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The Clann Carthaigh (Continued) Author(S): S The Clann Carthaigh (Continued) Author(s): S. J. McCarthy Source: Kerry Archaeological Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 4 (Apr., 1910), pp. 195-208 Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/30059612 Accessed: 27-06-2016 06:53 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Kerry Archaeological Magazine This content downloaded from 131.247.112.3 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 06:53:06 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms [195] y ly e @larytt Earfrlyaigy~ By S. J. McCARTIIY. (Continued from Page 179) T has been statedl that lithe ath of: lalolunulldll at the battle of Bela'ch Leachia, in 978, brought to an endi the l01g succession of Eugenian Kings of lMunster, which had con- tinued without a break for 70T yeiars. After that battle, the Eugenian]s, for a tilme, ceased from rivalry and were glad t)o ake peace with Brian Born on his own terms. The power of t.he .O'Blries, w1 c1 had been growin g_ for somle 'geiieramt(l111s, was t its highlest. A number of able ]princes had sprung up amni)lgst them, above wlhom of course i(nwered the celebrated wBrian, whose anmbit1io1ii soared far beyond the recovery of the throne o'f AMuister Tl ,-ere was consequently a ,period of pea ce, wI ici. la stIed u7t il Brian's death on the field of Cloit:rf ill 1)014. Immedi- ately after that, (disseilsiolls arose a m1111gst i lie renai.ing leaders of his army. The Chieftais of )Deslmnd, who had never really recognised even Briani's right to transmit the Khingliom of Leath og1a-to his posterity, put forward their claims to the Sovereignty, on the old ground of "Alternate Right." 'Their attempts were not successful; and, for somei 130 years, the Dalcassians, though losing the Sovereignty of Ireland, which had been won by Brian Boru, retained that of This content downloaded from 131.247.112.3 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 06:53:06 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 196 THE CLANN CARTHAIGH. Munster. During that period some half dozen of them occupied the throne in succession. But, in 1136, Cormac McCarthy, to whom we shall refer presently, succeeded in compelling Conor-na-Caharach O'Brien to allow him a share in the Sovereignty. But the old era of tranquillity, which had subsisted for so many centuries (up to the time of Maolmuadh, and the dissensions which ended with the battle of Bealach Leachta), was at an end. It is not too much to say that, from the time of Brian Boru's death, until the invasion of the Normans, war and confusion raged throughout the length and breadth of Munster. There was not a year of peace between the Eugenians and Dalcassians, and the whole population were marshalled on the side of one or other of these septs. We shall now take up the history of the Mac- Carthys. The last of their direct ancestors, whose career has been sketched in this little history, was Callaghan Cashel, Kinag of Munster, who died in 954. His son was Donchadh, who was father of Saorbreathach (or Justin) and of Maolfogartach, above referred to as Callaghan's immediate successor. (1) Donchadh's eldest son, Saorbreathach, was father of Carthach, () who fought first against the Danes, and then turned his arms against the Dalcassian prince, Lonergan Mac Dunchuan, nephew of Brian Boru, with whom he con- tended for the Sovereignty of Munster. He obtained a victory over the men of Ossory and Ormond, at a place called Maeilcaennaigh, on the Suir, but ultimately Lonergan, tracing him to the house where he (Carthach) had retired, with several Momonian Chiefs, set fire to it, and all within it were burned to death. This happened in 1045. Carthach left two sons, Muireadach and Tadg (Teig). Muireadach s omed him, and reigned until 1092. He (Muireadach) was the first of his race who assumed the name of " MacCarthaigh," (1) Donehadh had a third son Murcha or Muireadach who was ancestor of the O'Callaghans. (2) From whom is derived the sept name. This content downloaded from 131.247.112.3 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 06:53:06 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms THE CLANN CARTIMGI{. 197 anglicised MacCarthy. () His long reign was a period of continuous warfare between his own sept and the O'Briens. He died in 1092, and was succeeded by his brother Tadg (or Teige), who died in 1123. It was in Teige's reign, i.e., 1121, that Cashel was handed over to the religious of Ireland. The Four Masters say: "A meeting of Leath Mogha was held at Cashel by Muirceartach O'Brien, with Chiefs of the Laity, and O'Dunan, both Bishop and Chief Senior, with the Chiefs of the Clergy; and, on this occasion, Muirceartach O'Brien made a grant such as no King had ever made before, namely he granted Cashel of the Kings to the religious without any claim of laymen or clergymen upon it, but the religious of Ireland in general." Teige had a daughter, Sadhbh (Saiv or Saba), who married Dermod O'Brien, head of the rival Dalcassian tribe. By this marriage the blood of the MacCarthys was transmitted, through many generations of O'Briens, O'Connors, De Gernons, and De Burghs, into the royal veins of Philippa, daughter of Lionel, Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III.; thence, through the Mortimers, to Edward IV., and thence, say the English heralds, " to most of the sovereign houses of Europe." The Princess Saba married secondly her first cousin, Cormac, son of Muireadach, who succeeded her father (i.e., his own uncle) in 1124. Cormac Muitheamnach () who was called the Bishop- King of Cashel, was considered the most religious prince of his age, and also the most valiant and generous. He erected the beautiful "Teampul Cormaic," or Cormac's Chapel, at Cashel ('), the one ancient building which we still see intact. It was (3) It was about this time that the assumption of surnames amongst the Irish commenced. Keating states that Brian Boru initiated the practice, and decreed that a certain name should be imposed upon each tribe to denote its origin. It is probable, at all events. that surnames then became necessary, as a more ready and precise means of tribe designation than had previously existed. (4) The meaning of this agnomen is not clear. Mons. Laine translates it " le Meridionale." (5) Some have attributed the erection of this Chapel to Cormac MacCullinan, who was slain at Ballaghmoon in 916. But, apart from the direct evidence of its consecration in 1134 or 1135 as set forth in the various Annals, a comparison of the building with other structures bearing definite dates, leaves little doubt that Cormac's Chapel belongs to the same period, i e. soon after the transfer of Cashel to the Religious This content downloaded from 131.247.112.3 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 06:53:06 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 198 nl CLANN CARTHAMGE. commenced by him, some time in or after 1127, and completed in 1134. Cormac was most munificent in his donations to that and other churches. None the less was he a stern and stubborn assertor of his rights; and most of his life was spent in sanguinary struggles to uphold them. In 1124, the year of his accession, we learn, from the Annals of Innisfallen, that a plundering army was led into Munster by Turlogh O'Connor, King of Connaught, who slew the hostages of Desmind, amongst whom was Maelseaghlin, the son of Cormac MacCarthy, King of Cashel. He defeated Cormac and burned his camp at Sliabh-Caitligh. Further, Turlogh, in conjunction with Donogh Mac- Carthy (Cormac's brother), dethroned the latter, so that he was obliged to go on a pilgrimage to Lismore, and take a staff there; Donogh being inaugurated as King in his place. a Those operations against Cormac seem to have extended from 1123 to 1127. Donogh's treason- able conduct towards his brother was generally con- demned, even by the O'Briens. Their Chief, Conor O'Brien, led a force to Lismore, and bringing back the deposed prince, restored him to his throne. An account of this transaction is given by St. Bernard in his Life of St. Malachy, in the following terms: " Conchobarus O'Brien, videns quw facta sunt, et hine quidem indignans praedonum libertati et insolentie superborum; inde miseratus Regni desolationem et Regis dejectionem, descendit ad cellulam pauperis cui Cormachus, accedente man- dato Episcopi et Malachiz consilio vix tandem acquievit pulsis prTedonibus, reducitur in sua cum exsultatione suorum Regnogue restuitur suo." The date of Cormac's return does not appear in the Annals; but that it took place not later than 1131 is evident from the fact that, in that year, Thomond was plundered by him. Donogh, who bad usurped the Kingdom, was expelled into Connacht with 2000 men. (6) The Annals of Innisfallen, under the year 1126. state that Cormac was expelled by the " Ui Eachach." This was the tribe from which sprang the O)'Mlahonys and O'Donoghues.
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