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Index of Authors
Agassiz, Louis 6 Elasser, Walter Allègre, Claude , , , Emiliani, Cesare Alvarez, Louis viii, xiii, –, , – Eldredge, Niles – Alvarez, Walter viii, xiii, –, , , , , , Féraud, Gilbert , , Anders, Edward Fisher, Al Anderson, Don 8, Franklin, Benjamin – Ahrens, Tom , Argand, Emile Gallet, Yves Asaro, Frank , , Gauss, Carl Friedrich Aubert, Guy Jean Geoffroy, Saint-Hilaire Etienne Gilbert, Sir William 8– Baadsgaard, Halfdan Gillot, Pierre-Yves Bakker, Robert Ginsburg, Robert Basu, Ashish Glatzmeier, Gary Besse, Jean , 8, Gould, Stephen Jay x, , Bhandari, Narendra Griffiths, Ross Blackett, P.M.S. Grieve, Robert Blumenbach Guillou, Laurent 8 Bohor, Bruce , – Boynton, William , Hallam, Anthony Brunhes, Bernard Hansen, Hans , 8 Buckland, William Hildebrand, Alan , , Buffetaut, Eric –, , Hofmann, Corinne , Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, comte de Huang, Kainian Hutton, James Bullard, Sir Edward Irving, Ted Camargo, Antonio –, Izett, Glen , Campbell, Ian Cappetta, Henri Jaeger, Jean-Jacques , Carter, Neville , 8 Jaupart, Claude 8 Cazenave, Anny Javoy, Marc , 8, Chodorow, Marvin Jéhanno, Claudine Cisowski, Stanley Clemens, William Keller, Gerta , , – Cuvier, Georges, Baron viii, –, , Kent, Dennis – Kerr, Richard Krogh, Tom –, – Dalrymple, George Brent Kyle, Francis Darwin, Charles viii, David, Pierre Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste de Monet, chevalier Doukhan, Jean-Claude –, de viii, – Drake, Chuck 8, Laj, Carlo de Beaumont, Elie Larson, Roger Duncan, Robert 8, 8, 8 Lenoir, Yves
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Leroux, Hugues Raup, David , –, , , Li ,Tingdong Renne, Paul , Loper, David , , , Richards, Mark 8, 8, Loper, Ramos E. Rikitake, Tsuneji Lowrie, William Roberts, Paul Luck, Jean-Marc 8 Robin, Eric Lutz, Timothy Rocchia, Robert 8, , , , , , Lyell, Sir Charles vii, –, 8, , Rochette, Pierre Machetel, Philippe –8 Runcorn, Keith –, Magaritz, Mordekai Masters, Bruce Sahni, Ashok Matthews, Drummond Schlich, Roland Matuyama, M. Schotsman, Jeanine Mazaud, Alain Sepkoski, Jack , , McElhinny, Michael 8 Self, Steve McFadden, Phil Sharpton, Virgil McKenzie, Dan 8, 8 Shoemaker, Gene McLean, Dewey –, , Sigurdsson, Haraldur Melosh, Jay Smit, Jan 8, 8, , , , – Merrill, Ron Stanley, S.M. 88, 8– Meyer ,G. Stinnesbeck, Wolfgang Meyerhoff, Alexander –8 Stothers, Richard , , –, , , Michard, Gil , Michel, Helen Swinburne, Nicola 8 Milankovic, Milutin Swisher, Carl Miller, G.H. 8 Molnar, Peter – Tackley, Paul 8 Montigny, Raymond Tapponnier, Paul – Morgan, Jason , –, , , Thorarinsson, S. Morley, L.W. Toft, P. , 8 Toutain, Jean-Paul Nataf, Henri-Claude Turekian, Carl 8
Officer, Chuck 8, , 8, , , Urey ,Harold – Olsen, Paul Vandamme, Didier Olson, Peter Vine, Fred Olssen, Richard Vogt, Peter 8, Opdyke, Neil Orth, Carl Ward, Peter , Owen, Sir Richard Wegener, Alfred Whewell, Patriat, Philippe White ,Robert 8– Penfield, Glen – Whitehead, Jim Phillips, John Wilson, Tuzo – Planck, Max Wolbach, Wendy Playfair, John Popper, Carl x, Yang, X. , – Prony, Marie Riche, baron de Yirgu, Gezahegn
Rampino, Michael , –, , Zoller, Ed
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Subject index
R , Brazos River , Brito-Arctic volcanic province (traps) Abatomphalus mayaroensis Brunhes chron , , abyssal plain , , , Bryozoan , acid rain , , , Burgess Shale see also ozone layer burrowing organisms , Aden, gulf of , , – Bushveld adiabatic gradient aerosol , , Campanian Afar , , carbon isotopes Agung (volcano) carbon cycle – algae , , carbon monoxide ammonite , , , , carbon dioxide , –, – amphibian , carbonate andesite , , Carboniferous , angiosperm Carribean , , anoxic events , catastrophes , Antarctica catastrophism viii, –, – antimony , see also impacts, volcanism Apennines causal relationship , , Aptian , see also correlation Arabian Sea , Cenomanian argon, see potassium–argon dating Cenozoic arsenic , Eras , ash see ejecta massacres asthenosphere chaos theory , asteroid , , – Chicxulub –, –, Atlantic , , chron , , – atmospheric plume chronozone, see chron clay , , , ballistic , climate –, –, , , , , basalt –, , , , Béloc section , , coal bentonite coccolithophores biological productivity coelacanth biological pump collision biomass continenta , , , bioturbation extraterrestrial , , – birds of plates –, , bivalves , , Columbia River Traps , , blind test , comet – bombardment , –, , compensation depth boundary layer conodonts bovine leprosy continental drift , brachiopods , convection, see mantle convection Brazil twins Cook Islands
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coral Emperor (seamounts) core, Earth’s , , Eocene–Oligocene boundary correlation , –, , –, –, era, see geological era , erosion , crater , eruption column see also individual craters Etendeka Traps , Cretaceous , Ethiopian Traps , , , Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT) boundary , explosive volcanism, see volcanic –, , , , , –, , , activity, explosive , – extinction of species , , , crinoid mass , , , –, , –, crisis viii, –, – –, , , see also named crises extraterrestrial material , , –, crocodile – microspherule – crust extrusion Earth’s , , oceanic falsifiable model see also ocean ridge Faraday’s law Cuba , Farrar , cyclostratigraphy fault transform fault – D" layer – feldspar dead ocean ferns , death star, see Nemesis fireball Deccan Traps –, , , –, –, fissures (volcanic) , , , , , –, –, –, , flagellates declination (magnetic) flood xii, defect (mineralogical) –, –, –, biblical , hundred year Devonian–Carboniferous boundary , flood basalts –, , –, see also Deccan Traps diagenesis fluxgate magnetometer diamonds food chain , diapir , Foraminifera –, , diaplectic glass fossil -, , –, – diatoms fusulinid dinosaurs , –, , , dioxin gastropods , , Diplodocus Genyornis dipole geochemistry , dislocation, see line defect geochronology, see geological era diversity, see species’ diversity geographic North , – double star, see Nemesis geological era , , , dust see ejecta geological stage , , , , , –, dynamo theory – , Ghats (India) earthquake –, ginkgo East African rift – glaciation , , Easter Island global warming eccentricity see also climate, greenhouse effect ecliptic Glomar Challenger (ocean vessel) ejecta –, , , , , , , , Gondwanaland , goniatite El Chichon (volcano) greenhouse effect , , El Kef section , –, , Greenland Traps Emeishan Traps Gubbio section , –, ,
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Haiti section magnetic field Hawaii –, components – heat flux – Earth’s –, –, Hettangian normal –, Himalayas , , , polarity Hoggar reversal , –, –, , , , , , hot spot –, –, – , –, – volcanoes magnetite , hydrogen chloride magnetization , –, – magnetometer , , ice cores , mammals , Iceland , placental , impact –, –, , , –, see also proto-mammals Manicouagan (crater) impact winter Manson (crater) inclination (magnetic) mantle , –, – iridium –, , –, , , convection in –, island arc – transition zone –, isotopes see also D" layer daughter mantle plume, see hot spot parent marine regression, see regression marine see also uranium, oxygen, carbon isotopes mass extinction, see extinction mass isotope dating , , mass spectrometer Mauritius , Jamaica plateau McDonald (submarine volcano) Jan Mayen Island Mesozoic , Jaramillo subchron Meteor (crater) Joides Resolution (ocean vessel) , meteorite –, Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary Mexico , micrometeorite Kara crater microscopy –, Karoo Traps microspherule Kerguelen Island microtektites Kiaman superchron – mid-oceanic ridge, see ocean ridge Kilauea (volcano) , Milankovic cycles , , kimberlite Mimbral section , – Krakatoa (volcano) , Miocene , KT boundary, see Cretaceous–Tertiary moldavite Kutch – mollusk , Montagnais (crater) , labradorite Moon , , labyrinthodonta viii mosasaur Laki Flow , Mount St Helens – lamella –, – Laurasia nautiloid lava Nemesis – limestone , neutron activation , Line Islands Nevado del Ruiz (volcano) lithosphere –, nickel , , plate nitrogen oxides living fossils nuclear winter ix, Louisville Islands Lystrosaurus Occam’s razor ocean –, , Maastrichtian basin , magnesioferrites islands
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plateau reversal (magnetic), see magnetic field ridges –, –, , rhyolite trench Richter scale oil shale Ries (impact crater) olivine ring of fire Ontong–Java (submarine plateau) , , Roza Flow – Oort cloud sampling ophiolite sauropods, see dinosaurs opportunistic plants, see ferns Saya de Malha Ordovician–Silurian boundary scaglia rossa , osmium – scenario ix, , –, , –, , , oxygen isotopes –, , , , , , ozone , , –, , sea level , , , , Paleocene–Eocene boundary , secular change, magnetic paleomagnetism , , , –, – sedimentation , , , , –, paleontology – – Paleozoic viii, , , , seiche Pallisade Sills seismic waves , – Pangea , Serra Geral Traps, see Parana Traps paradigm Seychelles , Parana Traps , shark paroxysmal phase , , shatter cone periodicity Shiva Permian–Triassic boundary , –, , shock –, –, , –, , , , , perovskite shocked mineral , pH – shocked quartz –, –, –, , Phanerozoic , , , , –, , , , phosphate nodule , photosynthesis Shoemaker–Levy comet – Pikaia shooting star Pinatubo (volcano) Siberian Traps , , – Piton de la Fournaise , , signal processing Piton des Neiges Signor–Lipps effect plankton , , –, Silurian plate tectonics –, , , –, – smectite platinum soot Pliocene species’ diversity – plumes –, , –, –, – spherule , , , polarity, see magnetic polarity spinel –, potassium–argon dating , , stage, geological, see geological stage precession stegocephalian, see labyrinthodonta proto-mammals –, Stevens Klint section , punctuated equilibrium – stishovite Purgatorius strata –, , stratigraphic section, see strata radiolaria , stratigraphy , – Rajmahal Traps , stratosphere Raton Basin subduction trench, see trench ray , sulfide Red Sea , sulfur dioxide regression (marine) , , , sulfuric acid , reptile , , superchron – Réunion Island – supernova
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Takena formation turbidites , Tambora , – turtle tectonic plate, see plate tectonics tektite , , ultraviolet temperature, see climate uniformitarianism –, terrella uranium–lead dating Tethys Sea – Ust Kara (crater) thermal plume, see hot spot Tibet Vesuvius (volcano) plateau volcanic activity see also Deccan Traps episodes of Toba (volcano) , – explosive –, –, , , transform fault, see fault winter transition zone –, see also fissures, individual volcanoes traps –, , , –, –, , , volcanism , , , , , , , see also individual traps Vredefort trenches Triassic–Jurassic boundary , Walvis Ridge , trilobite viii, warming, see climate Tristan da Cunha , , Williams–Riley (biological pump) tropopause troposphere Yellowstone tsunami Yucatán (crater) – Tuamotu Islands see also Chicxulub Tunguska (comet)
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