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ED084870.Pdf DOCUMENT RESUME ED 084 870 EM 011 693 TITLE The Psychomotor Domain. Contributions of Behavioral Science to Instructional Technology. Number Three. A Resource Book for Media Specialists. INSTITUTION National Special Media Institutes SPONSORING AGENCY Bureau of Educational Personnal Development (DHEW/OE), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 72 NOTE 160p.; See also EM 011 691 and EM Oil 692 AVAILABLE FROM Gryphon House, 1333 Connecticut Avenue, N. W., Washington, D.C. 20036 EDRS TRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$8.24 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS State Of The Art Reviews; *Instructional Technology; *Psychomotor Objectives; *Psychomotor Skills; Educational Technology; Measurement; Drug Education IDENTIFIERS *Psychomotor Domain; Sense of Reality; Environmental Stressors; Time Work Fatigue; Task Loading ABSTRACT The five papers presented in this volume discuss the relationship between the psychomotor domain and instructional technology and are intended to serve as resource materials for instructional technologists. The first chapter focuses upon a consideration of the senses of reality and the second upon some general considerations of the psychomotor domain. The third paper offers a classification of educational objectives in this area, and the fourth considers some educational implications of the structure and measurement of psychomotor abilities. The concluding chapter, a joint effort of four authors, examines the impact of four major factors upon psychomotor performance effectiveness. These factors are environmental stressors, time/work fatigue, toxic and drug effects, and task loading. (LB) BEST COPY AVA1LABLf I flia owl Lt .44411111 The PsychomotorDomain eilli"."1"11°?' BEST COPY AVAILABLE THE PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN A CSC Mediabook The National Special Media Institutes is a consortium of Michigah State University, University of Southern California, United States International University and Syracuse University. Contributions of Behavioral Science to Instructional Technology As a consortium of higher education institutions the National Special Media Institutes (NSMI) represents a joint effort to work on projects of national interest which are significant to the development of the field of instructional techology. A series of seminars sponsored by the U.S. Office of Education. and coordinated by the Teaching Research Division of the Oregon State System of Higher. Education probed the relationship between the behavioral sciences and the field of instructional technology. The first seminar was devoted to the cognitive area,' the second, to the affective area and the third to the psychomotor area. Because of keen interest in the affective area the results of that seminar were published first..These three volumes represent new substantive inputs to the field of instructional technology. As tl'iefield grew. out of its traditional audiovisual product orientation, new insights were required to emphasize the process approach. The behavioral sciences seemed to have more to contribtite in this vein than any other substantive field.. The credit for these volumes and the work of the National Special Media Institutes should be given to the late, Dr. James D. Finn of the University of Southern California who originally conceived the consortium and stressed the need for new inputs to the growing field of instructional technology. The papers included in this publication were written pursuant to u grunt from the. Bureau of Educational Personnel Development, Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. CONTRIBUTIONS OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE TO INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY The Psychomotor Domain A Resource Book for Media Specialists Published for the National Special. Media Institutes Contributors: Donald P. Ely Floyd Urbach Robert N. Singer Elizabeth J. Simpson Edwin A. Fleishman George D. Greer, Jr. James D. Hitt Thomas E. Sitterley Edward B. Slebodnick Grzyphonbouie WASHINGTON, D.C. 1972 CSC Alediabooks are prepared under the editorial direction of CSCIPucific, lnc, and published by: Gryphon House 1333 Connecticut Avenue N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Cover design by Margaret Puckett Library of Congress Card No. 72-075619 ISBN No. 87659-239-X (softcovert 87659-240-3 (hardcover) Printed in the United States of America 1972 Contents Preface vii Donald P. Ely The Senses of Reality: The Psychomotor Domain Urbach The.Psychomotor Domain: General Considerations Robert N. Singer The Classifica.tioii of Educational Objectives In the Psychomotor Domain 43 Elizabeth J. Simpson The Structure and Measurement of.Psychomotor Abilities: Sonie Educational Implications 57 Edwin A. Fleishman An Examination of Four MajOr Factors Impacting on Psychomotor Performance Effectiveness 89 George D. Greer,, Jr., James D. Hitt, Thothas E. Sitttiley, and Edward B. Slebociniek The Authors Floyd Urbach was Director of Individualized Instruction and Instructional Development Program, Teaching Research, Monmouth, Oregon. He was Director of the Psychomotor Domain Conference and institute at which these material's were presentedtothe 'directors of Media Specialist training programs / Robert N. Singeristhe)Director,. Motor Learning Research LaboratOry; Department of Physical Education, 'Michigan. State University. His introduc- tory paper is designed to establish some general parameters of the psycho- tnotor domain and to raise issues related to the definition of terms in the psychomotor domain. Elizabeth SimpsonisaResearch Associate, Instructional .Materials and Practises Branch, Division of Comprehensive and Vocational Research, National Center for Educational Research and DeveloPment. A number of `taxonomies exist for guiding the instructional developer in writing or classify- ing psychomotor learning activities. This classification system has been used extensively as an initial conceptualisation, for students new to thepsycho- motor area. e- Greer is the Manager, Biotechnology Department, Aerospace Systems'. Division, Boe-ing,.Kompany, Seattle Washington. His chapter is a collection of papers prepared by Gebrge-GreerT.fames D.. Flitt,Thomas.Sitterly.ancl Edward- B.Slebodnick. This uMiqUeeffortwas one.. of ,.thehighlightsof. the. psychomotor conference and .draws together significant data related to the psychomotor performance. Edwin .A. Fleishman, Senior Vice President of the American institutes for Research is Director'of the Washington Office of A.I.R. in Silver Springs, Maryland. In this ,chapter an established author In the psychomotor field presents summaries of an exhaustive series of research studies related to 14boratory studies and field surveys conducted on a complex array of psycho- motor skills and abilities. vi Preface There has been a considerable emphasis on the cognitive and 'affective areas of 'education, but relatively. littleattention has been givon _to the psychomotor area. The publication of the...Tawnomy.of Educational Ob- jectives: the Cognitive Domain by Bloom, et. al. and the AffectiveDomain by Krathwohl, et. al. helped to focus attention-on two major aspects of the total. educational scene but a taxonomy of the psychomotor domain pre-- pared by the same group has never. appeared. As instructional technologists have been attempting to provide new sub- stantivc dimensions to the field 'by soliciting cdntributions of the behavioral sciences, both the cognitive and affective.domains have'been 'studied: The psychomotor voidwas recognize.d-7-bytheDirec-torateoftheNationaLSpe- cialMedia- Institutes and thethirdina .series conferencesregarding behavioral sciences and instructional technology Sponsored by the United States Office of Education was held in Oregon early in 1970. In 'apattern similar to the =previous conferences, distinguished' psycho-- motor psychologists were invited to prepare definitive and interpretive papers regarding the relationships of their special field to instructional tech- nology. These papers were discussed by the psychologists and a team of instructional technologists in-an attempt to elicit' areas of application. The papers were then .revised by the original. authors in light of the comments made during the 'conference: The basic .chapters, however, do not attempt to highlight applications but, rather, serve as resource, documents forin- structional technologists. Some ,translation of. the cunkretice papers was made for, a four day institute designed lbrinstructionaltechnologists and held 'atDetroit in April; 19.70. The products Used at that session, and other related materials: are listed in 'the Appendix. This publication was fieldtested at the institute vi' viii 77IE PSYC710.110701? DOMAIN -which was primarily 'intended for directors of programs sponsored. by the Media Specialist Program of USOE. With the publication of this volume. the series concerning- the relation- ship of the ..behavioral sciencesto instructionaltechnology is complete. These efforts are an attempt to bring new dimenSions to the field. The resources are provided in these pubkatious, the application.must neces- sarily rest with the practitioners. The vision and strong- support of L. Clinton West of ,the Bureati of Libraries- and Educational Technology of the United States Office of Edu- cation helped to make the conferenceS and publications a significant con- tribution to the field and to the larger Educational community. Donald P. Ely May 11970 \ The Senses of Reality: The Psychomotor Domain Floyd Mach 'Teuching-ResearchMonmouth, Oregon lifeis 'cOmiriOnly .:characterized-, by movement. A mother detects the firstearly ',Movements: of._ the tett; the newborn child's
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