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Module 2.1 Child Development Student Support Material Professional Development Strand Unit 2: Human Development Module 2.1 Child Development Student Support Material ii Module 2.1 Child Development Acknowledgements Materials written and compiled by Lynne Hill. In consultation with: Kautil Mileng Joe Lipu Sam Mariko Incorporating suggestions from Professional Development strand lecturers: Balob Primary Teachers College Madang Primary Teachers College Kabaleo Primary Teachers College St Benedicts Primary Teachers College Gaulim Primary Teachers College Dauli Primary Teachers College Illustrations by: Takis David from Bleus, A. (1989). Psychology for Teachers in the South Pacific. Goroka Teachers College Layout and diagrams supported by Nick Lauer. PASTEP Primary and Secondary Teacher Education Project Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) GRM International Papua New Guinea-Australia Development Cooperation Program Student Support Material Module 2.1 Child Development iii Unit outline Unit # Modules 2.1 Child Development Unit 2 Human Development 2.2 Educational Psychology Icons & Read or Research @ Write or Summarise F Activity or Discussion Student Support Material iv Module 2.1 Child Development Table of contents Module 2.1 Child Development.................................................................................1 Rationale....................................................................................................................1 Objectives .................................................................................................................1 How to use this material ............................................................................................1 Topics........................................................................................................................2 Assessment ..............................................................................................................2 References...................................................................................................................2 What is development?.................................................................................................3 Categories of learning ................................................................................................3 Why learn about developmental stages?..................................................................5 Shapers of development.............................................................................................6 To sum up.....................................................................................................................6 Studying Children ........................................................................................................7 The need to observe children as individuals.............................................................7 What does child observation involve? ......................................................................7 Specific uses of child observation ............................................................................8 Characteristics of observation ..................................................................................9 What instruments can we use to measure our observation?.................................10 Rating scales...........................................................................................................11 Anecdotal notes.......................................................................................................12 Using Observation Instruments for Child Study............................................... 14 Shapers of development.......................................................................................... 14 Physical Development............................................................................................. 15 Optimal conditions for growth.................................................................................. 15 Diet ..........................................................................................................................15 Cleanliness and infection ........................................................................................16 Exercise and safety needs .....................................................................................16 Summary.................................................................................................................17 The normal sequence of physical development.................................................... 17 Physical growth in early childhood ..........................................................................17 Perception in early childhood ..................................................................................17 Children’s drawings.................................................................................................. 18 Middle childhood ...................................................................................................... 20 The development of skills .......................................................................................20 After the age of eight ...............................................................................................21 Adolescence............................................................................................................. 21 Cultural considerations of adolescence..................................................................21 Summary of stages in children’s growth and development.................................. 22 Language development........................................................................................... 25 Similarities in first words ..........................................................................................25 Stages in language acquisition............................................................................... 26 The pre-speech stage .............................................................................................26 The speech stage....................................................................................................26 Gender differences in language development ........................................................27 Conversational skills ...............................................................................................27 Learning to read and write .......................................................................................28 Learning a second language ...................................................................................28 Student Support Material Module 2.1 Child Development v Moral Development....................................................................................................29 Kohlberg’s theory .................................................................................................... 29 Kohlberg’s stages.................................................................................................... 29 Age ranges .............................................................................................................. 30 Cross cultural studies of Kohlberg.......................................................................... 34 Promoting moral development................................................................................ 34 Play and Social Development.................................................................................35 What is the purpose of play?.................................................................................. 35 The lessons learnt in play ....................................................................................... 35 The development of play......................................................................................... 35 Pre-school and social play...................................................................................... 36 Middle childhood ..................................................................................................... 37 Team sports ............................................................................................................ 37 Summary....................................................................................................................38 Glossary and key terms............................................................................................39 Student Support Material vi Module 2.1 Child Development [Notes] Student Support Material Module 2.1 Child Development 1 Module 2.1 Child Development Rationale This module is one of two in a two-credit point unit. The recommended time allocation for this module is approximately twelve hours of lectures. The actual break-up of topics and time allocation is flexible, and to be decided upon by the individual lecturer. The remaining module which comprises this unit is: Module 2.2 Educational Psychology The study of Child Development attempts to provide students with a basic understanding of the characteristics of children’s growth, in order to cater for individual differences, and to facilitate optimal learning for all students. Physical, mental, social, emotional and moral development will be discussed. The developmental stages of children’s growth will be examined through a series of observations culminating in a child study. This study will examine characteristics of growth across a number of areas and provide students with the opportunity to develop appropriate observation skills and recording methods. Objectives
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