DOCSLIB.ORG

House of Representatives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
House of Representatives 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 4123 The VICE PRESIDENT. On the part. Beyond pointing out these general HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Senate the Chair appoints as truisms, I shall confine my discussion to members of the committee of escort the the general areas of Asia. Before one THURSDAY, APRIL 19, 1951 junior Senator from Arizona, Mr. Mc­ may objectively assess the situation now The House met at 12 o'clock noon. FARLAND; the senior Senator from Texas, existing there, he must comprehend The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Bras­ Mr. CONNALLY; the junior Senator from something of Asia's past and the revo­ kamp, D. D., offered the following Georgia, Mr. RussELL; the junior Sena­ lutionary changes which have marked prayer: tor from Nebraska, Mr. WHERRY; the her course up to the present. Long ex­ senior Senator from New Hampshire, ploited by the so-called colonial powers, Almighty God, as we bow together in Mr. BRIDGES; and the senior Senator with litt!e opportunity to achieve any the fellowship of prayer, we are humbly from Wisconsin, Mr. WILEY. d.-:gree of social justice, individual dig­ beseeching Thee that in these strange The Doorkeeper announced General of nity, or a higher stand!l.rd of life such as days with all their mingled experiences the Army Douglas MacArthur. guided our own noble administration of of hope and fear, of joy and sorrow, of General of the Army Douglas Mac­ the Philippines, the peoples of Asia found triumph and def eat, we may be men and Arthur, escorted by the committee of their opportunity in the war just past to women of vision and valor, of confidence Senators and Representatives, entered throw off the shackles of colonialism, and and courage, the Hall of the House of Representatives now see the dawn of new opportunity, Grant that in facing tasks and prob­ and stood at the Clerk's desk. [Ap­ a heretofore unfelt dignity and the lems of unparalleled magnitude, which plause, the Members risL1g.] self-respect of political freedo:n. are far beyond our own fallible and finite The SPEAKER. Members of the Con­ Mustering half of the earth's popula­ wisdom, we may be more eager to appro­ gress, it is my great pleasure and a dis­ tion and 60 percent of its natural re­ priate that divine unerring counsel and tinct privilege to present to you General sources, these peoples are rapidly con­ guidance which Thou hast placed at our of the Army Douglas MacArthur. [Ap­ solidating a new force, both moral and disposal. plause, the Members rising.] material, with which to raise the living Enable us by Thy grace to accept the standard and erect adaptations of the challenge of every noble adventure and ADDRESS OF GENERAL OF THE ARMY DOUGLAS MACARTHUR design of modern progress to their own every lofty endeavor in the spirit of distinct cultural environments. Wheth­ unity and with a resolute faith and may General MACARTHUR. Mr. President, er one adheres to the concept of coloni­ that unity and faith never become Mr. Speaker, and distinguished Mem­ zation or not, this is the direction of eclipsed by discord, doubt, or despair. bers of the Congress, I stand on this Asian progress and it may not be stopped. Show us how we may release the hid­ rostrum with a sense of deep humility It is a corollary to the shift of the world den splendors of humanity and bring to and great pride-humility in the wake of .economic frontiers, as the whole epi­ fulfillment and fruition the hopes and those great American architects of our center of world affairs rotates back to­ longings of mankind for freedom and history who have stood here before me, ward the area whence it started. In this peace. · pride in the reflection that this forum of situation it becomes vital that our own May the virtues and principles of love legislative debate represents human cour.try orient its policies in consonance · and good will, of justice, and righteous­ liberty in the purest form yet devised. with this basic evolutionary condftion ness be the foundation on which we are [Applause.] Here are centered the rather than pursue a course blind to seeking to build a more glorious Nation hopes, and aspirations, and faith of the the reality that the colonial era is now and a better world. entire human race. past and the Asian peoples covet the Hear us in the name of the Prince of I do not stand here as advocate for any right to shape their own free destiny. Peace. Amen. partisan cause, for the issues are fun­ What they seek now is friendly guidance, THE JOURNAL damental and reach quite beyond the understanding, and support, not imperi­ realm of partisan consideration. They ous direction [applause]; the dignity of The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ must be resolved on the highest plane of equality, not the shame of subjugation. t3rday was read and approved. national interest if our course is to prove Their prewar standards of life, pitifully RECESS sound and our future protected. I trust, low, is infinitely lower now in the devas­ The SPEAKER. The House will stand therefore, that you will do me the jus­ tation left in war's wake. World ideol­ in recess subject to the call of the Chair. tice of receiving that which I have to ogies play little part· in Asian thinking Thereupon (at 12 o'clock and 3 min­ say as solely expressing the considered and are little understood. What the peo­ utes p. m.) the House stood in recess, viewpoint of a fellow American. I ad­ ples strive for is the opportunity for a lit­ subject to the call of the Chair. dress you with ·neither rancor nor bit­ tle more food in their stomachs, a little terness in the fading twilight of life better clothing on their backs, a little JOINT MEETING IN HOUSE CHAMBER TO with but one purpose in mind-to serve firmer roof over their heads, and the RECEIVE GENERAL OF THE ARMY my country. [Applause.] realization of the normal nationalist DOUGLAS MACARTHUR The issues are global and so inter­ urge for political freedom. These politi­ The Speaker of the House of Repre­ locked that to consider the problems of cal-social conditions have but an indirect sentatives presided. one sector, oblivious to those of another, bearing upon our own national security, At 12:20 o'clock p.- m., the Doorkeeper is but to court disaster for the whole. but do form a backdrop to contemporary announced the Vice President and the While Asia is commonly referred to as planning which must be thoughtfully Members of the United States Senate. the gateway to Europe, it is no less true considered if we are to avoid the pitfalls The Senate, preceded by · the Vice that Europe is the gateway to Asia, and of unrealism. President and its Secretary and Sergeant the broad influence of the one cannot Of more direct and immediate bearing at Arms, entered the Hall of the House fail to have its impact upon the other. upon our national security are the of Representatives. There are those who claim our changes wrought in the strategic poten­ '.t'he Vice President took the c:hair at strength is inadequate to protect on both tial of the Pacific Ocean in the course of . the right of the Speaker and the Mem­ fronts-that we cannot divide our effort. the past war. Prior thereto, the west­ bers of the Senate took the seats reserved I can think of no greater expression of ern strategic frontier of the United for the!ll. ' defeatism. [Applause.] If a potential States lay on the littoral line of the The SPEAKER. The Chair appoints enemy can divide his strength on two Americas with an exposed island salient as members of the committee on the part fronts, it is for us to counter his effort. of the Houss to escort our distinguished The Communist threat is a global one. extending out through Hawaii, Midway, visitor into the Chambzr the gentleman Its successful advance in one sector and Guam to the Philip.pines. That from Massachusetts, Mr. McCORMACK; threatens the destruction of every other . salient proved not an outpost of strength the gentleman from Massachusetts, Mr. sector. You cannot appease or other- · but an avenue of weakness along which MARTIN; the gentleman from Georgi~~ wise surrender to communism in Asia . the enemy could and did attack. The Mr. VrnsoN; the gentleman from Indi­ without simultaneously undermining Pacific was a potential area of advance ana, Mr. HALLECK; and the gentleman our efforts to halt its advance in Europe. for any predatory force intent upon from Louisiana, l\1:r. BRCOKS. [Applause.] striking at the bordering land areas. 4124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE APRIL ·19 All this was changed by our Pacific 50 years, the Chinese people have· thus the Philippines stand as a mighty bul­ victory. Our strategic frontier then become militarized in their concepts and wark of Christianity in the Far East, and shifted to embrace the entire Pacific in their ideals. They now constitute ex­ its capacity for high moral leadership in Ocean which became a vast moat to cellent soldiers with competent staffs Asia is unlimited. protect us as long as we hold it. In- and commanders. This has produced a On Formosa, the Government of the deed, it acts as a protective shield for new and dominant power in Asia which R-:!public of China has had the opportu­ all of the Americas and all free lands for its own purposes is allied with Soviet nity to refute by action much of the ma­ of the Pacific Ocean area.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace In
    TRUMAN, CONGRESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WAR AND PEACE IN KOREA A Dissertation by LARRY WAYNE BLOMSTEDT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2008 Major Subject: History TRUMAN, CONGRESS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR WAR AND PEACE IN KOREA A Dissertation by LARRY WAYNE BLOMSTEDT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Terry H. Anderson Committee Members, Jon R. Bond H. W. Brands John H. Lenihan David Vaught Head of Department, Walter L. Buenger May 2008 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT Truman, Congress and the Struggle for War and Peace in Korea. (May 2008) Larry Wayne Blomstedt, B.S., Texas State University; M.S., Texas A&M University-Kingsville Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Terry H. Anderson This dissertation analyzes the roles of the Harry Truman administration and Congress in directing American policy regarding the Korean conflict. Using evidence from primary sources such as Truman’s presidential papers, communications of White House staffers, and correspondence from State Department operatives and key congressional figures, this study suggests that the legislative branch had an important role in Korean policy. Congress sometimes affected the war by what it did and, at other times, by what it did not do. Several themes are addressed in this project. One is how Truman and the congressional Democrats failed each other during the war. The president did not dedicate adequate attention to congressional relations early in his term, and was slow to react to charges of corruption within his administration, weakening his party politically.
    [Show full text]
  • Richard Russell, the Senate Armed Services Committee & Oversight of America’S Defense, 1955-1968
    BALANCING CONSENSUS, CONSENT, AND COMPETENCE: RICHARD RUSSELL, THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE & OVERSIGHT OF AMERICA’S DEFENSE, 1955-1968 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joshua E. Klimas, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor David Stebenne, Advisor Professor John Guilmartin Advisor Professor James Bartholomew History Graduate Program ABSTRACT This study examines Congress’s role in defense policy-making between 1955 and 1968, with particular focus on the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), its most prominent and influential members, and the evolving defense authorization process. The consensus view holds that, between World War II and the drawdown of the Vietnam War, the defense oversight committees showed acute deference to Defense Department legislative and budget requests. At the same time, they enforced closed oversight procedures that effectively blocked less “pro-defense” members from influencing the policy-making process. Although true at an aggregate level, this understanding is incomplete. It ignores the significant evolution to Armed Services Committee oversight practices that began in the latter half of 1950s, and it fails to adequately explore the motivations of the few members who decisively shaped the process. SASC chairman Richard Russell (D-GA) dominated Senate deliberations on defense policy. Relying only on input from a few key colleagues – particularly his protégé and eventual successor, John Stennis (D-MS) – Russell for the better part of two decades decided almost in isolation how the Senate would act to oversee the nation’s defense.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan the UNIVERSITY of OKLAHOMA
    This dissertation has been 65-12,998 microfilmed exactly as received MATHENY, David Leon, 1931- A COMPAEISON OF SELECTED FOREIGN POLICY SPEECHES OF SENATOR TOM CONNALLY. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1965 ^eech-Theater University Microfilms. Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE A COMPARISON OP SELECTED FOREIGN POLICY SPEECHES OF SENATOR TOM CONNALLY A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY DAVID LEON MATHENY Norman, Oklahoma 1965 A COMPARISON OP SELECTED FOREXON POLICY SPEECHES OP SENATOR TOM CONNALLY APPROVED BY L-'iJi'Ui (^ A -o ç.J^\AjLôLe- DISSERTATION COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express thanks to Professor Wayne E. Brockriede and members of the University of Oklahoma Speech Faculty for guidance during the preparation of this dissertation. A special word of thanks should go to Profes­ sor George T. Tade and the Administration of Texas Christian University for encouragement during the latter stages of the study and to the three M's — Mary, Melissa and Melanie — for great understanding throughout the entire project. TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................... Ill Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ......................... 1 Purpose of the S t u d y ..................... 6 Previous Research......................... 8 Sources of Material....................... 9 Method of Organization ................... 10 II. CONNALLY, THE SPEAKER....................... 12 Connally's Non-Congresslonal Speaking Career.......... 12 General Attributes of Connally's Speaking............................... 17 Conclusion . ........................... 31 III. THE NEUTRALITY ACT DEBATE, 1939............. 32 Connally's Audience for the Neutrality Act Debate.............. 32 The Quest for Neutrality ............ 44 The Senate, Connally and Neutrality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vice President in the U.S. Senate: Examining the Consequences of Institutional Design
    The Vice President in the U.S. Senate: Examining the Consequences of Institutional Design. Michael S. Lynch Tony Madonna Asssistant Professor Assistant Professor University of Kansas University of Georgia [email protected] [email protected] January 25, 2010∗ ∗The authors would like to thank Scott H. Ainsworth, Stanley Bach, Ryan Bakker, Sarah A. Binder, Jamie L. Carson, Michael H. Crespin, Keith L. Dougherty, Trey Hood, Andrew Martin, Ryan J. Owens and Steven S. Smith for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. Madonna also thanks the University of Georgia American Political Development working group for support and comments, and Rachel Snyder for helpful research assistance. All errors remain the authors. Abstract The constitutional designation of the vice president as the president of the United States Senate is a unique feature of the chamber. It places control over the Senate's rules and precedents under an individual who is not elected by the chamber and receives no direct benefits from the maintenance of its institutions. We argue that this feature of the Senate has played an important, recurring role in its development. The vice president has frequently acted in a manner that conflicted with the wishes chamber majorities. Consequently, the Senate has developed rules and precedents that insulate the chamber from its presiding officer. These actions have made the Senate a less efficient chamber, but have largely freed it from the potential influence of the executive branch. We examine these arguments using a mix of historical and contemporary case studies, as well as empirical data on contentious rulings on questions of order.
    [Show full text]
  • Famous People from Michigan
    APPENDIX E Famo[ People fom Michigan any nationally or internationally known people were born or have made Mtheir home in Michigan. BUSINESS AND PHILANTHROPY William Agee John F. Dodge Henry Joy John Jacob Astor Herbert H. Dow John Harvey Kellogg Anna Sutherland Bissell Max DuPre Will K. Kellogg Michael Blumenthal William C. Durant Charles Kettering William E. Boeing Georgia Emery Sebastian S. Kresge Walter Briggs John Fetzer Madeline LaFramboise David Dunbar Buick Frederic Fisher Henry M. Leland William Austin Burt Max Fisher Elijah McCoy Roy Chapin David Gerber Charles S. Mott Louis Chevrolet Edsel Ford Charles Nash Walter P. Chrysler Henry Ford Ransom E. Olds James Couzens Henry Ford II Charles W. Post Keith Crain Barry Gordy Alfred P. Sloan Henry Crapo Charles H. Hackley Peter Stroh William Crapo Joseph L. Hudson Alfred Taubman Mary Cunningham George M. Humphrey William E. Upjohn Harlow H. Curtice Lee Iacocca Jay Van Andel John DeLorean Mike Illitch Charles E. Wilson Richard DeVos Rick Inatome John Ziegler Horace E. Dodge Robert Ingersol ARTS AND LETTERS Mitch Albom Milton Brooks Marguerite Lofft DeAngeli Harriette Simpson Arnow Ken Burns Meindert DeJong W. H. Auden Semyon Bychkov John Dewey Liberty Hyde Bailey Alexander Calder Antal Dorati Ray Stannard Baker Will Carleton Alden Dow (pen: David Grayson) Jim Cash Sexton Ehrling L. Frank Baum (Charles) Bruce Catton Richard Ellmann Harry Bertoia Elizabeth Margaret Jack Epps, Jr. William Bolcom Chandler Edna Ferber Carrie Jacobs Bond Manny Crisostomo Phillip Fike Lilian Jackson Braun James Oliver Curwood 398 MICHIGAN IN BRIEF APPENDIX E: FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM MICHIGAN Marshall Fredericks Hugie Lee-Smith Carl M.
    [Show full text]
  • The President Pro Tempore of the Senate: History and Authority of the Office
    Order Code RL30960 The President Pro Tempore of the Senate: History and Authority of the Office Updated April 2, 2008 Christopher M. Davis Analyst in American National Government Government and Finance Division The President Pro Tempore of the Senate History and Authority of the Office Summary The U.S. Constitution establishes the office of the President pro tempore of the Senate to preside over the Senate in the Vice President’s absence. Since 1947, the President pro tempore has stood third in line to succeed to the presidency, after the Vice President and the Speaker of the House. Although the President pro tempore’s powers are limited and not comparable to those of the Speaker of the House, as the chamber’s presiding officer, he is authorized to perform certain duties. For example, he may decide points of order (subject to appeal) and enforce decorum in the Senate chamber and galleries. Early in the nation’s history, some Presidents pro tempore appointed Senators to standing committees. While they no longer do so, election to the office is considered one of the highest honors bestowed by the Senate, and Presidents pro tempore are traditionally accorded a somewhat larger salary and allowances for staff. Eighty-seven different Senators have served as President pro tempore. Sixty- one served prior to 1900, when Vice Presidents routinely presided over the chamber and Presidents pro tempore were elected to serve only for limited periods when the Vice President was absent or ill, or the office was vacated. Frequently, several different Presidents pro tempore were chosen in a single congressional session, “on the basis of their personal characteristics, popularity, and reliability.” (See Robert C.
    [Show full text]
  • House Speech Tribute to the Late Senator Arthur Vandenberg, April 18, 1961” of the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R
    The original documents are located in Box D15, folder “House Speech Tribute to the Late Senator Arthur Vandenberg, April 18, 1961” of the Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. The Council donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. ---Digitized from Box D15 of The Ford Congressional Papers: Press Secretary and Speech File at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library REMARKS OF REP. GERALD R. •oRD, JR. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES April 18, 1961 Mr. Speaker, ten years ago today Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg of Michigan passed away. At that time, the NEW YORK TIMES commented that "if .America's adherence to the United Nations, its decision to oppose the expansion of Communist aggression, and its formulation of the Marshall Plan and the North Atlantic Treaty are among the I great events of our epoch, then Senator Vandenberg must retain a central place in con- temporary history. The memory of his achievements is not likely to pass away for many years to come.
    [Show full text]
  • The Modern Era, 1947–Present
    The Modern Era, 1947–present he death of President Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, a staunch supporter of the administration, better fit Truman’s 1945, sent Vice President Harry S. Truman to the White image of a successor. An alternative to McKellar might have been House, only months into Roosevelt’s fourth term. Tru- the Senate majority leader, a post then held by Kentucky Senator man would serve for three and a half years without a vice Alben Barkley. Since the 1886 act of succession, the Senate had also president, until the 1948 election. Under the law of presi- established the positions of majority and minority leaders, and the Tdential succession, the next in line to the presidency was Secretary of Senate majority leader had evolved into a role that was the equiva- State Edward Stettinius, Jr., who had not held an elective office. Truman lent of Speaker—someone who believed it was wrong for anyone to step into the presidency who had represented both his party and never been elected by a vote of the people. In the short run, he solved this the Senate. The majority leader, dilemma by replacing Stettinius with former Senator James F. Byrnes. In however, was not a constitu- the long run, he asked Congress to revise the order of succession to place tional officer like the president the Speaker of the House and president pro tempore of the Senate ahead pro tempore. of the cabinet members in line of succession to the presidency. Truman’s proposed change Previously, when the Speaker and president pro tempore had in presidential succession passed stood in the line of succession, the president pro tempore came first, the House of Representatives based on the concept of the president pro tempore as the stand-in but stalled in the Senate during for the vice president.
    [Show full text]
  • The Modern Us Senate
    Boston University Study Abroad Boston University Washington, DC Programs [For HI and PO credit] THE MODERN U.S. SENATE: FROM COLLABORATION TO CONFRONTATION Spring 2016 Instructor: Daniel G. Neumann ([email protected]) Course Overview: The United States Senate was intended by the Founding Fathers to be the “upper house” of the Congress, a deliberative, calculated check on the popular passions of the House of Representatives. Throughout much of the twentieth century, and during the postwar decades in particular, the Senate often lived up to this lofty ideal. Despite significant partisan and regional disagreements, the Senate was able to maintain a productive, active role in both foreign and domestic policy. At its best, the Senate was characterized by strong working relationships, and even many close personal friendships, that transcended philosophical and personal differences. Page 1 of 10 Yet over the past 30 years, the Senate has become much less collegial, and as a result, much less effective. As veteran Senators leave office, they are replaced by newcomers who lack the institutional knowledge and respect for the Senate of their predecessors. An increasing number of members come to the Senate by way of the House of Representatives, where partisan politics has always been a much higher priority. In addition, improvements in airline travel and the constant need to raise money have caused Senators to spend much less time with each other, working together and building valuable relationships. Cameras in the chamber have gradually transformed the Senate from a legislative body to a speechmaking one. All these phenomena have contributed to the decline of the institution, with many negative implications for the nation as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CAMPUS of ALLEGHENY COLLEGE the Hammond Organ Is Set for a Good Work Out
    '40 MOCK CONVENTION ISSUE CAMPAIGN BRIEFS THE CAMPUS OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE The Hammond organ is set for a good work out. Jim. Fox and Ed We- ber will alternate at the console and Vol. LVIII., No. 23 MEADVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA MAY 7, 1940 will turn on plenty of heat, we are pro- mised . Congressman "Lew Rogers" of Erie, sends regrets from Washington that he cannot be with us tonight, however, he sends his best wishes for a most successful convention . Convention Ready The Meadville high school band, with snoppy uniforms and everything, ANNIVERSARY WILLKIE STOCK will be on hand to give out with lots MOCK CONVENTION of peppy music for all to keep step to FUND NEARING GOES UP: DEWEY in the parade . COMPLETION FALLS IN POLL UNDERWAY AT 4; Republican big-wigs from the local Campaigners Now Working Gains Attributed to Power of headquarters and surrounding terri- PARADE FEATURED tory will be at the opening session to- The Pittsburgh District; Propaganda; Taft Also Shows Loss. night to listen in to the frenzied ora- Two New Trustees Elected KEYNOTER tory and power •politiics on display ROBERT J. CORBETT when the platform comes up for ac- Subscriptions totalling $7.15,803.95 The power of propaganda ceptance . have been made to the Allegheny Col- was ably demonstrated in the KEYNOTER AT FIRST lege 125th Anniversary Fund, it was resu lts f last Friday's chapel announced yesterday at the spring SESSION TONIGHT 'William Irvine, another Allegheny poll, for significant gains were alumnus, will be on the campus during meeting of the college board of trus- Allegheny's shown in the Wendell Willkie first Mock Re- 'the convention.
    [Show full text]
  • Ch 2-The Policy Committee's Formative Years (1947-1954)
    05 39-400 Ch2 7/9/97 8:29 AM Page 19 CHAPTER TWO Page 19—no folio 05 39-400 Ch2 7/9/97 8:29 AM Page 20 Republican Policy Committee meeting, January 3, 1950. Page 20—no folio 05 39-400 Ch2 7/9/97 8:29 AM Page 21 CHAPTER TWO The Policy Committee’s Formative Years (1947-1954) [The formation and functioning of the Policy Committee under Senators Robert Taft (1946-1952), William Knowland (1953) and Homer Ferguson (1954), most notably during the Republi- can majorities of the Eightieth and Eighty-third congresses.] During its first eight years of opera- tion—four in the majority and four in the minority—the Republican Policy Committee demonstrated an effectiveness for developing and pro- moting party programs. When strong differences of opinion occurred within the party’s ranks, either inside the Senate or between senators and a Republican presidential administration, the Policy Committee tended not to take sides, since neither it nor the Conference had authority to en- force decisions upon dissenting members. Instead, the committee helped determine consensus within the party on issues and considered how Republican senators might overcome disagreements. Although the Policy Committee’s evolving role in achieving party unity and discipline proved more confined than its creators expected, observers agreed that the Page 21—no folio 05 39-400 Ch2 7/9/97 8:29 AM Page 22 Republican Policy Committee came close to achieving these goals under the chairmanship of Senator Robert A. Taft.1 After Republicans won the congressional elections in November 1946, returning to the majorities in the Senate and House for the first time since 1933, Senator Taft declined to run for Senate majority leader during the Eightieth Congress.
    [Show full text]
  • Mss 90-00 Register Front Matter
    James F. Byrnes Papers A Register — 1879-2007; bulk 1933-1972 CREATOR : Byrnes, James F. (James Francis), 1882-1972 COLLECTION NUMBER : Mss 90 TITLE : James F. Byrnes Papers, 1879-2007; bulk 1933-1972 QUANTITY: 163.3 cubic feet consisting of 3,270 folders, 39 volumes, 1,700 photographs, 28 oversize photographs, 1 film reel, 1 videocassette tape, 37 sound discs, 18 reel-to-reel audio tapes, 10 audio cassette tapes, 9 rolls of microfilm, 266 oversize items, and 76 objects. ABSTRACT: The James F. Byrnes Papers document his career as a U.S. Senator, U.S. Supreme Court Justice, Director of the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion during World War II, U.S. Secretary of State, and Governor of South Carolina. The papers show his close relationship with President Franklin D. Roosevelt as Byrnes helps him pass New Deal legislation during the Depression and then coordinates the homefront economy during the war, as well as accompanying Roosevelt to the Yalta Conference. They also document Byrnes’ role in the immediate post-war peace process and the beginning of the Cold War, especially concerning U.S. policy towards a defeated Germany. Finally, the collection has material concerning his growing disenchantment with the Democratic Party over civil rights, his support for Dwight Eisenhower in the 1952 presidential campaign, and the writing of his two autobiographies, Speaking Frankly and All In One Lifetime . SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE The James F. Byrnes Papers consists of advertisements, architectural drawings, articles, artifacts, audio-visual materials, campaign materials, certificates, clippings, correspondence, editorials, executive orders, galley proofs, journals, laws and legal documents, legislative bills, lists, maps, minutes, petitions, political cartoons, postcards, photographs, publications, reports, scrapbooks, speeches, telegrams, transcripts, and other material.
    [Show full text]