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Achievement of Psychomotor Skills Through Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Requiring Immersive Presence(Csclip)

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Achievement of Psychomotor Skills Through Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Requiring Immersive Presence(Csclip) ACHIEVEMENT OF PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS THROUGH COMPUTER SUPPORTED COLLABORATIVE LEARNING REQUIRING IMMERSIVE PRESENCE(CSCLIP) By JOYCE ANN LUCCA Bachelor of Science Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana, PA 1978 Master of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 1998 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August, 2003 ACHIEVEMENT OF PSYCHOMOTOR SKILLS THROUGH COMPUTER SUPPORTED COLLABORATIVE LEARNING REQUIRING IMMERSIVE PRESENCE (CSCLIP) Thesis Approved: ~~ 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To my committee chair, Professor Ramesh Sharda, I extend my most sincere gratitude and thanks. Professor Sharda dedicated vast amounts of time and energy to my study, and his guidance, support and encouragement were essential to the successful completion of this work. Sincere thanks are also extended to Professors George Scheets, Mark Weiser, and Mark Gavin, members of my doctoral committee, for their useful suggestions and guidance. Special thanks are extended to Professor Nicholas C. Romano, Jr. for his generous assistance and invaluable guidance on the theoretical aspects of this study. To the students in the MSTM program, who unselfishly gave of their time to help in the undertaking of this research, I extend my personal thanks. Their work was critical in the experimental implementation of this study. Finally, I would like to thank my husband for his unending help and support. My completion of this work is a result of his love and dedication. 111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. IN1'RODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 l. lBackground ........................................................................................................... 2 1.2 e Learning Defined .............................................................................................. 3 1.3 CS CLIP Defined .................................................................................................. 3 1.4 A Typology for CSCLIP Leaming Environments .............................................. .4 1.5 Problem Significance ........................................................................................... 5 1.6 Possible Technical Solutions ............................................................................... 6 1.7 Research Objects .................................................................................................. 8 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Computer Aided Instruction/Distance Leaming .................................................. 10 2.2 Collaborative Learning Systems .......................................................................... 11 2.3 Immersive Presence Systems ............................................................................... 14 2.4 Building Blocks of CSCLIP ................................................................................. 15 3. THEORETICAL BASIS FOR CSCLIP ............................................................................ 21 3.1 Early Learning Theories ...................................................................................... 22 3.2 Collaborative Leaming Theories ......................................................................... 22 3.3 Group Theories .................................................................................................... 24 3.4 Technological Theory .......................................................................................... 25 3.5 Immersive Presence Systems ............................................................................... 26 3.6 Psychomotor Theory ............................................................................................ 26 3.6.1 Learning Objectives ................................................................................. 27 3.6.2 Psychomotor Taxonomy .......................................................................... 27 3.6.3 Psychomotor Skills Needed for CSCLIP ................................................. 29 3.6.3.1 Fine/Gross .................................................................................... 30 3.6.3.2 Discrete/Continuous .................................................................... .31 3 .6.3 .30pen/Closed .................................................................................. 32 3.7 Theory Applications ............................................................................................. 35 IV· Chapter ................................................................................................................................. Page 4. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK - EMPIRICAL DEVELOPMENT ................................... 37 4.1 Human Dimension .................................................................................................. 38 4.2 Instructional Design Strategy ................................................................................. 39 4.3 Instructional Technology ........................................................................................ 41 4.4 Learning Process .................................................................................................... 43 4.5 Outcomes ................................................................................................................ 43 4.6 CSCLIP ·Theory ............................................................ , ......................................... 44 4. 7 The Role of CS CLIP in Enhancing the Transfer ofPsychomotor Skills ............... 45 5. A VIRTUAL TELECOM LAB UNDER DEVELOPMENT ........................................... 49 6. RESEARCH METHOD .................................................................................................... 55 6.1 Experimental Design ........................................................................................... 55 6.2 The Course .......................................................................................................... 55 6.3 Subjects ...................................... :........................................................................ 55 6.4 Independent Variable Manipulation ............................................ '.······················· 56 6.5 Procedure ............................................................................................................. 56 6.6 Dependent Variable Measurement.. .................................................................... 63 6.7 Internal Validity .................................................................................................. 64 6.8 External Validity ....................................................................................... ;, ........ 64 7. RESULTS .......................................................................................................... :............... 65 7.1 Analysis of Hypothesis 1 .................................................................................... 65 7.2 Analysis of Hypothesis 2 ................................................................................... 68 7.3 Analysis of Hypothesis 3 ................................................................................... 71 7.4 Post Hoc Analysis ............................................................................................... 74 7.4.1 Gender .............................................................................................................. 74 7.4.2 Age ............................................................. ; .................................................... 75 7.4.3 Experience ........................................................................................................ 75 7.4.4 Grade Point Average ......................................................................................... 76 7.4.5 English as a First Language ............................................................................. 76 7 .5 Discussion ........................................................................................................... 77 7 .6 Limitations .............................. ·............................................................................ 79 8. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................... 80 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 83 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................... 96 V LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Means and standard deviations for Hypothesis 1 ............................................................. 65 2. ANOVA statistics for Hypothesis 1 .................................................................................. 66 3. Means and standard deviations for Hypothesis 2 ............................................................. 68 4. ANOVA statistics for Hypothesis 2 .................................................................................. 68 5.Tuk:ey results for Hypothesis 2 .......................................................................................... 69 6. Means and standard deviations for Hypothesis 3 ............................................................. 71 7. ANOVA statistics for Hypotliesis
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