(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,345,770 B2 Storkus Et Al

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,345,770 B2 Storkus Et Al US00934,577OB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,345,770 B2 Storkus et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 24, 2016 (54) MMUNOGENIC TUMIOR ASSOCATED (2013.01); G0IN33/57438 (2013.01); G0IN STROMAL CELLANTIGEN PEPTIDES AND 33/57446 (2013.01); A61 K 2039/5154 METHODS OF THEIR USE (2013.01); A61 K 2039/5 158 (2013.01); A61 K 2039/5256 (2013.01); A61 K 2039/53 (2013.01); (71) Applicant: University of Pittsburgh-Of the A61 K 2039/55538 (2013.01) Commonwealth System of Higher (58) Field of Classification Search Education, Pittsburgh, PA (US) None (72) Inventors: Walter J. Storkus, Pittsburgh, PA (US); See application file for complete search history. Anamika Bose, Kolkata (IN); Jennifer Lynn Taylor, McDonald, PA (US); Xi (56) References Cited Zhao, Pittsburgh, PA (US); Devin B. U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Lowe, Pittsburgh, PA (US) 7,981,424 B2 7/2011 Malli et al. (73) Assignee: University of Pittsburgh-Of the 2009,0299038 A1 12/2009 Nakamura et al. Commonwealth System of Higher Education, Pittsburgh, PA (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS AU 2003218603 B2 10, 2003 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this AU 2007318483 A1 5, 2008 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO WO995.5865 * 11/1999 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO WOO3,O75921 A2 9, 2003 WO WOO3O86450 * 10/2003 Appl. No.: 14/358,705 (21) OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) PCT Fled: Nov. 15, 2012 Zhao et al. Molecular therapy 19:805-814, Apr. 2011.* PCT NO.: PCT/US2012/065.327 Gonzalez et al., Eur J. Immunol 45:2615-27, 2015.* (86) International Search Report from parent PCT Application No. PCT/ S371 (c)(1), US2012/065327, 7 pages (mailed Dec. 19, 2012). (2) Date: May 15, 2014 Written Opinion from parent PCT Application No. PCT/US2012/ 065327, 6 pages. (mailed Dec. 19, 2012). (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2O13/07482O Yan et al., “RAGE and amyloid-beta peptide neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease.” Nature 22:382(6593):685-691 (1996) PCT Pub. Date: May 23, 2013 (Abstract only). Zhao et al., “Intratumoral IL-12 Gene Therapy Results in the (65) Prior Publication Data Crosspriming of Tcl Cells Reactive Against Tumor-associated US 2014/0314758A1 Oct. 23, 2014 Stromal Antigens.” Mol Ther: 19(4):805-814 (2011). Related U.S. Application Data * cited by examiner (60) Provisional application No. 61/560,597, filed on Nov. Primary Examiner — Lei Yao 16, 2011. (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Klarduist Sparkman, LLP (51) Int. C. (57) ABSTRACT A6 IK 45/06 (2006.01) A6 IK38/08 (2006.01) Immunogenic peptides from tumor associated Stromal cell A6 IK38/17 (2006.01) antigens, including combinations of Such peptides, are dis GOIN33/574 (2006.01) closed herein. In some examples the peptides are useful for A6 IK39/00 (2006.01) methods of eliciting an immune response. In additional A6 IK3I/506 (2006.01) examples the peptides are useful for methods of treating (52) U.S. C. cancer. Methods for decreasing vascularization of a tumor CPC ............... A61K 45/06 (2013.01); A61 K3I/506 using a Protein Delta Homolog 1 (DLK1) protein or a nucleic (2013.01); A61 K38/08 (2013.01); A61 K acid encoding the protein are also disclosed. 38/1709 (2013.01); A61K39/00II (2013.01); G0IN33/574 (2013.01); G0IN33/5743 17 Claims, 27 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 1 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG . 1A U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 2 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 1B -- yf Sri s gp OO 3-Actin U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 3 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 2A FIG 2B KC U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 4 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 see wwii-, 8.8 X, (8S is (&x. exist So M \s: $ (Odd & is). A S. ..i. s S sS. SSS)Kas w d w w Sei (168) qu-bold (9ev) adhn $ Š S&SN. xxxiY. \s W. w.x. 8:8- &- x -S. (888 i &isiN &. (88w ex ( & & ex Š 88 &Y is (sae ixi to St. Xix (9a) >ic {{ { a \si U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 6 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 4 U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 7 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 5 ·luww+z?l 21|oo!d6+ w & tes stiniated wit: U.S. Patent US 9,345,770 B2 U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 9 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 7 600 prior. Control Ni (k 500 & g-A-A2 Š -C 400 380 200 it? ( 600 p.mmm, D.C. 5-Treated St - 3 - it t g g : s Se a e o Pericytes WEC Target Cells Analyzed: U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 10 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 áæta?Y 88" 8GIO U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 11 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 9A FIG. 9B ?!--~~~~~~~~ **** av's est-user ineculation U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 12 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 10A FIG. 10B p 8. 3 - 3 &tive *egitie: FIG. 10C FIG. 10D +****???Å E is Y-se: Peptide: U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 13 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 11A soooooooo- sex sex weexs Control Vaccine XS steeise Vareiaei ww {{s- acD8 g" s w rf Days Post-Tunner Inoculation F.G. 11B 8. r arrassarass- SSSSSS &n. Naas S. Sassarasara-arss i it : ) it : Pays Post-funer inoculation F.G. 11C -- c. 388: - - E38: {}ay s trar $8; Se ER3 ... '8: Si:SS is -x-- $8: SE&SS * k -- Ss. VES: ----&- A&; ERS 83 8: S: S8 is SS s: says east-Tirner are ulation U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 14 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 12 a 20 1000 80 38 8 .ssori:****P****,ano?ovAxridi?a?wpoova Hae??z?***3: K K ?vi.xså Hae?.******** serieyte W ************ ±(+-******** T2 - TBVA-Berived Peptides: U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 15 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 200 too a Sa. W . 4ee p.m. 300 288 it}} a : 400 300 288 100 : Nome faaaaaaaaaaaaaaa- 3 S S. ( S) { Si S ( S) bays Past- unior acetiation U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 16 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 14 R8. U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 17 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 15 K Eph A2 HBB NR PDGFRB SY RESS EY YER YEGFR. (3. -Actin U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 18 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 5 w Xa Y. N. NoN. s $ N N. N s& 8 isssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss CDs TIL 8 & 38(YS SS: 38 S8 & Sis 88 R Sax w ar. 0.56 & is $$$. ii & 8& is 38 & & Si: 888 C)S. (8 8 : S8 3 & Trai Size is: U.S. Patent Sheet 19 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 F.G. 17A FIG 17B 34% ;-- st -- 'etirie U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 20 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 18 DC + Peptide w U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 21 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 22 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 *OCI |001 |08 |09 |ow 83u83S8ion pee ifieu U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 23 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - a mama arrananar exaaaaaa. wa My S > xx is so a key v. t N w s s w- N w w c as 80x) a2ueoSa ionid to e2e30 L (six eauss&ion six 83u83 saion p3e333 -oo auaouad pee ifieu 8do p33e389 it yid N AWOACO 2 i e ce s N w (guiu) aziS WON U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 24 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 ; ei SS. 38'N, (x) aguaose ionid fii (Ofgh fiti pae fest SN wn Na w C U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 25 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 FIG. 23A . S , IvNEG IvDLK1 U.S. Patent May 24, 2016 Sheet 26 of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 U.S. Patent May 24 9 2016 Sheet 27 Of 27 US 9,345,770 B2 US 9,345,770 B2 1. 2 IMMUNOGENIC TUMIOR ASSOCATED In further embodiments, the immunogenic TASA peptides, STROMAL CELLANTIGEN PEPTIDES AND polynucleotides, vectors and host cells can be used, for METHODS OF THEIR USE example, for inducing an immune response to one or more TASA or to treat or inhibit cancer. This is the U.S. National Stage of International Application In additional embodiments, methods are disclosed for No. PCT/US2012/065327, filed Nov. 15, 2012, which was treating a tumor, such as by decreasing vascularization of a published in English under PCT Article 21(2), which in turn tumor. The methods include administering to a subject having claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. a tumor an effective amount of a Protein Delta Homolog 1 61/560,597, filed on Nov. 16, 2011, which is incorporated by (DLK1) protein, a nucleic acid encoding the DLK1 protein, reference herein in its entirety. 10 or a dendritic cell transformed with the nucleic acid. In some non-limiting examples, the methods also include administer ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF GOVERNMENT ing to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of beva SUPPORT cizumab, Sunitinib, axitinib, an HSP90 inhibitor, or gencitab ine/fludarabine. In additional non-limiting examples, the This invention was made with government Support under 15 tumor is a melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma or colorectal Grant Nos.
Recommended publications
  • Predictive QSAR Tools to Aid in Early Process Development of Monoclonal Antibodies
    Predictive QSAR tools to aid in early process development of monoclonal antibodies John Micael Andreas Karlberg Published work submitted to Newcastle University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Engineering November 2019 Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the fastest growing markets for diagnostic and therapeutic treatments over the last 30 years with a global sales revenue around $89 billion reported in 2017. A popular framework widely used in pharmaceutical industries for designing manufacturing processes for mAbs is Quality by Design (QbD) due to providing a structured and systematic approach in investigation and screening process parameters that might influence the product quality. However, due to the large number of product quality attributes (CQAs) and process parameters that exist in an mAb process platform, extensive investigation is needed to characterise their impact on the product quality which makes the process development costly and time consuming. There is thus an urgent need for methods and tools that can be used for early risk-based selection of critical product properties and process factors to reduce the number of potential factors that have to be investigated, thereby aiding in speeding up the process development and reduce costs. In this study, a framework for predictive model development based on Quantitative Structure- Activity Relationship (QSAR) modelling was developed to link structural features and properties of mAbs to Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC) retention times and expressed mAb yield from HEK cells. Model development was based on a structured approach for incremental model refinement and evaluation that aided in increasing model performance until becoming acceptable in accordance to the OECD guidelines for QSAR models.
    [Show full text]
  • Activating Death Receptor DR5 As a Therapeutic Strategy for Rhabdomyosarcoma
    International Scholarly Research Network ISRN Oncology Volume 2012, Article ID 395952, 10 pages doi:10.5402/2012/395952 Review Article Activating Death Receptor DR5 as a Therapeutic Strategy for Rhabdomyosarcoma Zhigang Kang,1, 2 Shi-Yong Sun,3 and Liang Cao1 1 Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA 2 Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA 3 Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Liang Cao, [email protected] Received 4 January 2012; Accepted 24 January 2012 Academic Editors: E. Boven and S. Mandruzzato Copyright © 2012 Zhigang Kang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children. It is believed to arise from skeletal muscle progenitors, preserving the expression of genes critical for embryonic myogenic development such as MYOD1 and myogenin. RMS is classified as embryonal, which is more common in younger children, or alveolar, which is more prevalent in elder children and adults. Despite aggressive management including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the outcome for children with metastatic RMS is dismal, and the prognosis has remained unchanged for decades. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process critical for embryonic development and tissue and organ homeostasis. Like other types of cancers, RMS develops by evading intrinsic apoptosis via mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibody Drug Conjugate Development in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Hopes and Hurdles from Clinical Trials
    Wu et al. Cancer Drug Resist 2018;1:204-18 Cancer DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2018.16 Drug Resistance Review Open Access Antibody drug conjugate development in gastrointestinal cancers: hopes and hurdles from clinical trials Xiaorong Wu, Thomas Kilpatrick, Ian Chau Department of Medical oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS foundation trust, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK. Correspondence to: Dr. Ian Chau, Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS foundation trust, Downs Road, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK. E-mail: [email protected] How to cite this article: Wu X, Kilpatrick T, Chau I. Antibody drug conjugate development in gastrointestinal cancers: hopes and hurdles from clinical trials. Cancer Drug Resist 2018;1:204-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cdr.2018.16 Received: 31 Aug 2018 First Decision: 8 Oct 2018 Revised: 13 Nov 2018 Accepted: 16 Nov 2018 Published: 19 Dec 2018 Science Editors: Elisa Giovannetti, Jose A. Rodriguez Copy Editor: Cui Yu Production Editor: Huan-Liang Wu Abstract Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are a rapidly growing new class of anti-cancer agents which may improve GI cancer patient survival. ADCs combine tumour-antigen specific antibodies with cytotoxic drugs to deliver tumour cell specific chemotherapy. Currently, only two ADCs [brentuximab vedotin and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)] have been Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of lymphoma and metastatic breast cancer, respectively. Clinical research evaluating ADCs in GI cancers has shown limited success. In this review, we will retrace the relevant clinical trials investigating ADCs in GI cancers, especially ADCs targeting human epidermal growth receptor 2, mesothelin, guanylyl cyclase C, carcinogenic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 5 (also known as CEACAM5) and other GI malignancy specific targets.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of the Anti-Tumor Immunoconjugate, Cantuzumab Mertansine (Huc242-DM1), and Its Two Components in Mice
    JPET Fast Forward. Published on November 21, 2003 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.060533 JPET FastThis Forward. article has not Published been copyedited on andNovember formatted. The 21, final 2003 version as mayDOI:10.1124/jpet.103.060533 differ from this version. JPET #60533 Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the anti-tumor immunoconjugate, cantuzumab mertansine (huC242-DM1), and its two components in mice Hongsheng Xie, Charlene Audette, Mary Hoffee, John M. Lambert, and Walter A. Blättler ImmunoGen, Inc, 128 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139 Downloaded from jpet.aspetjournals.org at ASPET Journals on October 2, 2021 1 Copyright 2003 by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. JPET Fast Forward. Published on November 21, 2003 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.060533 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET #60533 Pharmacokinetics of cantuzumab mertansine in mice Hongsheng Xie ImmunoGen, Inc. 128 Sidney Street Downloaded from Cambridge, MA 02139 Tel.: (617) 995-2500 jpet.aspetjournals.org Fax: (617) 995-2510 e-mail: [email protected] at ASPET Journals on October 2, 2021 Number of text pages: 33 Number of tables: 2 Number of figures: 6 Number of references: 20 Number of words in the abstract: 219 Number of words in the introduction: 587 Number of words in the discussion: 1538 2 JPET Fast Forward. Published on November 21, 2003 as DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.060533 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. JPET #60533 Abstract The humanized monoclonal antibody-maytansinoid conjugate, cantuzumab mertansine (huC242-DM1) that contains on average three to four linked drug molecules per antibody molecule was evaluated in CD-1 mice for its pharmacokinetic behavior and tissue distribution and the results were compared with those of the free antibody, huC242.
    [Show full text]
  • Patient Resource Free
    PATIENT RESOURCE FREE Third Edition CancerUnderstanding Immunotherapy Published in partnership with CONTENT REVIEWED BY A DISTINGUISHED PRP MEDICAL PATIENT ADVISORY RESOURCE BOARD PUBLISHING® Understanding TABLE OF CONTENTS Cancer Immunotherapy Third Edition IN THIS GUIDE 1 Immunotherapy Today 2 The Immune System 4 Immunotherapy Strategies 6 Melanoma Survivor Story: Jane McNee Chief Executive Officer Mark A. Uhlig I didn’t look sick, so I didn’t want to act sick. Publisher Linette Atwood Having and treating cancer is only one part of your life. Co-Editor-in-Chief Charles M. Balch, MD, FACS Jane McNee, melanoma survivor Co-Editor-in-Chief Howard L. Kaufman, MD, FACS Senior Vice President Debby Easum 7 The Road to Immunotherapy Vice President, Operations Leann Sandifar 8 Cancer Types Managing Editor Lori Alexander, MTPW, ELS, MWC™ 14 Side Effects Senior Editors Dana Campbell Colleen Scherer 15 Glossary Graphic Designer Michael St. George 16 About Clinical Trials Medical Illustrator Todd Smith 16 Cancer Immunotherapy Clinical Trials by Disease Production Manager Jennifer Hiltunen 35 Support & Financial Resources Vice Presidents, Amy Galey Business Development Kathy Hungerford 37 Notes Stephanie Myers Kenney Account Executive Melissa Amaya Office Address 8455 Lenexa Drive CO-EDITORS-IN-CHIEF Overland Park, KS 66214 For Additional Information [email protected] Charles M. Balch, MD, FACS Advisory Board Visit our website at Professor of Surgery, The University of Texas PatientResource.com to read bios of MD Anderson Cancer Center our Medical and Patient Advisory Board. Editor-in-Chief, Patient Resource LLC Editor-in-Chief, Annals of Surgical Oncology Past President, Society of Surgical Oncology For Additional Copies: To order additional copies of Patient Resource Cancer Guide: Understanding Cancer Immunotherapy, Howard L.
    [Show full text]
  • Tanibirumab (CUI C3490677) Add to Cart
    5/17/2018 NCI Metathesaurus Contains Exact Match Begins With Name Code Property Relationship Source ALL Advanced Search NCIm Version: 201706 Version 2.8 (using LexEVS 6.5) Home | NCIt Hierarchy | Sources | Help Suggest changes to this concept Tanibirumab (CUI C3490677) Add to Cart Table of Contents Terms & Properties Synonym Details Relationships By Source Terms & Properties Concept Unique Identifier (CUI): C3490677 NCI Thesaurus Code: C102877 (see NCI Thesaurus info) Semantic Type: Immunologic Factor Semantic Type: Amino Acid, Peptide, or Protein Semantic Type: Pharmacologic Substance NCIt Definition: A fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), with potential antiangiogenic activity. Upon administration, tanibirumab specifically binds to VEGFR2, thereby preventing the binding of its ligand VEGF. This may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and a decrease in tumor nutrient supply. VEGFR2 is a pro-angiogenic growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by endothelial cells, while VEGF is overexpressed in many tumors and is correlated to tumor progression. PDQ Definition: A fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), with potential antiangiogenic activity. Upon administration, tanibirumab specifically binds to VEGFR2, thereby preventing the binding of its ligand VEGF. This may result in the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and a decrease in tumor nutrient supply. VEGFR2 is a pro-angiogenic growth factor receptor
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,161,992 B2 Jefferies Et Al
    US009 161992B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,161,992 B2 Jefferies et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 20, 2015 (54) P97 FRAGMENTS WITH TRANSFER 4,683.202 A 7, 1987 Mullis ACTIVITY 4,704,362 A 11/1987 Itakura et al. 4,766,075 A 8, 1988 Goeddeletal. (71) Applicant: biosis Technologies, Inc., Richmond 4,800,1594,784.950 A 11/19881/1989 MullisHagen et al. (CA) 4,801,542 A 1/1989 Murray et al. 4.866,042 A 9, 1989 Neuwelt (72) Inventors: Wilfred Jefferies, South Surrey (CA); 4,935,349 A 6/1990 McKnight et al. Mei Mei Tian, Coquitlam (CA): 4.946,778 A 8, 1990 Ladner et al. Timothy Vitalis, Vancouver (CA) 5,091,513 A 2f1992 Huston et al. 5,132,405 A 7, 1992 Huston et al. (73) Assignee: biOasis Technologies, Inc., British 5, 186,941 A 2f1993 Callahan et al. Columbia (CA) 5,672,683 A 9, 1997 Friden et al. 5,677,171 A 10, 1997 Hudziak et al. c - r 5,720,937 A 2f1998 Hudziak et al. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,720,954. A 2f1998 Hudziak et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 5,725,856 A 3, 1998 Hudziak et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 5,770,195 A 6/1998 Hudziak et al. 5,772,997 A 6/1998 Hudziak et al. (21) Appl. No.: 14/226,506 5,844,093 A 12/1998 Kettleborough et al. 5,962,012 A 10, 1999 Lin et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Novel Bioconjugation Strategies for Creating Cancer-Targeting Nanomaterials
    Development of novel bioconjugation strategies for creating cancer-targeting nanomaterials Andri Wardiana Bachelor of Science (Chemistry) Master of Biotechnology https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1335-1320 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2020 Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) Abstract Nanomaterials used in therapy and in vivo imaging diagnostics have the potential to be highly specific through the use of monoclonal antibody targeting, and there are several promising antibody- targeted nanomaterial candidates being tested in clinical trials. Numerous bioconjugation approaches for the attachment of antibody and antibody fragments to the surface of nanoparticles have been investigated. The challenge is to create stable and reliable bio-nanomaterials, as the conjugation approaches are complex, require optimization, and have low conjugation efficiency. Indeed, the development of an optimal and efficient method of bioconjugation is crucial for routinely producing hybrid bio-nanomaterials suitable for therapeutic and in vivo diagnostic applications. In this study, we focused on the development of bio-nanomaterial conjugates targeting prostate cancer as a model disease. For receptor targeting, we focused on prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), since this transmembrane protein is over-expressed in all prostate cancer stages. As such, PSMA is an ideal target in prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, in this investigation, we describe an active-targeting ligand for prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy, based on the anti-PSMA J591 antibody. We have developed two novel methodologies for bioconjugation of the anti-PSMA antibody fragment to nanomaterials to create novel targeting bio-nanomaterials. Both methods were applied in novel applications and provide a simplistic and efficient way to create targeted nanomaterials for in vivo imaging and therapy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolving Concept of Cancer and Metastasis Stem Cells
    JCB: Review The evolving concept of cancer and metastasis stem cells Irène Baccelli1,2 and Andreas Trumpp1,2 1Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany 2Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany The cancer stem cell (CSC) concept, which arose more review is to illustrate the current dynamic view of CSCs to fos- than a decade ago, proposed that tumor growth is sus- ter the development of better therapeutic approaches to target this highly complex and deadly disease. tained by a subpopulation of highly malignant cancerous cells. These cells, termed CSCs, comprise the top of the The classical concept of CSCs tumor cell hierarchy and have been isolated from many Adult regenerating tissues (such as the skin, the gastrointes- leukemias and solid tumors. Recent work has discovered tinal mucosa, or the hematopoietic system) are hierarchically Downloaded from that this hierarchy is embedded within a genetically het- organized (Murphy et al., 2005; Fuchs and Nowak, 2008; van erogeneous tumor, in which various related but distinct der Flier and Clevers, 2009; Seita and Weissman, 2010). At the top of the cellular organization, normal adult stem cells subclones compete within the tumor mass. Thus, geneti- maintain tissues during homeostasis and facilitate their regen- cally distinct CSCs exist on top of each subclone, revealing eration, for example in response to infection or to cell loss a highly complex cellular composition of tumors. The CSC due to injury. These physiological stem cells are defined by concept has therefore evolved to better model the complex their functional properties: they have the life-long capacity to jcb.rupress.org and highly dynamic processes of tumorigenesis, tumor self-renew (the ability to give rise to a new stem cell after cell relapse, and metastasis.
    [Show full text]
  • Modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States To
    U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Shara L. Aranoff, Chairman Daniel R. Pearson, Vice Chairman Deanna Tanner Okun Charlotte R. Lane Irving A. Williamson Dean A. Pinkert Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States to Implement the Dominican Republic- Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement With Respect to Costa Rica Publication 4038 December 2008 (This page is intentionally blank) Pursuant to the letter of request from the United States Trade Representative of December 18, 2008, set forth in the Appendix hereto, and pursuant to section 1207(a) of the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act, the Commission is publishing the following modifications to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) to implement the Dominican Republic- Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement, as approved in the Dominican Republic-Central America- United States Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, with respect to Costa Rica. (This page is intentionally blank) Annex I Effective with respect to goods that are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after January 1, 2009, the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS) is modified as provided herein, with bracketed matter included to assist in the understanding of proclaimed modifications. The following supersedes matter now in the HTS. (1). General note 4 is modified as follows: (a). by deleting from subdivision (a) the following country from the enumeration of independent beneficiary developing countries: Costa Rica (b).
    [Show full text]
  • One Target, Different Effects: a Comparison of Distinct Therapeutic Antibodies Against the Same Targets
    EXPERIMENTAL and MOLECULAR MEDICINE, Vol. 43, No. 10, 539-549, October 2011 One target, different effects: a comparison of distinct therapeutic antibodies against the same targets Hyunbo Shim ple, four antibodies against TNF-α have been approved by the FDA -- infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and Department of Life Science certolizumab pegol -- with many more in clinical and Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences preclinical development. The situation is similar for Ewha Womans University HER2, CD20, EGFR, and VEGF, each having one or Seoul 120-750, Korea more approved antibodies and many more under Correspondence: Tel, 82-2-3277-4240; development. This review discusses the different bind- Fax, 82-2-3277-3760; E-mail, [email protected] ing characteristics, mechanisms of action, and bio- http://dx.doi.org/10.3858/emm.2011.43.10.063 logical and clinical activities of multiple monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α, HER-2, CD20, and EGFR and Accepted 2 August 2011 provides insights into the development of therapeutic Available Online 3 August 2011 antibodies. Abbreviations: ADC, antibody-drug conjugate; ADCC, antibody- dependent cellular cytotoxicity; CD20, cluster of differentiation Keywords: antibodies, monoclonal; antigens, CD20; 20; CDC, complement dependent cytotoxicity; CLL, chronic pharmacology; receptor, epidermal growth factor; re- lymphocytic leukemia; ECD, extracellular domain; EGFR, epi- ceptor, erbB-2; tumor necrosis factor-α dermal growth factor receptor; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhe- sion molecule; FcγR, Fc gamma receptor;
    [Show full text]
  • Antibody-Radionuclide Conjugates for Cancer Therapy: Historical Considerations and New Trends
    CCR FOCUS Antibody-Radionuclide Conjugates for Cancer Therapy: Historical Considerations and New Trends Martina Steiner and Dario Neri Abstract When delivered at a sufficient dose and dose rate to a neoplastic mass, radiation can kill tumor cells. Because cancer frequently presents as a disseminated disease, it is imperative to deliver cytotoxic radiation not only to the primary tumor but also to distant metastases, while reducing exposure of healthy organs as much as possible. Monoclonal antibodies and their fragments, labeled with therapeutic radionuclides, have been used for many years in the development of anticancer strategies, with the aim of concentrating radioactivity at the tumor site and sparing normal tissues. This review surveys important milestones in the development and clinical implementation of radioimmunotherapy and critically examines new trends for the antibody-mediated targeted delivery of radionuclides to sites of cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 17(20); 6406–16. Ó2011 AACR. Introduction are immunogenic in humans and thus prevent repeated administration to patients [this limitation was subse- In 1975, the invention of hybridoma technology by quently overcome by the advent of chimeric, humanized, Kohler€ and Milstein (1) enabled for the first time the and fully human antibodies (7)]. Of more importance, production of rodent antibodies of single specificity most radioimmunotherapy approaches for the treatment (monoclonal antibodies). Antibodies recognize the cog- of solid tumors failed because the radiation dose deliv- nate
    [Show full text]