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Holocaust and Jewish Resistance Teachers' Program Summer 2015 Holocaust and Jewish Resistance Teachers’ Program Summer 2015 Documents Holocaust and Jewish Resistance Teachers’ Program American Gathering of Holocaust Survivors and Their Descendants 122 W 30th St #304A New York, NY 10001-4009 (212) 239-4230 www.hajrtp.org July 2015 Elaine Culbertson Neil Garfinkle Meryl Menashe Program Director Program Liaison Program Liaison COPYRIGHT NOTICE The Content here is provided under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (“CCPL” or “license”). This Content is protected by copyright and/or other applicable law. Any use of the Content other than as authorized under this license or copyright law is prohibited. By exercising any rights to the work provided here, you accept and agree to be bound by the terms of this license. To the extent this license may be considered to be a contract, the licensor grants you the rights contained here in consideration of your acceptance of such terms and conditions. Under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, you are invited to copy, distribute and/or modify the Content, and to use the Content here for personal, educational, and other noncommercial purpose on the following terms: • You must cite the author and source of the Content as you would material from any printed work. • You must also cite and link to, when possible, the website as the source of the Content. • You may not remove any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices, including attribution, information, credits, and notices that are placed in or near the Content. • You must comply with all terms or restrictions other than copyright (such as trademark, publicity, and privacy rights, or contractual restrictions) as may be specified in the metadata or as may otherwise apply to the Content. This document was prepared by Jim Culbertson under the direction of Elaine Culbertson and Stephen Feinberg. Any errors or omissions in this document are solely the responsibilty of Jim Culbertson. HAJRTP – 2015 Table of Contents Background Reading .................................................................................................... 1 Yehuda Bauer on Jewish Resistance ..................................................................... 2 Definition of the Holocaust .................................................................................. 3 Holocaust: The Ignored Reality ............................................................................ 4 The Jews of Europe before and after the Holocaust ............................................. 14 The Holocaust Just Got More Shocking .............................................................. 15 Nazi Euphemisms ............................................................................................... 19 Directory of Major Concentration Camps ............................................................ 21 What Is Judaism? ............................................................................................... 23 Jewish Resistance under Nazi Rule ..................................................................... 32 Political Opposition to the Nazis ........................................................................ 38 “What We Value: Spiritual Resistance during The Holocaust” ............................ 40 Spiritual Resistance in the Ghettos ..................................................................... 43 Resistance is . ................................................................................................ 45 Physical Resistance ............................................................................................ 46 Chart: Jewish Resistance Groups by Location ..................................................... 47 Rescuers and Non-Jewish Resistance .................................................................. 49 July 3 ............................................................................................................................ 50 Bergen-Belsen Camp Complex ........................................................................... 51 Bergen-Belsen Timeline ..................................................................................... 53 Thinking of Food—Memoir of Bergen Belsen Survivor Irene Muskal ................ 55 Between Two Streams — A Diary from Bergen-Belsen by Abel Herzberg .......... 58 Chava Rosenfarb: Bergen-Belsen Diary, 1945 ..................................................... 84 July 5–7 ........................................................................................................................ 95 Ravensbrück Concentration Camp ...................................................................... 96 Ravensbrück Timeline ........................................................................................ 99 Spiritual Resistance at Ravensbrück ................................................................. 101 The Dawn of Hope: A Memoir of Ravensbrück ................................................. 102 Other Victims: The Hearing Impaired ............................................................... 127 We Were Jehovah’s Witnesses .......................................................................... 130 Olympic Stadium Berlin ................................................................................... 134 The Track 17 Memorial at Grunewald Railway Station ..................................... 135 Wannsee Conference and the “Final Solution” .................................................. 137 Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin ......................................... 140 Stolpersteine — “Stumbling Blocks” ................................................................ 142 Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp ................................................................. 143 Sachsenhausen Timeline ................................................................................... 146 Arrival at Sachsenhausen by Heinz Heger ........................................................ 148 A Not So Average Joe’s Story: Joachim Boin in Sachsenhausen ......................... 152 The Women’s Rosenstraße Protest in Nazi Berlin by Nathan Stoltzfus .............. 156 Dr. Leonore Goldschmidt Schule (1935-1941) .................................................. 159 July 8 .......................................................................................................................... 172 Map: Eastern Europe after the German-Soviet Pact, 1939–1940 ........................ 173 A History of the Jews in Poland ........................................................................ 174 HAJRTP – 2015 Table of Contents Kraków (Cracow) ............................................................................................. 179 Kraków Timeline ............................................................................................. 184 Tadeusz Pankiewicz: Kraków ........................................................................... 186 Amon Goeth Liquidates the Last Jews in Kraków ............................................. 188 Justyna’s Narrative ........................................................................................... 190 For My Mother: Helena Tichauer Tells Her Story ............................................. 194 July 9 .......................................................................................................................... 200 The Auschwitz Concentration Camp Complex .................................................. 201 Photo: Selection on the Train Platform ............................................................. 208 Auschwitz Timeline ......................................................................................... 209 Gisella Perl: “I Was a Doctor in Auschwitz” ..................................................... 212 Resistance in the Kinderlarger .......................................................................... 216 Excerpt from “Gypsies” by Charlotte Delbo ...................................................... 217 Hugo Gryn: A 14 Year old Jewish Boy Describes his Arrival in Auschwitz ...... 220 Filip Muller: Auschwitz - Birkenau Sonderkommando ...................................... 221 July 10 ........................................................................................................................ 223 Map: Aktion Reinhard in the Generalgouvernement, 1942 ................................ 224 Aktion Reinhard (Einsatz Reinhard) ................................................................. 225 Bełżec Todeslager ............................................................................................ 228 Bełżec Timeline ............................................................................................... 232 Chaim Hirszman: Survivor of Bełżec Death Camp ............................................ 234 Darkness and Hope ........................................................................................... 235 Kurt Gersten: Bełżec Testimony ....................................................................... 239 Map: German Administration of Poland, 1942 .................................................. 242 July 11 ........................................................................................................................ 243 The History of Lublin and Lublin Jews ............................................................. 244 Lublin/Majdanek Timeline ..............................................................................
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