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Index of Titles

A note on film titles: Wherever possible contributors have been asked to provide relevant details about the production context of advertisements in the following for- mat:Title (Director, Studio, Advertising Agency, Year)E.g. Headbomz (Åsa Lucan- der, Aardman , Valenstein & Fatt, 2017)It has not been possible to identify this information in all cases. There are several reasons for this. Archival practices for advertising remain less developed than for other forms of media his- tory, indicating the value of this collection in raising the awareness and importance of these works for our historical understanding. Equally, the changing production and institutional contexts of advertising also means these categories are not always defined or relevant. This is especially the case for older examples where practices did not recognise or define advertising agency, director, or even give titles to com- mercials. We invite readers to reflect on these historical and archival matters when reading.

A Adventures of Andre and Wally B, The Abenteuer des Prinzen Achmed, Die / (1984), 271 Adventures of Prince Achmed, The Airscrew (1940), 154 (1926), 74 Aladdin and the Magic Lamp (1939), About to Uncover (1994), 289 62 Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1935), Abyss, The (1989), 290 60 Ack-Ack (1941), 152, 155 Ali vs Ali (2004), 189 Action Photos (1991), 182 Amazing Place (1991), 235–237 Add Abilify (2001), 199 Amazin’ Straws (1995), 291

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 313 license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 M. Cook and K. M. Thompson (eds.), and Advertising, Palgrave Animation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27939-4 314 INDEX OF FILM TITLES

Antz (1998), 275 Creature Comforts (1989), 253 Arjuna the Archer (2009), 255 Crime Does Not Pay (c. 1940s), 21 Crimson Tide (1995), 275 CT5 Flight Simulator (1980), 270 B Babies (1990), 291 Bananas? Si Señor! (1956), 24 D Barcarole, Der / Barcarole, The (1924), Dance of the Waterlilies (1989), 290 79, 81, 82 Dancing Cards (1990), 290 Battle of the Somme, The (1916), 16 Dangerous When Wet (1953), 182 Be Like Mike (1991), 183 Dante’s Peak (1997), 275 Beavis and Butthead [ Show] Daria [] (1997–2002), (1993-1997), 251 197 Beer Mukashimukashi / Beer Long, Long Dawn of Better Living, The (1945), 135 Ago (1956), 222 Debris Tunnelling (1943), 154, 155 Bílý jelen / White Deer (1932), 171 Deep Impact (1998), 275 Birth of the Robot, The (1936), 237 Disneyland [Television Show] (1954- Blackton Sketches, No. 1 (1896), 2 1958), 28, 89, 91, 92, 96, Boy Who Would Make Pictures, The 101 (1924), 115 DNA with Ethidium (1979), 269 Brilliance (1985), 271–273, 276 Dobrá kuchynˇe Vitello / Vitello, the Good Bursting (1993), 291 Cuisine (1930), 170 Dornröschen / Sleeping Beauty (1922), 81 C Dot to Dot (1982), 234 Calendar of the Year (1936), 86 15.6 Durant Motor Car, The (1923), Raisins (1986), 251 115 Carnival in the Clothes Cupboard Dustbin Parade (1942), 149–151 (1941), 148 Charm’s BG * (1948), 23 E Check Me Out (1996), 292 Electricity and You (2011), 140, 141 Christmas is Coming (1951), 73 Eno’s “Fruit Salt” (1923), 116 Chuckling Straws (1993), 292 Clark’s Creamed Barley (1923), 114, 118 F Cloud (2011), 199 Fable of the Fabrics (1942), 148 Cold Comfort (1944), 150 Fairy of the Phone, The (1936), 81 Colour Box (1935), 75 Fantasmagorie (1908), 3 Colour Cry (1952), 238 Feeling Wound Up (2010), 201 Colour Flight (1938), 237 Filling the Gap (1942), 145, 146, 151, Compost Heaps (1943), 150 152 Control Room (1942), 154–156 Frankenstein (1992), 239 Cracks (1992), 288 From Rags to Stitches (1944), 149 INDEX OF FILM TITLES 315

G Intermezzo (2013), 201 Gali Gali Sim Sim – Abrahams It’s Alive (2003), 198 [Advertisement] (2011), 253 Gali Gali Sim Sim [Television Show] (2006-), 253 J Geheimnis der Marquise, Das / Secret of Jája milujecistotu ˇ / Johnnie Loves It the Marquise, The (1921/22), 79, Clean (1932), 171 81 James and the Giant Peach (1996), 185 Geri’s Game (1997), 284 Jerry (2016), 200 Good News Travels Far (1930), 121 Johnny Mnemonic (1995), 290 Grand Opening (1991), 288 Just Imagine (1947), 16 Grand Washing Contest (1930), 121 Groove Like Mike (2015), 183

K H Kaleidoscope (1935), 77 Hanibal v pralese / Hannibal in the Kapeesh? (1989), 181 Virgin Forest (1932), 171 Klip—Klap (1934), 170 Hare Ribbin’ (1944), 5 Knick Knack (1989), 284, 289 Harlequin (1930), 81 Kreise / Circles (1933), 61 HeMan and the Masters of the Universe Kubo and the Two Strings (2016), 63 [Television Show] (1983-1985), 5 Kuroi Otoko no Bur¯uzu / Black Man’s Hennessy’s Brandy (1923), 116 Blues (1964), 218 Here I Am: Be Your Own Fan (2008), 187 Here I Am: Conversations from the L Inside (2008), 187 Lady and the Tramp (1955), 97 Here I Am: Do Judo (2008), 187 Last Star Fighter, The (1984), 274 Here I Am: A Short Story of a Tall Girl Launching Magic (1993), 292 (2008), 187 L’il Penny (1995), 185 Here I Am: Show Me Your Dark Side Little Mermaid, The (1989), 288 Mother Nature (2008), 187 Hourglass (1992), 289 Little Richard the Genie (1992), 182 HPO, The (1938), 75, 77–82 Living Circle, The (1956), 24 Living Room (1995), 185 London, Midland and Scottish Railway I (1923), 116 I am not a role model (1992), 184 LongHaired Hare (1949), 272 Impossible Field (2005), 190 Long RunThe (2011), 189 Impossible is Nothing (2004), 189 Love on the Range (1938), 58 Impossible is Nothing: David Beckham Lurpak Butter Man (1985), 251 (2007), 191 Luxo Jr. (1986), 273, 275–277, 285, Improve (2016), 201 288, 289 316 INDEX OF FILM TITLES

M Pin Box (1995), 289 Magic Atlas, The (1935), 58, 61 Pirates! In an Adventure with Scien- Magnets (1996), 289 tists!, The [also known asPirates! Middle East (1942), 153 Band of Misfits, The] (2012), 63 Mitternacht / Midnight (1933), 64 Poga: Free Your Life (2001), 251 Mobilising Procedure (1942), 154 Power Unit (1937), 152 Model Procedure for Water Relaying Prací pˇrehlídka / Washing Parade, A (1942), 154, 155 (1937), 171 Model Sorter (1943), 150 Prevention and Control of Distortion in Mony a Pickle (1938), 76 Arc Welding (1945), 143 Mr Dollar (1967), 37 Printed Rainbow (2006), 256 Mr…Goes Motoring (1924), 115, 118, Promˇena strýˇcka Bobyho / Metamorphosis 119 of Uncle Boby, The (1930), 172, MrsSewandSew(1944), 149 173 Multiple Symptoms (2016), 199 Pump (1990), 291 Murray Mints (1955), 5

Q N Quite a Package (1990), 290 Nana (1926), 77 Naval Operations (1941), 153, 155 Nezapomenutelný plakát / Unfor- R gettable Poster, The (1937), RabbitofSeville(1950), 5, 6, 272 172 Rainbow Dance (1936), 237 (1936), 85 Reddy and Mr. Toot [Television Show] Nobody, Nobody, Nobody (1988), 181 (1972), 128 No Mars (1990), 181 Reddy Kilowatt; The Mighty Atom NorNW (1938), 85 (1959), 128, 139 North Sea (1938), 76 Reddy Made Magic (1946), 20, 128, NZ Apples (1961), 5, 37 132, 137 Red Fish (2016), 202 Red’s Dream (1987), 285, 289 O Refuse to Lie Down (2017), 203 On Parade (1936), 58 Restoration I (2016), 200 Orange (2006), 256 Return of the Jungle (2018), 257 Rollende Rad, Das / Rolling Wheel, The (1934), 77 P R¯oto Megusuri / R¯oto Eyedrops (1962), Pets (1993), 238 219 Philips Broadcast 1938, The (1938), 59, 62, 64, 65 Philips Cavalcade (1939), 59, 60, 62, S 64 Sandeman’s Port (1923), 116 INDEX OF FILM TITLES 317

Schichtal, or Radion (1925), 171 That Was Tyra Banks, Fool ! (1996), Scientific Explanation, A (1991), 182 186 Seik¯osha no Tokei / Seik¯oWatch(1953), Three Little Pigs (1933), 137 213, 216, 217, 219 (1988), 285, 288 Sesame Street [Television Show] Tocher: A Film Ballet, The (1938), 73, (1969-), 253 75 Shell Oil: The Story of Petroleum (1945), Tony De Peltrie (1985), 272, 274, 275, 20 277 SheRa: Princess of Power [Television Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom (1953), Show] (1985-1986), 5 92 Ship of the Ether, The (1934), 58, 64, Torys Bar (1958), 222–225 66 Tour of the West, A (1955), 94, 95 Simpsons, The [Television Show] (1995), 284, 286, 292, 294 (1989-), 251 Toy Story Treats (1996), 284 Sizzle Film (2015), 300–304 Trees (1952), 37, 291 Sleeping Beauty, The (1938), 58, 62 Tres Caballeros (1930), 83 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs Tron (1982), 274 (1937), 21 Space Jam (1996), 182, 184 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), 304 U Springs (1938), 152 Uni P (1961), 219 : Wrath of Khan, The (1982), USA in Circarama, The (1958), 95 270, 274 Steamboat Willie (1928), 7 Strýˇcek Boby podniká cestu aeroplánem V / Uncle Boby Takes a Plane Trip Virile Games (1988), 181 (1930), 172 V Kathakali I (1999), 251–254 Sukeroku (1958), 224, 225 Vol Libre (1980), 270, 271, 276 Susie the Little Blue Coupe (1952), 99 Voyager 2 Encounters Jupiter (1979), Su Zhendong de zhongwen daziji / Su 270 Zhendong’s Chinese Typewriter Všechno pro trhanec / Everything for a (1922), 4 Scrambled Pancake (1937), 172 Swinging the Lambeth Walk (1939), Vue: This is Not Cinema (2017), 300, 237 301

T Tale of the Amp Lion, The (1924), 123 W 2018 Terrain Reveal x The Mill War in the East (1941), 153 Blackbird (2017), 17 We’ve Got Taste (1993), 292 Tetsuwan Atomu / Astro Boy [Television What Ho She Bumps (1937), 58 Show] (1963-1966), 32, 214 White Wash Job, The (1929), 121 Texting (2016), 202 Wings (2011), 200 318 INDEX OF FILM TITLES

X You Cannot Do This (1989), 181 X-Ray (1993), 239

Z Y Zauberblau, Der / Magic Pencil, The 2010: The Year We Make Contact (1925), 163 (1984), 274 Zoloft Dot (2001), 199, 203 Subject Index

A Advertising campaigns, 8, 31, 35, 61, Aardman Animation, 5, 247, 251, 253, 116, 166, 167, 174, 176, 284, 257 287, 300 ABC Television network, 91 Advertising, serial, 168 Abel, Robert & Associates, 271 Aesthetic, 67, 156. See also Ani- AbelsonTaylor Chicago Agency, 201 mated diagrams/Diagrammatic Abstract animation, 199 sequence(s) (Academy of Motion Affect, 15, 20, 35, 136, 180, 185, 190, Picture Arts and Sciences), 63, 69, 300, 305, 306 286 African-American, 102 Acland, Charles R., 268 After Effects, 230 Association for Computing Machin- Aitken, Ian, 84 ery’s Special Interested Group Album cover art, 232 on Computer Graphics and Aldrin, Buzz, 234 Interactive Techniques (ACM Ali Baba, 132 SIGGRAPH), 267, 269 Alice, 93 Acoustic role of advertising, 219 Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corporation, Adlets, 29, 112–116, 118, 120–123 139. See also Spokescharacters Adressat/Audience, 84 Allen, Michael, 276, 280 Advertiser’s Weekly, 146 Amberg, George, 84 Advertising agencies, 56, 239 American Broadcasting-Paramount Advertising appeals, 117, 121 Theatres (AB-PT), 91

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 319 license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 M. Cook and K. M. Thompson (eds.), Animation and Advertising, Palgrave Animation, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27939-4 320 SUBJECT INDEX

American Civil Liberties Union Austro-Hungarian, 164, 165 (ACLU), 102 Automobile manufacturers American Dairy Association, 91 American Motors, 91, 92, 93, 94, 99 American Mutual Liability Insurance Chevrolet, 41, 42, 82, 103 Co., 139 Chrysler, 92 American Public Relations Association Durant, 115 (APRA), 137 Ford, 92, 99, 101, 102 Amidi, Amid, 5–6, 37, 92, 103, 104 General Motors (GM), 41, 92, 99, Amplification, 189 102, 103. See also Disney Amsler, André, 83 Autonomy, 33, 79, 248, 255, 257, 259 Anim¯eshon sannin no kai/Animation Autopia (Disneyland attraction), 97, Association of Three, 223 99, 101 Animated Body, 202 Avant-garde, 232, 238, 240 Animated commercial displays, 116 Animated diagrams/Diagrammatic sequence(s), 97, 145, 147, B 151–156, 168, 202 Baird, John Logie, 7 Animated element, 167, 198. See also Baird, Thomas, 154 Anthropomorphism Balázs, Béla, 82 Animated Pictures, 113 Baldwin, Huntley, 8 Animation, India, 248 Banks, Tyra, 186 Animation studios, boutique, 247, 248 Barnes, Gov. William, 134 Anime, 27, 32, 33, 214–218, 220–225 Barré, Raoul, 7 Anime studies, 216 Barrie, J.M., 92 Animism, 8, 135 Barta, Jiˇrí, 238 Anlass/Purpose, 84 Basquiat, Jean-Michel, 236 Anthony, Scott, 81, 83, 85 Bastiancich, Alfio, 83 Anthropomorphism, 11, 15, 18, 29, Batchelor, Joy, 147, 151, 156, 158, 99, 129, 134, 135, 149–151, 197, 159 198, 213, 291, 293 Bateman, H.E., 115, 116, 120 Appeal, 15, 291 Bates Agency, Ted, 4 Apple and Pear Marketing Board (NZ), Bates, Charles Austin, 13 5 Baxter, Neil, 84 Apple Computers, 273 Beckham, David, 189, 191 Ardizzone, Edward, 78 Beddington, Jack, 146, 147 Armstrong, Neil, 234 Bell Laboratories, 270 ARPA, 274 Bell Telephone System, 95 Artisanal animation, 259 Benjamin, Walter, 10, 39, 81, 86 Artmonsky, Ruth, 78, 85, 157 Bergeron, Philippe, 272, 278 AT&T, 271 Bergfelder, Tim, 44 Auftrag/Commissioner, 84 Berlin, 56, 67, 74, 77, 163, 167 Austria, 165 Bernstein, Sidney, 123, 148 SUBJECT INDEX 321

Bert Ambrose and his Orchestra, 64 Gillette, 271 Big Pharma, 197, 198 Halo Shampoo, 38 Billboards, 17 Heinz 57 varieties, 145 Bill Sturm Studios, 37 Hennessey’s brandy, 113 Binger, O.D., 116, 124 Hershey, 291 Blackbird, 16 Horlick’s, 58 Black culture, 184 Horlick’s malted milk, 56 Black Entertainment Television (BET), Ipana (toothpaste), 90 229 Kellogg’s, 147, 289 Blackton, James Stuart, 2 Kelvinator, 92, 94, 135 Blendo style, 288 Kodak, 115 Blinn, Jim, 270 Levi’s, 283, 286, 289, 290 Boddy, William, 267, 277 Life Savers, 285, 291, 297 Boeing Research, 270 Listerine, 283, 291 Bonzo the Pup, 119 Lux (laundry flakes), 147, 148 Bottomore, Stephen, 305 M&M, 20 Bousfield, Neil, 238 Mauxion praline, 81 Boutique producers, 250, 257 McDonald’s, 289 Brabec, Jan, 165, 167 Motts Apple Juice, 38 Brand/Branding, 10, 18, 31, 44, 89, Nash Rambler, 93. See also 114, 116, 153, 195, 229, 230, Automobile manufacturers 240, 251–253 Nestle’s Milk, 113 Adidas, 180 Nike, 179 Aeronca, 134 Nivea, 79, 81 Air Jordan, 181 Nutri Grain cereal. See Ajax, 38 Optrex, 273 Amaron, 253 Overland Motor Car, 116 Anacin, 4. See also Pharmaceuticals Persil, 121 Armitage’s Chicken Feed, 116 Peter Pan Peanut Butter, 90. See also Asahi Pentax, 218 Derby Foods Botany, 4 Pilot’s Matches, 16 Brooke Bond Tea, 253 Pinnace Cigarettes, 119. See also Chesterfield, 22 Bonzo the Pup Churchman’s cigarettes, 77 Pirelli, 116 Clark’s Creamed Barley, 114 Reebok, 187 Coca-Cola, 216, 217, 220, 283, Rinso, 21, 38, 56, 147 286, 289 Rosarita, 290 Edo Murasaki, 224 Schaefer Beer, 3 Egg Beaters, 288 Schicht, 164 Embassy Suites, 22 Seik¯o, 213, 214, 217 Fresca, 292. See also Pixar Shredded Wheat, 134 Gatorade, 183 Smirnoff Vodka, 253 322 SUBJECT INDEX

Sunbeam Bread, 38 BuzzCo Associates, 233. See also Super Suds, 38 Perpetual Motion Pictures Tetley Tea, 38 Tide, 271 Top Ramen, 253 C Torys Whiskey, 222 Calder, Emma, 238 Toys ‘R’ Us. See Pixar Callcott, Margaret F., 18 Trident Freshmint Sugarless Gum, Calling Forth, 31, 179, 185, 186, 189 290 Camera, virtual, 289, 293 Trix, 90 Capitalism, 238 Tropicana, 283, 288, 289, 291, 292, Caravel , 7 296 Cargnelli, Christian, 44 7-Up (soft drink), 90 Caricatures, 5, 59 Vitello lard, 170, 171 Carpenter, Loren, 270, 274, 278 Volkswagen, 289 Cartoon Films, 7 Waterman’s Ink, 16 , 251 Brer Rabbit, 93 Cartoon panels, 5 Museum and Art Gallery, 76 Cascade Pictures, 37 Britain, 5, 16, 28, 74–76, 81, 83, 111, Cat & Crossbones Productions, 234 112, 117, 122, 124, 146, 214 Catchphrase, 5 British Empire, 83 ‘BBBBB—OOOOO!!’, 5 British Ministry of Information (MoI), ‘Better Things for Better Liv- 30, 136, 145 ing…Through Chemistry’, Britten, Benjamin, 75 135 Broadcast Arts (later ), ‘electrical servant’, 129 234 ‘Feel Everything’, 299, 305, 307. See Broadcast television, 232 also Sky HD Broadway, 113 ‘Go Electric’, 140 Brooke, Michael, 76, 77, 85 ‘Going… going… gone’, 5 Brown, Ken, 234 ‘I’ll be your dishwashing man’, 140. Brown, Maxine, 274 See also Kilowatt, Reddy Brown, Rex, 131 ‘Impossible is Nothing’, 189 Brussels World’s Fair (Expo 58), 95, ‘I Want My MTV’, 233 101 ‘Just Do It’, 187 Bryher, Winifred Ellerman, 76, 84 ‘Let go of your senses’, 300 Budapest, 56, 67, 164 ‘Live electrically and enjoy the Bunny, Bugs, 7 difference’, 135. See also Bunny, Lola, 184 Kilowatt, Reddy Burnett Agency, Leo, 291, 292 ‘Put a tiger in your tank’, 18 Burnett, Ogilvy and Mather Agency, ‘See it. Hear it. Feel it’, 300. See also 18 Wide Eye Media (Ireland) Burns, Robert, 76 ‘Take your seat’, 303. See also Vue SUBJECT INDEX 323

‘This Is Not a Cinema’, 307. See also Comic strips, 5, 62, 136 Vue Commercial Advertising Bureau, 2–3 ‘too-good-to-hurry-mints’, 5 Commercial Art, 114 ‘Too late for Herpicide’, 5 Commodity fetishism, 9 ‘What’s your horsepower?’, 134 Communality, 258 ‘Your Electric Servant’, 129. See also Production Kilowatt, Reddy System (CAPS), 288 Caterpillar Tractor Co., 139 Computer Generated Imagery (CGI), Catmull, Ed, 270 201, 285, 288, 302 Cavalcanti, Alberto, 84 Computer-Aided Design (CAD), 289 animation, 22, 64, 102, 103, 170, Confectionary/Candy advertising, 291 214, 273 Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), Celluloid, 7 102 Central Europe, 166 Cook, Malcolm, 28, 35, 37, 38, 251, Chad Associates, 7 261, 273, 279 Chand, R.K., 258, 262 Coolie, 132, 140 Channel [V], 248, 251, 252, 260 Counterculture, 239 Character animations, 97, 99, 287, 291 Cowan, Michael, 10, 15, 39, 78, 80, Chaudhuri, Arnab, 248, 254, 260 83, 86 Children’s Television Workshop, 232 Cox, Sarah, 238 Ciarlo, David, 9 Crafton, Donald, 3, 7, 36, 38, 61, 69 Cinads, 29, 112–118, 120–124 Crafts, Lisa, 234 Cinderagella. See Fairy tale Cranston-Csuri Productions, 271 Cinema exhibition, 26, 267 Creative practice, 56, 63, 259, 300 Cinema idents, 306, 307 Creative Revolution, 40, 239 Cinema of Attractions, 276, 301, 302 , 74 CinemaScope, 97 Crutchley, E.T., 78, 84 Cullity, Jocelyn, 253, 260 Circarama, 94, 95 Curious Pictures. See Broadcast Arts Circulation, (Inter)national, 56, 62 (later Curious Pictures) Civil Defence Service (UK), 154 Czechoslovakia, 67, 163, 165, 166 Civil Rights Act (1964), 102 Clark, Kenneth, 146, 157 , 253, 257 D Clements, Jonathan, 214, 226 Darley, Andrew, 295 Cohl, Emile, 3 David, Sky (Dennis Pies), 234 Coldstream, William, 81 DeFanti, Tom, 269 Collins, Ashton B., 42, 127, 135–137, De Klerk, Nico, 39 143 Demonstration animations, 287 , 234, 285, 287, 296 Deneroff, Harvey, 253, 260 Colour, 75, 235 Denison, Rayna, 214–216, 223, 226 Comics Dents¯u Eigasha Agency, 213, 217, Amar Chitrakatha, 254 219, 222 324 SUBJECT INDEX

Depression. See Pharmaceuticals Donnelly, K.J., 300 Derby Foods, 91, 92 Doordarshan, 251, 252 Dermatophyte (nail infection), 199 Dougherty, Peter, 231, 233, 236–238, Desalle, Delphine, 187, 188 242 Design, 237 DreamWorks, 250, 275, 277 Deulig (Berlin), 163 Drugs. See Pharmaceuticals Deutsch Inc. NYC Agency, 199 DTC advertising, 197, 204 de Vere, Alison, 5 Duck, Daffy, 184 Diagram Sequence, 151, 155. Duck, Donald, 21, 93 See also Animated dia- Dufaycolor, 75, 78 grams/Diagrammatic sequence(s) Dumala, Piotr, 238 Dichter, Ernest, 13 Dunning, George, 5 Dickinson, Thorold, 77 DuPont, 7, 135 Digital Cinema Media (DCM) (U.K), 300 , 275 E Digital Effects, 271 Earle, Eyvind, 97 Digital Productions, 271 Easdale, Brian, 78 Digitales, 258, 262 Eastman, Tony, 234 Dilution, 185, 190 Edison Institute, 136 Direct-to-consumer ads (DTC), 196, Edison, Thomas, 128 197 Educational, 153, 155 Disney, 9, 27, 28, 57, 61, 89–103, Educational films, 135, 156 128, 132, 135, 137, 146, 147, Eggeling, Viking, 237 149, 182–184, 250, 251, 273, Eindhoven, 56, 62, 64, 66, 67, 167 288 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 95–97, 105 Disney, Walt, 3, 21, 89, 90, 94, 102, Eisenstein, Sergei, 9, 15, 38–40, 221 103, 137, 157, 287 Electrical spokescharacter, 139. See also Disneyland, 28, 90, 91, 94, 95, 97–101 Kilowatt, Reddy Dispositif, 169 Electricity, 138 Dixon, Bryony, 78, 79, 85 Electricity, as modernity, 18–19, 29, Docter, Pete, 284, 289 132, 134, 135 Documentary film, 171 Electric signs, 111–113, 116, 117, Documentary Movement, 145–147, 119, 122 154 Elektra Film, 37 Documentary News Letter, 145, 151, Elliott, Graham, 234. See also Cat & 155, 157–159 Crossbones Productions Dodal, Karel, 167, 168, 172, 175, 176 Elsaesser, Thomas, 66, 70 Dolby, 35, 299–301, 303, 306–308 Elton, Arthur, 153 Dolby Atmos, 307 Emotional, 12–15, 22, 31, 35, Dolby digital, 308 117–121, 167, 188, 191, 192, Dolby Sound, 303, 307 199, 306, 309 SUBJECT INDEX 325

Enchanted Tiki Room, 132. See also Flaig, Paul, 168 Disneyland Fleischer Bros. Studio, 57, 182, 184 Engelbart, Douglas, 268–271 Fleischer, Max, 182 Entertainment, 7, 12, 15, 16, 21, 27, Fletcher Smith Studios, 38 29, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 68, 78, 81, Flintstone, Fred, 7 97, 99, 113, 114, 120, 121, 140, Florin, Bo, 39 148, 150, 152, 156, 158, 285, Folklore, 82 301, 302 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), EPOK, 3, 21 196, 197, 200, 202, 205 Eshbaugh Studios, Ted, 7 Fordism, 168 Ethnographic scholarship, 248 Fornaciari, Brad, 294 Evans, David C., 270 Foucault, Michel, 10 Exhibition sites, 62, 147 Fractals, 270 Exhibitors, 147 Franklin, Benjamin, 128, 131 Exner, Virgil, 92 Freedman, Mrs. Claudia, 85 Expanded animation, 131 Fudd, Elmer, 182 Experimental animation, 33, 147, Furniss, Maureen, 7 230–232, 234, 238, 239 Exxon, 18, 102 G Gaines, Jane, 90, 103 F Gantray-Lawrence Animation, 37 Factory (sound design and audio Galt, Rosalind, 27, 44, 79, 80, 85 facility), 307 Garfield, 22 Fairy tale, 74, 82, 148, 164, 172 Gasparcolor, 64 Famous’s House of Animation, Gaudreault, André, 112, 122 251–254, 262 Gender, 129, 132 Fanzines, 232 General Electric, 135 Farnsworth, John, 7 Genie, 18, 140, 182 Fat, 31, 163, 164, 173. See also Schicht German film industry, 56 Company German Ministry of Transport, 74 Faught, Millard, 20, 21, 42 Germany, 4, 56, 63, 67, 74, 77, 166 Federal Housing Association (FHA), Gerow, Aaron, 222, 227 135 Gifford-Kim Animation, 37 Federal-Aid Highway Act, 95 Ginza district (Tokyo), 214 , 3, 22, 120 Glass (materiality), 66 Filmfair, 37 Glimpsograph, 113 Film sound, 306 Glycerin, 164 Films Division, 145–147, 157, 250 Godfrey, Bob, 5 Fine Arts Films, 37 Gold Greenlees Trott Agency, 251 First World War, 61, 112, 164 Golden Gate International Exposition, Fischinger, Oskar, 7, 56, 61, 219, 237 90 326 SUBJECT INDEX

Goodman, Alan, 233, 234, 240 Hilberman, David, 37 Goofy, 183 Hilton, Stuart, 238 GPO Film Unit, 28, 73, 75, 80, 83, 84 Hodgson, Jonathan, 238 Grabher, Gernot, 255, 257, 260, 261 Holiday with Light Show (1964), 131 Granass, Bruno, 163 Hollywood , 283 Graphic arts, 232 Hollywood cinema, 35, 276, 285, 290, Graphic design, punk, 235 294 Great Empire Exhibition 1938, Honda, 97 Glasgow, 76 Hope, Bob, 136 Green, Doris M., 85 House style, 284. See also Pixar Greetings Telegrams, 77, 78, 80 Hudson, 92 Grey New York Agency, 200 Humour, 149, 231 Grierson, John, 73, 76, 77, 152, 158 Hungary, 165 Grieveson, Lee, 101, 105 Hurrell, Phyllis, 90 Griffin, George, 230 Hyde, Miss I.M., 85 Groskopf, Jeremy, 5, 16, 37, 103 Hylton, Jack, 64 GSW New York Agency, 202 Hyperreal aesthetic, 284, 292, 306, Guggenheim, Ralph, 286, 287, 291 309 Gunning, Tom, 104, 168, 175, 276, 279, 310 Gurevitch, Leon, 277, 280, 302, 310 I Gurr, Robert (‘Bob’) Henry, 99, 105 Iceman (Image Computing Environ- Gutierrez, Gary, 234. See also Colossal ment), 288 Pictures Ident, 1, 33, 35, 229–235, 237–240, 248, 253, 255, 300–302, 304–309 Ihde, Don, 305 H Iijima, Tadashi, 218, 219, 226 Halas and Batchelor, 5, 30, 145, Image West, 271 147–152, 156 Inbetweening, 64 Halas, John, 147, 148, 150, 151, 158, Indian animation, 259 159 Indigenous, 249 Hand-made aesthetic, 236 Industrial design, 93 Hand of the animator, 163, 219 Information International Inc., 271 Haney, Ged, 238 Ink Tank, The, 234 Happ, Alfred, 84 instructional animation, 156 Haptic, 308 Intermediality, 8, 26, 28–30, 56, 62, Haptic visuality, 306 93, 112, 128, 134, 139, 164, 169 Hardaway, Penny, 185 International Rocketship Limited, 234 Harris, Samuel, 105 Intersensory correspondence, 35, 300, Hediger, Vinzenz, 39, 268, 277 304, 306, 308, 309 Hershey, Frank, 92 Interstitial, 231, 241, 248, 249, Highways, 96 251–254 SUBJECT INDEX 327

Italy, 164, 165 L Ivens, Joris, 65 Labour, 9, 24, 29, 64, 121, 129, 132, Iwerks, Ub, 3, 22, 94, 104 140, 189, 248 Lachapelle, Pierre, 272, 273, 278 , 63 J La Mantia, Simona, 187–189 Jordaan, L.J., 64, 69, 70 Langlois, Daniel, 272, 274 Jam Handy Organisation, 6, 41 Language versions, 61, 62, 164 James, Margaret Calkin, 85 Lantz, Walter, 20, 21, 128, 132, 135, Jardine, Alex, 85 137–139, 142, 143 Jenkins, C. Francis, 2 Lasseter, John, 273, 279, 284, 285, Jennings, Nicholas, 235 288, 290, 291, 297 Jingles, 5 Lawrence Livermore National Johnson, Flip, 235–237 Laboratory, 270 Jones, Chuck, 5, 6, 271 Jordan, Michael, 181 Leaf, Caroline, 230, 261 Lears, Jackson, 8, 142 Lee, Spike, 181, 182, 185, 189 K Leigh, Douglas, 3, 21 Kansas City Slide Company, 90 Leiss, William, 14 Kassabian, Anahid, 306 Leslie, Esther, 10 Kawamoto, Kihachir¯o, 222 Lev, Michael, 288, 295 Key poses, 64 Licensees, 137 Kilowatt, 29, 128–132, 134, 138, 139 Lieberman, Jerry, 234 Kilowatt, Reddy, 18, 19, 29, 30, Light bulbs, 66 127–134, 136–139, 140, 141. See Limited animation, 214, 217, 222–225 also Spokescharacter Lions’ Club, 137 Kimball, Ward, 92 Logo, 66, 81, 98, 164, 166, 197, 203, Kinchin, Juliet, 84 213, 229–231, 234, 235, 239, Kinchin, Perilla, 84 248, 252, 271, 274, 276, 291, King, Geoff, 309 294 Kiwanis, 131, 137 London Film Society, 77 Klein, Jon, 231, 236 Lord & Taylor agency, 13 Klein, Norman M., 7, 104 Lord, Peter, 63 Knotts Berry Farm, 95 Koh-i-noor Hardmuth Company, 163 Loter, Jim, 15 Kohner, Paul, 57, 69, 70 Low, Rachael, 75, 84, 85 Kucia, Jerzy, 238 Lucasfilm, 270, 272–274, 284, 286 Kugel, Candy, 233, 234, 241, 242 Lucasfilm Computer Graphics Group, Kumaresh, Vaibhav, 251–255, 257, 271, 274 261 Lundy, Dick, 138 Kuri, Y¯oji, 223 Lye, Len, 75, 77, 83, 85, 237 328 SUBJECT INDEX

M MedienVerbund, 66 MacKay, John, 4 Memphis Milano art movement, 234 Mackendrick, Alexander, 148 Mengelberg, Willem, 59 MacRury, Iain, 300 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 299 MAGI, 271 Messmer, Otto, 3, 21 Magic, 168, 172 Metamorphosis, 8, 163, 167 ‘Magic Highway, U.S.A.’, 89, 96, 97, Club, 90 101 Middleton, C.H., 150 Magic Skyway, 101, 102 Mieder, Wolfgang, 82, 86 Malhotra, Natasha (VP and Exec. Mihailova, Mihaela, 4 producer, MTV India), 251 Manabe, Hiroshi, 223 Miki, Norihei, 224 Mander, Kay, 156 Mill, The, 16, 17, 299, 301, 302, 304, Manga, 221, 224, 225, 235 307 Manhattan Design (Frank Olinsky, Pat Ministry of Information (MoI), 146, Gorman and Patty Rogoff), 231 250 Manovich, Lev, 230 MIT Architecture Machine Group, 269 Mansell, James G., 83 Mitsubishi, 219 Manvell, Roger, 84, 85, 158, 159 Mobile film units, 147 Marchand, Roland, 14 Mochinaga, Tadahito, 216, 222 Marionette, 131, 169, 172 Modernity, 9, 65, 129, 132, 135, 141, Marketing strategies, 56 167, 169 Marsden, W.H.E., 113, 123 Modernization, 173 Marvin the Martian, 182 Mohan, Ram, 250 Marx, Karl, 9 Montage (televisual), 221 Mass audience, 166 Moritz, William, 64, 69 Mass Observation, 150, 153 Morrow Films, 5 Mass psychology, 136 Morse, Deanna, 230 Mat service, 142 Moses, Robert, 101 Materiality, 56, 308 Moss Empire, 112 , 5 Moss, Graham, 84 Max, Nelson, 269 Mouris, Caroline, 230 McCann HumanCare Agency, 199 McCarthy, Charlie, 136 Mouris, Frank, 230 McCay, Winsor, 3, 9 Mouse, Mickey, 7–8, 21, 22, 93, 128, McFall, Liz, 10 146, 182 McGee, Fibber and Mollie, 136 MTV Europe, 230, 233, 236, 237 McGrath, Judy, 231, 234 MTV Generation, 230 McIntosh, John, 275, 276, 279 MTV India, 251–253, 261 McLaren, Norman, 75 Mulloy, Phil, 238 Mechanization, 132, 167 Multilingual, 163, 165 Media mix, 33, 215, 223 Multinational, 163, 165, 172 SUBJECT INDEX 329

Music Television (MTV), 33, 197, Olive Jar Studios, 234 229–236, 238–241, 243, Omnibus Computer Graphics, 271 251–253, 286 oN-Line System, 268, 269 Music videos, 230 Oreb, Tom, 93 Mutt and Jeff, 7, 120 Organisational authority, 257 Mutual Telephone Co. of Hawaii, 139 Ortner, Sherry, 258, 262 Oshidar, Cyrus, 251–253 Oxberry animation stand, 235 N Nakai, K¯oichi, 222, 227 National Fire Service, 154 P Nazi/Nazis, 13, 137 Pacific Data Images Inc., 271, 288 Negroponte, Nicholas, 269, 278 Packard, Vance, 14 Neo-artisanal production, 249 Pai, Anant, 254 Netherlands, 56, 61, 62, 64, 67, 68 Paik, Karen, 286, 289, 290, 295–297 Neupert, Richard, 38, 287, 296, 297 Paint on glass animation, 238 New Deal, 136. See also Roosevelt, Pal Studio, 56, 58 Franklin Delano (FDR) Pal, George (György Pál), 27, 55, Newland, Marv, 230. See also 57–60, 62–66, 68–70, 148, 167 International Rocketship Limited Palfreyman, Rachel, 83 New York Institute of Technology, 273 Para-site, 231, 239 New York World, 2 Paris, 56, 58, 67 New York World’s Fair, 1939, 101, Parke, Frederic, 269, 274, 276, 278 102, 128 Parker, Osbert, 238 New York World’s Fair, 1964, 99, 101, Park, Nick, 253 102, 128, 131 New Zealand, 5, 44, 196 Parry, John, 238 , 229, 251, 286, 290 Patent, 63, 70 Nihon Terebijon (‘Television Corpora- Payson, John, 231, 235 tion of Japan’), 215 Perceptual realism, 290 Non-theatrical, 11, 147, 154 Perpetual Motion Pictures, 234. See Nostalgia, 1 also BuzzCo Associates Noyes, Jr., Eli, 234 Personality, 129 Numann, Sies, 58, 66 Personification, 18, 196, 202, 205, 291 NYU students, 234 Peterson, Bob, 284, 289 Petrolle, Jean, 84 Pharma. See Pharmaceuticals O Pharmaceuticals, 1, 22, 31, 196–198, Oakes, Steve, 234. See also Broadcast 204, 205 Arts (later Curious Pictures) Abilify, 199 Ofuji,¯ Nobur¯o, 222 Botox, 203, 204 Ogilvy, David, 13 Intermezzo, 201 Ohmer, Susan, 90, 103 Lamisil, 198 330 SUBJECT INDEX

Lunesta (sleeping drug), 200 Prince, Stephen, 290 Myrbetriq (bladder medication), 203 Print advertisements, 67, 111, 112, Pradaxa (heart/stroke medication), 114, 115, 118, 120, 128, 164, 202 196, 205 Pristiq, 201 Production culture, 248, 254, 284 Trintellix, 199, 201 Promotion (promo), 2, 4, 16, 17, 22, Trulicity, 200 28, 79, 90, 91, 95, 97, 101, 103, Zoloft, 197, 203 131, 171, 234, 236, 267 Phenomenology, 35, 290 Promotional toys, 169 Philips, 27, 56, 58, 61, 62, 64–67 Propaganda, 11, 12, 16, 20, 21, 30, Philips Co. (Netherlands), 56 57, 77, 93, 135, 146, 147, 150, Philips Company Archives, 70 152–157 Piccadilly Circus, 1, 3, 113, 116, 119 ‘Propaganda Centrale’ (Philips Pierson, Michele, 290, 296 Advertising Department), 66 Pig, Porky, 184 Propp, Vladmir, 82, 86 Pilling, Jayne, 86 Proprietary hardware, Pixar, 289 Pinboard animation, 231 Proto-animatronic, 131 Pinkava, Jan, 284, 292 Psychedelic, 232 Pinocchio, 93 Psychology in advertising, 13 Pinschewer, Julius, 4, 36, 56, 65, 74, Publi-Ciné (France), 7 79, 80 Publicity, 7, 61, 62, 66, 67, 82, 91, Pittman, Robert, 240 101, 111, 121, 146, 147, 152 Pixar, 26, 34, 273, 277, 283–295 Public relations animation, 156 Pixar Image Computer, 273, 287 Puppet, 62, 63, 219 Playhouse Pictures, 6 Puppets, colored, 65 Puppetoon, 63 Plympton, Bill, 230, 261 Pyralin, 8 Pop music, 232 Popeye the Sailor, 128. See also Fleischer Bros. Studio Q Popular culture, 29, 44, 74, 128, 140, Quantel Paintbox, 234 182, 230, 240 Quay Brothers, 235 Popular science, 168 Quotidian, 293 Post Office, 75–77, 81 Posters, 8, 21, 29, 31, 111, 112, 114– 118, 120, 122, 128, 164–166, R 169, 172, 232 Race, 132 Postmodernism, 235, 240 Ramblers, The (band), 64 Potterfield, Cary, 291 Ram Mohan Biographics (Mumbai), Powers, John, 13 250 Prague, 56, 67, 167 Ranft, Joe, 284 Prelinger, Rick, 11 Rao, Gitanjali, 249, 256, 261 Price, David A., 286, 296 Rational, 117, 167, 168 SUBJECT INDEX 331

RCA, 64 Royal College of Art, London, 238 Real Time Designs, 271 Ruddell, Caroline, 85 Realism, 293 Russett, Robert, 232 Reception, 29, 30, 57, 58, 74, 77, 82, Ruttmann, Walter, 4 113, 150, 224 Reddy Electric, 20, 136, 138–140 Reddy Kilowatt and His Friends, S (Comic Book series), 128 Saatchi & Saatchi Agency, 199 Reddy Kilowatt Guidebook, 138 Sabiston, Bob, 230 Reddy Kilowatt Youth Clubs, 136 Sanders, Nicola, 187, 188 Reddy News, 127, 131 San Francisco, 90, 185, 189, 234, 285 Reddy Remarks mat series, 132 Sand animation, 231 Reddytoon, 140 Sargeant, Amy, 85 Reeve, Rosser, 4 Scenic Film Company, 5 Reflexivity, 170 Schicht Company, 164 Reiniger, Lotte, 4, 27, 28, 56, 73–86 Schicht˚uv posel/Schicht’s Courier, Remaco, 56 169. See also Schicht Company RenderMan software, 284, 288–290 Schnall, John, 239, 243 Renoir, Jean, 77 Schwitters, Kurt, 82 Rhythm&Hues,250, 288 Scientific demonstrations, 267 Richfield, 97–99. See also Richfield Oil Scott, Dr. Walter Dill, 13 Corporation Scratch/paint on film animation, 231 Richfield Oil Corporation, 97 Second World War/War effort, 6, 21, Richter, Hans, 65, 237, 242 29, 56, 90, 99, 135, 139, 149, Robidoux, Pierre, 272 150, 153 Robinson, Phil, 198 Seibert, Fred, 33, 229–234, 240–242 Robinson, William Heath, 115, 120, Self-funding, 256, 257 123 Self-reflexive, 164 Rock and roll, 230, 237 Selick, Henry, 185, 230, 291 Rock, Chris, 185 Serial advertising, 166 Rodker, Francis, 30, 147, 152–156, Servant, 127, 129, 130, 134, 139 158, 159 Service, Reddy Kilowatt (RKS), 131, Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (FDR), 139 136 Sesame Street, 232 Rosenthal, Peter, 234. See also Shanken, Andrew, 135 Broadcast Arts (later Curious Sharapova, Maria, 187, 188 Pictures) Sharma, Chetan, 255, 261 Roska Healthcare Advertising, 203 Shell Co., 146, 154 Rossini, Gioachino Antonio, 75 Shell Film Unit (SFU), 30, 147, 152 Rotary, 131, 137 Shell-Mex, 118, 146 Rotha, Paul, 148, 157 Shemannikin, 113 Rotoscoping, 197 Sherman, Arlene, 232 332 SUBJECT INDEX

Shimada, Atsushi, 221, 222 Count Chocula, 18 SIGGRAPH, 34, 268–272, 274, 275, Danny Thunderbolt, 134 277, 288 Diesel, Danny, 139, 140 Signage, 17, 21, 128, 235 Elektro and Sparko, 134 Silhouette, 74 Elsie the Cow, 139 Simpson, Ida Mackintosh, 85 Esso Oil, 134 Simulationist, 290, 292, 295 Field, Professor Rich, 97 Simulationist aesthetics, 291 Friskies dog, 4 Sky HD, 299, 304, 305, 307 Gillette Blue Blades, 4 Slapstick, 168, 169, 173 Hamm’s beer Bears, 4 Slave, 132, 133 Jolly Green Giant, 18, 139 Slide, Anthony, 11 Kilowatt, Reddy, 18, 19, 29, 30, Slogans. See Catchphrase 127–134, 136–139, 140, 141 Smith, Albert E., 3 Lambie, 4 Smith, Alvy Ray, 270, 271, 278 Michelin Man (Bibendum), 18 Smith, Marc Kitchen, 238 Mr. Clean, 4 Sobchack, Vivian, 15, 41, 306, 308, Mr. Peanut, 18 311 Norihei character (Miki Norihei), Sofian, Sheila, 235 224 Softimage 3D animation software, 274 Philippa Ray, 62 Solar, Jiˇrí, 167 Quaker Oats Man, 18 Somatic experience, 306 Smart Housewife, 167, 170 Somer, Debroy, 64 Snap, Crackle and Pop, 18 Sonic, 305 Uncle Boby, 165, 167, 171 Sony Digital 4K projectors, 302 Willie Wiredhand, 139. See also Sound and colour systems, 64 Schicht Company Sound recording, 64 Sponsored film, 11 Sound technology, 299 Stack, Walt, 179 South Bell Telephone, 271 Standard Oil, 90 Special effects, 16, 276, 285, 302 Stanton, Andrew, 284, 288–290 Spectacle, 21, 35, 94, 117, 181, Stargate sequence, 304. See also 2001: 191, 217, 267, 289, 292–294, A Space Odyssey (1968) 300–302, 305, 309 Starr, Cecile, 232 Spice, Evelyn, 85, 86 StarTV, 251 Spirig, Nicola, 187, 188, 191 Station identification (ident), 248, 251, Spokescharacter, 4, 17, 127, 165, 167, 254 172 Steinberg, Marc, 214–216, 222, 223, Abel Grasshopper, 134 226, 227 Allegheny Al, 139 Stephenson, Ralph, 84 ‘Bublín’—Bubbleman, 165, 167 Stewart, Jez, 156, 158, 159, 214, 226 Captain Raid, 4 Stop-motion animation, 16, 27, 63, Coca Cola Polar Bears, 20 185, 216 SUBJECT INDEX 333

Studio Eeksaurus, 249, 251, 257, 258, Terkuhle, Abby, 231, 233–235, 242 262 Terry, Paul, 128 Substitution technique, 63 Test Track, 103 Sun Microsystems, 294, 297 Tetley, Walter, 138 Suntory, 222 Tezuka, Osamu, 214 Superman, 138 Th1ng (thing one) Agency London, Suresh, E., 251, 253, 255, 258, 262 199 Sutherland, Ivan, 270 Thales, 128 Sutherland, John, 16, 24, 128, 139 Theatrical/Commercial distribution, Švankmajer, Jan, 181, 235 11, 61, 147, 148, 287 Svozilová, Svêtla, 170 Thompson, J. Walter (JWT), 56, 58, Synaesthesia, 300 134, 148, 201, 255, 288, 290 Thompson, Kirsten Moana, 29, 36, 38, 113, 122, 279 T Three Circles of Influence, 186 TAARNA animation software, 272 3D facial animation, 269 Tactile, 305 Takahashi, Drew, 234, 242. See also 3D printing, 63 Colossal Pictures THX, 7 Takano, K¯ohei, 226 Time, 216 Tatar, Maria, 86 Times Square, 1, 113 Tauber, Richard, 59 Tim the talking clock, 76. See also Taylorism, 168 Spokescharacter Tech Demo, 34, 267–271, 274–277 Tom and Jerry, 182 Technicolor, 20, 43, 64, 128 Toppan Printing, 283, 290 Technofuturism, 285, 290, 292, 294, Top Ramen, 253 295 Trademark, 129, 139 Technology, 2, 15–17, 30, 35, 42, Training films, 154 44, 56, 63–65, 67, 80–82, Transcendence, 179 94–96, 134, 168, 196, 234, 248, Transfilm, 37 267–277, 283, 286–288, 290, Transformation/Metamorphosis, 8, 9, 294, 295, 299–301, 304–309 149, 168, 172 Telephone, Tommy, 16. See also Transformation/Transformation- Spokescharacter narratives, 149, 150, 156 Television, 2, 4–8, 11, 21–22, 24, 26, Transmedial, 29, 30, 166 28, 29, 32–33, 35, 61, 89–92, 94, Transnational, 31, 56, 61, 164 98, 101, 128, 135, 139, 170, 181, Trickfilmstudio Pal & Wittke 185, 186, 196, 206, 213–225, (Eindhove, The Netherlands), 64 230–232, 239, 240, 247–251, Tropicana, 291, 292 253, 256, 268, 271, 274–276, Trulicity, 200 284, 286–288, 291, 299–302, Trumbull, Douglas, 304 304, 306–309 Tsugata, Nobuyuki, 214, 215, 223 Telotte, J.P., 104 TV Spots, 37 334 SUBJECT INDEX

Typ, 165 V Vaibhav Studios, 251–254, 257 Van Dam, Andries, 268 Van de Peer, Stefanie, 36 U Vaughan, Olwen, 77 Udiaver, Akshata, 250, 260 Venture Three Brand Consultancy Umesao, Tadao, 220, 221, 227 (UK), 304, 305 Underground comix, 232 Vertov, Dziga, 4 Unilever, 165. See also Schicht Vester, Paul, 238 Company Viacom, 238, 252, 287 United Illuminating Company, 127. Victoria and Albert Museum, 76 See also Utility industry Vinton, Will, 253 United Kingdom (UK), 7, 35, 57, 67, Virtual camera, 271, 304 68, 113, 238, 299, 301, 304 Visibility, 15 United Productions of America (UPA), , 274, 290 37, 92 Vivi5, 249, 253 of America (USA), 63, Vonderau, Patrick, 10, 39, 226, 268, 68, 196 277 Universe of Energy, 102 Vue, 300–302, 307 University of Utah School of Computing, 274 W Utility industry, 128, 137 Wak¯o department store, 214, 217 Power Co., 127, 142. See Walley, Clive, 238 also Kilowatt, Reddy Wan Brothers, 4 Barbados Light and Power Co., 140. Ward, Paul, 85 See also Kilowatt, Reddy Warner Bros., 184 Duke Power Co., 142 Warren, Dorothea, 141 Gloucester Power Co., 131 Wasson, Haidee, 39, 267, 268, 277 Mississippi Power and Light Co., Watson, John, 13 131 Watt, Harry, 85 New Jersey Utilities Association, 135 Wave motion, 305 New York Power and Light Co., 128 Wax animation, 231 Novia Scotia Power Co., 137 Weeks, Clair, 250 Pennsylvania Electric Association, Weinzapfel, Guy, 269, 278 136 Westinghouse, 134, 135 South Carolina Power Co., 142 Wexman Wright, Virginia, 84 Tennessee Electric Power Co., 128, Whistler, Rex, 78, 80, 85 142 White Rabbit, 93 West Penn Power, 137 Wide Eye Media (Ireland), 300–302, Wisconsin Power Co., 144. See also 304, 306 Kilowatt, Reddy Wieden and Kennedy Agency, 181 SUBJECT INDEX 335

Williams, Esther, 182 Xerography, 231, 233 Williams, Raymond, 248, 260 Williams, Richard, 5 Worker, 129. See also Labour Y World of Motion, 102 Yanagihara, Ry¯ohei, 222, 223 World’s Fairs, 11, 95, 99, 101, 102, Yo! MTV Raps, 236 128, 131, 267 Wrake, Run, 238 Wright, Basil, 77, 85 Z Zac-David/Tempo, 38 Zennihon Shiiemu H¯os¯o Renmei/All X Japan Radio & Television Xcel Energy, 140. See also Utility Commercial Council (ACC), 219 industry Zipes, Jack, 82, 86