss of pupils through objection to the Bible lessons. One old man voiced a fear which is his shame and the workers’ hope: “ I’m just afraid that you will find their (his daughters) hearts empty and so they will accept what you teach.”

Omdurman: The large native city of Omdurman offers almost unlimited opportunities for Bible women’s work. These have been grasped in so far as possible during the last three years, the number of regular pupils increasing from 104 in 1928 to more than 200 in 1930, and the number of weekly reading and Bible lessons from 2,174 to 5,149. As in the other two cities, many requests must* remain unanswered. The most encourag­ ing feature of the work is the reception given the Bible lessons. Many pupils confess that their entire attitude toward the gospel has changed, and in cases where Bible stories and the Bible reading have been objected to, the objections have come from relatives, rather than from the pupils. One girl is seeking bap­ tism. In 1930 a meeting for women was started in cooperation with one of the Church Missionary Society missionaries. This meeting is held in a school building of the Society, and the American Mission workers give lessons in sewing, and reading, and assist in presenting the gospel message.

EDUCATIONAL General Educational Work and Boys’ Day Schools: By the beginning of 1928 the schools in the North Sudan had begun to rally very well from the serious decrease in enrollment caused by the Government’s having required every parent of a child in a mission school to sign a statement permitting the pupil to receive Christian teaching. Since that time there has been a steady increase in enrollment. In 1928 the last Egyptian teachers in the Mission schools were retired by Government regulation, except two who were considered as domiciled in the Sudan. Some of these were replaced by boys from a Teachers’ Training Class, but in some cases teachers had to be brought from Syria at a much greater expense. At the same time the budget for the conduct of the schools was greatly reduced from the Church in America, and it was necessary to close the Khartum North Day School at the end of May, 1929, and to reduce the Khartum School to second 162 5" ud an—K hartum year primary standing, with a corresponding decrease in the enrollment of boarding pupils in the Boys’ Home. In 1930 a third year class was reopened in the Khartum school. This leaves the Mission at the end of 1930 with only two boys’ day schools in the North Sudan, instead of five as in 1926. In 1929, after a series of petitions to the Mission from resi­ dents of Dongola Province had been refused, the Rev. Aziz Tawadros, the Mission’s evangelist in Dongola, opened a school in Kareima as a private venture, with his son, a graduate of Assiut College, in charge. The enrollment in 1930 was fifty-five. Unfortunately, the school does not have permission to receive Sudanese pupils because of Government regulations which do not permit Egyptian teachers in schools attended by Sudanese. During this triennium definite steps have been taken for the establishment of a secondary school. This is to be known as the McClurkin Memorial, in honor of the late Dr. J. K. Mc- Clurkin, who made a bequest to the Sudan Mission. The situation with regard to the Mission schools is more serious than a brief report can portray, in the fact that not only does the development of Christian leadership in the Sudan depend entirely upon the schools, but also in that the schools provide the greatest contact with the people and directly and indirectly furnish the greatest evangelistic opportunity.

Girls' Boarding and Day School, Khartum North: In 1927 the curriculum of this institution was extended two years, thereby affording the pupils in the school four years of secondary schooling. However, at various times during the past three years, one or both of these advanced classes have been tem­ porarily discontinued, due to reduction in the foreign staff lo­ cated at the school. The enrollment in the school has not changed greatly in the past three years, with an average of about 130 boarding pupils and about 170 pupils in the day school. This is the full capacity of the school and during 1930 many applications for places in the boarding department have been refused because of lack of space and beds. The sewing department of the school has been conducted with the definite aim of making the work very practical and of a type that will enable the girls to meet the needs of their own homes. It becomes increasingly evident that some of the girls who are not capable of advancing in literary subjects must be provided with education along other than literary lines. The total enrollment at the end of 1930 was 334, of whom S udan—K harturn 163

191 were Moslem girls. The importance of this institution, the only American Mission Girls’ School now being conducted in the North Sudan, cannot be overemphasized.

The Boys’ Home and Boarding School, Khartum: This insti­ tution was under the care of Rev. and Mrs. R. F. Shields during the first eight months of 1928. Since that time, with the excep­ tion of the closing months of 1930, it has been in charge of the Rev. and Mrs. Leander Finley, who were especially requested by the Sudan Mission, and generously permitted to transfer by the American Mission in Egypt, for the purpose of undertaking the work in the Home. Until the school term of 1929-30, the boys in the Home numbered more than seventy, a Teachers’ Training Class hav­ ing been conducted in connection with the Home in 1928-29. Since that time the enrollment has not exceeded fifty boys. Even with reduced enrollment the dormitory room is crowded and the removal of the Home to its new location at Gereif is urgent. Ap­ plications for places in the Home are continually being refused and indicate that two units of fifty boys each could easily be filled. Due to the discontinuing of the upper primary classes in the Khartum Day School and the policy of accepting only young boys, more than half of the student body in 1930 were pupils in the two beginning grades in school. This arrangement promises to provide the school in the future with a group of boys, prac­ tically all of whom have grown up within the Home and under the care of the missionaries in charge. Several former Home boys are enrolled in Assiut College for secondary education.

The J. Kelly Giffen School of Agriculture, Gereif: This school, which has been operating since 1924 under the name of the Gereif School, has been formally named the J. Kelly Giffen School of Agriculture in honor of the Rev. J. Kelly Giffen, D. D., pioneer missionary in the Sudan and founder of the school. In March, 1929, an exhibition was given by the pupils of the agricultural products of the school farm, together with simi­ lar products grown nearby. The exhibition served to interest many people of the community in the school. The dairy herd, founded in 1924 by the importation of two pure bred Holsteins, had developed sufficiently to form a very attractive part of the display. The first class to complete the curriculum of the school was given diplomas in April, 1929. This class consisted of three 164 Sudan— Khartum

boys, who, throughout the course, had shown both interest and initiative in their study of agriculture. Being the first graduates of an agricultural institution in the Sudan, the location of these boys was of unusual interest. One has been employed by an Armenian plantation owner. Another was first employed by the Government in an agricultural experimental station, but later replaced the Egyptian farm manager on the staff of the school. The third was offered an excellent position at an attractive sal­ ary to become head teacher and demonstrator in a school to be sponsored by the Horticultural Section of the Government De­ partment of Agriculture, but the offer was refused to accept a position in wrhich he would have time for the development of a poultry farm of his own. The lowest grade of the school curriculum was dropped at the opening of the 1930-31 term, pupils hereafter to be accepted one year further advanced in school work. Due to this change, together with insistence upon practical work and religious in­ struction, the enrollment in the school has not exceeded twenty- four. Of these, eighteen are of Mohammedan parentage, and a most encouraging factor in the work of the institution has been a private confession of faith on the part of two. Native interest in the school is increasing and was manifested in 1930 in a visit of Sir Abdel Rahman, son of The Mahdi. He requested a gradu­ ate of the school for his own plantation. Three boys connected with his family are pupils. The triennium marks the passing of the beginning days of the school. Future graduating classes promise to be larger and the training of Sudanese boys in scientific agriculture will soon have passed beyond the experimental stage.

MEDICAL

The building of the Shrader Memorial Hospital in Khartum North has been used throughout the past three years for class­ rooms for pupils in the Girls’ Boarding and Day School. No doctor has come from America to take up medical work, and the nurse upon the field has spent her time in the school, where teaching of hygiene, the conduct of a clinic, and the training of girls in baby care continue to constitute the only organized medical work that the American Mission has in the entire North Sudan. As a result of Miss Turk’s work along these lines the general health of the girls in the school has improved, a 40 per cent decrease in the number of cases of active trachoma having been accomplished; future mothers of the Sudan have been taught; and treatments and demonstrations have been given for the benefit of friends and relatives of pupils and teachers from the surrounding villages. Sudan—Doleib Hill 165

Four girls from the Khartum North School have gone to the Training School for Nurses, American Hospital, Beyrout, Syria, and one of these is now working among women in Port Said. A small clinic for people from the villages is still main­ tained at Gereif by the staff of the Agricultural School.

DOLEIB HILL (1902)

On the Sobat River about 530 miles by river south of Khartum. District: Part of the Upper Nile Province, inhabited by Shullas and Dinkas. Area: 13,200 square miles (approximate). Population: 151,000 (estimated). Tribes: Shulla and Dinka. Languages: Shulla, Dinka and Arabic. Religion: almo’fet wholly pagan. Literacy: Practically all il­ literate. Missionaries: Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Gephardt, Rev. and Mrs. J. Alfred Heasty, Rev. H. H. McClellan. Equipment: Four dwellings for missionaries; three industrial buildings with equipment; one clinic; one church.

EVANGELISTIC * At the beginning of the triennium the evangelistic work was very discouraging. Attendance at religious services was very poor, and many of the Christians seemed to have lost in­ terest. The shortage of missionaries made it impossible to give this work and the Christian people the training and help they needed. Interest on the part of the natives, however, has in­ creased steadily until at the close of this period the work looks very encouraging. The attendance upon church services during the latter half of the year 1930 has been the best experienced in the history of the wTork at Doleib Hill. Thirty young men and boys and one woman have asked for baptism and are now under instruction in preparation for that step. The work has been greatly hampered because there has been no missionary who could give his entire time to the evangelistic wrork. Throughout the three years very little itinerating work has been done owing to lack of staff. In 1928 most of the territory among the Shilluk tribe was covered and in very village there was found an audience that heard the gospel gladly. Since that time the village work has been confined to that which a native evangelist has been able to do in nearby villages. The Gospels of Matthew and John have been rewritten in the new orthography adopted by the Sudan Government and all missions working in the South Sudan. The Gospel of Mark and the Acts of the Apostles have also been translated and these four books are now ready to be printed. 166 Sudan—Doleib Hill

EDUCATIONAL

The year 1928 marked the beginning of larger things for the school work at Doleib Hill. The Sudan Government began to take an active interest in education in the South Sudan. The school at Doleib Hill was given a financial grant by the Govern­ ment which has helped in equipping the school and in the print­ ing of textbooks.

The Sudan Government and the missions working in the South Sudan cooperated in adopting a new system of ortho­ graphy for use in writing the tribal languages. The educational men of the Government wrote a series of textbooks to be trans­ lated into the native languages of the missions. With the aid of a multigraph, there have now been printed five readers, a history and geography, a book on hygiene, a primary arithmetic and a book on physical training. Six of these are translations of books prepared by the Government. These have added great­ ly to the efficiency of the school.

It has been the policy of the school to interest the pupils in gardening and agriculture, and to make that a definite part of the school curriculum. Those in charge labored toward this end with the boys for two years, but only during the last year have the boys become actively interested. During this year, however, some boys have spent more time in their gardens than has been required by the school.

Much of the opposition to the school on the part of the parents has been overcome during this three year period. Some of the boys from the school secured positions with the Govern­ ment at much better wages than other natives could get; others replaced Government employees who were not able to read and write. This has helped to convince the boys and others of the value of the school work. The people have also seen that the boys who complete the school have been free to do as they please and have not been turned over to the Government as soldiers, as they had at first feared. All this has created a great deal of interest in the school. In 1930 the enrollment in the boarding school was three times larger than ever before. Day pupils have been more regular in attendance. Many boys who started school and then dropped out have reentered. Three boys walked sixty miles to enter school. Parents have brought their boys to school. This represents a great change from the be­ ginning of the triennium when one had to plead with parents to get their permission for boys to attend school and receive only a bad one whom they could not control at home. Sudan—Nasser 167

MEDICAL At no time during this three year period has there been a doctor at Doleib Hill station. The work has been carried on mostly by Akwakwan, a native Shilluk trained by Dr. McCleery several years ago. His work has consisted mainly of dressing sores and wounds, treating eyes and cases of malaria. Many have been treated for snake bite and scorpion sting, but this has usually been done by the missionaries. Mrs. Gephardt has given valuable assistance in cases of serious illness among some of those of the Mission compound. In 1928 one of the Government medical inspectors visited the Mission clinic and suggested that the station be supplied with a native trained man from the Government Hospital at Malakal. This suggestion resulted in an agreement between the Mission and the Senior Medical Inspector of the Province, whereby the Government would send one of the Mission’s Christian boys, who had been trained in Malakal, and would provide all drugs free of charge, if the Mission would bear the expense of the clinic helper. At the close of 1930 Bwoga was sent to the Mission at the Mission’s request. He has been one of the outstanding Christians and immediately the number of patients more than doubled. On one day of the second week more than one hun­ dred were in attendance upon the clinic. The people still have great confidence in the Mission and in the power of the medicine to cure.

NASSER (1913)

On the Sobat River about 700 miles from Khartum. District: Part of the Upper Nile Province, inhabited by Nuers. Area: 6,000 square miles (estimated). Population: 200,000 (estimated). It is estimated that there are from 400,000 to 800,000 Nuers in other sections. Tribes: Nuer and Anuak. Literacy: practically all illiterate. Religion: pagan. Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. W. J. Adair, Rev. and Mrs. Paul J. Smith, Misses Ray H. Huffman and C. Blanche Soule, R. N. Equipment-. Three residences for missionaries; one church; one clinic; one clinic out-building; one storehouse.

EVANGELISTIC During the three years being reviewed there have been twenty-seven baptisms. One of them was the Arab foreman, who had been a Mohammedan. He had served with the Mission at Nasser almost from the very beginning, and for many years had been interested in the gospel message. He is very indus­ trious in talking to Nuers as well as to his fellow Moham­ medans concerning Christ. 168 Sudan— Nasser

The attendance upon both church services and the Sabbath School has been good during this period. Many have heard the message. In 1929 a trip was made by launch up the Baro River to Itang. Many Anuaks were visited near Gambeila, among whom there are several Christians. But there are no missionar­ ies nor missions among these people. For many years prayer has been offered for this and other neighboring tribes, including the Brun and the Bear. A second trip was made on the Pibor and Gila Rivers as far as Akoba. On these two trips one hun­ dred villages and fishing camps were reached and about 10,000 people heard the message. Yol Dup, the Nuer evangelist, has been very faithful in visiting the nearby villages within the ter­ ritory of a radius of ten miles, and sometimes goes to places fifteen or twenty miles away. The average number of people reached by him in a day is 130. One of the native workers is taught the Sabbath School lessons and he in turn teaches twelve other Sabbath School teachers. In the regular church services twelve of the most advanced Christians take turns in conducting the preaching services, and there have certainly been some remarkable mes­ sages from these babes in Christ. On Sabbath afternoons a number of the men go out in the villages and preach. They reach two or three hundred people in this way. Many of the Nuer Christians give offerings more regularly than in former years.

EDUCATIONAL

The last three years have been most encouraging ones in the educational work a Nasser. The attendance upon the schools has increased until a total enrollment of 134 was attained in 1930. Some of these are irregular in attendance, and some come for a brief period and tire of it, but most of the time there have been from 80 to 100 in actual attendance. In the autumn of 1930 thirty men and boys were received as boarders, sent to the Mission by the District Commissioners, their expenses covered by a Government grant. Many of these are sons of chiefs and come from all parts of the Eastern Nuer country. There is no other school in this section of Nuer-land, which includes hundreds of square miles and has a probable population of 300,000. This means that the educated leaders of the coming generation will all pass through the Mission school. The school uses the Government curriculum and is visited by the educational inspector once or twice each year. In 1928 the Nasser Station participated in the language con­ ference held at Rejaf for Government officials and mission soci­ Sudan—Nasser 169 eties interested in educational work in the South Sudan. An alphabet slightly different from the one then in use at Nasser was adopted. This necessitated the re-multigraphing of all the school textbooks. During February of 1930, Dr. Tucker, a trained phonetician, employed by the Government, visited the station and gave invaluable help in the spelling of the language. It is hoped that he may be able to visit Nasser again. The mul­ tigraph is kept busy all the time, getting out books for school work in the vernacular. Some of these are Bible selections and Bible stories. In the girls’ school there has been an average of fifteen girls in attendance this past year. These are girls who work in the Mission and attend as day pupils. The Mission has been asked to accept girls in a boarding department and is very eager to accept this opportunity, since it will mean so much to have Christian-trained women. Until the present no one of the staff has had the time needed properly to supervise and train board­ ing school girls. Unless they can be carefully and continually supervised they cannot be accepted. It is a tremendous responsibility that has been laid upon the station in its educational work, and a blessed opportunity to point the young Nuers to Christ and to train them in His ways.

MEDICAL

There has been nothing spectacular in the medical work at Nasser during the years 1928-30. The greatest encourage­ ment in the work has been the growing confidence of the young men, girls and boys, who are pupils in the school, and this is reaching out to others in the community. A number of orphan babies have been cared for at the Mis­ sion. The people brought the babies to the Mission, stating that if they kept them they would die because they did not know what to do for them. At the end of 1930 the orphans numbered seven, were well and growing nicely. Their progress would seem to be the thing that has helped the Nuers to bring their babies and little ones to the clinic in greater numbers. One of the advances made has been in the teaching of hygiene and health. This is a most important part of the medi­ cal work. To train the Nuers in habits of cleaner, healthier liv­ ing, and thereby prevent sickness, will mean much more to them than treating them for an illness that could have been pre­ vented. A great number of babies die among the Nuers. The mother does not know how to care for her baby. The Mission 170 Sudan— Wadi Haifa has had an opportunity to teach a number of girls how to care for babies, and these girls are helping in the actual care of the orphans and in the preparation of their food. This constitutes a mere beginning but opens up a most helpful sphere of ser­ vice to the needy Nuer people. For several years the oldest helper at the clinic has been giving the daily gospel message to the patients. This has been a step forward, because it seems to mean much more to the patients to have one of their own people tell them about God and what the Lord Jesus has done for him.

WADI HALFA (1926)

Chief town of Haifa Province; gateway to The Sudan from Egypt on the Nile River, about 580 miles from Khartum by rail. District: Haifa Province. Area: 115,600 square miles (approximate). Population: 43,044 (estimate). Tribes: Berber and mixed races. Languages: Arabic and Berber vernacular. Literacy: about 1^4%. Religion: about 99% Moslem. Missionary: Miss Mary E. Coie.

Equipment: William Little School for Girls. The school year of 1927-28 in the William Little School for Girls began with only twenty-seven pupils, but the number in­ creased after parents were no longer required to sign agree­ ments concerning religious instruction. The next two years were marked by a steady improvement in the school, due chiefly to a change in the teaching staff. This improvement was mani­ fest in much more regular attendance of pupils, in a decided change for the better in the quantity and quality of work done, in an increased willingness to pay tuitions, in increased ability to tell Bible stories and in attention to all chapel and Bible les­ sons. The number of purely native children increased from three in 1928 to twenty-five in 1930. At the close of the school year, 1929-1930, there were more native than Egyptian and Syrian girls in the beginning classes. The school was closed for the year 1930-31 because of the lack of experienced women missionaries. Miss Mary Coie pro­ ceeded on furlough and Miss McClellan took charge of Bible women’s work in Omdurman. The Bible women’s work in Wadi Haifa was not encourag­ ing, the number of pupils ranging each year from six to eleven. The small Evangelical Church group in W adi Haifa con­ tinues to worship without ministerial leadership. Sudan— Summary of Statistics 171

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS

T H E SU D A N I. F IE L D 1928 1929 1930 Area in Square M ile s...... 1,014,400 1,014,400 1,014,400 Population ...... 2,500,000* 2,500,000* 2,500,000* Christian Community...... 2,705 2,705 2,705

II. WORKERS FOREIGN: Under regular appointment— Ordained men ...... 12 11 11 Unordained men ...... 3 3 3 Unmarried women ...... 12 10 12 W ives ...... 14 12 12 Under Short Term appointment 3 3 2

Total Foreign W orkers...... 44 39 40

NATIVE: Ordained m en ...... 4 5 6 Licentiates ...... 2 1 1 Unordained m en ...... 35 36 37 Women workers ...... 22 29 27

Total Native Workers ...... 63 71 71

III. W O R K

1. CHURCH STATISTICS: Presbyteries ...... 1 1 1 Organized Congregations...... 0 2 2 Unorganized groups of B elievers...... 15 13 11 Self-supporting Congregations ...... 0 1 1 Elders ...... 0 6 5 Communicants ...... 541 561 585 Increase by Profession ...... 32 20 20 Net Increase ...... 41 20 20 Sabbath Schools ...... 12 13 14 Enrollment ...... 748 789 944

2. EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS: High Schools ...... 0 1 2 Enrollment ...... 0 280 12 Primary and Elementary Schools..... 7 6 6 Enrollment ...... 1,064 818 1,107 Agricultural Schools ...... 1 1 1 Enrollment ...... 21 28 25 Total number of Schools...... 8 8 9 Total Enrollment...... 1,085 1,126 1,144 Total Christian Students...... 342 414 382 Total Native Staff...... 53 50 46 Total Christian Teachers ...... 38 38 37

* Estimated. 172 Sudan—Summary of Statistics

1928 1929 1930 3. MEDICAL STATISTICS: Foreign Physicians...... 1 0 0 Nurses and Others ...... 3 3 3 Total Foreign Staff...... 4 3 3 Native Nurses and Others...... * 5 5 Total Native Staff...... * 5 5 Dispensaries ...... * 2 3 Beds in Hospitals...... * 4 4 In-Patients ...... * 9 9 Total Patients ...... * 12,921 12,435 O p era tion s...... * *

4. L IT E R A T U R E : *

INCOME FROM NATIVE SOURCES: From Native Church ...... $4,612 $3,999 $3,163 From Educational W ork ______10,313 12,225 8,433 From Medical W ork ______* 144 105 From Book W ork ...... * 23 * From Industrial W ork ...... 4,715 * 5,053

Total Raised on the Field ...... $19,640 $16,391 $16,754

* Not reported. ABYSSINIA

1928 -1930

A byssinia—Introduction 175

INTRODUCTION

The last three milestones have been outstanding ones in the history of our Mission. Looking back, we have a definite feeling of progress. The Mission has grieved that some missionaries have been forced to resign because of health conditions, due chiefly to the high altitude and isolation of the country. Others have come to fill their places, and we take heart and go on. Progress has been made in reaching definite objectives for the work of the Mission. In the beginning we hoped to work entirely in cooperation with the native Orthodox Church. This plan, however, has not been found practicable. The medical work has been blessed from the very begin­ ning and it continues to grow. W e are very happy in the gifts of funds for a new hospital at Sayo and for electrical equipment and X-ray at Addis Ababa. The Government has recently been active in establishing schools. Accordingly, the work of some of our schools must be changed in scope. For many years we shall have a big task in the education of younger Ethiopia. There will always be a place for the school that brings Christ and His teaching as well as scientific textbooks. W e are glad that the Emperor has called Professor F. E. Work, of Muskingum College, to plan a school system and to advise the Government generally in matters of education. 176 Abyssinia— Addis Ababa

ADDIS ABABA (1923)

The capita] of Abyssinia; located about 500 miles inland at an alti­ tude of about 9,000 feet; connected with the outside w orld at the sea­ port of Djibuti, French Somaliland, by a French railroad. Population of the city 65,000 (estimated). Missionaries: Dr. and Mrs. Stuart Bergsma, Rev. C. F. Kenneweg, Dr. and Mrs. A. W. Pollock, Mr. and Mrs. Fred L. Russell, Miss Edith Anderson, R. N., Miss Dora Arveson, R. N., Mrs. Agnes W. Bancroft, R. N., Miss Ruth Beatty, R. N., Miss Mildred Kiemele, Miss Florence White. Short Term Workers: Miss Aghavni Chevirian. Equipment: Fourteen acres two miles from the center of the city; George Memorial Hospital; two missionary dwellings; Girls’ School and several small buildings.

EVANGELISTIC

“ What a fine group of Christian boys you have!” Thus did the new minister of the United States at the Addis Ababa Mis­ sion express himself after a careful survey of the field. Though there has been no evangelistic man at this station until the last few months of the triennium, there was a nucleus of faithful workers in evangelistic endeavor—an excellent testimony to the efforts of Mr. Russell and Dr. Bergsma. Here is a firm foundation for a future church. There are three services held on Sabbath: Bible School at 9:30 A. M., church service at 10:30 A. M., and boys’ meeting at 4:00 P. M. Between 100 and 150 attend Sabbath School. There are two classes with native teachers and two with Amer­ ican teachers. More attend the preaching service. Once a month the boys conduct the entire service, and one or two of them preach, and an offering is taken. It is good to see the efficiency with which these boys present an interesting and worshipful service. May it be as acceptable to the Master! Frequently the patients from the wards in the hospital ask permission to give a testimony about the things they have learned in daily Bible lessons. What a group of testifiers they make— weak, emaciated and crippled— their voices start off with a whisper and often end in a crescendo! They are the ones who were healed and returned to thank Christ. The “ apple of our eye” is the boys’ meeting in the after­ noon. Usually there are about forty who come to this meeting. This is their own service and is conducted entirely by them. It is their training ground for future Christian service. One missionary wrote about the meeting for worship: “The meetings are held in a room in the hospital which, during the Abyssinia— Addis Ababa 177 week, is used for a waiting room for the clinic. We need a church building; we now must use the same room and sit on the same benches where during the week the leprous, reeking with foul smelling sores, and the fever stricken, sit waiting their turn to see the doctor.” Oto Shonie, our native evangelist, gives a message every morning in each ward; he also does personal work in the wards and in the rooms of private patients. A nurse meets the em­ ployees every morning for prayers and Bible reading. Before Dr. Pollock’s furlough, Mrs. Pollock met regularly with the women of the compound. After instruction in Bible, there was a pleasant social time.

1 EDUCATIONAL

In April 1930, the Girls’ Boarding School was opened; it continued until November when, because of many adverse con­ ditions, it wTas closed. W e hope to open it again within a few weeks. W e plead with you that the hands of prayer may be held up for this work. MEDICAL

During the triennium there has been much,advance in the work and in the number of workers. In January 1928, Dr. H. L. Finley, lent by the Egyptian Mission for a year, was compelled to return to Egypt after nine months in Addis Ababa, being seriously affected by the altitude. Dr. and Mrs Stuart Bergsma arrived on the field in March 1928. Dr. Bergsma immediately took up his duties as hospital surgeon; his reputation as a skill­ ful Christian surgeon soon brought many patients to the hospital. During the three years just closed there has been a steady increase of patients treated in clinic and hospital. The number admitted into the hospital in the previous triennium, 1925-27, was 1,663; during 1928-30 the number was 3,186, 45 per cent of whom were admitted during 1930 alone. These figures show plainly the increasing confidence the people have in the hospital. Our patients are drawn not only from widely separated sec­ tions of Abyssinia, but from many other lands as well. Last year our in-patients’ list represented twenty-eight nationalities and tribes. A successful operation on a patient from Arabia brought others from the same land. God has given us friends among Mohammedans and hea­ then ; many of these have shown their appreciation in a sub­ stantial way. Hundreds of dollars have been received in dona­ 178 A byssinia— Gorei tions from these friends, some as memorials and others desig­ nated as thank offerings for their recovery. One young Moham­ medan recovered from an operation which brought him com­ plete relief after years of suffering. Though he worked at a salary of Rupees 300 per year (about $100.00) his thank offer- ing gift to the hospital, in addition to paying for his operation and hospital care, was $37.50. As a memorial to a non-Christian Indian, the hospital re­ ceived M. T. 1,200. to be used to endow a room and construct two splendid sun parlors on upper verandas—one for children and one for adult convalescents. Great joy was brought to the hearts of the staff, helpers and patients, by the installation and successful operation of a com­ plete X-ray and electric lighting system. No longer do we need to guess whether a broken bone has been properly set. Our X-ray quickly tells us. No longer do we need to do emergency abdominal operations at night by the dim light of old oil lamps, while the explosive ether fumes rise heavenward. A flood of light from a battery of powerful electric lamps makes the oper­ ating field as bright as day. The Victor Shock Proof X-ray machine was provided by our Women’s Eoard. The electrical power plant, which consists of two complete kerosene engines and two dynamos, came as a generous gift from Mr. Robert McCarrell, of Washington, Pa., a boyhood friend of one of the doctors. Through the kindness of Hon. Phelps-Phelps, of New York, we also received an ex­ pensive operating table. A complete new septic tank and sani­ tary system has been installed. W e look back on the past triennium with thankful hearts for all God’s goodness in providing such splendid equipment, which now makes it possible to give the sick and suffering the best care and treatment.

GOREI (1924)

Gorei the capital city of Llubabour Province, is the center of trade for Western Abyssinia. The city population is about 3,500 and that o f the province, 40,000. Missionaries: Dr. and Mrs. Virgil F. Dougherty, Mr. and Mrs. P. R. West, Miss Viola Bayne, R. N., Mrs. Ruth L. Walker. Equipment: The Mission has three pieces of property which bound two sides of the main market square. The market is on a mountain side, and we speak of the properties as the upper, lower and medical properties. On the upper property there is a stone residence with iron roof, a kitchen and servants’ house of stone but with thatch roof. A byssinia— G o rei 179

The lower property has a residence, a building used for both church and school, and another used for stable and storeroom. All of these are of stone construction with iron roofs. The medical property has three small buildings of stone construc­ tion, one of the houses having a thatch roof. The buildings are used for clinic and doctor’s office; the unfinished one is to be a hospital. This hospital was originally begun with a gift from the governor of a neigh­ boring province who was pleased with the w ork and gave it $700.00 (U. S.). Since then, by special gifts and tithes of the missionaries, the building has been made partially usable, though at the present it still lacks floor, ceiling and glass windows. From 1927 to 1930 Gorei enjoyed great commercial pros­ perity. Last year was its record year for the export of coffee. Some 840,000 pounds were sent to Khartum. Due to the over­ production of coffee in Brazil, the price fell 50 per cent and, as a result, the merchants lost so heavily that trade is now at a standstill. This has its effect upon the M ission; fewer carriers come into town and we thus lose the opportunity of sending the gospel to distant villages. About three years ago the Central Government let a con­ tract to a motor company to build a road from Gambeila to Gorei. At present the road is in operation from Gambeila to the foot of the mountains, a distance of forty miles. Thus there remains forty miles more of the most difficult part to be com­ pleted. It shortens the trip from Gambeila by two days. How­ ever, the freight tariff is very high, making the transport of Mission goods much more expensive. In November 1929, Ras Nado, Governor of this province, died after an illness of about six weeks, during which time the Mission doctor rendered much service. The Mission mourns the loss of a good and influential friend. He was one of the most powerful men of Abyssinia and was a just ruler. At one time he represented his country at the League of Nations; at another time was the guest of President Wilson while on a diplomatic mission to the United States.

EVANGELISTIC

Since 1929 the work has shown a steady growth, not so much in enlarged numbers as in the numbers who have repeat­ edly come to services. Today about half of those attending church and Sabbath School are those who have been coming, some of them several months and many of them several years. This is an encouraging outlook for the early organization of a congregation. During the past three years there were seven baptisms. Four of these were children of missionaries, one an Abyssinian and two of mixed Abyssinian and European parentage. 180 A byssinia— Gorei

Mr. Ibrihim Georgis, a former student of Assiut College, a member of our church in Assiut, and now a merchant in Gorei, has given several substantial gifts to the work here, as well as valuable advice and assistance in helping establish the work in the province. The whole evangelistic outlook is favorable, with a steady growth in numbers of those who repeatedly come to the ser­ vices. We pray that an ordained man may soon be sent here and that his work may lead to the establishment of the native church which is so greatly needed.

EDUCATIONAL The past three years have been very difficult ones for the Boys’ School. The local government opened a school, sustain­ ing it on a tax of five cents per forty pounds of coffee sold. This brought a great fund in a short time and it was able to bring two Syrian teachers who made an honest effort to make the school worthwhile. WTith the large amount of funds at hand they spent freely and the school prospered. The Mission school at that time had an enrollment of twenty-six, most of whom had been in school for three or four years and were our hope for future village teachers. Upon the opening of the govern­ ment school in 1929, twenty of our most promising boys left us for the government school with the thought in mind that they would receive government positions in a short time. This exodus made necessary a reorganization of our work. A special effort was made to rescue children who had never before been in our school, starting at the very bottom to work up again. This effort was a success; before the close of the term there were eighteen boys on the roll besides the six that had remained with us. All of these were beginners and begged that the school continue after the ten months were up. The school year of 1930 made a poor start as the govern­ ment school again opened at the same time and the majority of the boys went there. However, after three months our en­ rollment was twenty-two, which included six girls. After a few months the parents of the girls requested a separate school for them, and this we granted.

Girls' School: Mrs. Walker spent the first six months of the time covered by this report in Sayo assisting in the work there; the girls who had been in school previously attended classes in the boys’ day school. Beginning June 1928, the teacher was on furlough and the girls continued attending the boys’ school. W'hen the new term opened in 1929 it was thought advisable for the entire teaching force to devote itself to one single school, so we made an effort to build up a school for both sexes. After Abyssinia—Sayo 181 a few months there was a request for a separate school for the girls, and when we arranged to meet the request our little school grew in numbers from eight to eighteen. W e are greatly en­ couraged by this growth and plan for still larger numbers. W e regret that there are no facilities for a boarding school; we realize how much our work with girls and women is hindered by this lack. However, we shall continue to do our very best for those under our care for a few hours a day, praying that the Spirit will bless our efforts to the inspiring of these little girls to noble purpose and right living. This work is being generously supported by friends in America.

MEDICAL

The medical work in Gorei began in March, 1924. A small property on the market-place for this purpose was a gift of the governor of the province.

The missionary personnel consists of Dr. V. F. Dougherty, in charge of the medical department for the time covered by this report, with the exception of the last six months, when he was on furlough; Miss Viola Bayne, R. N., assisted him the first six months of 1928. Miss Elizabeth McKibben, R. N., of Sayo, carried on the work alone four months after the doctor had left on furlough. The present budget, exclusive of salaries, is $2,500, half of which is raised on the field. Medical work had to be discontinued for various reasons on several occasions during this period of three years. Yet the service rendered has steadily increased. All patients and their friends listen to the word of God daily. Bibles and portions of Scripture are sold and many free pamphlets written in the native language have been distributed.

SAYO (1919)

The town of Sayo, or Dumbi Dolo—as it is called by native resi­ dents—is the chief town of Walago Province. The capital of the pro­ vince, Tabor, is not far from Sayo. It lies in the extreme western section of Abyssinia, not far from the Sudan border.

The Western Abyssinia slations link up with the line of Mission stations that extend from Lower Egypt clear through to the Southern Sudan. While this line is far from solid, there are at least occasional lighthouses along the Nile Valley and its tributaries, the White Nile, Sobat and Baro. 182 Abyssinia— Sayo

Missionaries: Rev. and Mrs. Bruce B. Buchanan, Mr. and Mrs. D. C. Henry, Dr. and Mrs. J. S. Maxwell, the Misses Isabel Blair and Eliza­ beth McKibben, R. N>

Equipment: Four missionary dwellings, three of which are temporary in construction, with grass roofs; a compound of nearly 200 acres; a combined schoolhouse and church building with grass roof of cheap construction; a combined storeroom and workshop similar to the schoolhouse and church; a stone building with a metal roof, used as a clinic.

EVANGELISTIC

Sabbath School and church attendance has fluctuated. In 1928 the attendance was 208; the following year it dropped a little. For 1930 the average in Sabbath School was 220 and in church 223. Many more are within easy reach of our sendees if they can be interested. For a while some of our native resi­ dents grew careless in attendance, but the native council, com­ posed of seven of the older men, took things in hand and en­ forced compulsory attendance. We were glad they did this, for surely all our people ought to attend if not prevented by illness. One of our native friends said: “ It is not right to steal God’s time.” During the past two years stress has been put on the vil­ lage work. Two teams have persistently worked in the territory adjacent to Sayo and the missionary has often labored here too. Included in this effort is the endeavor to reach the porters of Burka Badessa, Geireicho and Suki Soyu. Hundreds of men hear the gospel in these places. Many of these porters have families and so the message spreads far and near. In village meetings we usually reach the whole family and neighbors as well. The gospel must be given in its simplicity. Pray that it may be given in love and effectiveness! Hada Nessie, our faithful Bible woman, has also been reaching a good many women and children in the villages, where they listen to her with respect and interest. W e have asked the Women’s Board to assume her support.

Another way in which women are reached is in the Sab­ bath afternoon services. Miss Blair and a dozen of our native women go to various places from week to week. The native women usually take turns as leaders, giving genuine testimonies as to what the Lord has done for them. W e greatly appreciate what they do in this quiet w ay; we know that God will bless their efforts. Many people in and about Sayo have had oppor­ tunity to turn to Christ. Abyssinia— Sayo 183

There are other volunteer workers in addition to the wo­ men mentioned above. Sabbath afternoon about twenty of our young- men and boys go to Dumbi Dolo to help in the meeting there. This service is conducted wherever we can find even a half suitable place. The Mission has no property in the town so it is necessary to use the porch of a Greek shop. This service is attended by about forty or forty-five natives in addition to our Mission folk. An evangelistic plea is made at every service.

During the triennium several out-stations’ schools have been conducted from time to time. At present five of these little schools are open. It is difficult to conceive a form of mis­ sionary work in which boys of an impressionable age are reach­ ed in a more effective and economical manner. These schools are vital Christian centers; in many cases the boys who attend them are daily in contact with the gospel and would otherwise know little or nothing about it. The cost to the Mission of main­ taining these schools is low, being less than $1.00 per boy for a term of six months. The boys in our best schools have learned considerable Scripture and also a few songs of praise. It was a pleasure to hear these boys recite in concert, verse after verse, on a recent Sabbath. These lads walked seven miles in and seven miles back to take part in the service. Gutei has lately been doing extra work; on Sabbath he has gone to a community four or five miles from his village (the place being eight or ten miles from Sayo). The people have turned out well for these informal services.

During these three years the evangelistic man has taught' Bible in the day school. These two Bible classes have afforded a worthwhile contact with the boys. This past year the classes did very good work and mastered a great deal of The Acts.

The year 1930 has seen quite an increase in the sale of Scriptures. In the market and on trips, 516 Bible and portions were sold. AVhile this may not seem a great number, it should be remembered that illiteracy runs extremely high here. W e sold sixteen Bibles, twenty-eight New Testaments, fifty-two Four Gospels, 210 single Gospels, 197 diglot Gospels of John in the Galla and Amharic tongue, and others thirteen in num­ ber. In addition to this, six religious books were sold and 145 alphabet cards.

Sayo is a station as yet without a church building. The schoolhouse is used for services but no congregation should be content to do this indefinitely. A chapel would be a great asset to our meetings. 184 A byssinia-r—Sayo

A new departure was made by having a monthly service for European residents. These meetings have been attended by twelve and thirteen Europeans. The work among our women living on the hilltop has been pushed by Mrs.-Buchanan. A Bible class for them is held three times a week, and on Friday evenings a prayer service is held, which is led by a native woman. Mrs. Henry and Miss Bayne have conducted meetings for Juniors, and the meetings have been well attended and the results are very encouraging. For church music, we are indebted to Dr. and Mrs. Max­ well and Miss Blair. Mrs. Maxwell presides at the organ, Miss Blair leads the singing and Dr. Maxwell’s voice has helped greatly. Last, but not least, is the evangelistic touring. Thus far, only a little start has been m ade; in 1930 three trips were taken. We hope to make many more and longer gospel treks as time goes on. Thus far, the gospel has been taught in Amara, Jimma, Gedami, Abotei and two places in Briaou’s country. We hope to return to these towns and to reach many other places also. On these trips the gospel is taught twice daily, Scriptures are sold, sometimes simple remedies are dispensed, our schools and medical work are advertised, friendships are made, and Christ is upheld. Dr. Maxwell cooperated on the Gedami trip.

EDUCATIONAL

During the first nine months of the furlough of Miss Isabel Blair, the teacher at Sayo, the Girls’ Boarding School was cared for by Miss Elizabeth McKibben, R. N .; two of the older girls doing the teaching. Mrs. Ruth L. Walker, being in Sayo the first six months of 1928, carried on our girls’ school work. The next three months again a nurse, Miss Viola Bayne, looked after our girls. We appreciate very much the help of these fel­ low workers in our station. In January of 1929 our school was ordered closed but in June we were permitted by the Central Government to reopen it. In August the governor again closed our school, saying he said he did not interpret the permit to mean that we could have school. At that time there was talk of a Government school. Finally, in September, word came from the Central Government allowing us to open school. With joy we reopened the Girls’ Boarding School in October, 1929. We had an average of eight girls in the dormitory; twelve was the largest number. In ad­ Abyssinia—Sayo 185 dition to these we had seven girls coming to day school, not many, but since wTe depend on gifts from friends and the little tuition we can get from the Abyssinians, we are not dis­ couraged. Desire for the education of girls is still to be created in Abyssinia. We have been greatly aided recently by new books pub­ lished in Amharic by the government press. Of special im­ portance is a geography with colored maps. This fills a long standing need. We have found it advisable to purchase a small printing press to do such printing as we cannot well secure from other sources. At present, in cooperation with the evangelistic de­ partment, we are printing in Galla a message on the back of the regular weekly Sabbath School cards. Native boys are rapidly learning to do much of this work. A teacher of Geez, the language of the ancient Ethiopic Church, has been added to our teaching staff. Most teaching in native schools centers around this language, which bears the same relationship to Amharic that Latin does to English. In the past, boys educated in our school have not later been able to prepare for the priesthood without first acquiring a knowl­ edge of Geez. W7e are teaching the Geez so correlated with the Amharic that they learn its meaning. W e are greatly aided in this by the diglot Geez-Amharic Gospels published by the British and Foreign Bible Society. Most of the boys in the boarding school are poor; they help support themselves by work half of the day, in farm labor, cheese making, weaving or carpentry. During the past year we have also had a few boys who have paid full tuition and so have been in school both morning and afternoon. This is very desir­ able ; we believe that as parents come to understand the value of education there will be a growing tendency for them to pay for their children and so make it possible for them to obtain the best.

MEDICAL

The year 1928 opened with Miss McKibben in charge, nobly carrying on a well developed medical work in which she was associated with Dr. P. E. Gilmor until he was forced home by failing health. Early in 1929 reports reached Sayo of the good news of a new doctor for the Sayo work. He was Dr. Harold Black who was to marry Miss Jean Hall and come out in the spring of 1929. They were studying in the special School of Tropical 186 Abyssinia— Summary of Statistics

Medicine in London when Mrs. Black’s health failed and an­ other fine medical missionary was thus lost to the whole work on the field. It is worth mention that these men are never really lost to the whole work. Already Dr. Black has interested friends and they have given an electric light plant to Sayo. Dr. J. S. Maxwell, formerly of Nasser, arrived at Sayo September 28, 1929. Since then the medical work has been quietly picking up and has ministered to many of the sick in Western Abyssinia in the last half of this triennium. Miss E. McKibben, R. N., has faithfully carried on here, doing a most acceptable piece of missionary nursing. In the fall of 1930 the First Church, N. S. Pittsburgh, which supports Dr. Maxwell, gave $12,000 for the erection of a me­ morial to their pastor’s wife who died in 1929. It is to be The Mrs. Jean R. Orr Memorial 'Hospital. No one can imagine the amount of good which can be done in this adequate and efficient little hospital building. It will be the first hospital erected under the work of the Foreign Board in Abyssinia.

SUMMARY OF STATISTICSf ABYSSINIA I. FIELD 1928 1929 1930 Area in Square M ile s ...... 350,000 350,000 350,000 Population ...... 10,000,000 10,000,000 10,000,000 Christian Community ...... 12,630 12,630 12,630 II. WORKERS FOREIGN: Under regular appointment— Ordained m en ...... 3 3 2 Unordained men ...... 6 7 7 Unmarried women ...... 6 9 10 W ives ...... 8 9 8

Total Foreign Workers ...... 23 28 28 NATIVE: Unordained men ...... 16 18 53 Women workers ...... 2 1 9

Total Native W orkers ...... 18 19 62 III. W O R K 1. CHURCH STATISTICS: Groups of Believers ...... 6 13 7 Sabbath Schools ...... 3 3 3 Enrollment ...... 464 350 429 Young People’s Societies ...... 1 2 3 Members ...... 20 70 80 f Abyssinia being a new field the statistics in this report are more or less incomplete. Abyssinia—Summary of Statistics 187

1928 1929 1930 EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS: Primary and Elementary Schools ____ 3 11 2 Enrollment ...... ,...... 201 216 120 Total Number of Schools...... 3 11 2 Total Enrollment ...... 201 216 120 Total Christian Students ...... 141 173 109 Total Native Staff...... 14 18 9 Total Christian Teachers 14 18 9

MEDICAL STATISTICS: Foreign Physicians ...... 3 4 4 Nurses and Others ...... 2 f- 6 7 Total Foreign Staff...... 3 10 11 Native Helpers ...... 2 5 46 Hospitals ...... 2 3 3 Dispensaries ...... 2 3 3 Beds in Hospitals ...... 80 74 103 In-patients ...... 793 1,066 1,480 Total Patients ...... * 13,370 19,126 Major Operations ...... 54 44 67

LITERATURE: Colporteurs and Shop Men ...... * 1 4 Reading Rooms ...... 1 * * Bibles and Portions Sold ...... 65 202 568 Religious Books Sold ...... * 7 11

INCOME FROM NATIVE SOURCES: From Native Church ...... * $15 $54 From Educational W ork ...... * 63 217 From Industrial W ork ...... $112 40 200 From Medical Work ...... 3,550 3,860 7,609 From Book W ork ...... * * 69

Total Raised on Field ...... $3,662 $3,978 $8,149

* Not Reported. 188 Summary of Statistics of All Fields

SUMMARY OF STATISTICS FOR ALL FIELDS

I. FIELD 1928 1929 1930 Area in Square M ile s ...... 1,403,154 1,403,154 1,403,154 Population ...... 32,036,756 32,036,756 32,083,364 Christian Community...... 151,543 151,043 161,538 II. WORKERS FOREIGN: Ordained Men ...... 84 72 69 Unordained Men ...... 30 35 31 Unmarried W om en ...... 133 140 140 W ives ...... 109 102 95 Under Short Term Appointment___ 85 98 97

Total Foreign W orkers ...... 441 447 432

NATIVE: Ordained Men ...... 190 201 215 Licentiates ...... 40 35 31 Unordained Men ...... 1,127 1,150 1,113 Women Workers ...... 607 676 716

Total Native Workers ...... 1,964 2,062 2,075 III. W O R K 1. CHURCH STATISTICS: Synods ...... 2 2 2 Presbyteries ...... 11 11 11 Organized Congregations ...... 223 236 246 Unorganized Groups of Believers .... 292 582 591 Self-supporting Congregations ...... 118 120 124 Elders ...... 552 576 583 Communicants ...... 62,852 64,411 65,627 Increase by Profession ...... 3,583 3,076 3,500 Net Increase ...... 1,559 1,212 Net Decrease ...... 360 .... Sabbath Schools ...... 374 393 ' 377 Enrollment ...... 28,294 29,162 29,130 Young People’s Societies ...... 137 142 138 Members ...... 5,826 6,111 6,030 Missionary Societies ...... 145 149 134 Members ...... 6,556 6,497 5,711 2. EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS: Theological Seminaries ...... 2 2 2 Enrollment ...... 53 38 33 Colleges ...... 3 3 3 Enrollment ...... 1,385 1,572 1,698 High Schools ...... 12 13 .13 Enrollment ...... 5,716 5,617 3,172 Grade Schools ...... 29 29 31 Enrollment ...... 5,059 4,893 5,547 Primary Schools ...... 349 383 332 Enrollment ...... 21,363 20,969 20,429 Summary of Statistics of All Fields 189 1928 1929 1930 Industrial and Commercial Schools .. 3 3 2 Enrollment ...... 124 131 85 Total Number of Schools ...... 398 433 383 Total Enrollment ...... 33,700 33,294 30,986 Total Christian Students...... 19,716 19,852 19,413 Native Instructors ...... 1,257 1,332 1,255 Native Christian Instructors ...... 948 961 943

. MEDICAL STATISTICS: Foreign Physicians ...... 16 16 16 Foreign Nurses and Others...... 34 36' 34 ----- . . ■ Total Foreign Staff ...... 50 52 50 Native Physicians ...... 9 8 7 Native Nurses and Others ...... 151 137 219 ____ .... ■ Total Native Staff...... 160 145 226 Hospitals ...... 9 12 12 Dispensaries ...... 15 16 20 Beds in Hospitals ...... 533 545 577 In-patients ...... 7,823 7,461 8,150 Total Patients ...... 143,956 142,740 125,415 Major Operations ...... 1,581 1,645 1,752

. *BOOK WORK: Reading Rooms ...... 19 20 16 Colporteurs and Shop Men ...... 17 17 19 Bibles and Portions Sold ...... 17,832 13,708 17,400 Religious Books Sold ...... 3,368 12,496 3,575 . INCOME FROM NATIVE SOURCES: From the Native Church ...... $148,588 $175,467 $148,157 From Educational W ork ...... 371,347 341,035 436,174 From Medical Work ...... 74,837 67,390 66,102 From Book W ork ...... 671 601 656 From Industrial Work ...... 23,547 18,176 19,234

Total Raised on the F ie ld ...... $618,990 $596,708 $670,323

* Literature work in Egypt largely through cooperative agencies. 190 Financial Summary FINANCIAL SUMMARY Receipts Applicable on Appropriation: 1929 1930 1931 Presbyteries ...... $367,611.74 $370,589.57 $352,469.30 Sabbath Schools ______10,231.74 10,031.39 7,584.11 Individuals ...... 24,285.86 27,003.43 23,330.45 Young People’s Societies ______990.67 2,157.90 2,305.30 Foreign Conservation Fund ______1,578.96 Budget Victory D ay ------26.83 Gorei Station ...... 7,600.00 7,872.55 7,000.00 Bequests 31,361.85 80,504.88 31,055.82 Matured Annuities, net ...... 298.75 5,815.81 Endowed Funds Income ______5,625.57 7,153.65 8,334.84 New World Movement Fund ...... 72.34 813.32 4,375.94 4,889.71 5,480.80 Field Balances applicable to the fiscal year: E gypt.... 4,328.00 7,458.68 622.45 14,000.00 5,240.00 2,785.72 2,530.37 1,800.00 4,500.00 3,766.96 1,688.12 6,124.67 Supplementary Fund ...... 74,618.26 6,639.73 19,692.65 Seventieth Anniversary Fund ...... 234.20 Abyssinia Advance made year ended April 30, 1928 .. 7,032.86 White Gift Fund —...... 9,861.02 17,221.95 Dr. and Mrs. H oward J. S. Buchanan B ook Account 256.32 Dr. Howard J. S. Buchanan Medical Equipment Fund 1,992.00 1,992.00 Miscellaneous Donations Prior to May 1, 1929 ...... 321.20 New Concord, Ohio, Furlough House Income ...... — 2,862.60

Total Receipts on Appropriation ...... $560,570.90 $551,275.96 $494,175.98 Deficit in Budget Receipts ------...... 54,184.79 57,600.08

$614,755.69 $551,776.06 Not Applicable on Appropriation : Women’s Board ...... - ...... $320,379.16 $380,858.47 $316,688.67 Endowed Funds, Principal ...... 120,671.59 237,692.71 66,648.18 Endowed Funds, Income ...... -...... 39,345.87 45,250.09 41,820.23 Miscellaneous Funds ------57,415.24 120,958.54 78,967.25 New World Movement Funds ...... 9,247.00 9,247.00 8,433.68 Investments and Loans ...... 156,829.80 156,051.96 197,190.52 $1,318,644.35 $1,501,334.73 $1,261,524.59 Less Deficit for year per schedule above ...... 54,184.79 57,600.08

Total from all Sources ...... - ...... $1,264,459.56 $1,501,334.73 $1,203,924.51 Excess of Foreign Field checks payable in transit over cash in bank April 30th ------23,685.74 592.53 36,761.00

$1,288,145.30 $1,501,927.26 $1,240,685.51 Disbursements Egypt Mission ...... $242,599.21 $220,152.70 $210,604.31 India Mission ...... 211,626.70 176,161.28 173,790.39 Sudan Mission ______76,561.00 63,470.03 59,252.38 Abyssinia Mission ______33,640.05 37,713.24 34,603.90 Miscellaneous ______21,449.05 22,793.14 43,152.99 Administrative ...... 28,879.68 27,600.20 27,473.12 New Missionaries’ Account ------2,898.97 $614,755.69 $"$47,890.59 $551,776.06 Excess of Receipts over Disbursements ------3,385.37 $551,275.96 Women’s Board on Appropriation $320,373.35 $380,858.47 $316,688.67 Endowed Funds, Principal 7,228.00 16,900.00 5,000.00 Special Endowed Funds, Income . 34,226.33 38,290.93 39,978.69 Special Donations ...... 37,714.55 35,382.65 47,455.52 New World Movement Funds----- 9,688.18 9,372.00 7,717.94 Miscellaneous Funds ------12,927.02 27,546.88 49,555.35 Investments and Loans ------238,451.00 422,000.00 221,920.75 $1,481,626.89 Less excess of Receipts over Disbursements ------3,385.37 Total Disbursements ...... $1,275,364.12 $1,478,241.52 $1,240,092.98 Excess of Foreign Field Checks payable in transit ^ mo a over cash in bank beginning of fiscal year ------12,781.18 23,685.74 592.53 $1,288,145.30 $1,501,927.26 $1,240,685.51

This report is based on the fiscal year ended April 30th of the year shown, while the other contents of the report are based on the calendar year. Our Educational Institutions 191

OUR EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

In our four fields there are 383 schools, with an enrollment of 30,986 pupils. Only those of high school grade or above or special schools are here mentioned.

IN EG YPT Theological Seminary and School for Evangelists (Cairo) Rev. C. C. Adams, D. D., President of Seminary Faculty Assiut College (Assiut) Prof. Chas. P. Russell, Ph. D., LL. D., President College for Girls (Cairo) Miss Helen J. Martin, Principal Ecbekiya School for Boys (Cairo) Rev. E. E. Elder, D. D., Ph. D., Principal Alexandria Commercial School for Boys (Alexandria) Mr. W. W. Nolin, Principal Alexandria Central School for Girls (Alexandria) Miss Ida Leota Cabeen, Principal Ezbekiya Boarding School for Girls (Cairo) Miss E. Roxy Martin, Principal Luxor Boarding School for Girls (Luxor) Miss Ida Whiteside, Principal Pressly Memorial Institute for Girls (Assiut) Miss Anna B. Criswell, Principal

IN IN D IA Theological Seminary and Training School (Gujranwala) Rev. Harris J. Stewart, D. D., President of the Faculty Gordon College for Men (Rawalpindi) Rev. E. L. Porter, D. D., President Kinnaird College for Women (By affiliation— Lahore) John and Jane Denham Memorial High School for Girls (Pathankot) Miss E. Josephine Martin, Principal Christian Training Institute for Boys (Sialkot) Rev. Osborne Crowe, Manager Boys’ Industrial Home (Gujranwala) Mr. F. A. Whitfield, Manager Nelson Pratt School (Martinpur) Rev. S. C. Picken, Manager There are four City High Schools for Boys: Gujranwala—Prof. W. H. Merriam, Manager (closed in 1929) Rawalpindi—Prof. W. J. Downs, Manager Jhclum— Rev. A. W. Gordon, Manager (closed in 1930) Dharizval—Prof. C. A. Stewart, Manager

IN THE SUDAN Girls’ Boarding School (Khartum North) Miss Una Coie, Principal Boys’ Industrial Home (Gereif) Mr. James P. McKnight, Principal 192 Our Medical Institutions

OUR MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS

IN EG YPT Assiut Hospital Present Staff: H. L. Finlev. M. D., H. K. Giffen, M. D., F. C. McClanahan, M. D., N. B. Whitcomb, M. D. Martha McKeown Hospital (T ant a) Present Staff: A. F. Grant, M. D., Harry S. Hutchison, M. D., W . T. Moore, M. D., Rev. W. B. Jamison (evangelistic) Benha Clinic Miss May Holland, nurse in charge

IN IN D IA Good Samaritan Hospital (Jhelum) Miss Jessie P. Simpson, M. D., in charge White Memorial Hospital ( Pasrur) Miss Maria W hite, M. D., in charge Memorial Hospital (Sialkot) Present Staff: Miss Reba C. Hunsberger, M. D., Miss Faith W. Reed, M. D. Mary B. Reid Memorial Hospital (Sargodha) Miss Laurella G. Dickson, in charge Taxila Hospital J. Gregory Martin, M. D., in charge Elliott Dispensary (Pathankot) Miss Eleanor Maconachie, nurse in charge Malakwal Dispensary Dr. James, Indian doctor in charge Bhera Dispensary Miss Emma Stauffer, nurse in charge

IN THE SUDAN Shrader Memorial Hospital (Khartum North) Present Staff: none Doleib Hill Present Staff: none Nasser Miss C. Blanche Soule, R. N., Miss Ray H. Huffman, R. X.

IN ABYSSINIA George Memorial Hospital (Addis Ababa) Present Staff: A. W. Pollock, M. D., Stuart Bergsma, M. D. Gorei Virgil Dougherty, M. D., in charge Sayo Joseph S. Maxwell, M. D., in charge Indigenous Church Organisation 193

INDIGENOUS CHURCH ORGANIZATION

THE SYNOD OF THE NILE

Assiut Presbytery...... 57 congregations The Delta Presbytery...... 21 “ Middle Egypt Presbytery...... 35 “ The Sudan Presbytery ...... 2 “ Thebes Presbytery ...... 21 “

Total, 5 presbyteries...... 135 congregations

Of the 135 congregations, 53 are self-supporting Total membership, 20,040

THE SYNOD OF THE PUNJAB

Gujranwala Presbytery...... 28 congregations Gurdaspur Presbytery ...... 11 “ Lyallpur Presbytery...... 10 “ Rawalpindi Presbytery ...... 9 “ Sargodha Presbytery ...... 11 “ Sialkot Presbytery ...... 39 “

Total, 6 presbyteries...... 108 congregations

Of the 108 congregations, 71 are self-supporting Total membership, 45,002 Total church membership in all our fields...... 65,627 Total Christian community ...... 161,538 Total church contributions...... $148,157 Total funds raised for all purposes...... $670,323 194 General Information

GENERAL INFORMATION

Correspondence

Address all correspondence for information to the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church, Schaff Building, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. All correspondence pertaining to finances should be addressed to Robert L. Latimer, Esq., Treasurer, 24 North Front Street, Philadel­ phia, Pa. Postage

To Egypt, India, The Sudan and Ethiopia (Abyssinia). Letters, 5 cents for the first ounce, and 3 cents more for each additional ounce. Post cards, United States Government, 2 cents; picture post cards, 3 cents. Newspapers, periodicals, books and other printed matter, 2 ounces for 1 cent, with a maximum weight of four pounds, six ounces. Books, single volumes, accepted at above rate; weight limit six pounds, eight ounces. Registration fee on letters, 15 cents in addition to post­ age and 5 cents additional if return receipt is requested.

Parcel Post to the Fields

Parcel Post to Egypt: Rate, 14 cents a pound, up to and including twenty-two pounds, covering all grades of merchandise. Parcels must be sealed and two customs tags attached, one form No. 2,966, one form No. 2,972, and copy of invoice showing values of articles. Parcel Post to The Sudan: Rate, 14 cents a pound, up to and includ­ ing eleven pounds, covering all grades of merchandise. Parcels must be sealed, packed in tin, wood, canvas, linen or similar material and not merely in brown paper or cardboard. Three customs tags, two form No. 2,966, and one form No. 2,972, with copy o f invoice showing values must be attached to each package. Parcel Post to India: Rate, 14 cents a pound, up to and including twenty pounds, with an additional transit charge for rehandling ship­ ment through Continent of 48 cents for the first pound to $1.98 for twenty pounds. Three customs tags, two form No. 2,966, and one form No. 2,972 must be attached to each package. Parcel Post to Ethiopia (Abyssinia): Rate: 14 cents a pound up to and including twenty-two pounds, with a transit charge in addition to postage varying from 38 cents for the first pound to $1.30 for twenty- second pound. Four customs tags are required, one form No. 2,972 and two form No. 2,967, and one form No. 2,966. Air Mail to Egypt, The Sudan and India: For rates, consult your local post office. Mails close at London Post Office for this service 6 a. m. Saturdays. Officers of the Board Since Organization 195

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD SINCE ORGANIZATION

P r e s id e n t s 1859-71 Rev. Jos. T. Cooper, D. D. 1871-93 “ W . W . Barr, D. D. 1893-1923 “ M. G. Kyle, D. D., LL. D. 1923- “ W . M. Anderson, D. D.

C orresponding S e c r e t a r ie s 1859-93 Rev. J. B. Dales, D. D. 1893-1902 “ W . W . Barr, D. D. 1902-16 “ Chas. R. W atson, D. D., LL. D. 1916- “ W . B. Anderson, D. D., LL., D.

R ec or din g S e c r e t a r ie s 1859-66 Rev. F. Church 1866-68 “ T. H. Hanna, D. D. 1868-71 “ F. Church 1871-74 Mr. S. C. Huey 1874-76 Rev. J. C. W ilson 1876-78 Mr. Joseph D. M cKee 1878-80 Rev. J. B. Whitten 1880-82 “ R. Stewart, D. D. 1882-96 “ D. W . Collins, D. D. 1896- “ C. S. Cleland, D. D.

T r e a s u r e r s 1859-74 Mr. Thos. B. Rich 1874-79 W illiam H. Getty 1879-93 “ Joseph D. M cKee 1893- “ Robert L. Latimer

A s s o c ia t e S e c r e t a r ie s 1909-11 Rev. W . B. Anderson, D. D. 1911-14 Mr. George Innes 1913-14 Rev. Paul H. McClanahan 1914-16 “ W . B. Anderson, D. D, 1915-16 “ Neal D. McClanahan 1916-17 “ James K. Quay 1918- “ Mills J. Taylor, D. D.

E d u c a t io n a l S e c r e t a r ie s 1906-08 Rev. Earl D. Miller 1914-15 Mr. W . W . Cleland 1915-16 Rev. James K. Quay 1918- Miss Anna A. Milligan 196 Members of the Board Since Organization

MEMBERS OF THE BOARD SINCE

ORGANIZATION

1859-61 Rev. J. T. Pressly, D.D. 1890-1904 Mr. W m . Neely 1859-74 “ J. T. Cooper, D.D. 1893* “ Robt. H. Ferguson 1859-75f “ J. B. Dales, D.D. 1893-1927 Rev. S. G. Fitzgerald 1859-63 “ G. C. Arnold 1893- Mr. Robert L. Latimer 1859-80 “ F. Church 1894-1903 “ Samuel W alker 1859-60 “ H. H. Blair 1894- Rev. C. S. Cleland, D.D. 1859-66 Mr. T. D. Anderson 1895* Mr. Jas. A. Elliott 1859-76 “ S. C. Huey 1896-1903 “ W m . A. Brown 1859-64 “ T. B. Rich 1899- Rev. W . M. Anderson,D.D. 1860-61 Rev. T. H. Beveridge 1903- “ T. B. Turnbull, D.D. 1861-94f “ W. W. Barr, D.D. 1903-20 Mr. John R. M cLean 1861-66 “ James Prestly,D.D. 1903-07 “ Jas. S. McCracken 1863-68 Mr. J. M. W allace 1904* “ Robt. H. Ferguson 1864-95 “ Thos. Stinson 1905-29 “ F. O. Shane 1864-80 “ W m . H. Getty 1907- “ Robert Killough 1866-68 Rev. T. H. Hanna, D.D. 1914-21 “ Geo. Innes 1868-76 “ W . C. Jackson 1914-20 “ James H. Kerr 1868-90 Mr. John Alexander 1921- “ John Jay Brooks 1869-75 Rev. J. M. Hutchinson 1921- “ Samuel Reid 1874-76 “ J. C. W ilson, D.D. 1922-24 Rev. J. Alvin Campbell 1875-90 “ S. G. Fitzgerald 1922- Mr. Joseph M. M orris 1876-93 Mr. Joseph D. M cKee 1923- Rev. James Parker, Ph.D. 1876-83 Rev. J. B. W hitten 1923- “ Samuel Brown 1876-1903 “ James Crowe,D.D. 1923- Mr. J. F. Leupold 1878-93 Mr. Robert T. Elliott 1880-82 Rev. R. Stewart, D.D. 1923* “ E. W . Strain 1882-99 “ D. W . Collins,D.D. 1924- Rev. T. C. Pollock, D.D. 1883-89 “ I. T. W right 1924- Mr. Wm. M. Crowe 1889- “ M. G. K yle,D.D., 1925-28 Rev. E. E. Robb, D.D. L.L.D. 1928- “ W . W . Miller 1890-91 “ W . M. Gibson, D.D. 1930- Mr. R. J. Dodds

* Elected but did not serve. f Became Corresponding Secretary of the Board. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MISSIONARIES D E C E M B E R 31, 1930

IN E X P L A N A T IO N : 1 lie alphabetical list of missionaries which follows is a complete list of allmissionaries who have Wives and Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical received appointment to foreign missionary service under the Hoard of Foreign Missions andthe Wom en’s Board. An attempt has been made to indicate the home congregation in America of each missionary, meaning by home congregation that congregation of which the missionary was a member at the time of application for appointment. VVhen records were incom- P or *-*le ^pphcant was a member of some presbytery, the term home congregation is used to indicate the congregation with which the missionary has been most intimately associated. If the records were confusing or information entirely lacking the home congregation necessarily is indicated undetermined. SIGNS OF REFERENCE: * Married in the Mission (See list pp. 214-224). t Reappointed by the Women’s Hoard. t Aftei husband’s death lcmained on field as honorary missionary. § Missionary associated through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. || Missionary of Foreign Board. if Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (See list pp. 197-213). ** Retired from active service. MEN AND WIVES

I HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY I PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left I 1 Abroad| Home Acheson, Rev. Joseph Willard Rix Mills, Muskingum Egypt 1913 Acheson, Mrs. Alice Bell nee Phillips Union, Monongaliela 1913 Acheson, Rev. Samuel Irvine Olympic Court, Puget Sound it 1924 1930 Acheson, Mrs. Hazel Lenora nee Welker Homewood, Monongahela it 1924 1930 Adair, Rev. William James Winchester, Kansas City Sudan 1920 Adair, Mrs. Lottie Matilda nee Hart Winchester, Kansas City 1920 19 Adams, Rev. Charles Clarence, D. D. First Butler, Butler Egypt 1908 1915 1919 Adams, Mrs. Nellie nee McAuley New Wilmington, Mercer 1908 1915

1919 7 198

HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left _ Abroad! Home **Alexander, Rev. John Romich, D. D. Wooster, Mansfield Egypt 1875 Wives and Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical Alexander, Mrs. Carrie nee Elder Iberia, Mansfield 44 1876 Alter, Rev. David Emmet New Wilmington, Mercer India 1916 Alter, Mrs. Mary Martha nee Payne Mansfield, Mansfield 44 1916 Alter, Rev. Joseph Copley Oakland, San Francisco U 1922 Alter, Mrs. Marjorie nee Ward Oakland, San Francisco “ 1922 Anderson, Rev. John Lowrie New Wilmington, Mercer Sudan 1925 Anderson, Mrs. Margaret Waters nee Bikle (United Lutheran) 44 1925 Anderson, Rev. Wm. Brennan, D. D., LL. D. New Wilmington, Mercer India 1897 1914 Anderson, Mrs. Mary Blanche nee Heidelbaugh (Presbyterian) u 1897 1914 Anderson, Rev. William Thompson, D. D. Shelocta, Conemaugh ii 1891 Anderson, Mrs. Jennie E. nee Given Richmond, Conemaugh 44 1891 1892 * Anderson, Mrs. Minnie C. nee Parks Denver, Colorado 44 1894 Andrew, Rev. William Hume, D. D. Columbus City, Keokuk Trinidad 1851 1851 Andrew, Mrs. Columbus City, Keokuk “ 1851 1851 Ashenhurst, Rev. James Oliver Chase City, Tennessee Egypt 1887 1897 *Ashenhurst, Mrs. Adella nee Brown Loveland, Colorado “ 1892 1897 Ayers, Rev. Ralph Erskine First Everett, Puget’Sound India 1911 1929 *Ayers, Mrs. Violet May nee Scott New Wilmington, Mercer 44 1913 1914 * Ayers, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth nee Lawrence First Columbus, Xenia 44 1915 1929 Bailey, Mr. Ewing Macready Atlantic, College Springs Egypt 1926 Bailey, Mrs. Annette nee Meader (Congregational, England) 44 1926 Baird, Rev. John Milford Allerton, Des Moines 1922 *Baird, Mrs. Clarice Ruby nee Bloomfield Albia, Des Moines 44 1924 Baird, Rev. James Wallace Caledonia, Wisconsin 44 1912 1926 Baird, Mrs. Maude Rebekah nee Edgerton Hanover, Rock Island 44 1912 1926 Ballantyne, Rev. John White, D. D. DeLancey, Delaware India 1895 1915 Ballantyne, Mrs. Blanche nee Collins Second Xenia, Xenia “ 1895 1915 Balph, Mr. Edward Burton Highland New Castle, Beaver Val. 1920 1927 Retired from active service. Married in the Mission (sec list pp. 214-224). HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’ d Left Abroad | Home Banks, Rev. Joseph (Chaplain, W . Pa. Penitentiary) Trinidad 1843 1851 and Wives Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical Barnett, Rev. James, D. D. Mt. Pleasant, First Ohio Syria 1845 1854 Egypt 1854 1875 Barnett, Mrs. Margaret Lees nee Duff Scotch Ridge, Ohio N. W . 1866 1875 *Barr, Rev. Janies Smith, D. D. Pigeon Creek, Chartiers India 1862 Barr, Mrs. Mary E. nee Black Canonsburg, Chartiers U 1862 1905 Beattie, Rev. Ernest Everett Shannon City, College Springs 1923 1929 Beattie, Mrs. Enid Blanche nee McCartney Shannon City, College Springs tt 1923 1929 Bell, Mr. Charles S. Sixth Chicago, Chicago Egypt 1907 1930

*Bell, Mrs. Myra Lindsay nee Boyd St. Clair, Monongahela “ 1907 1930 Bell, William John, M. D. ( Presbyterian) 11 1919 1920 Bell, Mrs. Ellen nee Chesbrough (Presbyterian) “ 1919 1920 Bergsma, Stuart, M. D. (Christian Reformed) Abyssinia 1927 Bergsma, Mrs. Mildred nee Bosma (Christian Reformed) “ 1927 Boyd, Rev. James Howard, D. D. St. Clair, Monongahela Egypt 1902 1927 “ 1928 Boyd, Mrs. Mary nee Herriott (Presbyterian) “ 1902 1927 “ 1928 Brandon, Rev. William John, Ph. D. Evans City, Allegheny India 1900 1911 Brandon, Mrs. H. Lillian nee Campbell (Presbyterian) it 1900 1911 Brown, Rev. Montrose McMichael, M. D. Golden, Monmouth “ 1905 Brown, Mrs. Carrie nee Moyer Golden, Monmouth 1905 Buchanan, Rev. Bruce Brownlee Ninth Ave., Monmouth, Mon. Abyssinia 1923 Buchanan, Mrs. Margrietha nee Kruidenier Second Monmouth, Mon. “ 1923 Buchanan, Howard Joseph S., M. D. Sixth Chicago, Chicago Egypt 1921 Buchanan, Mrs. Vera Maude nee McLaughlin Sixth Chicago, Chicago 1921 Caldwell, Rev. Alexander Brown, D. D. Second Monmouth, Monmouth India 1881 1927 199 Caldwell, Mrs. Amelia Margaret nee Eckert (Presbyterian) “ 1881 1929 Caldwell, Rev. Roswell Walker, D. D. New Concord, Muskingum Egypt 1911 ** Retired from active service. * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). 200

HOME CONOR KG ATTON AN!) Foreign Year , Year Died in Service NAMl' OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTKRY .:¡ Field Ent’ r’d Left Abroad I Home Caldwell, Mrs. Margaret Thompson nee Giffcn St. Clairsville, Wheeling Egypt 1911 Wives and Men Missionaries— of List Alphabetical Campbell, Rev. Everett Eveleth, D. D. Tarkio, College Springs India 1904 Campbell, Mrs. Grace nee Collins Second .Xenia, Xenia 1904 1910 ^Campbell, Mrs. Anna Mary nee Hamilton << Hlairsville, Concmaugh 1915 1928 Campbell, Rev. James Garfield Grove City, Butleiv India 1909 a Campbell, Mrs. Mabel nee Young (Presbyterian) 1909 Carson, Rev. Ralph Erskine North Phila., Philadelphia Egypt 1895 1902 Sudan 1902 1908 H Carson, Mrs. Sarah Clifford nee Baker (Undetermined) 1902 1908 Chambers, Rev. Hubert Clear, D. D. 2nd E. Liverpool, Steubenville India 1903 Chambers, Mrs. Ethel nee Frampton New Wilmington, Mercer 1903 Clements, Rev. Ernest Vinton Unity, Westinorelancl 1912 Clements, Mrs. Sara Emily nee Matthews Mount Prospect, Chartiers 1912 Colvin, Rev. James Harper Nampa, Idaho 1914 a *Colvin, Mrs. Ethel Martin nee W ilson • (Reformed Presbyterian) 1917 Cuventry, Rev. William Ramsey Fran kf o r t, F rank fort Egypt 1900 1918 Coventry, Mrs. Lydia Belle nee Junkin (Presbyterian) 1900 1909 ^Coventry, Mrs. Mary Faye nee Kerr Americus, Kansas City 1914 t 1918 Crabbe, Theodore Frederick, M. D. Second Chicago, Chicago Sudan 1930 << Crabbe, Mrs. Raynetta Marie nee Eisner (English Lutheran) 1930 Crawford, Rev. Frank Nickell Tarkio, College Springs India 1912 1918 Crawford, Mrs. Kate Elizabeth nee Wilson Grove City, Butler “ 1912 1918 Crawford, Rev. John, D. D., M. D. Salem, Argyle Syria 1857 1878 Crawford, Mrs. Mary Beattie nee Stewart Argyle, Argyle “ 1857 1878 Crowe, Rev. Osborne Cambridge, Boston India 1896 Crowe, Mrs. Sarah Jane nee Burns Cambridge, Boston 1896 Cummings, Rev. James Beveridge New Wilmington,' Mercer 1923 U Cummings, Mrs. Dorothy May nee Holliday First Detroit, Detroit. 1923 * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). t Reappointed by the Women’s Board. HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRES1! YTERY Field Ent’r’d | Left ______. 1 Abroadj Home Cummings, Rev. Robert Wallace New Wilmington, Mercer India 1920 1927 Wives and Men Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical Cummings, Mrs. Mildred nee McCullagh Sixth Pittsburgh, Monongahela ■t 1920 1927 Cummings, Rev. Thomas Fulton, D. D. New Wilmington, Mercer 1889 1907 Cummings, Mrs. Anna Abigail nee Wallace Bellaire, Wheeling 1889 1907 Currie, Rev. Ebenezer Caesar’s Creek, Xenia Egypt 1865 1869 Currie, Mrs. Nettie nee Parry Monmouth, Monmouth 1865 1866 Dougherty, Virgil Frank, M. D. (Methodist Episcopal) Abyssinia 1925 Dougherty, Mrs. Theodosia Irene nee Kernodle (Methodist Episcopal) 1925 Downs, Prof. Wallace Jacoby Greenville, Lake India 1920 Downs, Mrs. Caroline Packard nee Rice Greenville, Lake 1920 Duff, Prof. David Franklin New Concord, Muskingum Egypt 1922 1924 Duff, Mrs. Ella nee Clark New Concord, Muskingum 1922 1924 Edie, Rev. Raymond Leone Coila, Argyle Sudan 1917 Edie, Mrs. Am y May nee Armstrong (Baptist) “ 1917 Elder, Rev. Earl Edgar, D. D., Ph. D. Albia, Des Moines Egypt 1915 Elder. Mrs. Orplia Ellen nee Nesbitt (Presbyterian) 1915 Ewing, Rev. Samuel Currie, D. D. Bethel, W ’m ’d Co. Westmoreland “ 1860 1908 :Ewing, Mrs. Catherine Ann nee Bradford Canonsburg, Chartiers “ 1860 1922 Fairman, Rev. Walter Trotter (Baptist, England) “ 1920 Fairman, Mrs. Mary Amelia ( Baptist, England) “ 1920 Fee, Mr. Dwight Humphrey Canonsburg, Char tiers t( 1921 1926 Fee, Mrs. Naomi Lucille nee Brockman Canonsburg, Char tiers U 1921 1926 Fife, Rev. Elmer Ellsworth West Beaver, Steubenville India 1889 1896 Fife, Mrs. Mary Stewart nee Theakcr (Presbyterian) “ 1889 1896 Finley, Mr. Harry DaCosta New Concord, Muskingum Sudan 1925 Finle)r, Mrs. Wanda Marie nee White New Concord, Muskingum 1925

Finley, Harry Lincoln, M. D. Pawnee City, Pawnee Egypt 1906 201 Finley, Mrs. Grace Gowdy nee Rankin Pawnee City, Pawnee 1906 Finley, Rev. Leander New Concord, Muskingum Egypt 1925 1928 Sudan 1928 t After husband’s death remained on field as honorary missionary. 202

HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left Abroad | Home Finley, Mrs. Miriam nee White New Concord, Muskingum Egypt 1925 1928 Wives and Missionaries—Men of List Alphabetical Sudan 1928 Finney, Rev. Thomas Johnson, D. D. Mansfield, Mansfield Egypt 1882 1915 Finney, Mrs. Nannie McClenahan Antrim, Muskingum 1882 t 1915 1926 Foster, Rev. Robert Alexander Shushan, Argyle India 1923 a Foster, Mrs. Aurel Lenore nee Anderson New Wilmington, Mercer 1923 Frazier, Rev. James Adair Cherry Fork, First Ohio Syria 1851 1863 it Frazier, Mrs. Elizabeth nee Stewart Hamilton. First Ohio 1851 1851 it Frazier, Mrs. Joanna nee Stephensen Sidney, Sidney 1854 1863 Galloway, Rev. Dalton Amity, Cedar Rapids Egypt 1913 Galloway, Mrs. Estella Cherry nee Kyle Wheatland. Chicago 1913 Gephardt, Mr. Henry Benjamin Arkansas City, Arkansas Valley Sudan 1920 Gephardt, Mrs. Anna Mae nee Hart Arkansas City, Arkansas Valley 1920 Giffcn, Rev. Bruce Johnston First Xenia, Xenia Egypt 1903 1906 it Giffen, Rev. Elliott Morrison St. Clairsville, Wheeling 1890 1907 it Giffen, Mrs. Franc nee Martin Clear Fork, Muskingum 1890 1907 ti Giifen, Horace Kerr, M. D. New Concord, Muskingum 1927 Giffen, Mrs. Helen Juliet nee Brown New Concord, Muskingum ** 1927 Giffen, Rev. John, D. D. St. Clairsville Wheeling U 1875 1922 it ^Giffen, Mrs. Mary E. nee Galloway (Asso. Ref. Synod of the South) 1876 1881 *Giffen, Mrs. Elizabeth Elmira nee Newlin Martin’s Ferry, Wheeling 1883 1922 Giifen, Rev. John Kelly, D. D. St. Clairsville, Wheeling it 1881 1900 Sudan 1900 Giffen, Mrs. Grace nee Henderson New Athens, Wheeling Egypt 1881 1900 Sudan 1900 Gillespie, Rev. William Dwight 2nd Cambridge, Muskingum Egypt 1925 1930 Gillespie, Mrs. Ruth Belle nee Mitchell 2nd Cambridge, Muskingum 1925 1930 t Reappointed by the Women’s Board. * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). HOME CONGREGATION AND | Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY | Field Ent’r’d Left 1 Abroad | Home Gilmor, Paul Emerson, M. D. Third Washington, Chartiers I Sudan 1918 1920 Wives and Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical Abyssinia 1922 1926 Gilmor, Mrs. Esther Margaret nee McCracken Sixth Pittsburgh, Monongahela I Sudan 1918 1920 Abyssinia 1922 1926 Gilmor, Rev. William Preston Third Washington, Chartiers | Egypt 1912 *Gilmor, Mrs. Lois Antoinette nee McCracken Sixth Pittsburgh, Monongahela ! “ 1922 Gordon, Rev. Andrew, D. D. Johnstown, Albany I Tndia 1855 1864 “ 1875 1887 Gordon, Mrs. Rebecca Campbell nee Smith (Undetermined) ' I “ 1855 1864 “ 1875 1887 Gordon, Rev. Andrew Walker " 1923 First St. Louis. Southern, 111. I It Gordon, Mrs. Elizabeth nee Finley 1923 Gordon, Rev. David New Concord, Muskingum I Trinidad 1843 1844 Gordon, Mrs. Salem, Argvle I << 1843 1845 Gordon, Rev. David Reed, D. D. (Undetermined) | 2nd Cedar Rapids, Cedar Rapids ) India 1895 Gordon, Mrs. Grace nee Williamson 1895 Gordon, Mr. James Wallace 2nd Xenia, Xenia I “ 1866 1871 Gordon, Mrs. Eleanor lone nee Dougall Johnstown, Albany I “ 1866 1871 Gordon, Rev. Livingstone Albert Tohnstown, Albany | Egypt 1922 *Gordon, Mrs. Sara Margaret nee Adair First Newark, Hudson ! 1925 Grant, Andrew Fowler, M. D. Bristol, Colorado | 1904 Grant, Mrs. Harriet nee Hopkins Lenox, College Springs I (Baptist) | 1904 Grice, Rev. Edward Everett Hoopeston, Chicago | 1923 Grice, Mrs. Mary Esther nee Yundt Hoopeston, Chicago | 1923 Guthrie, Mr. Cuthbert Burrell Coin, College Springs Sudan 1908 1924 *Guthric, Mrs. Anna Mary nee Barackman North Shenango, Lake 1912 1925 Hart, Rev. Samuel Gilkerson, D. D. 203 Third Pittsburgh, Monongahela Egypt 1892 Hart, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth nee Rose Calcutta, Steubenville “ 1892 1926 Harvey, R ev. William, D. D. First Detroit, Detroit______“ 1865 1908 * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). 204

HOME CONGREGATION AND I' 0 reign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’ r’d Left .. . . Abroadl Home

tHarvey, Mrs. Henrietta Maria nee Lee First Detroit, Detroit Egypt "1865“ 1928 Wives and Missionaries—Men of List Alphabetical Hattie, Alexander, M. D. (Undetermined) Syria 1857 1860 Heasty, Rev. John Alfred Chikaskia, Arkansas Valley Sudan 1920 Heasty, Mrs. Hannah Moore nee Adams Ewing, Omaha “ 1920 Heinrich, Rev. John Charles Oakda 1 e, M 0110n gabe 1 a India 1915 Heinrich, Mrs. Jessie B. nee Kneff hirst Akron, Cleveland “ 19.15 Henderson, Rev. Fayette Douglas Amity, Mansfield Egypt 1906 Henderson, Mrs. Allie Geno nee Sterling Second, Monmouth, Monmouth 1911 Henry, Mr. Duncan Chester Coldfield, Cedar Rapids Abyssinia 1922 Henry, Mrs. Emma Frances nee Handy Goldfield, Cedar Rapids 1922 **Henry, Vellora Meek, M. D. ldana, Concordia Egypt 1891 Henry, Mrs. Capitola Eva nee Hamilton Idana, Concordia 1891 Hickman, William W'eldon, I’h. D. Sixth Chicago, Chicago U 1909 Hickman, Mrs. Alice nee Elder Albia, Des Moines “ 1909 Hill, Rev. Robert Alexander Paterson, Hudson India 1856 1860 Hill, Mrs. Paterson, Hudson “ 1856 1860 Hogg, Rev. Hope Waddell (United Presbyterian, Scotland) Egypt 1887 1894 *Hogg, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth nee W ork Richmond, Cone man gh 1892 1894 Hogg, Rev. John, D. D. (Lnited Presbyterian, Scotland) " 1860 1886 Hogg, Mrs. Bessie Dodds nee Kay (United Presbyterian, Scotland) “ 1860 1886 Holliday, Rev. Thomas Ellsworth, D. D. Cadiz, Wheeling India 1889 1924 Holliday, Mrs. Lena May nee Hays (Presbyterian) “ 1889 1917 Hoyman, Mr. Frank S. Stanwood, Keokuk Egypt 1909 *Hoyman, Mrs. Loretta Andrew nee Mitchell New Wilmington, Mercer 1912 Hunt, Rev. James Galloway, D. D. Coila, Argyle “ 1897 1920 Hunt, Mrs. Florida nee Pattison Ninth A y ., Monmouth, Monmouth “ 1897 1920 Hutchison, Harry Sutherland, M. D. Wheeling Hill, Chartiers “ 1921 Hutchison, Mrs. Susannah Akin nee McKeown New Concord, Muskingum “ 1921 Jamieson, Rev. Earl Ralston Sugar Creek, Xenia “ 1924 ** Retired from active service. * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). t After husband’s death remained 011 field as honorary missionary. HOME CONTGTCEGATTON AND Foreign Year Year Died in NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left Abroad *Jamieson, Mrs. Marianna nee Gray Summerfield, Pawnee Egypt 1924 Wives and Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical Jamison, Rev. William Brainerd Mt. Washington, Monongahcla 1915 Jamison, Mrs. Gertrude May nee Newlin Cadiz, Wheeling “ 1915 Johnston, David R., M. D. St. Clairsville, Wheeling “ 1868 1876 a Johnston, Mrs. Maggie Jane nee Stewart St. Clairsville, Wheeling 1868 1876 Jongcwaard, Albert John, M. D. (American Reformed) Tndia 1920 1929 Jongewaard, Mrs. Florence nee Newlove (Methodist) a 1920 1929 Kenneweg, Rev. Christian Frederick McNaughcr Memorial, Allegheny Abyssinia 1927 Kerr, Mr. George (Undetermined) Trinidad 1844 1844 Kruidenier, Rev. Jeremias, D. D. First Xenia, Xenia Egypt 1889 1924 Krnidcnier, Mrs. Henrietta nee Poel (Christian Reformed) 1889 1924 Kyle, Rev. Henry Jcro Mundale, Delaware 1 ndia 1895 1899 Kyle, Mrs. Marv Elizabeth nee Chambers Mundale, Delaware “ 1895 1899 Laing, Rev. Alfred MePhc rson a Tngram, Monongahcla 1911 1928 *Laing, Mrs. Margaret Catherine nee Hormel Oakdale, Mon on galicla “ 1913 1928 Lambie, Rev. Thomas Alexander, M. D. Eighth Pittsburgh, Monongahela Sudan 1907 1919 Abyssinia 1919 1927 ♦Lambie, Mrs. Charlotte Jean nee Claney Stanwood, Keokuk Sudan 1909 1919 Abyssinia 1919 1927 Lansing, Elmer Ellsworth, M. D. (Dutch Reformed) Egypt 1884 1888 Lansing, Mrs. Hattie E. nee Arnold (Dutch Reformed) 1884 1888 Lansing, Rev. Gulian, D. D. Newburgh, New York Syria 1851 1857 Egypt 1857 1892 Lansing, Mrs. Maria G. nee Oliver (Undetermined) Syria 1851 1857 Egypt 1857 1865 * Lansing, Mrs. Sarah B. nee Dales Second Phila., Philadelphia 1866 1889

Lorimer, Rev. John Calhoun 205 Zanesville, Muskingum “ 1919 1930 Lorimer, Mrs. Kate Graham nee Cowan 2nd Wilkinsburg, Monongahela “ 1919 1930 Lytic, Rev. David Smith Grand Prairie, Keokuk India 1881 1899 * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). 206

IlOMK CONGREGATION AND ] oreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left Abroad| Home Lytle, Mrs. M. Isabella nee Gordon Third Xenia, Xenia India 1881 1900 Wives and Missionaries—Men of List Alphabetical McArthur, Rev. John Alexander Tarkio, College Springs “ 1904 ♦McArthur, Mrs. Sue Cooper nee White Bellaire, Wheeling ii 1909 1915 ♦McArthur, Mrs. Anna Laura nee Cleland Lebanon, Muskingum ii 1923 McCague, Rev. Thomas, D. D. Mt. Joy, Chillicothe Egypt 1854 1861 McCague, Mrs. Henrietta M. (Undetermined) it 1854 1861 McClanahan, Frank Chalmers, M. 1). Second Chicago, Chicago it 1915 McClanahan, Mrs. Helen Jane nee Smith (Methodist) it 1915 McClanahan, Rev. Neal Dow, D. 13. First Monmouth, Monmouth U 1909 McClanahan, Mrs. Jennie Elizabeth nee Smith (Methodist) it 1909 McCleery, John Maxwell, M. D. Fourth Cleveland, Cleveland Sudan 1921 1924 McCleery, Mrs. Pearl May nee Roe Meridian, Butler 1921 1924 McClellan, Rev. Harvey Hutcheson Olathe, Kansas City 1925 McClenahan, Robert Stewart, LL. D. Olathe, Kansas City 'Egypt 1897 1919 McClenahan, Mrs. Margaret Jeanette nee (Presbyterian) Wallace “ 1897 1919 McClenahan, Rev. William Lorimer Olathe, Kansas City it 1898 1915 ♦McClenahan, Mrs. Jessie J. nee H ogg (U. P. Scotland) 1902 1905 McClure, Rev. Robert Reed New Wilmington, Mercer India 1897 1900 McClure, Mrs. Alice nee Elliott New Wilmington, Mercer “ 1897 t it 1900 1917 McConnelee, Rev. Earl Collins First St. Louis, Southern 111. 1923 Fairview, Muskingum it McConnelee, Mrs. Anna Margaret nee Morrow 1923 McConnelee, Rev. John Alpheus, D. D. DeLancey, Delaware 1895 McConnelee, Mrs. Mary Alma nee Collins DeLancey, Delaware it 1895 Second Butler, Butler McConnell, Rev. Paul Egypt 1921 1926 McConnell, Mrs. Mable Esther nee Bell New Bethlehem, Frankfort 1921 1926 McCreery, Rev. Elbert L. Loveland, Colorado Sudan 1906 1913 ♦McCrecry, Mrs. Hannah Carolyn nee McLean Carnegie, Monongahela ti 1909 1913 * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). t Reappointed by the Women’s» Board. HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left 1 Abroad| Home McFarland, Rev. Kennedy Wiley New Wilmington, Mercer Egypt 1892 i 9 ö r IVk’es and Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical McFarland, Mrs. Anna Eliza nee Henderson (Presbyterian) “ 1892 1901 McFeeters, Prof. Milo Crowe ( Presbyterian) “ 1922 McFeeters, Mrs. Elina nee Taylor (1 ’resbyte rian) “ 1922 McGeoch, Rev. Harold Archibald North Argyle, Argyle “ 1920 *McGcoch, Mrs. Elizabeth Alice nee Speer hirst Steubenville, Steubenville “ 1922 McGill, Rev. Ralph Gibson Eighth Allegheny, Allegheny “ 1905 1926 McGill, Mrs. Mary Flora nee Kerr Santa Ana, Los Angeles “ 1905 1926 McKee, Rev. James Patterson, D. Ü. Jamestown, Lake 1 ndia 1870 1894 McKee, Mrs. Margaret J unkin nee Dickey New Wilmington, Mercer “ 1870 1894 McKelvey, Rev. Joseph New Wilmington, Mercer China 1868 1870 McKelvey, Mrs. Adelaide nee Moore Lifth Pittsburgh, Monongahela “ 1868 1868 McKelvey, Rev. William MacMillan First Monmouth, Monmouth I ndia 1902 1927 McKelvey, Mrs. Cora May nee Morgan (Congregational) “ 1902 1927 McKnight, Mr. James Patton Eastbrook, Mercer Sud an 1922 Mcknight, Mrs. Minnie Elizabeth nee Rapp (United Evangelical) “ 1922 McLaughlin, Hugh T., M. D. Second Topeka, Kansas City Egypt 1898 1900 Sudan 1901 1910 McLaughlin, Mrs. Lena nee Porter Second Topeka, Kansas City Egypt 1898 1900 Sudan 1901 1910 McLaughlin, Rev. Ralph Todd Arkansas City, Arkansas Val. Egypt 1918 McLaughlin, Mrs. Ellen Jeanette nee Henry Goldfield, Cedar Rapids “ 1918 MacKenzie, Rev. Kenneth Second Xenia, Xenia I ndia 1918 *MacKenzie, Mrs. Martha Florence nee Strong Hoopeston, Chicago “ 1920 Magill, Hugh Robert, M. D. W hitin s ville, Bos ton Sudan 1904 1909 “ 1911 1915 Magill, Mrs. Marion L. nee Flickinger (Presbyterian) “ 1912 1915 207 Martin, John Gregory, M. D. First Cleveland, Cleveland I n d i a 1919 Martin, Mrs. Anna Alston nee Laing Crafton, M onongahe 1 a “ 1919 1 * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). 208

ITOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’ d Left 1 Abroadj Home lhbtcl it f isoaisMn n Wives and Missionaries—Men of List Alphabetical **Martin, Rev. John Howard, D. D. New Salem, Muskingum India 1888 Martin, Mrs. Elizabeth Jane nee Gregory (Methodist Episcopal) “ 1888 Marlin, Rev. Samuel, 13. D. Canonsburg, Chartiers “ 1867 1910 Martin, Mrs. Lydia Lucretia nee Mossman Fredericksburg, Mansfield “ 1867 1886 Matthews, Prof. Harvey McMurray Peters Creek, Chartiers “ 1921 1927 Matthews, Mrs. Elizabeth nee Froebe Peters Creek, Chartiers ii 1921 1927 Maxwell, Joseph Sprague, M. D. Eighth Allegheny, Allegheny Sudan 1919 1929 Abyssinia 1929 Maxwell, Mrs. Mary Frances nee McDougall Chariton, Des Moines Sudan 1919 1929 Abyssin ia 1929 Maxwell, Rev. Robert East Greenwich, Argyle India 1900 Maxwell, Mrs. Maud nee Pollock First Pittsburgh, Monongahela “ 1900 Mercer, Rev. William David Hooks 1 own, Frankfort ii 1912 1929 Mcrcer, Mrs. Hazel Irene nee Cloud Ninth Pittsburgh, Monongahela ii 1912 1929 Merriam, Prof. William Hartwell Shannon City, College Springs it 1913 Merriam, Mrs. M. Josephine nee Ferrier Pueblo, Colorado “ 1913 Miller, Rev. Edmund Frederick (Presbyterian) Sudan 1923 1926 Miller, Rev. Paul Alexander West Hebron, Argyle India 1920 (( Miller, Mrs. Dorothy Jane nee Tilley (Presbyterian) 1920 H Millson, Mr. Charles Christopher (M oody Church, Chicago) 1920 (( Mill.son, Mrs. Emma Lavinia nee Wonderly Crawfordsville, Keokuk 1920 ft Milne, Rev. Hugh McQuistou Second Monmouth, Monmouth 1922 *Milne, Mrs. Harriet Gcrhada nee Jongewaard (Reformed) ii 1925 ii Mitchell, Rev. Fred J. First Topeka, Kansas City 1919 1926 Mitchell, Mrs. Otev ncc Randall First Topeka. Kansas City it 1919 1926 Moore, William Thompson, M. D. Second Washington, Chartiers Egypt 1910 1917 il 1920 Moore, Mrs. Alicia Beall ncc Burns First Washington, Chartiers ii 1910 1917 U 1920 ** Retired from active service. * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left Abroad! Home

Morrison, Rev. George Watson First Xenia, Xenia India 1887 1902 and Wives Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical Morrison, Mrs. Edna May ncc Patton First Xenia, Xenia 1887 1890 *Morrison, Airs Lavina J. nee McGarey Beaver Run, Rrookville ii 1892 1902 Morton, Rev. John Herbert Eighth Pittsburgh, Monongahela “ 1901 1910 Morton, Mrs. Mary Edith nec Johnston First Seattle, Puget Sound “ 1901 1910 Murch, Rev. Chauncey, D. 1). Salem, Indiana Northern Egypt 1883 1907 Murch, Mrs. Amelia Saphronia nee Canfield Salem, Indiana Northern 1883 1908 Murdoch, Rev. George J. East Greenwich, Argyle India 1925 Murdoch, Mrs. Cordia Lea nee Thompson (Methodist Protestant) “ 1925 Nesbitt, Rev. Henry Sime Cambridge, Boston “ 1904 Nesbitt, Mrs. Elizabeth nee Hadley Cambridge, Boston “ 1904 Nevin, Rev. Joseph C. Canonsburg, Charticrs China 1860 1878 Nevin, Mrs. Amanda S. nee Beggs (Undetermined) “ 1860 1867 Nevin, Mrs. Kate (Undetermined) “ 1871 1878 Nichol, Rev. Alvin Mitchell Little York, Rock Island Egypt 1874 1884 Nichol, Mrs. Emma Cushman nee Pattison Little York, Rock Island 1874 1884 Nichol, Rev. William Montgomery First Indiana, Conemaugh “ 1889 1899 Nichol, Mrs. Laura Katharine nee Herget Second Allegheny, Allegheny ;; 1889 1890 *Nichol, Mrs. Amanda Evaline nee Jamieson Bloomfield, Steubenville 1894 1899 Nicoll, Prof. William E. Tarkio, College Springs India 1901 1914 Nicoll, Mrs. Clara Blanche nee Dickson Tarkio, College Springs 1901 1914 Nolin, Prof. William Wallace Mount Vernon, Puget Sound Egypt 1922 Nolin, Mrs. Ruth E. nee Hemcnway (Baptist) 1922 Norton, Prof. Albert Charles (Methodist Episcopal) “ 1920 1922 Norton, Mrs. Elisabeth Sikes nee James, Ph.D. (Methodist Episcopal) “ 1920 1922 Owen, Prof. Charles Archibald, Ph. D. Topeka, Kansas City “ 1913 Owen, Airs. Margaret Jane nee Corette First Washington, Keokuk 1913 Oyler, Rev. David Smith, D. D. Lyndon, Kansas City Sudan 1909 1929 *Oyler, Mrs. Lillian Johanna nee Pieken Atlantic, College Springs 1913 1929 Patterson, Rev. Frederick Clare Jamestown, Lake India 1923 1929 ' Married in the Mission (see list d u . 214-224'). 8 210

HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left Abroad| Home Patterson, Mrs. Grace nee McGranahan Jamestown, Lake India 1923 1929 Wives and Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical Patterson, Rev. John Fulton, M. D. Oxford, Philadelphia Syria 1872 1877 Patterson, Mrs. Isabella nee McDowell First Xenia, Xenia “ 1872 1877 Paulding, J. G., M. D. (Undetermined) “ 1845 1856 Paulding, Mrs. (Undetermined) “ 1845 1856 Petrie, Mr. John Shontz Wallace Memorial, Wash., Phila. Egypt 1920 1925 1926 1930 Petrie, Mrs. Cleora Belle nee Herrington (Christian) U 1920 1925 “ 1926 1930 Philips, Rev. Harvey Eugene, Ph. D. Second Topeka, Kansas City it 1908 Philips, Mrs. Daisy May nee Griggs (Methodist Episcopal) a 1908 1929 Picken, Rev. Samuel Carson Indianola, Des Moines India 1909 Picken, Mrs. Mary nee Law hirst Des Moines, Des Moines “ 1909 .Pinkerton, Rev. Benjamin Franklin Sparta, Southern Illinois Egypt 1865 1869 Pinkerton, Mrs. Fidelia Freeze nee Eiker Sparta, Southern Illinois 1865 1869 Pollock, Alexander Wilson, M. D. hirst Washington, Chartiers “ 1903 1924 Abyssinia 1926 Pollock, Mrs. Ola nee Burns New Concord, Muskingum Egypt 1903 1915 Pollock, Mrs. Agnes Webster nee Forbes (United Free Church of Scotland) 1922 1924 Abyssinia 1926 Pollock, Rev. James Alexander Aledo, Rock Island Egypt 1919 Pollock, Mrs. Ethel Jeannette nee Craig Eleventh Allegheny, Allegheny 1919 Porter, Rev. Edwin Lytle, D. D. Fifth Allegheny, Allegheny India 1891 Porter, Mrs. Joie L. nee Fortney (Presbyterian) “ 1891 1894 Porter, Mrs. Winifred L. nee Lambert (English Congregational) “ 1896 Porter, Prof. William Lorimer iarkio, College Springs ii 1905 1909 Porter, Mrs. Carolyn nec Bassett Tarkio, College Springs “ 1905 1909 Quay, Rev. James King, D. Ü. East Palestine, Cleveland Egypt 1919 1928 Quay, Mrs. Ida Brown nee Eaton (Methodist) 1919 1928 Rankin, Rev. Henry Hooper, Spokane it 1919 1920 Rankin, Mrs. Ruth nee Jackson First Xenia, Xenia ft 1919 1920 HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left Abroad Home Reed, Rev. Glenn Patterson Houston, Chartiers Sudan 1923 Reed, Rev. William Herron B u r ge 11 s t o wn, Charliers Egypt 1896 and Wives Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical Reed, Mrs. Bertha Elizabeth nee Grove Cove, Big Spring 1896 1922 *Reed, Mrs. Fay Elsie nee Ralph (Presbyterian) “ 1923 Ross, Rev. William Harry Sterling, Arkansas Valley India 1918 Ross, Mrs. Caroline Edith nee Weede Walton, Arkansas Valley “ 1918 Roy, Rev. Mark Stevenson, D. D. Second New Concord, Muskingum Egypt 1911 Roy, Mrs. Ida Belle nee McElroy Second Washington, Chartiers 1911 Rule, Rev. Alexander Hume Elmira, Monmouth ti 1872 1873 Rule, Mrs. Jennie More nee Clark Des Moines, Des Moines U 1872 1873 Russell, Charles Partridge, Ph. D., LL. D. (Presbyterian) i( 1907 Russell, Mrs. Margaret nee Giffen St. Clairsville, Wheeling tt 1911 Russell, Mr. Fred Lawrence Prosser, Puget Sound Abyssinia 1920 Russell, Airs. Daisy Maude nee Chase (Presbyterian) “ 1920 Scott, Rev. John Robinson, Chartiers Trinidad 1845 1846 Scott, Mrs. (Lbidetermined) “ 1845 1846 Scott, Rev. Ralph Rodgers First Washington, Chartiers Egypt 1920 1928 Scott, Mrs. Alary McCaskey nee Thompson (Presbyterian) “ 1920 1928 **Scott, Rev. Theodore Luben, D. D. Mountville, Beaver Valley India 1874 Scott, Mrs. Alary Agnes nee Marshall Wurtcmburg, Beaver Valley “ 1874 1880 Scott, Mrs. Anna E. nee Wilson YVurtemburg, Beaver Valley It 1882 1919 Shaub, Rev. Robert Coleman First St. Louis, Southern Illinois Egypt 1925 Shaub, Mrs. Imo Magdalene nee Barraclough First St. Louis, Southern Illinois 1925 Shields, Rev. Ried Framplon First Des Moines, Des Aloines Sudan 1917 1923 Abyssinia . 1923 1927 Sudan 1927 Shields, Mrs. Mildred nee Christie White Oak Springs, Butler Abyssinia 1923 1927 Sudan 1927 Skellie, Rev. Walter James North Argyle, Argyle Egypt 1924 Skellie, Mrs. Clara Imogenc nee McDowell Covington, Caledonia 1924 * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). ** Retired from active service. 212 HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left Abroad! Home Smith, Rev. Paul J. Tarkio, College Springs Sudan 1911 (1 Wives and Missionaries—Men of List Alphabetical Smith, Mrs. Ilda May nee Mitchell North Bend, Omaha 1911 Sowash, Rev. George Albert, D. D. Irwin, Westmoreland Egypt 1896 1903 Sudan .1903 Sowash, Mrs. Elizabeth Jane nee Graham West Fairfield, Conemaugh Egypt 1896 1900 Sowash, Mrs. Kathleen G. nee Spring (Undetermined) Sudan 1903 Stevenson, Rev. Ephraim Hamilton S. S. Ohio Presbytery India 1856 1870 Stevenson, Mrs. (Undetermined) it 1856 1870 Stewart, Prof. Charles Alexander (Reformed Presbyterian) tt 1917 f< *Stewart, Mrs. Sarah Jeannette nee Hopkins Findlay, Ohio N. W. 1917 Stewart, Rev. Harris Johnston, D. D. New Wilmington, Mercer it 1911 *Stewart, Mrs. Olive Isabel nee Brown Hampton, Allegheny " 1925 Stewart, Rev. John Harris Tarkio, College Springs “ 1908 Stewart, Mrs. Euphemia Jane nee Young Tarkio, College Springs “ 1908 Stewart, Ralph Randles, Ph. D. Second New York, Hudson “ 1916 Stewart, Mrs. Isabelle Caroline nee Darrow (Congregational) “ 1916 Stewart, Rev. Robert, D. D., LL. D. “ 1881 1892 “ 1900 1915 *Stewart, Mrs. Eliza Frazier nee Johnston St. Clairsville, Wheeling “ 1881 1892 “ 1900 1918 Strang, Rev. David, D. D. New Wilmington, Mercer Egypt 1866 1876 tt 1896 1905 Strang, Mrs. Gamella nee Cotton (Presbyterian) ti 1866 1876 it 1896 1896 Strang, Mrs. Mary F. nee Lawrence (Church of England) it 1900 1905 Strong, Prof. John Gordon Hoopeston, Chicago India 1916 1920 Sutherland, Rev. William Second Xenia, Xenia it 1918 Sutherland, Mrs. Bertha Leona nee McElroy Monmouth, San Francisco 1918 Thompson, Mr. Andrew (Undetermined) Trinidad 1847 1848 Thompson, Rev. Andrew Ansley Norwich, Muskingum Egypt 1906 . Thompson, Mrs. Lyda Florella nee Magill Calvert Memorial, Allegheny ti 1906 * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r ’d Left Abroad| Home Thompson, Rev. Forest Scott, D. D. New Jefferson, Steubenville Egypt 1911 Thompson, Mrs. Carrie May nee Alexander New Wilmington, Alercer 1911 Wives and Missionaries—Men of ListAlphabetical Thompson, Rev. John Sherman Newton, Arkansas Valley India 1894 1898 Thompson, Mrs. Mary Maud nee Hanna Newton, Arkansas Valley “ 1894 1898 Tidrick, Mr. Ralph W . Tingley, College Springs Sudan 1906 1914 Tidrick, Mrs. Sarah Luella nee Thompson Atlantic, College Springs “ 1908 1914 Walker, Rev. Robert William New Bedford, Mercer Egypt 1904 *Walker, Airs. Elizabeth Myrtle nee McCrory Sterling, Arkansas Valley 1906 Watson, Rev. Andrew, D. D., M. D. Lisbon, Wisconsin II 1861 1916 JWatson, Mrs. Margaret nee McVickar (Congregational) U 1861 1929 West, Air. Phil’ Russell San Diego, Los Angeles Abyssinia 1923 West, Mrs. Effie Marie nee Miner San Diego, Los Angeles 1923 Whitcomb, Norris Bassett, M. D. Bovina Center, Delaware Egypt 1919 Whitcomb, Mrs. Ethel nee Miller Bovina Center, Delaware 1919 White, Rev. John Pressly Walton, Arkansas Valley “ 1894 1900 White, Mrs. Anna Alay Walton, Arkansas Valley “ 1894 1900 Whitfield, Mr. Frederick Arthur Topeka, Kansas City India 1924 ^Whitfield, Mrs. Beulah Bell nee Chalmers Topeka, Kansas City <1 1924 Wilkcrson, Charles E., Al. D. (Christian) Sudan 1915 1918 Wilkerson, Mrs. Lula E. (Christian) 1916 1918 Wilmoth, Clifford Lee, M. D. Topeka, Kansas City Abyssinia 1924 1925 Wilmoth, Mrs. Helen Margaret nee Milne Second Monmouth, Monmouth 1924 1925 Wilson, Mr. Charles Alexander Tarkio, College Springs Egypt 1905 1912 Wilson, Mrs. Maude AL nee Brandon (Presbyterian) 1905 1912 Wilson, Rev. Robert McWatty Ben Avon, Allegheny Abyssinia 1925 1930 Wilson, Mrs. Katherine nee Hunter (Presbyterian) “ 1925 1930 Work, Rev. Samuel Alvin Fairmont, Westmoreland Egypt 1904 1928 213 Work, Mrs. Ellen A. (Undetermined) 1906 1928 §Zwemer, Rev. Samuel Alarinus, D.D., F.R.G.S, (Reformed Church in America) “ 1912 1929 Zwemer, Airs. Amy E. nee Wilkes (Reformed Church in America) “ 1912 1929 * Married in the Mission (see list pp. 214-224). t After husband’s death remained on field as honorary missionary. § Missionary associated through the courtesy of the Reformed Church in America. 214 UNMARRIED WOMEN

HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Marr’d Died in Service Women Unmarried Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left in¡11 * |Mission| Abroad | Home ffAdair, Miss Sara Margaret Bristol, Colorado Egypt 1918 1925 Alexander, Miss Minnie Rebecca Gilead, Sidney India 1906 1910 Allison, Miss Mildred Josephine Second New Castle, Beaver Valley Egypt 1926 Anderson, Miss Edith C. (Baptist) Abyssinia 1929 Anderson, Miss Emma Dean Glade Run, Allegheny India 1881 Anderson, Miss Helen Dorothy New Wilmington, Mercer ii 1918 1922 Anderson, Miss Margaret Agnes (Covenanter) t( 1918 1922 Ardrey, Miss Ruth Isabel First Denver, Colorado ii 1924 Artman, Miss Helen 1 .ebanon, Mercer tt 1920 Arveson, Miss Dora Beatrice (Presbyterian) Abyssinia 1930 Atchison, Miss Alda Belle Albia, Dos Moines Egypt 1904 1925 Baird, Miss Mary Emma Clearfield, College Springs 1913 1924 Ballantyne, Miss Agnes Louise Second Xenia, Xenia India 1925 1930 Bancroft, Mrs. Agnes Helen Oak Park, Philadelphia, Phila. Abyssinia 1929 flBarackman, Miss Anna Mary North Shenango, Lake Sudan 1909 1912 Barnes, Miss Ella Margaret Viola, Rock Island E gyp t. 1911 Bayne, Miss Viola May Harmarville, Allegheny Abyssinia 1924 Beale, Miss Hannah Holmes (Baptist) India 1921 1928 Beattie, Miss Kathryn Shannon City, College Springs ii 1920 Beatty, Miss Minnie Eliza First Pittsburgh, Monongahela ii 1912 (( Beatty, Miss Roma Belle New Concord, Muskingum 1909 Beatty, Miss Ruth Cummins Lewistown, Big Spring Abyssinia 1921 Bell, Miss Margaret Ann Atlantic, College Springs Egypt 1901 Bennett, Miss Hazel New Wilmington, Mercer India 1908 Beveridge, Miss Margaret A. (Undetermined) Trinidad 1843 1845 Billington, Miss Lillian Emily (Longview Community) Sudan 1927 1928 Black, Miss Rebecca Jean Fairview, Butler India 1921 Blair, Miss Mary Isabel Wallace Mem. Washington, Phila. Abyssinia 1922 li Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Marr’d Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left in Mission! Abroad | Home Women Unmarried Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical ^Bloomfield, Miss Clarice Ruby Albia, Pes Moines Egypt 1920 1924 Boyd, Miss Mary Lois Sparta, Southern Illinois India 1919 IfBoyd, Miss Myra Lindsay St. Clair, Monongahela EgVDtc5 J lr ^ 1902 1906 Bradford, Miss Fannie Genevieve Second Monmouth, Monmouth Sudan 1907 1915 Brotherston, Miss Lena Stirling Second Buffalo, Caledonia India 1906 1919 If Brown, Miss Adella Loveland. Colorado Eervot 1886 1892 Brown, Miss Frances Evelyn Fairhill, Philadelphia, Phila. India 1928 Brown, Miss Grace Chalmers West Galway, Albany Egypt 1894 1903 IfBrown, Miss Olive Isabel Hampton, Allegheny India 1920 1925 Brownlee, Miss Theresa Isabella (Reformed Presbyterian) 1922 Broyles, Miss Edna Belle (Congregational) ft 1920 1926 Buchanan, Miss Carrie Ma3r, Lit. D. Hebron, Norlhern Indiana Egypt 1893 1927 Buchanan, Miss Lois Miriam Ninth Avo., Monmouth, Mon. India 1910 Burnham, Miss Alice Graham (M oody Church) 1915 1922 Cabecn, Miss Ida Lcota Colloee Springs, College Springs Egypt 1909 Caldwell, Miss Elizabeth May San Diego, Los Angeles India 1919 1926 Calhoun, Miss Eliza H ooks t own, Fran kfort 1869 1884 Campbell, Miss Jean Storey Portersville, Beaver Valley Egypt 1923 1929 Campbell, Miss Mary Jane Ellison. Monmouth India 1884 1926 Campbell, Miss Theresa Maria North Kortright, Delaware Egypt 1870 1876 Cash, Miss Marie Eunice (Baptist) India 1926 Cathcart, Miss Mary Evelyn Marissa, Southern Illinois it 1925 ^Chalmers, Miss Beulah Bell Topeka, Kansas Cit3'- Egypt 1917 1919 1919 flClaney, Miss Charlotte Jean Stanwood, Keokuk 1905 1909 fiCleland, Miss Anna Laura Lebanon, Muskingum India 1903 1923 Cleland, Miss Eunice Cabin Hill, Delaware it 1923 1924 Coie, Miss Mary Elder Tarkio, College Springs Sudan 1919 215 Coie, Miss Una Tarkio, College Springs ft 1918 Conner, Miss Harriet M. Third Allegheny, Allegheny Egypt 1880 1892 jl Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). 216

HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Marr’d Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left inill Mission Abroad Home Women Unmarried Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical Copeland, Miss Mary Ruth (Presbyterian) India 1922 1924 (( Corbett, Miss Kate Jeiterson, Brookville 1886 1913 Corkcy, Miss Annie Lillie (Presbyterian, Ireland) Egypt 1911 1921 Cowden, Miss Mary Henrietta Sand Hill, Muskingum India 1905 Criswell, Miss Anna Belle Tarkio, College Springs Egypt 1905 IJDales, Miss Sarah B. Second Philadelphia, Phila. Syria 1854 1858 Egypt 1858 1866 Davison, Miss Florence E. Wallace Mem. Washington, Phila. Abyssinia 1923 1927 Dawson, Miss Mary Frances Pullman, Spokane Egypt 1922 Denny, Miss Luella Walton, Arkansas Valley Sudan 1922 1927 Dickey, Miss Cora Bank Sixth Pittsburgh, Monongahela Egypt 1896 1907 Dickey, Miss Mabel Blair First Wilkinsburg, Monongahela tt 1912 1914 it 1919 1923 Dickey, Miss Sallie Estella Brookville, Brookville India 1895 1907 Dickson, Miss Laureila Gibson Tarkio, College Springs “ 1897 Dight, Miss Sarah Isabella (Presb_yterian) Sudan 1915 1920 Downie, Miss Ella Belle First Cleveland, Cleveland Egypt 1913 1928 Drake, Miss N. Belle, M. 1). Slippery Rock, Butler 1903 1907 Dunlap, Mrs. Ada Acheson Olympic Court, Puget Sound it 1926 Dwight, Miss Lucia Brookdale, College Springs a 1919 Eby, Mrs. Sara May Bedford Ave. Mansfield, Mansfield 1926 Eddy, Miss Ruth Margaret (Presbyterian) it 1915 1920 Embleton, Miss Marion Morrison Lincoln, Pawnee India 1891 1907 Estvad, Miss Gudrun Christensen (Church of the Open Door) Egypt 1925 Ewing, Miss Hazel First Allegheny, Allegheny Abyssinia 1923 1928 Fchlman, Miss Margaret Jane Second Chicago, Chicago India 1913 Ferrier, Miss Helen Jean Liberty, Pawnee Egypt 1900 1925 Finney, Miss Davida Margaret Crafton, Monongahela a 1915 ii Finney, Miss Minnehaha Tarkio, College Springs 1894

H Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year M arr’d Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left ill

Mission Abroad | Home Women Unmarried Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical Fleming, Miss Bessie Second Chicago, Chicago India 1913 Frazier, Miss Mary A. First Monmouth, Monmouth Syria 1876 1877 Egypt 1877 1893 French, Miss Alta Grace Goldfield, Cedar Rapids 1925 French, Miss Elsie May Waterloo, Cedar Rapids “ 1909 Fulton, Miss Edith M. Summerfield, Pawnee India 1894 1906 Galbraith, Miss M. E. Barnet Center, Vermont China 1875 1876 ^Galloway, Miss Mary E. (Asso. Reformed of the South) Egypt 1875 1876 Ganter, Miss Esther Minta (Baptist) Sudan 1928 Garrett, Miss Constance E. Central Omaha, Omaha Egypt 1921 1925 Gibson, Miss Jennie L. Barnet Center, Vermont 1903 1905 Giffen, Miss Dora Eunice Antrim, Muskingum 11 1920 1927 Giffen, Miss Edna Jean St. Clairsville, Wheeling “ 1915 1918 Gilbakian, Miss Agavnie, M. D. (Congregational) India 1907 1910 Given, Miss Annie Fraser Richmond, Conemaugh “ 1886 1896 Glass, Miss Martha Clementine Second Monmouth, Monmouth Egypt 1921 Gordon, Miss Elizabeth Greig Johnstown, Albany India 1855 1900 Gordon, Miss Ella Margaret 2nd Cedar Rapids, Cedar Rapids “ 1893 Gordon, Miss Euphemia E. Johnstown, Albany “ 1881 1885 Graham, Miss Vida Jane New Concord, Muskingum ti 1922 flGray, Miss Marianna Summerfield, Pawnee Egypt 1921 1924 Grether, Miss Eulalia Dorothea Loveland, Colorado 1929 Grimes, Miss Alice. Martha Claysville, Chartiers “ 1924 Grove, Miss Elsie Elizabeth Guinston, Big Spring Sudan 1912 Hadley, Miss Nancy Archibald Cambridge, Boston India 1904 ^Hamilton, Miss Anna Mary Blairsville, Conemaugh “ 1902 1915 Hamilton, Miss Laura Belle Second Monmouth, Monmouth H 1908 1921 217 Hamilton, Miss Marietta Third Des Moines, Des Moines 1916 1923 Hammond, Miss Alfaretta M. Cedarville, Xenia Egypt 1904

11 Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). 218

HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year Marr’d I Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY TRESBYTERY Field Ent’ r’d Left Mission| Abroad | Home Women Unmarried Missionaries— of List Alphabetical Hart, Miss Sarah [(Church of England) Egypt 1861 1869 Hartig, Miss Evva Pauline (Presbyterian) India 1924 Herron, Miss Mary Frances I Sterling, Arkansas Valley Sudan 1922 1928 Heston, Miss Winifred Estelle Thomas, M. D. I (Presbyterian) India 1911 1915 Hewitt, Miss Evangeline Marie I (Baptist) 1930 Hill, Miss Kate Alexander 'Palo Alto, Des Moines 1896 1920 1924 HH og-g, Miss Jessie J. (U. P. Scotland) Egypt 1886 1902 Hogg, Miss Rena L. (U. P. Scotland) 1899 Holland, Miss May • Bellevue, Allegheny 1913 Holliday, Miss Eleanore Katharine Moncssen, Westmoreland India 1918 1919 Hoon, Miss Zarra Stuart First Los Angeles, Los Angeles 1921 flHopkins, Miss Sarah Jeannette Findlav, Sidney 1912 1917 Hormel, Miss Flora Elizabeth Oakdale, Monongahela 1925 1930 tfHormel, Miss Margaret Catherine Oakdale, Mo nongahela 1909 1913 Horst, Miss Gertrude (Presbyterian) 1920 1925 Hosack, Miss Isabel G. Shadyside, Pitts., Monongahela Egypt 1912 1928 Howland, Miss Janette May Walton, Delaware Tndia 1921 Hoyman, Miss Avis Genevieve Slanwood, Keokuk Egypt 1920 1923 Huffman, Miss Ray Hazel (Presbyterian) Sudan 1924 Hunsberger, Miss Reba Cuthbert, M. D. North Phila., Philadelphia India 1921 Hutchison, Miss Florence Ashmore (Methodist Episcopal) Egypt 1916 1920 Jameson, Miss Flora Jeanette Avalon, Allegheny India 1903 UJamieson, Miss Amanda Evaline Bloomfield, Steubenville Egypt 1892 1894 Jamison, Miss Ella W ebb North Phila., Philadelphia In dia 1921 1925 Johnson, Mrs. Sophia Eliza, M. D. (United Presb. Church, India) 1890 1902 ^Johnston, Miss Eliza Frazier St. Clairsville, Wheeling Egypt 1869 1881 1881 Jones, Miss Florence Mabel First Wilkinsburg, Monongahela India 1920 1930

H Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). 1 HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year M arr’d Diedin Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left Mission Abroad Home Women Unmarried Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical HJongewaard, Miss Harriet Gerhada (Reformed) India 1915 1925 Jongewaard, Miss Wilhelmina Tacoba. M. D. << (Reformed) 1915 1925 Kelsey, Miss Mary Elizabeth New Concord, Muskingum Egypt 1928 flKerr, Miss Mary Faye Americus, Garnett 1908 1914 Kiemele, Miss Mildred Stamford, Caledonia Abyssinia 1929 Kingan, Miss Lois Dorothy hirst Los Angeles, Los Angeles Egypt 1926 Kyle, Aliss Ella O. First Xenia, Xenia 1883 1912 Kyle, Miss Mary Second Xenia, Xenia India 1904 Laing, Miss Olive Ross 1 ngrani, Monongahela 1912 ft Lamont, Miss Sara Jane Boulevard, Philadelphia 1928 Lawrence, Miss Caroline Carle, M. D. (Presbyterian) Egypt 1896 1910 Lawrence, Miss Mary Agnes Cambridge, Muskingum India 1893 IfLawrcncc, Miss Mary Elizabeth New Wilmington, Mercer 1909 1915 Lightowlcr, Miss Lucy (Methodist Episcopal) Egypt 1921 Lincoln, Miss Mary Frances hirst Wichita, Arkansas Valley 1 ndi a 1920 Lockhart, Miss Maggie G. Andes, Delaware Egypt 1874 1878 Logan, Miss Mary E. Richland, Indiana I n d i a 1891 McCahon, Miss Elizabeth Can ons burg, Char tiers 1875 McCall, Miss ( Undetermined) Trinidad 1851 1851 McClellan, Miss Marguerite Marie Olathe, Kansas City Sudan 1926 McClelland, Miss Lillian Lucille (Moody Church) Egypt 1923 McClenahan, Miss Eula Fairview, Butler 1908 1914 McConaughy, Miss Anna Mary New Concord, Muskingum “ 1903 1922 McConnell, Miss Lillian Anna Turtle Creek, Westmoreland India 1902 ^McCracken, Miss Lois Antoinette Sixth Pittsburgh, Monongahela Egypt 1912 1914 1922 jlMcCrory, Miss Elizabeth Myrtle Sterling, Arkansas Valley 1905 1906 219 McCrory, Miss Jeannette Lois Sterling, Arkansas Valley 1916 McCullough, Miss Rosanna Adelaide South Henderson, Monmouth India 1879

11 Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). to 1IOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year | Year | Marr’d Died in Service o NAM li OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left in Mission Abroadl Home McDowell, Miss Leanora J. West Fairfield, Conemaugh Egypt 1892 1912 McFarland, Miss May Evelyn New Wilmington, Mercer 1919 Ï5» a flMcGarey, Miss Lavina J. Beaver Run, I’ rookville India 1889 1892 <3- McIntyre, Miss Aulora Rose Tarkio, College Springs Sudan 1911 1915 it 1919 McKeown, Miss Emma Myrtle 1st Kansas City, Mo., Kansas City 1916 1919 McKibben, Miss Elizabeth Sixth Allegheny, Allegheny Abyssinia 1924 McKnight, Miss Mary Jane Eastbrook, Mercer Sudan 1922 "X. McKown, Miss Martha J. Monmouth, Monmouth Egypt 1860 1894 o HMcLean, Miss Hannah Carolyn Carnegie, Monongahela Sudan 1906 1909 McMillan, Miss Carol E. Sunbeam, Rock Island Egypt 1906 McMillan, Miss Florence Adelle Sunbeam, Rock Island Egypt 1895 1907 MacKenzie, Miss Kathryn Filth Philadelphia, Phila. Sudan 1919 1926 Maconachie, Miss Eleanor Wallace (Presbyterian, Ireland) India 1910 Martin, Miss Emma Josephine New Concord, Muskingum 1895 Martin, Miss Ethel Roxy New Concord, Muskingum Egypt 1901 Martin, Miss Fannie Callen Apollo, Kiskiminetas India 1896 1930 ||Martin, Miss Frances Katherine New Concord, Muskingum tt 1925 1928 Martin, Miss Helen Jeannette Scroggsfield, Steubenville Egypt 1915 Martin, Miss Jane Ella Adamsville, Lake India 1906 1926 Martin, Miss Mary Gertrude New Concord, Muskingum 1923 1924 G New Concord, Muskingum it Martin, Miss Mary Rachel 1890 S. Mason, Miss Dora Barclay First W'ilkinsburg, Monongahela Egypt 1919 Mason, Miss Olive Taylor First W’ilkinsburg, Monongahela it 1912 1919 a. (( Meloy, Miss Sarah Brownlee Evanston, Chicago 1923 Miller, Miss Maude Mitchell Lewistown, Big Spring India 1924 Minger, Miss Emma Martha First Indianapolis, Indiana ti 1902 1915 ^Mitchell, Miss Loretta Andrews New Wilmington, Mercer Egypt 1909 1912 Mitchell, Miss Zella W oods______New Wilmington, Mercer it 1902 1907 11 Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). || Missionary of Foreign Board. I IIOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Ytar Year Marr’d I Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r’d Left in I ------Mission! Abroad) Home Women Unmarried Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical Moore, Miss Henrietta Holyoke, Butler India 1898 Moore, Miss Sara Abigail Holyoke, Butler “ 1918 a Morrison, Miss Jean Boyd Lincoln, Pawnee 1895 Moyer, Miss Esther Emma Camp Run, Beaver Valley “ 1924 Murdoch, Ali ss Margaret Lucinda East Greenwich, Argyle “ 1924 Nesbitt, Miss Janet Elizabeth New Concord, Muskingum “ 1925 1930 IJNewlin, Miss Elizabeth Elmira Martin’s Ferry, Wheeling Egypt 1880 1883 Noordewier, Miss Helen Johanna (Christian Reformed) “ 1921 Nourse, Miss Viola May (Moody Church) India 1923 1927 I’aden, Miss Marion Agnes Avalon, Allegheny Egypt 1902 1916 “ 1921 111’arks, Miss Minnie C. Denver, Colorado I ndia 1891 1894 Parks, Miss Ruth Martha Southfield, Detroit Sudan 1930 Patterson, Miss Venna Rachel Nampa, Idaho Egypt 1924 Pattison, Miss Mary Munford Fairfield, Keokuk 4‘ 1912 1920 Patton, Miss Frances Margaret Sparta, Southern Illinois 1922 Peterson, Miss Marian Toinettc (Presbyterian) India 1930 If Pieken, Miss Lillian Johanna Atlantic, College Springs Egypt 1907 1913 Pillow, Miss Elizabeth Verna Morgan Hill, San Francisco Sudan 1930 Platter, Miss Mary A., M. D. Chillicothe, Chillicothe India 1897 1903 Polkinghorn, Miss Grace Isabelle First Los Angeles, Los Angeles “ 1 1923 1925 || Porter, Miss Gwynaeth Rankin Wooster, Mansfield if 1926 Pratt, Miss Edith Aldrich South Phila., Phi la. t( 1926 1928 HRalph, Miss Fay Elsie (Presbyterian) Egypt 1919 1923 Ramsey, Miss Willa Marcia Liberty, Cleveland India 1921 Reed, Miss Faith Wilson, M. D. Connellsville, Westmoreland “ 1926 Reynolds, Miss Laura First East Liverpool, Steubenville “ 1924 221 Robertson, Miss Mary Estelle (United Free Church of Scotland) Egypt 1922 Rogers, Miss Margaret Allison First McDonald, Monongahela Sudan 1922 1923 H Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions ( see“list pp. 197-213). II Missionary of Foreign Board. to 1 to 1IOM I-: CONGREGATION AND I 1* oreiarn Year Year M arr’d NAME OF MISSIONARY Died in Service to PRESBYTERY I Field Ent’ r’d Left 1 Mission Abroad | Home Scott, Miss Louise Edna New Wilmington, Mercer I India 1916 ffScott, Miss Violet May New Wilmington, Mercer 1911 1913 S- Seiver, Mrs. Rachel Tracy First Seattle, Puget Sound 1 Egypt 1925 a Shannon, Miss B. Isabel, M. D. O'* Elyria, Cleveland 1912 1914 Shereda, Miss Rose (Moody Church) 1 India 1928 SherrifF, Miss Edna Bernice Wallace Memorial, Wash., Phila. Egypt 1920 a Simpson, Miss Jessie Phandora, M. D. (Presbyterian) 1 India 1902 1924 1925 Smith, Miss Elizabeth Rosina (Baptist) Egypt 1923 1926 Smith, Miss Jane Celia Ligonier, Westmoreland 1922 Smith, Miss Margaret Anna Berea, Garnett i “ 1872 Smith, Miss Nellie Catherine Grove City, Butler 1 i( 1911 Soule, Miss Cora Blanche First Germantown, Philadelphia 1 Sudan 1921 flSpeer, Miss Elizabeth Alice First Steubenville, Steubenville | Egypt 1919 1922 Spencer, Miss Kate Ellen Duncanville, S. Illinois 1 India 1919 Spencer, Miss Nannie J. Somerville, Indiana 1894 1916 (( Stauffer, Miss Emma Minerva New Alexandria, Westmoreland 1925 i( Stewart, Miss Mabel Clare New Wilmington, Mercer 1915 1926 Stewart, Miss Mable Helen Liberty, Cleveland (( 1924 1925 s Strang, Miss Isabella Second Monmouth, Monmouth Egypt 1878 1886 Strang, Miss Matilda Hopewell, Tennessee 1886 1894 a ^Strong, Miss Martha Florence Hoopeston, Chicago 1 India 1915 1920 3. Tait, Miss Marie Frances Second Mercer, Mercer 1 Egypt 1925 Taylor, Miss Lorena Belle Manhattan, Concordia 1 India 1922 1929 cl ||Teas, Miss Elizabeth Dorcas Seventh Phila., Philadelphia I Egypt 1896 1926 Thompson, Miss Anna Young Clear Fork, Muskingum 1871 o it Thompson, Miss Mary Lyon Tarkio, College Springs 1918 Thompson, Miss Sadie South Youngstown, Cleveland 1 (t 1913 1918 Tomaseck, Miss Florence First Canton, Mansfield 1 India 1919 1925 fl Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). || Missionary of Foreign Board. HOME CONGREGATION AND I' oreitfn Year Year M arr’d Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’r ’d Left Mission Abroad Home Women Unmarried Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical Trimble, Miss Vivian Leonora College Springs, College Springs India 1921 Tromans, Miss Nellie Evelyn Seventh Phila., Philadelphia “ 1923 1930 Turk, Miss Frances 2nd Wilkinsburg, Monongahela Sudan 1922 Underwood, Miss Alice B. Seventh Avenue, N. Y., New York Egypt 1902 1904 Walker, Miss Helen May Sterling", Arkansas Valley 1930 Walker, Miss Laura 15. First Carnegie, Monongahela “ 1904 Walker, Mrs. Ruth Lobaugh Wallace M em’l, Wash., Phila. Abyssinia 1923 Ward, Miss Martha Edna First Los Angeles, Los Angeles India 1923 Warnock, Miss Ruth Anisa Guernsey, Des Moines “ 1913 1927 Watson, Miss Anna Boggs, M. D. New Athens, Wheeling Egypt 1896 1918 Weed, Miss Ethel Lois Second Monmouth, Monmouth 1919 Welsh, Miss Mary Elizabeth Martinsburgh, Mansfield ] ndia 1869 1872 Wengert, Miss Georgia E. (Baptist) “ 1920 White, Miss Elizabeth Seymour Second Allegheny, Allegheny Egypt 1924 White, Miss Florence D. Wallace M em ’l, Wash., Phila. Abyssinia 1923 White, Miss Florence Lillian Grove City, Butler Egypt 1919 1926 While, Miss Josephine Lillian Grove City, Butler India 1884 1929 'White, Miss Maria, M. D. First Baltimore, Philadelphia “ 1886 * White, Miss Sue Cooper Bellaire, Wheeling “ 1905 1909 Whitely, Miss Dora Belle Chartiers, Canonsburg, Chartiers “ 1911 Whiteside, Miss Ida Coila, Argyle Egypt 1913 Williams, Miss Roe Olive Second Monmouth, Monmouth 1911 1918 Williamson, Miss Ruth Mary Green sburg, Westmoreland it 1924 Wilson, Miss Cynthia Ellen Morning Sun, Keokuk India 1875 1918 Wilson, Miss Esther Willis New Brighton, Beaver Valley Egypt 1919 ft Wilson, Miss Ethel Martin (Reformed Presbyterian) India 1913 1917 Wilson, Miss Madeline Elizabeth (Christian Missionary Alliance) Sudan 1924 Wilson, Miss Margaret Mina Second Chicago, Chicago India 1904 1916 223 Wilson, Miss Rozana Toner Morning Sun, Keokuk ii 1886 1918

II Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). 224

HOME CONGREGATION AND Foreign Year Year M arr’ d Died in Service NAME OF MISSIONARY PRESBYTERY Field Ent’ r’d Left in Mission Abroad I Home Women Unmarried Missionaries— of ListAlphabetical Work, Miss Bertha Belle Mahoning, Brookville India 1904 1907 Work, Miss Margaret Anna Fort Morgan, Colorado Egypt 1924 flWork, Miss Mary Elizabeth Richmond, Conemaugh “ 1890 1892 Work, Miss Ruth Adella Greeley, Colorado “ 1904 Worinan, Miss Carrie Second Chicago, Chicago India 1921 1930 Wright, Miss Laura Bertha Morning Sun, First Ohio Egypt 1921 Young, Miss Susan A. Amity, Cedar Rapids 1 ndia 1891 1908 Zink, Miss Gertrude Ellen McNaugher Memorial, Allegheny 1920

H Reappointed by Board of Foreign Missions (see list pp. 197-213). Topical Index 225

TOPICAL INDEX

Abbassia Congregation, Cairo, 54. Bible Women’s Training School, Abbottabad. Station Report, 100- Egypt, 79; India, 147. 102. (See Educational, Evangel­ Blind, W ork for in Egypt, 68. istic W ork.) Board of Foreign Missions, 7; Act Abbottabad Girls’ Primary School, of Incorporation, 12; Adminis­ 101- 102. tration, 16; Appointments, 6; Abyssinia— Introduction, 175; Mis­ Contributions to, 6; General A s­ sion’s Report, 175-187; Roll of sembly Actions,23-25; Finances, Missionaries, 10; Station Re­ 17; Members and Officers of, 7; ports, 176-186; Statistics, 186- Members of since Organization, 187. 196; Officers of since Organiza­ Act of Incorporation, 12. tion, 195; Special Contributions, Addis Ababa. Station Report, 176- 20-22 (See Memorial Funds); 178. (See Educational, Evangel­ Time of Meeting, 7; Transporta­ istic, Medical and W om en’s tion and Purchasing Depart­ Work.) ment, 7, 16. Alexandria. Station Report, 38-42. Board, W om en’s, Appointments, (See Educational, Evangelistic 6; Contributions, 6; General and W om en’s W ork.) Assembly Actions, 31-32; Insti­ Alexandria Boys’ School and Com­ tutions under, 26-30; Items of mercial School, 41. Interest in Reports, 29-30. Alexandria Girls’ Central School, Boys’ Home, Khartum and Ger- 40-41. eif, 163-164. Annuities. (See inside of back Boys’ Industrial Home, India, 109- cover.) 110. Appointment of Missionaries, 6; Budget, Reduction Directed, 25. 23-24. Area Cultivation, 16. Cario. Station Report, 52-62. (See Assembly. Formal Actions of, 23- Educational, Evangelistic, Med­ 25; 31-32. ical and W om en’s W ork.) Assiut. Station Report, 42-50. (See Cairo College for Girls, 58-60. Educational, Evangelistic, In­ Cairo Welfare Bureau for M o­ dustrial, Medical and W om en’s hammedan Converts, 56-57. W ork.) Campbell, Mrs. E. E., 95. Assiut College, 45-46. Campbellpur. Station Report, 103- Assiut Hospital, 49-50. Nurses’ 105. (See Educational, Evangel­ Training School, 49. istic and W om en’s Work.) Associate Secretary, 7. Campbellpur Congregation, 104. Atbara Congregation, 159. Children of Missionaries. Schütz Avalon Girls’ High School. (See School for, 82-83; W oodstock Denham, John and Jane.) School for, 148. Christian Training Institute, In­ dia, 141. Bacos School, 41-42. Colleges: Assiut, 45-46; Cairo Badomali. Station Report, 102-103. Girls’, 58-60; Gordon, 128-129; (See Educational, Evangelistic Cooperation in Kinnaird, 148- and W om en’s W ork.) 149. Benha. Station Report, 50-52. (See Community Centers: Mansura, 70; Educational, Evangelistic, Medi­ Tanta, 79. cal and W om en ’s Work.) Conferences, Summer, 16. Beni Suef. Station Report, 72-74. Contents, Table of, 3. (See Educational, Evangelistic Contributions, Native. (See Sta­ and W om en’s W ork.) tistics). Beni Suef Girls’ School, 73. Correspondence, 194. Bhera Dispensary, 137. Corresponding Secretary, 7. 226 T o pical Index

Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Mansura, 69-70; Minia, 74-75; Egypt, 48, 59, 83-84. Tanta, 76-78; Zagazig, 80-81. Damanhur Congregation, 39. In India: Abbottabad, 101; Bad­ Deaths: Campbell, Mrs. E. E., 95; omali, 102-103; Campbellpur, Philips, Mrs. H. E., 36-37; 104-105; Eminabad, 105-106; Shane, Mr. F. O., 15; Stewart, Gujranwala, 107-108; Gurdas­ Mrs. Robert, 95-96; Watson, pur, 111-112; Jhelum, 115-116; Mrs. Andrew, 35-36; White, Lyallpur, 117-118; Martinpur, Miss Josephine L., 97-98; W il­ 120; Pasrur, 120-122; Pathan- son, Miss Cynthia E., 98-99; kot, 123-124; Rawalpindi, 126- W ilson, Miss Rosa T., 99. 128; Sangla Hill, 131-132; Sar- Denham, John and Jane High godha North, 134-135; Sar- School, 124-125. godha South, 137-138; Sialkot, Department of Purchase and 140-141; Taxila, 143-144; Za­ Transportation, 7, 16. farwal, 145-146. Dhariwal Girls’ School, 112. In the Sudan: Doleib Hill, 165; Dhariwal H igh School, 112-113. Khartum, 158, 160; Khartum Doleib Hill. Station Report, 165- North, 158, 160; Omdurman, 167. (See Educational, Evangel­ 158-159; Nasser, 167-168; istic, Industrial and Medical W adi Haifa, 181. W ork.) In Abyssinia: Addis Ababa, 176- Dongola Congregation, 159. 177; Gorei, 179-180; Sayo, 182- D rug Situation in Egypt, 86-87. 184. Ezbekiya B oys’ School, 57-58. Educational Secretary, 7. Ezbekiya Girls’ Day and Board­ Educational Work— ing School, 60-61. In Egypt: Alexandria, 40-42; Assiut, 45-49; Benha, 51-52; Faggala School for Girls, 61. Beni Suef, 73-74; Cairo, 57-62; Faiyum. Station Report, 62-65. Faiyum, 64-65; Luxor, 67-69; (See Educational, Evangelistic, Mansura, 70-71; Minia, 75; Medical and Women’s Work.) Tanta, 78-79; Zagazig, 81-82. Faiyum Girls’ School, 64. In India: Abbottabad, 101-102; Finances, 17; Summary of Re­ Badomali, 103; Gujranwala, ceipts and Disbursements, 190. 108-111; Gurdaspur, 112-113; Foreword, 5. Jhelum, 114-115; Lyallpur, Fowler Orphanage, 61. 118-119; Pasrur, 122; Pathan- Funds, Memorial, 17-19. kot, 124-125; Rawalpindi, 128- 130; Sangla Hill, 132-133; Sar- Gebbari School, 42. godha North, 135-136; Sar- General Assembly. (See Assem­ godha South, 138-139; Sialkot, bly.) 139-143; Zafarwal, 146. General Information, 194. In the Sudan: D oleib Hill, 166; George Memorial Hospital, 177- Kareima, 162; Khartum and 178. Khartum North, 161-164; Nas­ Gereif Agricultural School, 163- ser, 168-169; W adi Haifa, 170. 164. In Abyssinia: Addis Ababa, 177; Good Samaritan Hospital, 116. Gorei, 180-181; Sayo, 184-185. Gordon College, 128-129. Egypt—In Memoriam, 35-37; Mis­ Gorei. Station Report, 178-181. sion’s Report, 33-89; Roll of (See Educational, Evangelistic Missionaries,8; Station Reports, and Medical Work.) 38-82; Statistics, 87-89. Gujranwala. Station Report, 178- Elliott Dispensary, 125. 181. (See Educational, Evangel­ Eminabad Station Report, 105- istic, Industrial and Women’s 106. W ork.) Evangelistic Work— Gujranwala Girls’ School, 110. In Egypt: Alexandria, 38-40; Gujranwala High School, 110. Assiut, 43-45; Benha, 50-51; Gurdaspur. Station Report, 111- Beni Suef, 72-73; Cairo, 54-57; 113. (See Educational, Evan­ Faiyum, 63-64; Luxor, 66-67; gelistic and Women’s Work.) Topical Index

Gurdaspur Home for Women, 113. Lantern Lectures. (See inside front cover.) Hadra School, 42. Lepers, W ork for, in India, 130- Haret es Sakkain School for Girls, 131. 61-62. Luxor. Station Report, 65-69. Historical Sketch, 11. (See Educational, Evangelistic Hospitals: George Memorial, Ad­ and W om en ’s W ork.) dis Ababa, 177-178; Assiut, A s- Luxor Boys’ School, 68. suit, 49-50; Gorei, Gorei, 181; Luxor Girls’ Boarding School, 67- Shrader Memorial, Khartum, 68. 164-165; G ood Samaritan, Jhel­ Lyallpur. Station Report, 117-119. um, 116; Nasser, Nasser, 169; Malikanwala Congregation, 117. White Memorial, Pasrur, 123; (See Educational, Evangelistic Mary B. Reid Memorial, Sar- and Women’s Work.) godha, 136-137; Mrs. Jean R. Lyallpur Girls’ School, 119. Orr Memorial, Sayo, 186;. Me­ morial, Sialkot, 141-142; Martha Malakwal Dispensary, 137. McKeown, Tanta, 79-80; Taxila, Mansura. Station Report, 69-71. Taxila, 143-144. (See Educational, Evangelistic and Women’s Work.) India—In Memoriam, 95-99; Mis­ Mansura Boys’ School, 70. sion’s Report, 91-151; Roll of Mansura Girls’ School, 71. Missionaries, 10; Station Re­ Martha J. M cK eow n Hospital, 79- ports, 100-146; Statistics, 149- 80. 151. Martinpur. Station Report, 119- Indigenous Church, 14; India, 93- 120. (See Evangelistic and W o­ 94. men’s Work.) Industrial Work— Mary B. Reid Memorial Hospital, In Egypt: Assiut, 46; 136-137. In India: Gujranwala, 109-110; Mary Clokey Porter Girls’ Board­ In the Sudan: Doleib Hill, 166; ing School, 78-79. Gereif, 163-164. Mary D. Taylor Memorial Girls’ In Memoriam, 15; Egypt, 35-37; School, 119-120. India, 95-99. Medical W ork- Institutions under Women’s In Egypt: Assiut, 49-50; Benha, Board, 26-30; Higher Educa­ 52; Cairo, 62; Faiyum, 65; tional Institutions, 191; Medical Tanta, 79-80. Institutions, 192. In India: Bhera, 137; Jhelum, 116; Malakwal, 137; Pasrur, Jhelum. Station Report, 113-117. 123; Pathankot, 125; Leper (See Educational, Evangelistic, Asylum, 130-131; Sargodha, Medical Work.) 136-137; Sialkot, 141-142; T ax­ Jhelum Boys’ School, 114-115. ila, 143-144. Jhelum Girls’ School, 115. In the Sudan: Doleib Hill, 167; Jhelum Hospital, 116. Khartum, 164-165; Nasser, 169-170. In Abyssinia: Addis Ababa, 177- Kafr el Hukima Girls’ School, 82. 178; Gorei, 181; Sayo, 185-186. Karmous Girls’ School, 41. Members of Board, 7, 196. Khartum. Station Report, 157-165. Memorial Funds, 17-19. (See Educational, Evangelistic, Memorial Hospital, Sialkot, 141- Medical and Women’s Work.) 142. Khartum Boys’ Home, 163. Middle Egypt, Report, 71-75. Khartum North Girls’ Boarding Minia. Station Report, 74-75. (See School, 162. Educational and Evangelistic.) Khayatt School for Girls, 48-49. Missionaries. Alphabetical List, Kinnaird College, 148-149. 197-224; Appointments, 6; 23-24; Kinnaird Training Center, 146. Present Roll, 8-9. Kohat Congregation, 126. Missionary Society, Women's Kulali School for Girls, 74. Synodical, India, 147-148. 228 T o pical Index

Moslems, Special Work among, Sangla Hill Girls’ Boarding 56-57. School, 132-133. Sargodha City, 133-134. Nasser. Station Report, 167-170. Sargodha Girls’ Boarding School, (See Educational, Evangelistic 135-136. and Medical Work.) Sargodha Hospital, 136-137. Nile, Synod of, 193. Sargodha North. Station Report, Nelson Pratt School, 119. 134-137. (See Educational, Evangelistic, Medical and W o­ Omdurman. (See Khartum Sta­ men’s Work.) tion Report.) Sargodha South. Station Report, Omdurman Congregation, 158- 137-139. (See Educational, Evan­ 159. gelistic, Medical and Women’s W ork.) Pasrur. Station Report, 120-123. Sayo. Station Report, 181-186. (Sde Educational, Evangelistic, (See Educational, Evangelistic, Medical and Women’s Work.) Medical and Women’s Work.) Pasrur Girls’ Boarding School, Schütz School, 82. 112. Shane, Mr. Fred O., 15. Pasrur Hospital, 123. Sheikhupura. (Report not re­ Pasrur South. (See Badomali.) ceived.) Pathankot. Station Report, 123- Short Term Workers. In Egypt: 126. (See Educational, Evan­ Alexandria, 38; Assiut, 42, 46, gelistic and Medical Work.) 47; Cairo, 53, 59, 60; Luxor, 65. Pathankot City High School, 124- In India: Rawalpindi, 126, 129. 125. Shrader Memorial Hospital, 164- Pathankot Congregation, 123-124. 165. Philips, Mrs. H. E., 36-37. Shubra Church, 54. Port Said Congregation, 80. Sialkot. Station Report, 139-143. Port Sudan Congregation, 159. (See Educational, Evangelistic Porter, Mary Clokey Girls' Board­ and Medical Work.) ing School, 78-79. Sialkot City High School, 140. Postal Rates, 194. Sialkot Memorial Hospital, 141- Prayer League, 16-17. 142. Presbyteries, 193. Special Contributors, list of, 20-22. Pressly Memorial Institute, 47-48. (See Memorial Funds.) Punjab, Synod of, 193. Special Thanks, 20-22. Statistics, Summary of. For Egypt, 87-89; For India, 149-151; Rawalpindi. Station Report, 126- 131. (See Educational, Evan­ For the Sudan, 171-172; For gelistic, Medical and Women’s Abyssinia, 186-187; General, 188- W ork.) 189. Rawalpindi Girls’ School, 130. Stewart, Mrs. Robert, 95-96. Rawalpindi High School, 130. Sudan — Introduction, 155; Mis­ Reports. Of Boards’ activities in sion’s Report, 155-172; Roll of Missionaries, 10; Station Re­ Am erica, 13-32; of E gypt M is­ sion, 33-89; of India Mission, 91- ports, 157-170; Statistics, 171- 172. 151; of Sudan Mission, 155-172; Summary Receipts and Disburse­ o f Abyssinia Mission, 175-187. ments, 190. Retrenchment, Work Closed or Summer Conferences in America, Reduced on Account of Lack of 16. Funds, 54, 65, 69, 70, 74, 78, 93, Summer School for Teachers in 110, 113, 114, 130, 144, 161. Egypt, 83. Synods, 193. Sabbath School Promotion, 17. Sanghoi Middle School, 114. Tanta. Station Report, 75-80. (See Sangla Hill. Station Report, 131- Educational, Evangelistic, Med­ 133. (See Educational, Evangel­ ical and Women’s Work.) istic and Women's Work.) Tanta Community Center, 79. Topical Index 229

Tanta Girls’ School, 78-79. sura, 69-70; Tanta, 77, 79; Tanta Hospital, 79-80. Zagazig, 81. Taxila Hospital, 143-144. In India: Badomali, 102-103; Temperance Efforts, Egypt, 86-87. Campbellpur, 105; Gujran­ Theological Seminaries : In Egypt, wala, 107; Gurdaspur, 113; 57; in India, 108-109. Lyallpur, 118; Martinpur, 120; Pasrur, 121-122; Rawalpindi, Wadi Haifa. Station Report, 170. 127-128; Sargodha North, 135; (See Educational and Evangel­ Sargodha South, 138; Zafar- istic.) wal, 145. Wad Medani Congregation, 157. In the Sudan: Khartum, 160-161. W atson, Mrs. Andrew, 35-36. In Abyssinia: Addis Ababa, 177; W hite, Miss Josephine L., 97-98. Sayo, 182, 183, 184. White Memorial Hospital, 123. Woodstock School for Mission­ William Little School for Girls, aries’ Children, 148. 170. W ilson, Miss Cynthia E., 98-99. Wilson, Miss Rosa T., 99. “ W itness,” 66, 67. Zafarwal. Station Report, 145-146. Women’s Board: Appointments (See Educational, Evangelistic by, 6; Assembly Actions on Re­ and Women’s Work.) ports of, 31-32; Contributions Zagazig. Station Report, 80-82. to, 6; Institutions under, 26-30; (See Educational, Evangelistic Report of, 26-30. and W om en’s W ork.) Women’s Work— Zagazig B oys’ School, 81. In Egypt: Alexandria, 39-40; Zagazig Congregation, 80. Assiut, 44-45; Benha, 51; Beni Zagazig Girls’ School, 81-82. Suef, 72-73; Cairo, 55-56; Fai­ Zenana Work. (See Women’s yum, 63-64; Luxor, 67; Man- W ork.) FOREIGN MISSION LANTERN LECTURES

For You to Use Egypt "Egypt Awakening” (New)—An earnest of the Church's future. “In the Nile Valley”—Egypt, the Land and the People, Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, by Rev. C. C. Adams, D. D. “In the Shadow of the Pyramids”—by Rev, E. E. Elder, D.D. “The Religion of the Crescent”—A survey of Islam, by Rev. n . E. Philips, Ph. D. “At the Point of the Lancet”—Medical (Revised), by F. C. McClanahan, M. D.

India “India's Response” (New) — The Indian Church’s spirit manifested. “The District Missionary” — What he sees and does in India, by Rev. J. G. Campbell. “The Punjabi People”—by Rev. Harris J. Stewart, D. D. “His Witnesses in India” — The Gandhi Lecture — more than half of the slides colored in Japan.

Sudan “Saving the Sudan” (New)—by Rev. J. Lowrie Anderson. The task, opportunity and results.

Abyssinia “Building in Ethiopia” (New) — Pioneer working condi­ tions.

Slides and Lecture Manuscript — ...... $2.00 You provide the screen and lantern The Board pays transportation cost one way

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THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 500 Schaff Bldg., 1505 Race Street Philadelphia, Pa. “ So shall they fear the name of Jehovah from the west, and his glory from the rising of the sun.”