SEA Draft Environment Report

Luton Local Transport Plan 4

Strategic Environmental Assessment: Draft Environmental Report

July 2020

Prepared on behalf of Luton Borough Council by: Small Fish www.smallfish.org.uk

Non-Technical Summary

In July 2004, an assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment, known as Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), became a requirement under European Directive 2001/42/EC. In accordance with the Directive and Government guidance, SEA will be undertaken on Luton’s fourth Local Transport Plan (LTP4), covering the period 2020 to 2040. By carrying out an SEA on LTP4, Luton Borough Council aims to:

 identify alternative options for delivering sustainable transport improvements in Luton  identify and describe the environmental, social and economic effects of alternative options  further enhance beneficial environmental effects of the plan  reduce and minimise the adverse environmental effects that may result from the implementation of the LTP4

This is the Draft Environmental Report for the SEA on the Luton LTP4, which is the subject of consultation in autumn 2020. This report relates to the draft Luton Local Transport Plan 4 which presents policies for a long-term strategy covering the period 2020 to 2040. This SEA will be used in order to inform the further development of the Luton LTP4 by outlining the potential environmental effects of the policies.

During the SEA Scoping stage in summer 2018, SEA objectives were developed in light of a review of other relevant plans and programmes at the international, national, regional and local level. Environmental indicators were then developed for each SEA objective that can be used to measure the effects that the Luton LTP4 may have on the environment. These indicators relate to different aspects of the environment including air pollution, climate change, landscape and townscape, wildlife and habitats, water and soil quality. Indicators were also included to measure the social effects on the population such as human health, deprivation and flood risk, as well as the material assets of Luton that relate to transport. Data for these indicators were collected in order to establish the current state of the environment, known as the environmental baseline.

Numerous policy options for the Luton LTP4 long-term strategy and delivery were put forward for consideration and environmental assessment. All of these policies offer ways of addressing current and future transport issues in Luton and are categorised by:

 Strategic Priorities  Supporting a healthy environment  Safer and Inclusive Communities

The draft Luton LTP4 policies were evaluated in light of their potential effects on the SEA objectives. For all policies, matrices were used to predict and evaluate how the strategic options would affect the SEA objectives and the indicators that comprise the environmental baseline.

The majority of the policies and measures showed either no significant effect or beneficial effects. This is most likely due to the focus of the plan on promoting sustainable transport solutions, such as walking, cycling and public transport improvements. However, a few adverse effects were also identified. These are predominantly related to Policy 10, which allows for large-scale transport infrastructure improvements to facilitate growth.

Detailed mitigation recommendations have been drafted for consideration during subsequent stages of the LTP and SEA development process. A draft monitoring regime and reporting schedule has also been proposed. This will be used to monitor the effects that the Luton LTP4 may have on the environment during its implementation period.

The draft Luton LTP4 will be further developed following on from this consultation. Once the LTP4 is finalised, this SEA will undergo further detailed appraisal, which will form a significant part of the final Environmental Report, which will be submitted to the Department for Transport in 2021 alongside the final Luton LTP4.

Overall, the SEA has been and will continue to be influential in informing the development of Luton’s LTP4 by identifying the potential environmental effects of the strategy. This will allow for environmental considerations to be fully integrated into the strategy as it is developed and will contribute to the further development of the Luton LTP4 during the next stages of the LTP process. Table of Contents

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 1 1.2 LOCAL TRANSPORT PLAN ...... 1 1.3 LINKING THE LTP AND THE SEA ...... 2 1.4 SEA SCOPING CONSULTATION ...... 4

2 THE SEA CONTEXT ...... 5 2.1 SEA OBJECTIVES ...... 5 2.2 LTP CHALLENGES ...... 6 2.3 COMPATIBILITY ...... 7

3 THE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ...... 8

3.1 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SUMMARY ...... 9 3.1.1 Climatic Factors ...... 12 3.1.2 Air ...... 14 3.1.3 Population ...... 15 3.1.4 Biodiversity, flora, fauna, and soil ...... 16 3.1.5 Landscape ...... 17 3.1.6 Water and Flood Risk ...... 18 3.1.7 Cultural Heritage ...... 19 3.1.8 Human Health ...... 20 3.1.9 Material Assets ...... 21 3.2 EVOLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ...... 21 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS AND ISSUES ...... 24

4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 27 4.1 SECONDARY, TERTIARY, CUMULATIVE AND SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ...... 29 4.2 OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS: DRAFT LTP4 STRATEGY ...... 29 4.2.1 Climatic Factors (SEA1) ...... 30 4.2.2 Air Pollution (SEA2) ...... 30 4.2.3 Population: Noise, Vibration and Visual Intrusion (SEA3) ...... 31 4.2.4 Population: Accessibility and Social Inclusion (SEA4) ...... 31 4.2.5 Biodiversity, Geodiversity, Flora and Fauna (SEA5) ...... 32 4.2.6 Landscape (SEA6) ...... 32 4.2.7 Water and Soil (SEA7) ...... 32 4.2.8 Cultural Heritage (SEA8) ...... 33 4.2.9 Human Health (SEA9) ...... 33 4.2.10 Material Assets (SEA10) ...... 33

5 MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 35

6 MONITORING AND REPORTING ...... 37

7 CONCLUSION ...... 40

APPENDIX A: RELEVANT PLANS, PROGRAMMES AND OBJECTIVES ...... 42 International ...... 42 European ...... 43 National ...... 44 Local ...... 48

APPENDIX B: BASELINE MAPS ...... 51

APPENDIX C: SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA ...... 63

APPENDIX D: DRAFT LTP4 POLICY ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS ...... 67

APPENDIX E: LTP4 OPTIONS ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS ...... 96

ENDNOTES – DATA SOURCES ...... 135 Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Strategic Environmental Assessment In July 2004 an assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment, known as the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), became a statutory requirement in accordance with European Directive 2001/42/EC. The Directive applies to "plans and programmes, and modifications to them, whose formal preparation begins after 21 July 2004" (ODPM, 2003). It also applies to "plans and programmes whose formal preparations began before that date, if they have not been adopted by 21 July 2006" (ODPM, 2003).

The objective of the SEA Directive is to provide for a high level of protection of the environment and to contribute to the integration of environmental considerations into the preparation and adoption of plans with a view to promoting sustainable development. The SEA also works to inform the decision-making process through the identification and assessment of the cumulative significant effects a plan or programme will have on the environment at the strategic level. The SEA results in an Environmental Report, which accompanies the final plan.

Draft guidance on carrying out SEA is given in:

 the Department for Transport's (DfT) Strategic Environmental Assessment Guidance for Transport Plans and Programmes (2009);  the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister's (now the Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) The Strategic Environmental Assessment Directive: Guidance for Planning Authorities (2004); and  Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes Regulations 2004.

This Draft Environmental Report focuses primarily on complying with the SEA Regulations and following the DfT guidance but has also taken the MHCLG guidance into consideration.

1.2 Local Transport Plan The Transport Act 2000 places a duty on local transport authorities to produce a document, known as the Local Transport Plan (LTP), which contains policies for the promotion and encouragement of safe, integrated, efficient and economic transport facilities and services to, from and within their area.

This is the fourth Local Transport Plan (LTP4) that mainly covers Luton, although it does refer to strategic transport infrastructure and other cross-boundary matters for the whole conurbation, particularly in relation to the planned growth of the area. The draft LTP4 has been prepared in accordance with Government guidance published in July 2009.

A SEA is required on LTPs in accordance with the timescales of the SEA Directive and DfT guidance, and therefore a formal SEA is being undertaken on Luton’s LTP4. The SEA is expected to assist Luton Borough Council in assessing the significant cumulative environmental effects of

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) different LTP strategy options during its development. The SEA will yield a robust and holistic assessment of the LTP strategy options and provide clarity on which options should be taken forward as part of the strategy and will help identify the most sustainable strategy options.

1.3 Linking the LTP and the SEA In applying the SEA Directive to Luton’s LTP4, Luton Borough Council aims to:

 identify alternative strategic options for the LTP  evaluate the cumulative significant environmental effects of the strategy options  provide decision makers with a holistic understanding of the environmental implications of the LTP strategy options  mitigate environmental impacts arising from the implementation of the LTP as much as possible  reduce or minimise the environmental impacts of transport

The Luton LTP4 SEA has been carried out by Small Fish strategy consultants, in partnership with transport officers at Luton Borough Council. Figure 1 below sets out the key stages carried out for both the LTP and the SEA.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Figure 1: LTP and SEA Process Stages and Links

Source: Department for Transport, TAG Unit 2.11: Strategic Environmental Assessment for Transport Plans and Programmes, April 2009

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

1.4 SEA Scoping Consultation In accordance with the SEA Directive, Luton Borough Council carried out a scoping consultation on the Luton LTP4 SEA with statutory environmental bodies in summer 2018. This consultation consisted of a letter explaining the consultation. The letter was also accompanied by the Luton LTP4 SEA Scoping Report, which gave a brief overview of the information to be used in the assessment and how the assessment process would be carried out. The report included the following information:

 Statutory context  Influences of other plans and programmes  Environmental baseline information  Issues for sustainable development  Appraisal Framework

Responses were received from both English Heritage and the Environment Agency. They included several recommendations for the improvement of the SEA objectives, as well as specific data and indicators within the environmental baseline. Several additional plans and programmes were also recommended for inclusion and these have been incorporated.

Overall, the scoping consultation was found to be useful, both for receiving feedback from the relevant environmental bodies and also for informing them as to the LTP4 SEA activities. Consultation comments have been and will be addressed as much as possible through subsequent stages of both the SEA and the development of the Luton LTP4.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

2 THE SEA CONTEXT

2.1 SEA Policy Context The SEA Directive requires that the Environmental Report should provide information on the LTP’s relationship with other relevant plans and programmes. This is referred to in Annex 1 (a), (e) of the Directive.

Annex 1 (a), (e): The plan’s ‘relationship with other relevant plans and programmes’ and ‘the environmental protection objectives, established at international, [European], Community or national level, which are relevant to the plan... and the way those objectives and any environmental considerations have been taken into account during its preparation.’

The purpose of this task is to provide information on the relationship with other relevant plans and programmes and the environmental protection objectives established at an international, national, regional and local level which are relevant to the LTP. The LTP will be influenced by other plans produced by the Borough Council and its neighbours, by statutory agencies and other bodies with plan-making responsibilities.

A review of relevant policy documents is an essential component of understanding the policy context in which plans exist and it also helps to establish the environmental context. The relationships between the LTP and other plans and programmes allow an appraisal of the social, environmental or economic objectives that should be reflected in the SEA process and the factors, such as environmental issues, that influence the preparation of the LTP4.

A list of policies, plans, programmes and environmental objectives relevant to the LTP were compiled. This analysis will allow those developing Luton’s LTP4 to take on board how the LTP can contribute to delivering the wider international, national, and local environmental policy objectives. The plans and programmes relevant to the LTP, their environmental objectives, and a description of how they can be taken on board through the LTP can be found in Appendix A.

2.2 SEA Objectives The SEA Directive does not specifically require the use of objectives or indicators, but they are a recognised way in which environmental effects can be described, analysed and compared. The SEA objectives describe a statement of intention and the desired direction of environmental change, whilst indicators will be used to measure the LTP’s performance against the objectives and also to predict its environmental effects.

To fulfil the requirements of the SEA Directive, objectives should cover biodiversity, population, human health, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, cultural heritage, landscape, and interrelationships between them.13

Figure 2 lists draft SEA objectives for Luton’s LTP4 SEA. The objectives bring together and consolidate:

 the environmental topics listed in the SEA Directive  the Council’s Vision 2040  Luton Local Plan objectives  objectives from other relevant plans and programmes  local environmental problems identified as part of the baseline analysis

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Figure 2: SEA objectives for the LTP SEA Topic SEA Objective Climatic factors SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport Air SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Quality Strategy Population SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social exclusion Biodiversity, SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise impacts on Luton’s flora and fauna biodiversity and geodiversity, and achieve nett gain where possible Landscape SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and distinctiveness of the landscape Water, Soil1 SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Cultural SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the townscape, heritage Heritage assets and their settings Human Health SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of local communities in Luton Material Assets SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

2.3 LTP Vision and Aims Long-term transport aims were developed for inclusion in the Luton LTP4. These aims are used as a statement of intention which, if met, will help the Council achieve its overall vision for transport and will also help to deliver the Government and local agendas for transport improvements.

Based on the wider policy vision for the Luton area, the vision for the long-term transport strategy is summarised below.

Transport Vision for 2040 To make Luton carbon neutral and improve the quality of life and wellbeing whilst realising sustainable growth opportunities., We will connect residents and the business community with opportunities to live, work, learn and have fun by providing an integrated, safe, accessible and more sustainable transport system to enable active travel and reduce unnecessary car use, thereby improving air quality, reducing carbon emissions, enhancing the environment and improving health and quality of life for all.

To achieve this vision, we will work in partnership with other Government Agencies (e.g. Network Rail and Highways England), neighbouring Councils, the private sector, community/voluntary groups and social enterprises to develop a transport system in Luton that will work to achieve the following aims:

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

 Enable people to choose more sustainable travel habits by implementing transport schemes and travel planning initiatives to maximise the role of greener public transport, walking and cycling, thus reducing vehicular emissions and increasing physical activity;  Generate continued employment and prosperity by improving access to high quality jobs and skills/training opportunities for local residents (respectively increasing local spend and apprenticeships), and funding (both through Government and developers) improvements to existing and provision of new transport infrastructure and other measures that support local businesses, climate change objectives and the diversification of the local economy;  Promote equitable opportunities and access to services for all members of the community by improving choices of modes of transport and the design of transport facilities for Non- Motorised Users (NMUs) together with mobility-impaired and other vulnerable people;  Create and preserve an attractive environment and pleasant living conditions by promoting a quality built environment by maintaining and enhancing pedestrianised areas in the town and local centres and 20mph speed limits in residential areas and around schools, together with improving the condition of green space within the transport corridors in and around the conurbation and conserving/ enhancing the surrounding Chilterns AONB to encourage greater access by walking and cycling;  As the main international Gateway within England’s Economic Heartland, work with them to support the wider regional economy by improving sustainable transport connectivity for residents and businesses to international markets and opportunities; and  Lay the foundations for future expansion to serve Luton’s growth by ensuring accessibility (by more sustainable transport modes) between the new residential developments, existing and proposed employment areas including the Luton Airport Enterprise Zone, the town centre, and hubs at existing and new community facilities.

2.4 Compatibility In order to assess whether the SEA objectives will complement or contradict the LTP challenges, a compatibility exercise was undertaken. Results of this exercise can be seen in the matrix shown in Figure 3. Overall, SEA and LTP objectives/challenges were generally compatible with one another and no contradictory effects were identified.

Figure 3: Compatibility Matrix SEA1 SEA2 SEA3 SEA4 SEA5 SEA6 SEA7 SEA8 SEA9 SEA10 LTP1 + + + 0 + + + + + 0 LTP2 + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 LTP3 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 LTP4 + + + 0 + + 0 + + + LTP5 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 + + LTP6 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 Key: + = complementary 0 = neutral - = contradictory

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

3 THE ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE

The SEA Directive requires a significant level of understanding of the baseline environment, in order to help both inform the appraisal of the individual LTPs and future stages of the SEA. This is referred to in Annex 1 (b) and 1(c) of the Directive.

Annex 1 (b), (c): Relevant aspects of the current state of the environment and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the plan or programme’ and ‘the environmental characteristics of the areas likely to be significantly affected.’’

Establishing the environmental baseline provides the basis for the following:

 understanding existing environmental problems in the study area  feeding back into the SEA objectives to reduce these problems, and  establishing the effects of the LTP4 on the baseline data.

The establishment of an environmental baseline was considered a necessary tool to provide a basis for forecasting and monitoring the effects the LTP may have on the environment. It also helps to identify existing and potential future environmental problems and issues. In order to establish environmental baseline conditions for Luton, existing environmental and sustainability data were collected from a wide range of sources including:

 Natural England  Historic England  Environment Agency  DEFRA  CPRE  MHCLG  DfT  Census 2011  Luton Local Transport Plan 4: Evidence Base (July 2020 draft)

Taken together, the indicators extracted from the above data and documents were used to describe the current state of the environment and the likely evolution of the environment without implementation of the LTP as required by the SEA Directive. More data on areas likely to be significantly affected by the LTP may be required as the LTP evolves throughout the implementation period.

Section 3.1 summarises the relationship between the SEA topics, objectives, indicators, baseline, as well as the trends. This information was used to describe the baseline scenario against which the environmental effects of each of the LTP4 policies will be assessed. The current state of the environment is described in detail in the following sub-sections.

3.1 Environmental Baseline Summary SEA Topic SEA Objective Indicator Luton Baseline

2 CO2 emissions from road transport: SEA1: To reduce

c  Total tonnes  216,880 greenhouse gas

Climati Factors  % of total CO2 emissions  32% emissions from transport  Tonnes per capita  1.0 SEA2: To improve air Number of AQMAs declared from traffic sources of air pollution 3

quality in line with the

Air National Air Quality Strategy

SEA3: To minimise noise, Tranquillity:3 vibration and visual  Mean Tranquillity Score  -70.8 intrusion from transport  Rank  85 out of 87 SEA4: To improve Index of Multiple Deprivation:4 % of super output areas in worst 10% nationally 3.3% (4 out of 121)

Population accessibility and reduce Barriers to Housing and Services Deprivation:5 Number of super output areas in 0% (0 out of 121) social exclusion the worst 10% nationally

Special Protection Areas6 0 7 SEA5: To implement Ramsar sites 0 8 transport solutions that Special Areas of Conservation 0 minimise impacts on Sites of Special Scientific Interest:9 Luton’s biodiversity and  Number  0

and soil geodiversity  Area (ha)  0  % in favourable or recovering condition  NA National Nature Reserves10 0

Biodiversity, flora, fauna flora, fauna Biodiversity, County Wildlife Sites11 19 Local Nature Reserves12 0 13 SEA6: To protect and Area of ancient woodland cover (ha) and % ancient semi-natural woodland 26.37 ha (100%)

enhance the quality and 14 pe Greenbelt:

Landsca distinctiveness of the  Total Area (ha)  140 and landscape  % of land area  3.2%

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

SEA Topic SEA Objective Indicator Luton Baseline River Catchment Data:15

SEA7: To protect and  Overall Water Body  Bad enhance water quality in  Chemical  Good

Water Luton  Biological Quality Elements  Bad  Ecological  Bad Registered historic parks and gardens:16  Total Number  3

 % at Risk  0% Listed buildings:17 SEA8: To maintain and  Total Number  82 enhance the character of  % at Risk  0% the townscape, heritage Scheduled Monuments:18 assets and their settings  Total Number  3

Cultural Heritage  % at Risk  0% Conservation Areas:19  Total Number  5  % at Risk  40% Living Environment Deprivation: 20 5.0% % of super output areas in Luton in the worst 10% nationally (6 out of 121) Crime and disorder deprivation:21 5.0%

% of super output areas in Luton in the worst 10% nationally (6 out of 121) SEA9: To contribute to Health deprivation:22 Number of super output areas in Luton in the worst 20% 5.0% improved health and nationally (6 out of 121) amenity of local Number of people killed or seriously injured in road traffic accidents23 80 communities in Luton

Human Human Health Obesity: 24  Adult (including overweight)  67%  Child Year R  11.7%  Child Year 6  25.9%

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

SEA Topic SEA Objective Indicator Luton Baseline Active Transport Modes to work:25  Walking  13.5%  Cycling  1.3% WCBI 02 - % of public satisfied with the condition of pavements26 53%

WCBI 10 - % of public satisfied with the condition of cycle routes 54%

HMBI 01 - % of public satisfied with the condition of road surfaces 45% SEA10: To maintain the HMBI 05 - % of public satisfied with the provision of street lighting 63% physical transport HMBI 09 - % of public satisfied with the Maintenance of highway 51% infrastructure of Luton to verges/trees/shrub highest standard possible Material Material Assets HMBI 11 - % of public satisfied with the provision of Drains 53% HMBI 12 - % of public satisfied with the keeping drains clear and working 50% HMBI 13 - % of public satisfied with the deals with Potholes and damaged roads 41%

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

3.1.1 Climatic Factors CO2 is the major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the UK and arises predominately from the combustion of fossil fuels. Each year in September, the Government provides estimates of CO2 emissions for local authority areas. This dataset provides nationally consistent CO2 emission estimates at local authority and regional levels for the years 2005 and 2018 inclusive and represents the primary emissions from the consumption of fuel or other process activities that emit CO2. This is the data that has been used for this analysis.

Figure 4 below outlines the total emissions in Luton for each sector and also the proportional contribution each sector makes to the total.

Figure 4: CO2 Road Transport Emissions Profile, 2018 Sector Kilotonnes % of Transport Emissions % of Total Emissions A Roads 49.2 23% 7% Motorways 37.9 17% 6% Minor Roads 101.7 47% 15% Diesel Railways 5.8 3% 1% Other Transport 22.2 10% 3% Transport Total 216.9 100% 32% Data Source: Defra, Emissions of CO2 for local authority areas, 2018

As can be seen from the table above, transport emissions account for 32% of Luton’s total emissions, with minor roads accounting for 15% of total emissions, and A-roads 7%, both of which should be considered significant source contributions. The M1 provides a smaller contribution at 6%, with other transport and diesel railways contributing a fairly insignificant proportion of Luton’s total CO2 emissions.

As shown in Figure 5 below, Luton’s total transport CO2 emissions have fallen by 10% since 2005, despite a 15.8% increase in population. Total emissions over the same period fell by 32%. Despite remaining the highest transport emissions sub-sector, emissions from minor roads have fallen significantly since 2005, as have emissions from A-roads (Figure 6). Conversely, emissions from motorways have been increasing since 2009, and emissions from other transport sources are also on the rise, albeit slowly. Diesel railway emissions have remained relatively flat and consistent throughout.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Figure 5: Luton’s Total CO2 Transport Emissions 2005 – 2018

Figure 6: Luton’s CO2 Transport Emissions 2005 – 2018, by Sub-Category

One of the best ways of comparing CO2 emissions across sectors and between local authorities is by considering per capita emissions by sector. Figure 7 outlines the comparison between Luton, the East of England and the UK as a whole.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Figure 7: Comparison of per capita transport emissions (Kilotonnes per person) Area Road Transport % of Total Per Capita Emissions Luton 1.00 32% EoE 2.30 44% National 1.91 37% Data Source: DECC, Emissions of CO2 for local authority areas, 2015

Overall, DECC’s emissions of CO2 for local authority areas for 2018 show Luton as having comparatively low per capita transport CO2 emissions, as they are 56% lower than regional levels and 48% lower than national levels.

3.1.2 Air Air pollution can have a serious effect on people’s health. Exposure to air pollution can have a long-term effect on health, associated in particular with premature mortality due to cardiopulmonary (heart and lung) effects. In the short-term, high pollution episodes can trigger increased admissions to hospital and contribute to the premature death of those people that are more vulnerable to daily changes in levels of air pollutants. Air pollution also has negative impacts on the environment, both in terms of direct effects of pollutants on vegetation, and indirectly through effects on the acid and nutrient status of soils and waters.1

Deaths attributed to air pollution have been falling both nationally and locally with Luton still being higher than the national figure. The proportion of estimated deaths attributed to air pollution in 2016 in England was 5.3%, compared to 6% in Luton2.

Luton Borough Council currently has three Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) declared, which are detailed in Figure 8 below, with maps showing the extent of each area in Map 1, Appendix B.

Figure 8: Current Air Quality Management Areas in Luton AQMA Pollutants and Declaration Description Air Quality Date Objectives AQMA NO2 annual November 24 Residential properties on either side of the M1 No. 1 mean 2003 Motorway, near Junction 11 AQMA NO2 annual March 2005 431 Residential properties on either side of the No. 2 mean M1 Motorway, near Junction 11 AQMA NO2 annual May 2016 An area from Dunstable Road (by Kenilworth No. 3 mean Road) through to Stuart Street & to Chapel Viaduct (by Latimer Road), also includes Telford Way, Castle Street (to Holly Street) and properties on other adjoining roads that are in close proximity.

Source apportionment exercises undertaken for AQMAs No. 1 and No. 2 indicate that the exceedance in NO2 emissions is attributable to traffic and transport. AQMA Nos. 1 and 2 are

1 Defra, Air Quality Strategy, 2007 2 Luton Borough Council. 14

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) both alongside the M1 (as shown in Appendix B), a road over which the Borough Council has no direct control, as motorways are within the Highways Agency remit.

Source apportionment exercises are still ongoing for AQMA No. 3, so the exact cause of the exceedance remains unknown, but traffic is likely to play a significant role due to its location in Luton’s town centre.

Defra’s Local Air Quality Management website3 provides adjustment factor for projecting future NO2 concentrations at roadside locations for each year up to 2030 for different parts of the UK, and these adjustment factors have been used to forecast future emissions levels at the roadside diffusion tube measurement locations within Luton’s AQMAs. The adjustment factor used to project possible NO2 concentrations in Luton’s AQMAs is that provided for the “rest of the UK with HDV flows less than 10%” and these results are outlined in Figure 9 below and are shown spatially in Maps 2 and 3, Appendix B.

Figure 9: Projected NO2 Concentrations in AQMAs

NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m3) (3)

Site 2030 ID 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (Projected)

LN15 28.29 28.11 33 32.33 30.46 31.3 29.8 26 15.07 LN16 34.82 31.35 36 37.46 35.39 36.0 35.3 30 17.39 LN17 39.12 32.64 39 41.22 35.83 39.2 35.9 34 19.71 LN18 26.67 22.78 31 29.59 25.50 28.5 24.4 24 13.91 LN52 NDA 46.00 54 51.57 45.69 49.4 43.0 40 23.19 LN60 NDA NDA NDA NDA 43.00 47.0 39.0 37 21.45 LN61 NDA NDA NDA NDA 42.54 45.4 43.0 38 22.03 LN62 NDA NDA NDA NDA 42.51 45.7 41.0 40 23.19 LN63 NDA NDA NDA NDA 41.13 45.8 41.7 42 24.35 LN64 NDA NDA NDA NDA 32.32 34.1 30.8 28 16.23

3.1.3 Population Population includes issues such as noise, tranquillity, accessibility and social exclusion under the SEA Directive. No transport noise data is available for Luton, but the Campaign for Rural England (CPRE) tranquillity map (Map 4, Appendix B) shows that the least tranquil locations in Bedfordshire coincide with the County’s urban areas and major roads, and it is obvious from the map that the entirety of the Luton area is considered to be least tranquil. More specifically, Luton is rated as the 3rd least tranquil local authority in the country (ranked 85 of 87) and is therefore in the bottom quartile nationally.

It is clear that the least tranquil areas on the maps follow the strategic road network rather closely, which indicates that transport sources contribute significantly to localised noise problems and associated reductions in tranquillity. The main issues associated with noise from transport are included in the environmental assessment and scheme appraisal process for each individual intervention and these noise impacts are generally very localised. Transport relevant

3 https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/tools-monitoring-data/roadside-no2-projection-factor.html 15

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) threats to tranquillity include new roads, more aeroplane take-offs and landings and more light pollution, namely from outdoor street lighting.

CPRE has produced interactive maps of dark skies and light pollution as part of its Night Blight campaign and the map for Luton can be seen in Map 5, Appendix B. It shows that Luton suffers from a large amount of light pollution and therefore does not enjoy any dark skies.

The Index of Multiple Deprivation is often used to highlight those areas most likely to suffer from social exclusion. The Index of Multiple Deprivation uses a number of indicators of deprivation to derive an overall aggregate measure of deprivation. It can be seen in Map 6, Appendix B that four (3.3%) of Luton’s 121 Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) in the 10% most deprived in the country (those areas coloured the darker red/purple). Luton ranks 41st out of all upper tier local authorities (1 in the most deprived) for the proportion of LSOAs in the most deprived 10%. The most deprived LSOA in Luton is in the top 4% of most deprived LSOAs in the country. Although Luton overall is slightly less deprived than the national average, there are a number of pockets of deprivation, predominantly in and around the town centre and south- west of the Borough.

One of the indicators of deprivation used is barriers to housing and services. Geographical barriers to services are defined as the ease of access to a range of basic services such as a primary school and a high level of deprivation is typically because of the poor availability of key services and the difficulty of accessing them without a car. Luton ranks 21st out of all local authorities (1 being the most deprived) for the proportion of LSOAs in the most deprived 10% for this measure. This is most likely related to the housing aspect. None of Luton’s 121 LSOAs is in the 10% most deprived nationally, and only six are in the 20% most deprived and these are shown in Map 7, Appendix B.

3.1.4 Biodiversity, flora, fauna, and soil As an urban area, Luton is home to very few biodiversity designations. For example, the Borough has no sites of international importance to biodiversity, such as Special Areas of Conservation, Special Protection areas, nor any Ramsar sites. Luton, as an entirely urban area, is not home to biodiversity designations of national importance either, such as National Nature Reserves (NNR) or of Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), although Cowslip Meadow CWS near the A6 is currently awaiting assessment for designation. However, a few of such sites reside near the Luton periphery (Map 8, Appendix B), including:

 Galley and Warden Hills SSSI and LNR  Sundon Chalk Quarry SSSI  Blow’s Down SSSI  Houghton Regis Marl Lakes SSSI  Cottage Bottom Fields LNR  Totternhoe Knolls LNR

Despite its lack of designated international and national sites of nature conservation importance, there are 19 County Wildlife Sites (CWS) in Luton, all of which provide wildlife havens and protect and conserve biodiversity. The main sites are:

 Bradger’s Hill  Cowslip Meadow

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

 Fallowfield  Bluebell Wood  Hay Wood  Dallow Downs  Leagrave Common, including Waulud’s Bank

In addition to the above, Galley and Warden Hills is Luton’s principal site and is owned by Luton Borough Council, even though it lies outside the Borough boundary. It is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and on 3 March 1993 became Luton’s first nature reserve. It is a nationally important site because of its wide range of chalk grassland communities of wildflowers and butterflies.

It is important that these sites are protected through mitigation measures from development and that new development provides the green infrastructure that will add to the wildlife havens. Additionally, there are other local priority habitats and species that are identified and detailed in the Bedfordshire and Luton Biodiversity Action Plan 2001. A review of this Plan has begun, in which Luton and Central Bedfordshire are both involved.4

3.1.5 Landscape The periphery of the Luton urban landscape is characterised by the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), as shown in Map 9, Appendix B. This is a significant asset for the area providing an attractive backdrop to the towns and villages as well as providing opportunities for sustainable leisure and tourism. AONB designations recognise high-quality countryside which is on par with National Parks. The main aim of an AONB is to conserve and enhance the natural beauty of an area. Although outside the Luton Borough boundary, the Chilterns AONB forms a prominent chalk scarp located to the north of Luton and south-west of Dunstable.

The Luton landscape falls into the Chilterns landscape character area. The Chilterns rise to just over 900 feet and stretch from the Thames in Oxfordshire across Buckinghamshire and Hertfordshire to Bedfordshire. The hills are formed by an outcrop of Chalk, overlain by clay with flints, and comprise a steep scarp slope south and east of Aylesbury and a gradual dip slope falling towards the Thames Valley. The plateau is cut by a series of through valleys that divide it into roughly rectangular blocks, to create a varied mix of landscapes. Approximately half of the land within the Character Area falls within the Chilterns AONB (52%) and 85.1% of the Character Area is open countryside of which 69.3% is cultivated and 14.9% is urban. The landscape contains a considerable amount of woodland - covering 14% of the Character Area.5

Due to Luton’s urban character only 3.2% (140 ha) of the Borough is classified as Greenbelt land and there has been no reported loss of greenbelt land in recent years. 21% of Luton’s land area has been developed for transport and utility use, while only 4% is forest, open land and water. 6

Ancient woodland is woodland that has existed continuously since 1600 and provides a rich habitat for wildlife, as well as landscape visual amenity. Luton is home to six small parcels of

4 Luton and South Bedfordshire Local Development Framework: Core Strategy Preferred Options, April 2009. 5 Countryside Quality Counts, www.countryside-quality-counts.org.uk 6 MHCLG, Land Use in England, 2017 17

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Ancient Woodland, as shown in Map 10, Appendix B, which total 26.37 hectares, all of which is ancient and semi-natural.

3.1.6 Water and Flood Risk The Environment Agency assesses river catchments under a number of criteria. The overall assessment of the water catchment in Luton (Lea Upper Catchment) for 2016 (the most recent data year available) is moderate – with good chemical quality, moderate ecological quality, but bad biological quality elements. The full assessment can be seen in Figure 10 below.

Figure 10: River Lea (Lee) Catchment Assessment7 Classification Level Classification Item Status Element Invertebrates Poor Overall Waterbody Overall Water Body Bad Element Temperature High Element Fish Bad Element pH High Element Ammonia (Phys-Chem) Good Component Biological quality elements Bad Ecological, chemical or quantitative status Ecological Bad Ecological, chemical or quantitative status Chemical Good

The overall picture of water quality in Luton is “bad”, with only the chemical classification and ammonia classification being considered good.

The River Lea also brings about some flood risk, particularly immediately around the river itself. Map 11, Appendix B shows the extent of Flood Risk Zones 2 and 3 in Luton, which covers around 1% of the total land area in the Borough. The Environment Agency estimates that there are 286 properties in Luton within Flood Zone 3 and 1,243 within Flood Zone 2.8 Furthermore, 1% of the Borough’s land lies within flood risk zone 3. Within this area, approximately 9% is developed and houses transport and utilities infrastructure.9

Surface water flood risk, as shown in Map 12, Appendix B, is much more pronounced and widespread covering 6% of the Borough, with an estimated 9,360 properties at risk of flooding from the 1% (1 in 100) medium risk surface water flooding.10

Luton is physically on the northern boundary of the London basin and its valley is part of the drainage system of the River Thames. Although the River Lea runs through the town centre and is partially culverted, the greatest risk in terms of flooding is more likely to stem from localised blockages and overwhelming of the drainage network during heavy-intensity rainfalls.

Due to the local geology, the area has extensive aquifers, many being used for potable and/or industrial water supply. Additionally, most of the watercourses in the area are spring-fed, indicating groundwater levels are at or very close to the ground surface in some locations

7 Environment Agency, Catchment Data Explorer, http://environment.data.gov.uk/catchment- planning/WaterBody/GB105033053470 8 Luton Borough Council, Local Flood Risk Management Strategy, July 2015. 9 MHCLG, Land Use in England, 2017 10 Luton Borough Council, Local Flood Risk Management Strategy, July 2015. 18

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) throughout the area. The spatial distribution of groundwater resources and groundwater source protection zones are shown in Map 13, Appendix B.

Increasing the pressure on existing sewer systems effectively reduces their design standard, leading to more frequent flooding. Historically, areas of Luton have experienced flooding due to surcharged sewers. This is thought to be associated with rapid expansion to the north of the town in the 1950s and 1960s, without an upgrade of the sewer system in the centre of the town. Surface water sewers discharge into the River Lee and as the river level rises in storm conditions the sewers can no longer discharge, the sewers back up and flooding occurs at low points on the sewer system.

3.1.7 Cultural Heritage The town has grown up on the road and rail routes from London where they pass through the Chiltern Hills. The earliest settlement was in the north of the Borough, and remains can be seen at the two Scheduled Ancient Monuments: Wauluds Bank (Neolithic) and Drays Ditches (Iron Age). The early town developed around the parish church in Saxon times. Figure 11 summarises the number and area of cultural heritage designations in Luton and the spatial distribution of these historic assets can be seen in Map 14, Appendix B.

Figure 11: Cultural Heritage Designations Type Number % At Risk Listed Buildings 82 0% Scheduled Monuments 3 0% Historic Parks and Gardens 3 0% Conservation Areas 5 40% Source: Historic England, Heritage at Risk

A listed building is one that is 'of special architectural or historic interest' and has been included on a list kept by the Secretary of State for the Environment. The list identifies our heritage and puts a mark against those buildings that are thought to be special. Within Luton, there are 82 buildings of 'special interest' that have been listed and none of these has been classified as “at risk”.

Archaeological remains are a crucial link with our past and those of national importance are often designated as Scheduled Monuments. All of these are fragile: once lost, they can never be replaced. 'Scheduling' is shorthand for the process through which nationally important sites and monuments are given legal protection by being placed on a list or 'schedule' to protect these sites from the modern pressures of road building, urban development or agricultural techniques. A schedule has been kept since 1882 of monuments whose preservation is given priority over other land uses.

In Luton, there are currently three Scheduled Monuments, none of which are classified as “at risk”. The Scheduled Monuments in Luton are:  Dray's Ditches (part in Central Bedfordshire)  Neolithic enclosure known as Waulud's Bank  Strip Lynchets on Stopsley Common

The Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England has produced a register of Historic Parks and Gardens which recognises the importance of the landscape as an essential part of the nation's heritage. Luton has three Historic Parks identified by the Historic Buildings

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) and Monuments Commission for England - Putteridge Bury (Grade II) which lies just on the eastern boundary of the Borough and Wardown Park (Grade II) and Luton Hoo (Grade II*), which lies partly in Central Bedfordshire. None of Luton’s registered historic parks is at risk.

There are five conservation areas within Luton. Two of the Conservation Areas within Luton are at risk – High Town Road and The Hat District. Luton’s five Conservation Areas are:

 Rothesay  Town Centre  The Hat District  High Town Road  Luton South

3.1.8 Human Health Human health components of the SEA look at a wide range of conditions to measure and establish the baseline, including road traffic accidents, health deprivation, crime and disorder deprivation and outdoor living environment deprivation.

In 2018, 80 people were killed or seriously injured in Luton. However, these figures are significantly higher than the 2010-14 average of 53 (unadjusted).

In addition to road traffic accidents, one of the key ways that transport can influence human health is through encouraging and enabling more active transport choices, such as walking and cycling, as this helps to tackle obesity and weight-related health problems. Transport plays a significant role in both causing and tackling obesity, as more sedentary, car-based lifestyles and transport choices contribute significantly to the general obesity problem. Furthermore, increasing non-sedentary, or sustainable, travel will help to combat obesity by encouraging more active lifestyles.

In Luton, 67% of adults are overweight or obese, which is higher than national levels of 62.3%.11 The percentage of adults that are physically active is 56.6%, which is much lower than the national average of 67.2% and physically inactive adults in Luton stand at 32.6%, compared with 21.4% nationally.12

Since the majority of adults in Luton work, analysis of 2011 travel to work statistics (ONS Census) provides additional background information towards the growing obesity problem. In Luton, only 1.3% of people cycle to work and 13.5% walk to work, despite the fact that 20% work within a reasonable walking distance (under 2km) and an additional 43% of residents work within a reasonable cycling distance (under 5km).

Child-related obesity is also on the rise. In 2019/20, obesity among primary school children in reception year was 11.7% in Luton, which is higher than the national rate of 9.7%.13

Older children in Year 6 show the worsening problem of obesity. In 2019/20, 25.9% of children in Year 6 were obese in Luton. This is higher than the national level of 20.2% and is increasing.14

11 Public Heath England, Percentage of adults classified as overweight or obese, 2019/20. 12 Public Health England, Percentage of physically active and physically inactive adults, 2018/19. 13 Public Health England, National Child Measurement Programme, Reception Year Obesity, 2019/20. 14 Public Health England, National Child Measurement Programme, Year 6 Obesity, 2019/20. 20

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

The Index of Multiple Deprivation also provides some indication of human health in Luton. Currently, 5% of Luton’s LSOAs are within the 10% most health deprived nationally. For crime and disorder, 5% of Luton’s LSOAs in Luton are within the 10% most deprived nationally.

For the living environment domain, which considers things like housing quality, air quality and road traffic accidents, 5% of Luton’s super output areas are within the 10% most deprived. This sub-domain is particularly relevant to transport as it contains measures based on air quality and road traffic accidents.

3.1.9 Material Assets Material assets considered in this SEA are those comprising the physical transport infrastructure in Luton and the condition of these transport assets can seriously alter perceptions of journey experience for transport users. There no longer appears to be any data on the condition of material assets. However, the annual National Highways and Transport Survey measures public satisfaction with transport assets, and those that are most relevant to the condition and provision of material assets are shown below in Figure 12.

Figure 12: NHT Survey Results - % Public Satisifcation Question Luton National Average WCBI 02-The condition of pavements 53% 55% WCBI 10-Condition of cycle routes 54% 54% HMBI 01-Condition of road surfaces 45% 38% HMBI 05-Provision of Street Lighting 63% 65% HMBI 09-Maintenance of highway verges/trees/shrub 51% 52% HMBI 11-Provision of Drains 53% 55% HMBI 12-Keeping drains clear and working 50% 52% HMBI 13- Deals with Potholes and damaged roads 41% 36% Source: NHT Survey 2019 Luton Council

When compared to national average satisfaction levels, Luton is performing either slightly below or slightly above average with regards to public satisfaction with the condition of material assets.

3.2 Evolution of the Environmental Baseline The baseline was used to forecast to the end of the LTP4 period in order to compare the environmental effects of the LTP4 plan options against the evolution of the environment without the LTP. The baseline scenario not only provides a basis for the prediction of environmental effects but will also assist in the long-term monitoring of the environmental effects from the implementation of the LTP4.

Forecasting the evolution of the environment in the absence of the LTP4 also helps to understand how the LTP will contribute to changes to the environment in the future. This can be done by comparing the forecast evolution or the “without the plan” scenario against the predicted effects of the LTP in later stages of the SEA. This section, therefore, evaluates the likely changes to the environment assuming no LTP is implemented.

Whilst the future scenario forecasts the evolution of the environment in the absence of LTP, it does not, however, assume that previously adopted, draft and future plans and programmes

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) will not continue to be implemented. The SEA must assume that other adopted plans and programmes will be delivered as planned.

The most significant changes to the environmental baseline will be borne from the planned growth arising from Luton’s Local Plan documents. These documents allocate land and plan for growth in the Borough. Central and local government policies require that significant weight is given to locating new development in a sustainable way. However, it is unlikely that such a substantial amount of growth will not lead to sizeable increases in traffic growth on the road network in the absence of an LTP to provide a framework through which to manage these effects. Irrespective of the LTP, transport schemes will most likely be required to accommodate accessibility to planned housing development, particularly on greenfield sites, and also to support additional traffic on the transport network by increasing capacity on the existing transport network arising from this planned growth.

Increases in traffic on the network may lead to increases in congestion, air pollution, and noise from traffic. However, on balance, there is scope for technological improvements in vehicles and the more widespread use of alternative fuels to reduce harmful emissions and noise from transport as newer, more efficient vehicles replace older vehicles in the fleet.

Figure 13 below summarises the assessment of the evolution of the environment over the LTP4 period against the SEA environmental topics, in the absence of LTP.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Figure 13: Assessment of the evolution of the environment against the baseline SEA Topic SEA Objective Evolution Assessment Comments Climatic factors SEA1 Slight Beneficial CO2 emissions from transport are likely to continue to decrease, albeit, at a slower pace on a per capita basis as fuel efficiency improves and alternative fuels become more mainstream. Air SEA2 Moderate Beneficial Forecasts of NO2 emissions estimate indicate that Luton’s AQMAs are likely to be below the threshold levels by 2030. Population SEA3 Slight Adverse Growth allocated through the Local Plan, coupled with increases in traffic growth, are likely to further erode tranquillity in the area. Population SEA4 Moderate Adverse The main function of an LTP is to improve accessibility via transport improvements across the Borough. Therefore, without an LTP for delivering accessibility improvements, access would be likely to remain unimproved for the majority of the existing population. Biodiversity, flora SEA5 Neutral The lack of designated sites in Luton, coupled with the low quantum of growth indicate and fauna that adverse effects in the absence of the LTP are unlikely. Landscape SEA6 Slight Adverse Housing and employment growth is likely to have the greatest impact on the landscape and the identified housing need in Luton and the surrounding area will likely have an adverse impact on the landscape to some extent. Water, Soil SEA7 Slight Beneficial The Water Framework Directive aims to deliver long-term protection of the water environment by improving the quality of all waters and requires all coastal and inland waters to reach “good” status. Negative impacts to the water system under this directive must be identified and a programme of measures established to address all types of impacts. This should prevent further decline of water quality in the absence of the LTP. Cultural Heritage SEA8 Neutral Given the statutory protection to most heritage assets and the strong protection given through the NPPF, Cultural heritage is likely to continue to be preserved in the absence of the LTP. Human Health SEA9 Slight/Moderate Beneficial Other plans and programmes in place are likely to improve health in the absence of the LTP4, although the LTP4 has the potential to further increase or enhance these beneficial effects. Material Assets SEA10 Large Adverse The LTP provides the mechanism through which funding for maintaining existing transport infrastructure in Luton. Without the LTP, the material transport assets considered in this SEA would degrade significantly, particularly from increases in traffic growth coupled with a lack of maintenance, and the effect would be adverse.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

3.3 Environmental Problems and Issues The SEA Directive requires that the Environmental Report should provide information on existing environmental and sustainability problems and opportunities. This is referred to in Annex 1 (d) of the Directive.

Annex 1 (d): Any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the plan or programme including, in particular, those relating to any areas of a particular environmental importance, such as areas designated pursuant to Directives 79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC.’

From the analysis of the baseline and the likely evolution of the environment, the current strengths and weaknesses and the future threats and opportunities relevant to transport and able to be affected by the LTP were established. These are described in Figure 14.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Figure 14: Transport Related Environmental Problems, Issues and Recommendations SEA Topic Problems Issues Recommendation Climate Reductions in CO2 emissions from Ensuring that transport The LTP should look to include measures to reduce road transport are slowing down improvements reduce greenhouse greenhouse gas emissions from transport, through modal gas emissions as much as possible shift measures, the encouragement of technological improvements, changes to infrastructure and traffic management. Air Three AQMAs related to transport Ensuring that no new Air Quality The LTP will need to ensure that air quality is improved, are likely adversely affecting Management Areas are declared as a particularly within AQMAs, through transport human health result of traffic and transport and, improvements to traffic management and infrastructure ideally, revoking existing AQMAs. design and an increase in sustainable transport use. Biodiversity, Possible impacts on biodiversity Protecting of habitats and species The LTP will need to ensure that transport measures and Flora, and surrounding the Borough, loss from transport’s adverse impacts, schemes do not adversely impact on biodiversity and Fauna of/severance habitats from land such as habitat severance, air and where possible should work to enhance habitats, species take for transport schemes, such water pollution and ecosystem services and facilitate biodiversity and as those arising from growth environmental nett gain. Landscape Possible landscape impacts from Protecting the integrity of the The LTP will need to ensure that transport improvements land take for transport schemes, surrounding landscape whilst still respect the surrounding landscape and countryside particularly those arising from providing transport access for growth. character, where appropriate. growth Population Low tranquillity score and rank Ensuring that transport Traffic noise triggers a complex chain of responses improvements do not adversely affect affecting human health and well-being. The LTP should noise and lighting levels in local look, wherever possible, to minimise noise emissions communities from transport through the use of low noise surfacing, noise/ visual barriers, reducing speed limits on roads, and looking at alternative measures for traffic calming. In terms of urban design, buildings should be designed so that habitable areas are located away from the noise source.. The use of street lighting should be minimised where it is safe to do so.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

SEA Topic Problems Issues Recommendation Water, Soil Water quality is currently bad and Ensuring the transport improvements The LTP will need to give consideration for ways that it surface water flood risk is do not further exacerbate poor water can affect and improve the surface and groundwater widespread quality and that drainage quality in the area and reduced flood risk, for example by maintenance does not contribute to incorporating a widespread use of SUDS, and also to surface water flooding ensuring that highways drains and culverts are kept clear of debris to enable flow. Cultural 40% of Conservation Areas are at Protecting and enhancing Luton’s The LTP will need to ensure that delivery of transport Heritage risk heritage assets improvements does not adversely affect heritage assets, and where possible, enhances them, such as in Conservation Areas. Human Health High levels of crime deprivation, Ensuring transport helps to improve The LTP should include improvements that increases obesity and increasing number of health and safety in the Borough. physically active (walking and cycling) transport choices people injured in road traffic where possible, improving access to health services by accidents. public transport and include schemes to ensure that road traffic accidents and air pollution decrease in order to protect human health. Material Pothole satisfaction is low and Maintaining and improving transport The LTP will need to ensure that transport improvements Assets declining, as is satisfaction with assets in such a way that facilitates enhance the Borough’s transport assets and increase the condition of the road surfaces. modal shift. public satisfaction with these assets.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

4 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

SEA guidance on undertaking environmental assessment recommends the prediction and evaluation of the environmental effects of the plan are considered during the production of Luton’s LTP4. This involves identifying changes to the environmental baseline that the plan may have. In order to make the best use of the SEA objectives (Section 2.1) for assessment purposes, they have been framed in the form of questions and linked to the relevant indicators as presented in the environmental baseline.

Taken together, the objectives, questions and indicators define the “Significance Criteria” against which the effects of the draft LTP4 strategy are predicted and evaluated, thus forming the framework for assessment. Threshold levels and targets have been used to further evaluate significant effects. This Significance Criteria used in appraising the draft Luton LTP4 strategy for environmental effects can be found in Appendix C.

The draft policies presented within the draft Luton LTP4 were evaluated in light of their potential effects on the SEA objectives. The assessment was informed by the following:

 Expert judgement  Spatial analysis  National, regional and local trends  Forecasting reports and studies, where available

For the environmental assessment of the draft Luton LTP4, matrices were used to predict and evaluate how the delivery of the draft Luton LTP4 strategy would affect the SEA objectives and the indicators that comprise the environmental baseline.

The assessment of each measure is recorded in the matrices, using the following symbols:

Effect Symbol Very Beneficial ++ Moderate Beneficial + Slight Beneficial 0/+ Slight Adverse 0/- Moderate Adverse - Very Adverse - - No significant impact 0 Beneficial and Adverse Impact +/- Insufficient Detail ID

The matrix worksheets for Luton’s draft LTP4 policy and options assessments can be found in Appendix D and Appendix E, respectively. Full details of each of the options assessed can be found in the Luton Fourth Local Transport Plan: Issues and Options Report (December 2018).

These assessment worksheets were used to determine and describe the overall environmental effects that the draft Luton LTP4 strategy may have on the SEA objectives. A summary of the environmental effects of each policy can be seen in Figure 15 below.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Figure 15: Draft LT4 Environmental Assessment Summary SEA1 SEA2 SEA3 SEA4 SEA5 SEA6 SEA7 SEA8 SEA9 SEA10

Policy 1 0/+ 0/+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Policy 2 0/+ 0/+ 0/+ 0 0/+ S 0/+ S 0/+ S 0/+ S + 0 Policy 3 0 0 0 0 0/+ S 0/+ S 0 0 0/+ 0/+ Policy 4 0/+ 0/+ 0 + 0 - 0 0/- 0 Policy 5 + + + + 0/+S 0/+ S 0/+ S 0/+ S + 0 Policy 6 + + 0/+ 0/+ 0/+ S 0 0 0/+ S 0 0 Policy 7 + + 0/+ 0 0/+ S 0 0 0/+ S 0 0 Policy 8 0/+ 0/+ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Policy 9 +/- +/- 0/- 0 + S /- + S /-- 0/- 0/- 0 0 Policy 10 0/+/- 0/+/- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Policy 11 + + + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Policy 12 0 + 0 0 0/+ S 0 0 0/+ S 0 0 Policy 13 0 0 + 0 0/+S 0 0 0 +S 0 Policy 14 0/+ S 0/+ S 0/+ S 0 0/+T 0/+T 0/+T 0/+T + 0 Policy 15 0/- 0/- 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 Policy 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ++ 0 Policy 17 0/+ S 0/+ S 0/+ S 0 0/+T 0/+T 0/+T 0/+T + + Policy 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0/+ 0 0 Policy 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + Policy 20 0/- 0 0/- 0 0 0 0 0 0/+ 0 Policy 21 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0/+ 0 Policy 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

4.1 Secondary, Tertiary, Cumulative and Synergistic Effects Many primary environmental effects can lead to secondary, tertiary, cumulative or synergistic effects in other areas. Before undertaking appraisal, an environmental impact matrix exercise was undertaken, focused on transport related environmental effects (Figure 16).

Figure 16: Environmental Effects Matrix

Secondary Effects

Noise

Water

Change

Climate Climate

Cultural Cultural

Flooding

Heritage

Landscape

Air Quality

Population

Biodiversity

Human Health Human Climate Change Air Quality

Noise Biodiversity Water Landscape Human Health Primary EffectsPrimary Cultural Heritage Population Flooding

The matrix allowed for the following general assumptions to be made about where secondary effects may occur and these were carried forward through the appraisal:

 Climate change effects are likely to impact on air quality, flooding, human health, water, population, biodiversity and landscape  Air quality effects are likely to lead to secondary effects on human health and biodiversity  Flooding effects are likely to lead to secondary effects on human health, population, biodiversity, landscape and soil and water quality  Effects on the landscape are likely to lead to secondary effects on biodiversity  Water and soil quality effects are likely to lead to secondary effects on human health, biodiversity and landscape.

4.2 Overall Environmental Effects: Draft LTP4 Strategy The majority of the Luton LTP4 policies focus on encouraging a modal shift towards active, sustainable modes of transport, reducing greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions from transport, improving accessibility, particularly by sustainable modes of transport, and improving road safety.

In general, it was determined that any measure which encourages a modal shift in order to reduce congestion (such as walking, cycling and public transport measures and schemes, as well as all smarter choices) may lead to beneficial environmental effects by mitigating out the adverse effects that arise from motorised transport modes. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution emissions, noise and vibration. The secondary effects of those benefits may lead to less stress on biodiversity, the landscape and water resources.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

4.2.1 Climatic Factors (SEA1) In general, many of the draft Luton LTP4 policies will work to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transport, either directly or indirectly. In particular, measures that will encourage a modal shift will lead to reductions in road transport greenhouse gas emissions, including:

 Travel planning  Walking and cycling network improvements  Public transport improvements

The draft Luton LTP4 also includes two specific policies (Policy 6 and Policy 7) to support the use of low emission vehicles, car clubs and more efficient driving practices, which will also work to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport.

However, the potential for capacity enhancements outlined within Policy 9 may facilitate traffic growth, therefore leading to additional greenhouse gas emissions from road transport from the additional traffic on the network.

The proposed 20 mph zones within Policy 15 may also have an uncertain effect on CO2 emissions, as the average vehicle travelling at a constant 30 mph will emit less CO2 than at a constant 20 mph. However, DfT has suggested that driving more slowly at a steady pace will save fuel and carbon dioxide emissions unless an unnecessarily low gear is used.15 20 mph zones may also encourage a modal shift by providing a safer environment in which to walk and cycle, which may reduce CO2 emissions.

4.2.2 Air Pollution (SEA2) Air quality has been identified as a particular problem in several locations across Luton, predominantly as a result of traffic emissions. The draft Luton LTP4 includes a specific policy for managing air pollution, Policy 12, which focuses on ensuring that no new AQMAs are declared over the LTP4 period, particularly as a result of new development.

Overall, many of the Luton LTP4 policies will work to reduce air pollution emissions from transport, as well as minimise air pollution emissions that may arise from growth, either directly or indirectly. In particular, measures that will encourage a modal shift will lead to reductions in road transport air pollution emissions, including:

 Travel planning  Walking and cycling network improvements  Public transport improvements

Additionally, the Luton LTP4 policies for reducing CO2 emissions from motorised transport in Policy 6 and Policy 7 are also likely to lead to reductions in air pollution emissions.

However, the potential for capacity enhancements outlined within Policy 9 may facilitate traffic growth, therefore leading to additional air pollution emissions from road transport from the additional traffic on the network. Linking signal settings at adjacent junctions can further

15 Department for Transport, Call for comments on revision of DfT’s speed limit circular, December 2009.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) enhance Urban Traffic Management and Control systems so that groups of vehicles travel at optimal speeds, minimising heavy acceleration and braking which avoids ‘wear and tear’ on both vehicles and the road surface, which is one of the causes of ‘particulate matter.

The proposed 20 mph zones within Policy 15 may also have an uncertain effect on air pollution emissions, as the average vehicle travelling at a constant 30 mph will emit less air pollution than at a constant 20 mph. However, DfT has suggested that driving more slowly at a steady pace will save fuel and carbon dioxide emissions unless an unnecessarily low gear is used and it is possible to assume that results for air pollution emissions may be similar.16 20 mph zones may also encourage a modal shift by providing a safer environment in which to walk and cycle, which may reduce air pollution emissions.

4.2.3 Population: Noise, Vibration and Visual Intrusion (SEA3) In general, the plan includes policies through which noise and vibration from transport will be minimised and/or reduced, albeit indirectly. Strategy tools and measures proposed that will encourage a modal shift and therefore traffic reductions may lead to reductions in road noise and vibration from transport, including:

 Travel planning  Walking and cycling network improvements  Public transport improvements  Measures to reduce congestion in general, such as network efficiency improvements  20 mph zones  Traffic management /reductions in residential areas

Policy 6 seeks to encourage the use of electric vehicles, which would also lead to reductions in noise from vehicles.

Policy 13 specifically seeks to reduce noise, vibration and light pollution from traffic and transport schemes.

However, the potential for capacity enhancements outlined within Policy 9 is likely to increase noise and vibration in line with increasing road capacity in those specific areas where capacity is to be increased. The increased street lighting proposed in Policy 20 may increase visual intrusion from street lighting and adversely impact on tranquillity, which is already extremely low.

4.2.4 Population: Accessibility and Social Inclusion (SEA4) Accessibility, in general, will be enhanced by the majority of the draft Luton LTP4 policies. Many of the transport improvements outlined within the draft Luton LTP4 policies are aimed at improving accessibility by public transport, walking and cycling. These should work to mitigate the potential for adverse environmental effects to be borne out of increases in road infrastructure for providing access to developments and services.

Policies 21 and 22 also offer specific improvements aimed at facilitating access for the disabled and/or those with special needs.

16 Department for Transport, Call for comments on revision of DfT’s speed limit circular, December 2009.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

No measures were identified as having adverse effects on accessibility. Additionally, several of the options within the economy and environment chapter will also work to improve accessibility via sustainable modes of transport, particularly through workplace, residential, school and personal travel planning. The public transport improvements proposed are also likely to increase the proportion of the population within 20 minutes of employment by public transport.

4.2.5 Biodiversity, Geodiversity, Flora and Fauna (SEA5) Overall, biodiversity is likely to benefit from secondary or tertiary effects from the LTP4 policies that reduce greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions.

However, the potential capacity enhancements outlined within Policy 9 may have adverse impacts on biodiversity, particularly those designated sites within the vicinity of the planned capacity improvements. In particular, it is possible that some of the large-scale transport infrastructure schemes required to facilitate growth may adversely affect an SSSI. Adverse impacts on biodiversity may also arise from increases in air pollution, water pollution and noise in the vicinity of these capacity improvements.

All road building schemes that require more than 1hectare of land-take will be required to undergo Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) screening. The EIA process should be used to identify specific opportunities available for mitigating adverse effects on biodiversity and to aid in the implementation of Policy 4 and Policy 9.

4.2.6 Landscape (SEA6) Overall, none of the LTP4 policies will provide any directly beneficial effects on the Landscape. Cumulative and secondary impact assessment identified that climate change, water and soil pollution and flooding can lead to secondary impacts on the landscape (Section 4.1).

However, the potential for capacity enhancements outlined within Policy 9 and the proposal for a Butterfield Park and Ride site within or near to the AONB may have adverse impacts on the local landscape, specifically the Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). In particular, it is likely that some of the large-scale transport infrastructure schemes required to facilitate growth may adversely affect the AONB. Adverse impacts on the enjoyment of this protected landscape may also arise from increases in air pollution and noise in the vicinity of these capacity improvements, further deteriorating tranquillity in and around the Luton area.

All road building schemes will be required to undergo Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) screening. The EIA process should be used to identify specific opportunities available for mitigating adverse effects on the landscape and to aid in the implementation of Policy 4 and Policy 9.

4.2.7 Water and Soil (SEA7) Water and soil resources are unlikely to be significantly affected by the LTP4 policies. It is worth noting that any new transport infrastructure is likely to provide pollution control measures in line with the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) guidance.

Other non-infrastructure based measures within the plan, such as those to encourage modal shift, may have secondary benefits on water and soil quality by reducing traffic overall, which

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) would prevent water and soil pollution from leaking fluids from motorised vehicles and reduce the effects of diffused urban pollution .

4.2.8 Cultural Heritage (SEA8) The Luton townscape is likely to benefit overall from many of the LTP4 policies proposed, particularly from the encouragement of modal shift and traffic management measures in the urban area by reducing traffic in these areas, and therefore reducing the impacts that traffic would have on the townscape.

However, the potential for capacity enhancements outlined within Policy 9 may have adverse impacts on local heritage assets, depending on detailed scheme locations. In particular, the proposed Butterfield Park and Ride site appears to be very near to Putteridge Bury Historic Park and Garden and may lead to impacts on this asset. Adverse impacts on the conservation and enjoyment of heritage assets may also arise from increases in air pollution and noise in the vicinity of these capacity improvements.

All road building schemes will be required to undergo Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) screening. The EIA process should be used to identify specific opportunities available for mitigating adverse effects on the heritage assets and to aid in the implementation of Policy 9.

4.2.9 Human Health (SEA9) Benefits to human health are predicted as a result of the draft Luton LTP4. In particular, nearly all of the Safer and Inclusive Communities policies in Chapter 11 will work to reduce the number and severity of road traffic accidents in Luton and improve safety overall, which will positively affect human health. Policy 20, although not entirely transport related, may also work to reduce crime deprivation in the Luton area.

Additionally, the emphasis on modal shift to walking and cycling will bring about improvements in physical fitness and many of the policies for supporting the environment (Chapter 10) are designed to encourage a modal shift to more physically active modes of transport. In turn, the behavioural change from people switching from driving to walking, cycling or possibly even using public transport will work to improve human health by encouraging people to use “active” transport modes rather than sedentary modes.

However, the potential for capacity enhancements outlined within Policy 9 will accommodate traffic growth in the area. Increases in traffic volumes from capacity enhancements may have primary and secondary effects on human health, from a larger number of road traffic accidents on those roads and possibly from increased air pollution emissions on a localised basis.

4.2.10 Material Assets (SEA10) Policies 19 and 22 were identified as having beneficial effects on the maintenance and management of Luton’s transport assets. However, many of the Luton LTP4 policies will support the overall expansion of Luton’s transport assets. In particular, the footway and cycleway assets are likely to be extended, as well as street furniture (bus stops, cycle parking, signage etc.), signals and Rights of Way. Although these will increase the overall value of Luton’s transport assets, they are also likely to lead to increased maintenance implications in the longer term.

Additionally, those measures that encourage modal shift may lead to reductions in traffic, which may, in turn, have the secondary effect of reducing road maintenance requirements, as

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) motorised vehicles cause the most damage to road assets. Measures to encourage freight modal shift within Policy 11 may also positively impact on maintenance requirements, as heavy goods vehicles on the roads are likely to cause a disproportionate amount of road damage when compared with passenger cars.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

5 MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS

In accordance with SEA guidance measures to prevent, reduce or offset significant adverse effects the draft LTP4 policies have been considered based on the outcomes of the environmental assessment and these are outlined in Figure 17. In general, the recommendations described here offer ways of enhancing the environmental effects of the plan during the subsequent stages of its development.

Figure 17: General Policy Mitigation Recommendations Measure Recommendation Policy 4 In order to combat street clutter, ensure that public transport street furniture (such as bus shelters and on-street ticket vending machines) are placed in such a way as to minimise the obstruction they cause and also are of a design that is in keeping with the character of the area.

Consideration should also be given on ways to reduce any potential adverse effects of the Butterfield Park and Ride site near to the AONB and Putteridge Bury Historic Park and Garden. General Park and Ride mitigation could include:

 Car park lighting switch-off outside hours of Park and Ride operation  Using hooded car park lighting that reduces upwards light spillage  Using LED bulbs or integrated solar panels for Park and Ride car park lighting to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions  Providing noise barriers around the Park and Ride sites (such as large- scale planting schemes or noise buffering walls)  The use of low noise surfacing for paving car parks  Preferential parking for low emission vehicles and/or car sharers  Electric vehicle recharging points – supplied by a renewable energy source  Requiring low emission buses when contracting Park and Ride services  Requiring eco-driver training for bus driver when contracting new Park and Ride services  Requiring vehicle specifications to include air conditioning, white roofs, tinted windows and adequate ventilation to increase resilience and comfort during heat wave events when contracting new Park and Ride services

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Measure Recommendation Policy 9  Use of low noise surfacing in all capacity enhancement schemes will ensure that noise from increased traffic flows is minimised.  Where capacity enhancements are likely to affect designated sites of nature conservation importance, measures to prevent, reduce or compensate should be put in place to minimise the adverse impacts on biodiversity.  Since capacity enhancement schemes are likely to be large schemes, the use of Environmental Impact Assessment and the implementation of its recommendations should work to minimise the adverse impacts of these schemes as much as possible. Additionally, the use of alternative options testing through the New Approach to Appraisal (NATA) method should work to ensure that sustainable alternatives are given due consideration. Policy 10 Whilst this may work to reduce commuting by car, it may also encourage more short trips, increasing greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions overall. The introduction of differential parking tariffs based on vehicle emissions, in combination with parking controls on long stay parking opportunities, could be considered. Policy 15 In general, should ensure a constant speed in 20mph zones in areas currently declared as AQMAs, and also in areas within a 10% margin of “safe” pollution concentration levels, rather than stop/start and braking/accelerating traffic.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

6 MONITORING AND REPORTING

The environmental effects of the implementation of Luton’s LTP4 must be monitored and reported in order to continue to appraise progress against SEA objectives and continually identify environmental problems and issues. The SEA on Luton’s LTP4 must be monitored and reported in accordance with the SEA regulations. This allows for the effects of the implementation of the LTP4 on the environment to be continuously monitored against the environmental baseline. Monitoring of the SEA will be integrated into any LTP4 Delivery Reports, as and when produced by Luton Council.

Monitoring will describe any changes to the environmental baseline arising from the implementation of the LTP4 and how Luton Borough Council will work to mitigate any adverse effects identified. The monitoring process will incorporate the following:

 GIS  Comparison of the current state of the environment against the baseline  Analysis of changes to indicators (positive or negative)  Analysis of performance against targets and objectives

Figure 18 below describes the suggested monitoring regime for Luton’s LTP4 SEA. It describes which indicators will be reviewed and when this information can be collected, as well as the responsible agency for collecting the data from. Figure 19 shows the proposed SEA reporting structure, through which performance will be analysed, problems identified and remediation measures considered.

Figure 18: SEA Monitoring Regime Indicator Frequency Source CO2 emissions from road transport Annual Department of Business, Energy, Industry and Skills (BEIS) Number of AQMAs declared from Annual Luton Council traffic sources of air pollution Tranquillity Unknown Campaign to Protect Rural England Deprivation: Every three Ministry of Housing for  Index of Multiple Deprivation years Communities and Local  Barriers to Housing and Services Government (MHCLG) Deprivation  Living Environment Deprivation  Crime and disorder deprivation  Health deprivation Special Protection Areas Annual Natural England Ramsar sites Annual Natural England Special Areas of Conservation Annual Natural England Sites of Special Scientific Interest Annual Natural England National Nature Reserves Annual Natural England County Wildlife Sites Unknown Luton Council

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Indicator Frequency Source Local Nature Reserves Unknown Luton Council Ancient Woodland Annual Natural England Greenbelt Annual Ministry of Housing for Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) River Catchment Data Annual Environment Agency Registered historic parks and gardens Annual Historic England Listed buildings Annual Historic England Scheduled Monuments Annual Historic England Conservation Areas Unknown Luton Council Number of people killed or seriously Annual Luton Council and Department for injured in road traffic accidents Transport Child and Adult Obesity Annual Luton Council

Active Transport Modes to work Every 10 years Census Satisfaction with the condition of Annual National Highways and Travel pavements (WCBI 02) Survey Satisfaction with the condition of cycle Annual National Highways and Travel routes (WCBI 10) Survey Satisfaction with the condition of road Annual National Highways and Travel surfaces (HMBI 01) Survey Satisfaction with the provision of street Annual National Highways and Travel Lighting (HMBI 05) Survey Satisfaction with the Maintenance of Annual National Highways and Travel highway verges/trees/shrub (HMBI 09) Survey Satisfaction with the provision of Drains Annual National Highways and Travel (HMBI 11) Survey Satisfaction with the keeping drains clear Annual National Highways and Travel and working (HMBI 12) Survey Satisfaction with the deals with Potholes Annual National Highways and Travel and damaged roads (HMBI 13) Survey

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Figure 19: Example SEA Reporting Table SEA SEA Indicator Baseline Current Analysis Remedial Topic Objective Action? xxvii

SEA1: To CO2 emissions from road transport: reduce  Total tonnes  214,807 greenhouse  % of total  29%

Factors Climatic Climatic gas emissions  Tonnes per capita  1.0 from transport

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

7 CONCLUSION

 Strategic Priorities  Supporting a healthy environment  Safer and inclusive communities 

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020) effects were also identified. In the strategy, these are predominantly related to Policy 10, which allows for large-scale transport infrastructure improvements to facilitate growth.

The draft Luton LTP4 strategy will be further developed following on from this consultation. Once finalised, this Luton LTP4 will undergo further detailed appraisal, which will form a significant part of the final Environmental Report, which will be submitted to the Department for Transport alongside the final Luton LTP4 in 2021.

Overall, the SEA has been and will continue to be influential in informing the development of Luton’s LTP4 by identifying the potential environmental effects of the strategy and policies. This will allow for environmental considerations to be fully integrated into the strategy as it is developed and will contribute to the further development of the Luton LTP4 during the next stages of the LTP process.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

APPENDIX A: RELEVANT PLANS, PROGRAMMES AND OBJECTIVES

Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board International The Convention on Requires signatory states to designate important wetlands for conversation Ensure that the LTP does not support Wetlands of International in particular waterfowl habitats. Designation of Ramsar Sites to be transport improvements that threaten Importance 1971 protected from development. designated wetland sites. (amended 1982) The Convention on The main driver of the SEA Directive. Article 6A of the Convention requires Ensure that the LTP does not support Biological Diversity, Rio de each Contracting Party to develop national strategies, plans and transport improvements that threaten Janeiro, 1992 programmes for the conservation and sustainable use of biological designated biodiversity sites. diversity. The Paris Agreement The Paris Agreement brings all nations into a common cause to Ensure the LTP contributes to greenhouse (2016) undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its gas reduction targets by reducing effects, with enhanced support to assist developing countries to do so. Its greenhouse gas emissions from transport. central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change. It also requires all Parties to put forward their best efforts through nationally determined contributions (NDCs) and to strengthen these efforts in the years ahead. This includes requirements that all Parties report regularly on their emissions and on their implementation efforts. UNESCO World Heritage Links together in a single document the concepts of nature conservation Ensure that the LTP does not adversely Convention (1972) and the preservation of cultural properties. The Convention recognizes the affect any designated heritage assets or way in which people interact with nature, and the fundamental need to their settings. preserve the balance between the two.

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Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board European European Climate Change To combat climate change by means of various cross-cutting measures in Ensure the LTP contributes to greenhouse Programme the fields of energy, industry and transport. gas reduction targets by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport. Include climate change strategy. Air Quality Framework Establishes mandatory standards for air quality and sets limits and guides Ensure the LTP contributes to Directives values for sulphur and nitrogen dioxide, suspended particulates and lead in improvements in air quality by reducing air. emissions from transport and ensure that limit values are not exceeded due to traffic. Council Directive To define a common approach intended to avoid, prevent or reduce noise Ensure LTP includes improvements to 2002/49/EC on the on a prioritised basis including the harmful effects of exposure to reduce noise from transport. Assessment and environmental noise in built-up-areas, public parks or other quiet areas. Management of Environmental Noise Birds Directive 1979 Imposes duty on Member States to sustain populations of naturally Ensure that the LTP does not support 79/409/EEC occurring wild birds by sustaining areas of habitats in order to maintain transport improvements that threaten SAC populations at ecologically and scientifically sound levels. Designation of sites. SACs and use of Appropriate Assessment. Habitats Directive 1992 Requires Member States to take legislative and administrative measures to Ensure that the LTP does not support Flora 92/43/EEC maintain and restore natural habitats and wild species at a favourable transport improvements that threaten conservation status in the Community. designated biodiversity sites. The Water Framework Applies to surface waters (including some coastal waters) and groundwater. Ensure that the LTP4 supports growth that Directive 2000 It requires member states, among other things, to prevent deterioration of will mitigate any water quality issues, such 2000/60/EC aquatic ecosystems and protect, enhance and restore water bodies to as through the use of SUDS. ‘good’ status. EU Sustainable The overall aim is to identify and develop actions to enable the EU to Ensure that the LTP4 contributes to Development Strategy achieve a continuous long-term improvement of quality of life through the mitigating and reducing the threat of creation of sustainable communities able to manage and use resources climate change. efficiently, able to tap the ecological and social innovation potential of the

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board economy and in the end able to ensure prosperity, environmental protection and social cohesion. The overall objectives are predominantly environmental, including climate change and clean energy, sustainable transport, sustainable consumption & production, or the conservation and management of natural resources. The Convention for the The main purpose of the Convention is to reinforce and promote policies Ensure that the LTP does not adversely Protection of the for the conservation and enhancement of Europe's heritage. It also affirms affect any designated heritage assets or Architectural Heritage of the need for European solidarity with regard to heritage conservation and is their settings. Europe designed to foster practical co-operation among the Parties. It establishes the principles of "European co-ordination of conservation policies" including consultations regarding the thrust of the policies to be implemented. The European Convention Objectives of the revised Convention are to integrate the conservation and Ensure that the LTP does not adversely on the Protection of archaeological investigation of archaeological heritage in urban and affect any designated heritage assets or Archaeological Heritage regional planning policies; to establish a co-operation and consultation their settings. processes between archaeologists, and project developers; to set standards for funding and archaeological and conservational methods used in studying the “knowledge of the history of mankind”; to promote educational actions and public awareness of the necessity of the protection and investigation of archaeological heritage in Europe; and to foster international co-operation and joint action among all European countries in the field of archaeological resource management by means of developing and exchanging relevant scientific information, technologies and expertise. European Landscape Promotes the protection, management and planning of European Ensure that the LTP and its associated Convention landscapes and organises European co-operation on landscape issues. schemes fully consider any impact they may have on protected landscapes. National The UK Government The Government’s Strategy for sustainable development aims to enable all Ensure that the LTP4 contributes to Sustainable Development people throughout the world to satisfy their basic needs and enjoy a better mitigating and reducing the threat of

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board Strategy 2005 quality of life without compromising the quality of life of future climate change. generations. The strategy contains four agreed priorities –  sustainable consumption and production,  climate change,  natural resource protection and  sustainable communities Fixing Our Broken Housing It includes measures to ensure that the UK: Ensure that LTP4 sets out clear policies to Market – housing white  plans for the right homes in the right places guide development to locate in the right paper (MHCLG, 2017)  builds homes faster places to reduce the need to travel and  diversifies the housing market encourage sustainable modes of transport.  helps people now Cutting carbon, creating The local transport white paper sets out the government’s vision for a LTP4 should provide a framework to growth: making sustainable local transport system that supports the economy and reduces maximise the use of sustainable modes of sustainable local transport carbon emissions. transport and support economic growth. happen - transport white paper (DfT, 2011) National Air Quality Sets out a way forward for work and planning on air quality issues. It also Ensure the LTP contributes to Strategy 2007 reiterates the air quality standards and objectives to be achieved and improvements in air quality by reducing (Defra, 2007) introduces a new policy framework for tackling fine particles. Furthermore, emissions from transport and ensure that the strategy identifies potential new national policy measures which limit values are not exceeded due to traffic. modelling indicates could give further health benefits and move closer towards meeting the strategy’s objectives. Planning (Listed Buildings Altered the laws on granting of planning permission for building works, Ensure that transport schemes meet & Conservation Areas) Act notably including those of the listed building system in England and Wales planning requirements for listed buildings 1990 and Conservation Areas. Ancient Monuments & Protects the archaeological heritage of England & Wales and Ensure that transport schemes do not Archaeological Areas Act Scotland. Northern Ireland has its own legislation. Section 61(12) defines adversely affect an ancient monuments or 1979 sites that warrant protection due to their being of national importance as archaeological areas of importance. 'ancient monuments'. These can be either Scheduled Ancient

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board Monuments or "any other monument which in the opinion of the Secretary of State is of public interest by reason of the historic, architectural, traditional, artistic or archaeological interest attaching to it". Damage to an ancient monument is a criminal offence and any works taking place within one require Scheduled Monument Consent from the Secretary of State. Climate Change Act 2008 The Act introduces a clear, credible, long-term framework for the UK to Ensure the LTP contributes towards achieve its goals of reducing carbon dioxide emissions and ensures that greenhouse gas reduction targets. steps are taken towards adapting to the impacts of climate change. The Act provides a framework for reducing carbon dioxide emissions through the following four elements:  Setting targets in statute and carbon budgeting  Establishing a Committee on Climate Change  Creating enabling powers  Reporting requirements Wildlife and Countryside Addresses the problem of species protection and habitat loss by setting out Ensure that the LTP does not support Act 1981 (as amended) the protection that is afforded to wild animals and plants in Britain. transport improvements that threaten designated nature conservation sites. The Conservation Transposes requirements of the Habitats Directive. Builds on existing Ensure that the LTP does not support Regulations, 1994 legislation for the protection of species and habitats listed in the Directive. transport improvements that threaten (‘Habitats Regulations’) designated biodiversity sites. Countryside and Rights of Extends the public's ability to enjoy the countryside. Section 74 sets Ensure the LTP supports the ROWIP. Way Act 2000 Government duties: to have regard to the purpose of the conservation of biological diversity in the exercise of Government functions; and to take, or promote the taking by others, of steps to further the conservation of the habitats and species in the wider countryside. Gives additional protection to Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). UK Biodiversity Action UK Biodiversity Steering Group 1995 set a goal to ‘Conserve and enhance Ensure that the LTP does not support Plan (UK Biodiversity biological diversity within the UK and to contribute to the conservation of transport improvements that threaten Partnership) biodiversity through all appropriate mechanisms’. National BAP produces a biodiversity.

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Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board series of action plans for priority species and habitats. Working with the grain of The Biodiversity Strategy for England sets this fundamental shift in train by Ensure that the LTP4 does not support nature - A Biodiversity ensuring that biodiversity considerations become embedded in all the main growth activities that would or could Strategy for England sectors of economic activity, public and private. Agriculture is particularly threaten biodiversity. (DEFRA, 2010) important, and the Strategy capitalises on the opportunities presented by the report of the Policy Commission on Food and Farming and the current review of the Common Agricultural Policy. The Strategy also sets out a programme for the next five years for the other main policy sectors, to make the changes necessary to conserve, enhance and work with the grain of nature and ecosystems rather than against them. It takes account of climate change as one of the most important factors affecting biodiversity and influencing policies. Healthy lives, healthy This white paper outlines the Government’s commitment to protecting the Ensure that the LTP4 includes measures to people: our strategy for population from serious health threats; helping people live longer, healthier support growth opportunities that enable public health in England and more fulfilling lives; and improving the health of the poorest, fastest. active forms of transport and travel, Department of Health, The goal is a public health service that achieves excellent results, unleashing recreation and access to healthcare. 2010 innovation and liberating professional leadership. Heritage Protection for Sets out intentions which are based on three central principles: Ensure the LTP4 contributes to protecting the 21st Century and enhancing heritage assets, where the need to develop a unified approach to the historic environment White Paper  possible. (DCMS, 2007)  maximising opportunities for inclusion and involvement  supporting sustainable communities by putting the historic environment at the heart of an effective planning system Historic England The Corporate plan aims to champion England’s historic environment; Ensure that any assets at risk are not Corporate Plan 2016 – identify and protect England’s special historic buildings and places; promote further compromised by transport policies 2019 and Action Plan change that safeguards historic buildings and places; help those who care and improvements and do not lead to the for historic buildings and places, including owners, local authorities, adding of additional assets to the at-risk communities and volunteers. register. Conservation 21: Natural This strategy sets out Natural England’s thinking about what we need to do Ensure that ecology is taken into account

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board England’s Conservation differently and how we need to work with others, to better deliver this for all development proposals that have Strategy For The 21st shared ambition. The strategy’s 3 guiding principles are to: any potential to adversely impact ecology, Century (2016)  create resilient landscapes and seas either directly or indirectly.  put people at the heart of the environment  grow natural capital National Planning Policy Sets out the Government's overarching planning policies on the delivery of Ensure that the NPPF transport Framework (2019) sustainable development through the recently revised planning system. It is requirements are reflected in the LTP, based on the key principles of the presumption in favour of sustainable given definition to those elements as to development and to significantly boost the supply of housing how they will be implemented at a local level . Local South East Midlands Local The South East Midlands’ Strategic Economic Plan sets out strategic Ensure that the LTP4 supports the aims of Enterprise Partnership – investments and future actions needed to grow our economy to its full the SEP, particularly Priorities 1, 6 and 7. Strategic Economic Plan potential for the future prosperity of all of our communities. It details seven priorities to create the right conditions for growth, set out across three core themes: growing business, growing people and growing places. The seven priorities are: 1.To use our strengths in High Performance Technology, including Next Generation Transport, to deliver commercialisation of innovation, driving growth within the Cambridge-Milton Keynes-Oxford Growth Corridor. 2. To deliver increased levels of private sector investment, including Foreign Direct Investment into the area, and grow jobs by 10% by 2025. 3. To deliver greater trading activity between companies in our area and elsewhere, with a special emphasis on emerging global markets, but also working to retain good European links. 4. To deliver an integrated and employer-led approach to skills attainment to ensure that our population is aware of, and has the attributes and competencies required for, a modern, competitive economy. This will comprise all pathways including delivery of 170,000 apprenticeships in the

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board decade to 2025/26 and opportunities for up-skilling, re-skilling and re- engagement. 5. To deliver sufficient new homes – with 130,000 planned in the decade to 2025/26 – to meet the needs of our growing population, with an emphasis on accelerating the completion of units with planning consent. 6. To deliver the infrastructure needed to achieve our full growth potential, including East-West Rail and the Expressway, and much-improved Broadband and wireless connections. 7. To ensure that this growth is undertaken in a manner that promotes social inclusion, equality and environmental sustainability. Our Luton in 2026: Key relevant priorities include: Ensure the LTP supports the achievement Luton’s Sustainable  Improving road safety of these objectives. Community Strategy  Promoting healthy living and tackling the key risk factors which affect (Luton Forum health June 2008)  Successfully adapting and mitigating for climate change  Protecting and enhancing the natural and built environment, including our rivers and natural habitats within Luton’s green spaces  Reducing consumption of water, energy, materials and minimising waste, including support for renewable energy generation  Improving public transport, access and mobility and increasing travel to work by sustainable modes of transport e.g. public transport, walking, cycling Bedfordshire and Luton Includes action plans for 7 habitats and 23 species. It also includes plans for Ensure that transport improvements do Biodiversity Action Plan data management and community involvement. not threaten species or habitats identified (BedsLife - Bedfordshire & in the Biodiversity Action Plan. Luton Biodiversity Partnership, 2001)

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Relevant Plan or Relevant Objectives or requirements of other plans or programmes How objectives and requirements might Programmes be taken on board Luton Health and Identified three key areas where resources will be focused: Ensure that the LTP includes measures to Wellbeing Strategy (2012)  Every child and young person has a healthy start in life support active forms of transport and  Reduced health inequalities within Luton travel for children and adults and provide  Healthier and more independent adults and older people viable transport options for older people. Luton Local Plan (2011-31) Provides a development framework for delivering housing and jobs growth Ensure improvements arising from LTP are in Luton to 2031 with an overall vision that Luton’s economic, social and consistent with and support this Local environmental resources and assets will be used efficiently and sustainably Development Framework. to deliver economic prosperity and an improved quality of life, health and wellbeing for all the residents of the Borough. Luton will strengthen and, where appropriate, transform the places that continue to make the borough unique. It will continue to be a place for diverse communities, building on its strategic importance as a sub-regional driver of economic growth. Conservation Area Character Appraisals and Management Plans

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

APPENDIX B: BASELINE MAPS

Map 1: Luton Air Quality Management Areas

AQMA No. 1

AQMA No. 2

AQMA No. 3

Source: Defra, AQMAs interactive map, https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/maps

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 2: Air Quality Management Area Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations around M1 Motorway (AQMA1 and AQMA2)

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 3: Air Quality Management Area Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations around Luton Town Centre (AQMA3)

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 4: Tranquillity

Source: Campaign for Rural England

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 5: Dark Skies and Light Pollution

Source: Campaign for Rural England

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 6: Index of Multiple Deprivation

Source: http://dclgapps.communities.gov.uk/imd/idmap.html

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 7: Barriers to Housing and Services Deprivation

Source: http://dclgapps.communities.gov.uk/imd/idmap.html

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 8: Biodiversity Designations around Luton

Data Source: Natural England

Map 9: Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

Data Source: Natural England

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 10: Ancient Woodland

Data Source: Natural England

Map 11: Flood Risk

Source: Gov.uk Flood Map for Planning

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 12: Surface Water Flood Risk

Source: Gov.uk Flood Map for Planning

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 13: Groundwater Source Protection Zones

Source: www.magic.gov.uk

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Map 14: Historic Assets

Data Source: Historic England

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

APPENDIX C: SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA

Within the Significance Criteria, each objective has a set of sub-objectives with linked indicators and a description of what constitutes a predicted beneficial (+) or an adverse (-) change against the baseline. Significance is primarily based on thresholds, benchmarking and targets. The "no significant impact" (0) assessment rating is not included in the significance criteria, as this by default requires that no significant effect on the baseline is predicted. The magnitude of the effect, whether negative or positive, requires professional judgement and consideration of each indicator individually.

Questions Indicator Beneficial (+) Very Beneficial (++) Adverse (-) Very Adverse (--) SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport Will the plan reduce CO2 emissions: greenhouse gas emissions  Total Tonnes Reduction of 1-10% Reduction of >10% Increase of 1-10% Increase of >10% from road transport  Tonnes per Capita per annum per annum per annum per annum SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Quality Strategy Will the plan reduce the No net change in the A reduction in the One new AQMA More than one new number of AQMAs? Number of AQMAs number of AQMAs number of AQMAs declared due to plan AQMA declared due to plan SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion from transport Will the plan reduce noise, Tranquillity Rank Rank moves further Rank moves to NA Rank falls vibration and visual intrusion out of bottom median quartile from transport? quartile SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social exclusion Will the plan improve Index of Multiple A reduction of up to A reduction of more An increase of up to An increase of greater accessibility and/or reduce Deprivation: % super output 10% than 10% 10% than 10% social exclusion? areas in the 10% most deprived nationally

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Questions Indicator Beneficial (+) Very Beneficial (++) Adverse (-) Very Adverse (--) Barriers to Housing and A reduction of up to A reduction of more An increase of up to An increase of greater Services Deprivation: % 10% than 10% 10% than 10% super output areas in the 10% most deprived nationally SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity Will the plan affect local Number and Area of No Change Any increase N/A Any loss biodiversity? designated County Wildlife Sites SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and distinctiveness of the and landscape Will the plan affect the Green Belt land area No change NA Loss of up to 5% Loss of over 5% landscape character? Area of ancient woodland No change NA Loss of up to 5% Loss of over 5% cover SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Will the plan protect or Overall Water Body Moderate Good assessment N/A N/A enhance water quality? Assessment assessment Chemical Assessment Moderate Good assessment N/A Bad Assessment assessment Biological Assessment Moderate Good assessment N/A N/A assessment Ecological Assessment Moderate Good assessment N/A N/A assessment SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the townscape, heritage assets and their settings Will the plan reduce the No. of Listed Buildings at N/A N/A 1 LB is added to risk More than 1 LB is added number of listed buildings or Risk register to risk register SAMs at risk? No. of Scheduled N/A N/A 1 SM is added to risk More than 1 SM is Monuments (SM) at risk register added to risk register

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Questions Indicator Beneficial (+) Very Beneficial (++) Adverse (-) Very Adverse (--) Will the plan protect historic N/A N/A 1 historic park or More than 1 historic No. of historic parks and parks and gardens? garden is added to park or garden is added gardens at risk risk register to risk register Will the plan affect One fewer No Conservations at 1 more Conservation More than 1 more No. of Conservation Areas at Conservation Areas? Conservation Area risk Area classed as at Conservation Area risk classified as at risk risk classed as at risk SEA9: To contribute to improved health and safety of local communities in Luton Will the plan reduce the A reduction of up to A reduction of more An increase of up to An increase of greater Number of people killed or number of people killed or 10% than 10% 10% than 10% seriously injured in a road seriously injured in road traffic accidents traffic accidents? Will the plan affect human % super output areas in A reduction of up to A reduction of more An increase of up to An increase of greater health? Luton in the 10% most 10% than 10% 10% than 10% health deprived nationally % super output areas in A reduction of up to A reduction of more An increase of up to An increase of greater Luton in the 10% most crime 10% than 10% 10% than 10% deprived nationally Will the plan increase % Active Transport Modes Increase of >5% Increase of <5% Decrease of <5% Decrease of >5% walking and cycling? (walking cycling, public transport) to work (resident population) SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible Will the plan improve public WCBI 02-The condition of 56-60% >60% 50-54% <50% satisfaction with transport pavements assets? WCBI 10-Condition of cycle 59-63% >63% 53-57% <53% routes HMBI 01-Condition of road 49-53% surfaces >53% 42-47% <42%

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Questions Indicator Beneficial (+) Very Beneficial (++) Adverse (-) Very Adverse (--) HMBI 05-Provision of street 70-74% >74% 54-68% <54% Lighting HMBI 09-Maintenance of 53-57% >57% 47-51% <47% highway verges/trees/shrub HMBI 11-Provision of Drains 59-63% >63% 53-57% <53% HMBI 12-Keeping drains 57-61% >61% 51-55% <51% clear and working HMBI 13- Deals with 44-48% >48% 38-42% <38% Potholes and damaged roads

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

APPENDIX D: DRAFT LTP4 POLICY ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS

Policy 1: Mobility as a Service SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The encouragement of a modal shift to sustainable modes of 0/+ transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport should work towards reducing greenhouse gas transport network emissions from transport. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National The encouragement of a modal shift to sustainable modes of 0/+ Air Quality Strategy transport should work towards reducing should work towards reducing air pollution emissions from transport. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 2: Walking and Cycling SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure may 0/+ transport and vulnerability to climate change on the encourage a modal shift and lead to a reduction in greenhouse transport network gas emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National The provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure may 0/+ Air Quality Strategy encourage a modal shift and lead to a reduction in air pollution emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual The provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure may 0/+ intrusion from transport encourage a modal shift and lead to a reduction in noise and vibration from motorised transport sources. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from 0/+ S conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and modal shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on geodiversity biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport AONB infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality Reductions in the use of motorised transport from modal shift 0/+ S in Luton may have secondary beneficial impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings modal shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 2: Walking and Cycling SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment Road safety education should help to reduce the number of + people killed or seriously injured by road traffic accidents. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling of local communities in Luton may lead to an increase in the proportion of people of people using active transport modes to travel to work and school. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 3: Public Rights of Way SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National No significant effect. 0 Air Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Improving access to designated wildlife and conservation sites 0/+ S conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and should help to increase people’s enjoyment, awareness and geodiversity understanding of the importance of conserving biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Improving access to the open countryside should help to increase 0/+ S distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, people’s enjoyment, awareness and understanding of the particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns importance of protecting the countryside. AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings Linking public rights of way to the walking and cycling network 0/+ SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity should help to encourage an increase in the number of people of local communities in Luton walking and cycling, by creating more continuous networks. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport Reviewing the need and effectiveness of gates, stiles and other 0/+ infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible barriers on public rights of way should increase the proportion of public rights of way that are easy to use by the public.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 4: Improving Public Transport SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Public transport improvements should work to encourage a modal 0/+ transport and vulnerability to climate change on the shift away from car use towards bus and train use and therefore transport network reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Public transport improvements should work to encourage a modal 0/+ Air Quality Strategy shift away from car use towards bus and train use and therefore reduce air pollution emissions from transport. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social Large-scale public transport improvements, particularly Park and + exclusion Ride and the Luton-Dunstable Busway extensions, should increase the proportion of the population within 20 minutes of local employment by public transport SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Traffic using the proposed Butterfield Park Park and Ride site near - distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, within or near to the AONB could disrupt the peaceful enjoyment particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns of the AONB. AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Traffic using the proposed Butterfield Park Park and Ride site near 0/- townscape, heritage assets and their settings to Putteridge Bury Historic Park and Garden could adversely affect this heritage asset. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 5: Smarter Choices SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, + transport and vulnerability to climate change on the cycling and public transport should help to reduce greenhouse gas transport network emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, + Air Quality Strategy cycling and public transport should help to reduce air pollution emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, + intrusion from transport cycling and public transport should help to noise and vibration from transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. + exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from 0/+S conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and modal shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on geodiversity biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport AONB infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality Reductions in motorised transport may have secondary beneficial 0/+ S in Luton impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport- related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings modal shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 5: Smarter Choices SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, + SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity cycling and public transport should help to increase the of local communities in Luton proportion of people travelling to work and school via active modes of transport. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 6: Ultra Low Emission and Electric Vehicles SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from This policy will work specifically to reduce greenhouse gas + transport and vulnerability to climate change on the emissions by encouraging low emission vehicles. transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National This policy will work specifically to reduce air pollution emissions + Air Quality Strategy from motorised transport by encouraging low emissions vehicles. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual Encouragement of electric vehicles may help to reduce noise from 0/+ intrusion from transport transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social The introduction and encouragement of car clubs may increase 0/+ exclusion access for those without a car and reduce social exclusion. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reductions in air pollution emissions from transport may have 0/+ S conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity. geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions from transport may have 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 7: Improving Energy Efficiency SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from This policy will work specifically to reduce greenhouse gas + transport and vulnerability to climate change on the emissions by encouraging low emission vehicles and driving transport network practices, as well as low energy street and traffic lighting. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National This policy will work specifically to reduce air pollution emissions + Air Quality Strategy from motorised transport by improving low emissions vehicles and driving practices. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual Encouragement of electric vehicles may help to reduce noise from 0/+ intrusion from transport transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reductions in air pollution emissions from transport may have 0/+ S conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity. geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions from transport may have 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 8: Congestion Priorities SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Measures to reduce congestion may work to help reduce 0/+ transport and vulnerability to climate change on the greenhouse gas emissions, by improving fuel efficiency. transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Measures to reduce congestion should work to help reduce air 0/+ Air Quality Strategy pollution emissions, by improving fuel efficiency. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 9: Highway Improvements SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from This policy looks to make the most of the existing network to +/- transport and vulnerability to climate change on the minimise congestion, which should lead to reductions in transport network greenhouse gas emissions from improved fuel efficiency. However, it does allow for increasing network capacity in certain circumstances, which may lead to increases in greenhouse gas emissions by creating space for new traffic on the network. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National This policy looks to make the most of the existing network to +/- Air Quality Strategy minimise congestion, which should lead to reductions in air pollution emissions from improved fuel efficiency. However, it does allow for increasing network capacity in certain circumstances, which may lead to increases in air pollution emissions by creating space for new traffic on the network. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual This policy allows for increasing network capacity in certain 0/- intrusion from transport circumstances, which may lead to increases in noise, vibration and visual intrusion from transport from increased capacity and new roads. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from + S /- conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and transport may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity. geodiversity However, the possibility of new road building may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from transport may have the + S /-- distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns and countryside. However, the possibility of new road building AONB may lead to loss of greenfield landscape and adversely affect the AONB (particularly the Luton Northern Bypass).

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 9: Highway Improvements SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality New road building may create space for new traffic on the 0/- in Luton network and increase the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the New road building may adversely affect heritage assets. 0/- townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 101: Parking SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Managing long-stay parking may reduce greenhouse gas emissions 0/+/- transport by encouraging more sustainable commuting to work; however, encouraging short-stay trips may increase the number of shorter trips and therefore overall emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Managing long-stay parking may reduce air pollution emissions by 0/+/- Air Quality Strategy encouraging more sustainable commuting to work; however, encouraging short-stay trips may increase the number of shorter trips and therefore overall emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 minimise impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 12: Freight SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The introduction of freight consolidation centres may help to + transport and vulnerability to climate change on the reduce greenhouse gas emissions from HGVs. Delivery time transport network restrictions may also help to reduce emissions by minimising congestion. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National The introduction of freight consolidation centres may help to + Air Quality Strategy reduce air pollution emissions from HGVs. Delivery time restrictions may also help to reduce emissions by minimising congestion. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual The introduction of freight consolidation centres and removal of + intrusion from transport HGV traffic from residential areas may help to reduce noise and vibration from HGVs. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 12: Improving Air Quality SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National This policy works specifically towards ensuring that air pollution + Air Quality Strategy levels stay within “safe” threshold limit values. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reductions in air pollution emissions may have secondary 0/+ S conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and beneficial impacts on biodiversity. geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions may have secondary 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings beneficial impacts on historic buildings. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 13: Noise and Light Pollution and Nuisance SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National No significant effect. 0 Air Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual This policy should work to reduce noise, vibration and light + intrusion from transport pollution from transport and associated transport schemes. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reducing noise, lighting and vibration may have a secondary 0/+S conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and beneficial effect on local wildlife. geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity Reducing noise, lighting and vibration should have a secondary +S of local communities in Luton beneficial effect on health and amenity. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 14: Road Safety Education SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling 0/+ S transport and vulnerability to climate change on the may encourage a modal shift to walking and cycling, coupled with transport network eco-driver training should lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling 0/+ S Air Quality Strategy may encourage a modal shift to walking and cycling, coupled with eco-driver training should lead to a reduction in air pollution emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling 0/+ S intrusion from transport may encourage a modal shift to walking and cycling, coupled with eco-driver training should lead to a reduction in noise and vibration from motorised transport sources. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from 0/+T conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and modal shift may have tertiary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, geodiversity as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+T distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, tertiary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport AONB infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality Reductions in the use of motorised transport from modal shift 0/+T in Luton may have tertiary beneficial impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 14: Road Safety Education SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from 0/+T townscape, heritage assets and their settings modal shift may have tertiary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets. Road safety education should help to reduce the number of + people killed or seriously injured by road traffic accidents. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling of local communities in Luton may lead to an increase in the proportion of people of people using active transport modes to travel to work and school. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 15: Improving the Safety of the Local Community SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Reductions in traffic speeds can sometimes lead to increases in 0/- transport and vulnerability to climate change on the greenhouse gas emissions as fuels burn more inefficiently at lower transport network speeds. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Reductions in traffic speeds can sometimes lead to increases in air 0/- Air Quality Strategy pollution emissions as fuels burn more inefficiently at lower speeds. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings Ensuring compliance with 20mph zones should lead to a reduction + SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity in the number of people killed or seriously injured in these areas. of local communities in Luton It may also encourage people to use more active forms of transport such as walking and cycling in these areas. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 16: Targeted Accident Reduction Measures SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National No significant effect. 0 Air Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings This policy should work specifically towards reducing the number ++ SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of people killed or seriously injured in road traffic accidents. This of local communities in Luton would require significant investment in funding and other resources compared to existing levels. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 17: Highway Maintenance and Safety SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Improving the safety of walking and cycling routes may encourage 0/+ S transport and vulnerability to climate change on the a modal shift to walking and cycling, which may have the transport network secondary beneficial effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Improving the safety of walking and cycling routes may encourage 0/+ S Air Quality Strategy a modal shift to walking and cycling, which may have the secondary beneficial effect of reducing air pollution emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual Improving the safety of walking and cycling routes may encourage 0/+ S intrusion from transport a modal shift to walking and cycling, which may have the secondary beneficial effect of reducing noise and vibration from motorised transport sources. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from 0/+T conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and modal shift may have tertiary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, geodiversity as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+T distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, tertiary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport AONB infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality Reductions in the use of motorised transport from modal shift 0/+T in Luton may have tertiary beneficial impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 17: Highway Maintenance and Safety SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from 0/+T townscape, heritage assets and their settings modal shift may have tertiary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets. Improving skid resistance should help to reduce the number of + people killed or seriously injured from this cause of road traffic SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity accidents. Reducing hazards along walking and cycling routes may of local communities in Luton lead to an increase in the proportion of people of people using active transport modes to travel to work and school. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport This policy will work specifically to improve footpath and road + infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible condition and may also increase the proportion of footpaths easy to use by the public.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 18: Improving the Quality of the Public Realm SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National No significant effect. 0 Air Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the This policy specifically works towards improving the public realm 0/+ townscape, heritage assets and their settings which should positively impact on the character of the townscape and may also enhance heritage assets. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 19: Highway Maintenance and the Public Realm SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National No significant effect. 0 Air Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the This policy specifically works towards improving the public realm 0/+ townscape, heritage assets and their settings which should positively impact on the character of the townscape and may also enhance heritage assets. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 20: Transport and Crime SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Increased street lighting may increase greenhouse gas emissions 0/- transport and vulnerability to climate change on the by increasing energy requirements. transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National No significant effect. 0 Air Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual Increased street lighting may further impact on visual intrusion 0/- intrusion from transport and dark skies. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity This policy should work specifically towards reducing crime 0/+ of local communities in Luton deprivation. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 21: Access to Services and Amenities SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National No significant effect. 0 Air Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social This policy works specifically towards addressing deprivation + exclusion issues by providing improved transport access to healthcare, educational and employment. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity Improved access to healthcare may lead to a reduction in health 0/+ of local communities in Luton deprivation. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport No significant effect. 0 infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Policy 22: Use of the Transport Network by Mobility Impaired People SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National No significant effect. 0 Air Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual No significant effect. 0 intrusion from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. + exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that No significant effect. 0 conserve and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality No significant effect. 0 in Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity No significant effect. 0 of local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport This policy should work specifically towards improving the + infrastructure of Luton to highest standard possible proportion of footpaths that are easy to use by the public.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

APPENDIX E: LTP4 OPTIONS ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS

Option EG1: Public transport improvements SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Passenger transport improvements should work to encourage a modal 0/+ transport shift away from car use towards bus and train use and therefore reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Passenger transport improvements should work to encourage a modal 0/+ Quality Strategy shift away from car use towards bus and train use and therefore reduce air pollution emissions from transport. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social Large-scale passenger transport improvements, particularly Park and + exclusion Ride and the Luton-Dunstable Busway extensions, should increase the proportion of the population within 20 minutes of local employment by public transport SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Park and Ride sites built on land on the periphery of Luton could lead 0/- impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity to a loss of habitat. Traffic using the Park and Ride sites near to the SSSI (such as the proposed sites at the A6 north of Luton and the A505 east of Luton) could disrupt the species of biodiversity from noise, vibration, pollution and increased lighting. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Park and Ride sites built on land on the periphery of Luton could lead 0/- distinctiveness of the landscape to loss of greenfield land. Traffic using the Park and Ride sites near to the AONB (such as the proposed sites at the A6 north of Luton and the A505 east of Luton) could disrupt the peaceful enjoyment of the AONB. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG1: Public transport improvements SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of No significant effect. 0 local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG2: Highway Improvements SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from This option allows for increasing network capacity in certain +/- transport circumstances, which may lead to increases in greenhouse gas emissions by creating space for new traffic on the network. Some of the east-west connectivity improvements may reduce overall mileage and therefore reduce greenhouse gas emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air This option allows for increasing network capacity in certain +/- Quality Strategy circumstances, which may lead to increases in air pollution emissions by creating space for new traffic on the network. Some of the east- west connectivity improvements may reduce overall mileage and therefore reduce air pollution emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion This policy allows for increasing network capacity in certain 0/- from transport circumstances, which may lead to increases in noise, vibration and visual intrusion from transport from increased capacity and new roads. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from + S /- impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity transport may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity. However, the possibility of new road building may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from transport may have the + S /-- distinctiveness of the landscape secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside. However, the possibility of new road building may lead to loss of greenfield landscape and adversely affect the AONB, depending on location.

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG2: Highway Improvements SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton New road building may create space for new traffic on the network 0/- and increase the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the New road building may adversely affect heritage assets and their 0/- townscape, heritage assets and their settings setting, depending on location and proximity. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of No significant effect. 0 local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG3: Urban Traffic Management and Control SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The introduction of intelligent transport systems would likely work to 0/+ transport reduce congestion, making journeys more fuel efficient and therefore reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air The introduction of intelligent transport systems would likely work to 0/+ Quality Strategy reduce congestion, making journeys more fuel efficient and therefore reducing air pollution emissions from transport. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of No significant effect. 0 local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG4: Improved management of roadworks SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The improved management of roadworks may help to work to reduce 0/+ transport congestion hotspots, making journeys more fuel efficient and therefore reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air The improved management of roadworks may help to work to reduce 0/+ Quality Strategy congestion hotspots, making journeys more fuel efficient and therefore reducing air pollution emissions from transport. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG5: Parking SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Managing long-stay parking may reduce greenhouse gas emissions by + transport encouraging more sustainable commuting to work; however, encouraging short-stay trips may increase the number of shorter trips and therefore overall emissions. The introduction of reduced parking charges for low emission vehicles may increase uptake of these cleaner vehicles locally. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Managing long-stay parking may reduce air pollution emissions by +/- Quality Strategy encouraging more sustainable commuting to work; however, encouraging short-stay trips may increase the number of shorter trips and therefore overall emissions. The introduction of reduced parking charges for low emission vehicles may increase uptake of these cleaner vehicles locally. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social Increasing the number and quality of accessible car parking spaces for + exclusion disabled people both on and off-street, particularly in the town centre and adjacent to day centres, hospitals and similar institutions will increase access to facilities and services for the disabled. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise The provision of any new Park and Ride sites built on land on the 0/- impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity periphery of Luton could lead to a loss of habitat. Traffic using the Park and Ride sites near to the SSSI could disrupt the species of biodiversity from noise, vibration, pollution and increased lighting. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Park and Ride sites built on land on the periphery of Luton could lead 0/- distinctiveness of the landscape to loss of greenfield land. Traffic using the Park and Ride sites near to the AONB could disrupt the peaceful enjoyment of the AONB. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG5: Parking SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of No significant effect. 0 local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

103

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG6: Freight SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The introduction of freight consolidation centres may help to reduce + transport greenhouse gas emissions from HGVs. Delivery time restrictions may also help to reduce emissions by minimising congestion. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air The introduction of freight consolidation centres may help to reduce + Quality Strategy air pollution emissions from HGVs. Delivery time restrictions may also help to reduce emissions by minimising congestion. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion The introduction of freight consolidation centres may help to reduce + from transport noise and vibration from HGVs. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

104

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EG7: Gradual disincentives for cars in the Town Centres SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The introduction of disincentives for driving into the Town Centre may + transport encourage the use of more sustainable modes of transport and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air The introduction of disincentives for driving into the Town Centre may + Quality Strategy encourage the use of more sustainable modes of transport and reduce air pollution emissions from transport. The possibility of a Low Emission Zone would improve air quality in that zone. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion The introduction of disincentives for driving into the Town Centre may 0/+ from transport encourage help to reduce noise and vibration in the Town Centre. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the The introduction of disincentives for driving into the Town Centre may 0/+ townscape, heritage assets and their settings help to protect the townscape, heritage assets and their setting. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of A significant reduction in air pollution emissions may help to improve 0/+ local communities in Luton health. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

105

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC1: Role of Planning in the Travel Planning process SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ transport and public transport through travel planning should help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ Quality Strategy and public transport through travel planning should help to reduce air pollution emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ from transport and public transport through travel planning should help to noise and vibration from transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+S impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the landscape secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in motorised transport may have secondary beneficial 0/+ S impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets.

106

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC1: Role of Planning in the Travel Planning process SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ local communities in Luton and public transport should help to increase the proportion of people travelling via active modes of transport. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

107

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC2: Workplace Travel Plans SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + transport and public transport through workplace travel planning should help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + Quality Strategy and public transport through workplace travel planning should help to reduce air pollution emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + from transport and public transport through workplace travel planning should help to noise and vibration from transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social Workplace travel planning measures may help to improve access to 0/+ exclusion and opportunities for work for those without a private car. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+S impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the landscape secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in motorised transport may have secondary beneficial 0/+ S impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets.

108

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC2: Workplace Travel Plans SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + local communities in Luton and public transport should help to increase the proportion of people travelling to work via active modes of transport. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

109

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC3: More Sustainable Travel to Places of Education SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ transport and public transport through school travel planning should help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ Quality Strategy and public transport through school travel planning should help to reduce air pollution emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + from transport and public transport through school travel planning should help to noise and vibration from transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social School travel planning measures may help to improve access to 0/+ exclusion schools and education for vulnerable and socially excluded residents. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+S impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the landscape secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in motorised transport may have secondary beneficial 0/+ S impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets.

110

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC3: More Sustainable Travel to Places of Education SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + local communities in Luton and public transport should help to increase the proportion of people travelling to school via active modes of transport. The introduction of school focused road safety measures may also help to reduce the number of people killed or seriously injured in road traffic accidents, particularly children, in and around schools. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

111

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC4: Personal travel plans SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + transport and public transport through personal travel planning should help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + Quality Strategy and public transport through personal travel planning should help to reduce air pollution emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + from transport and public transport through personal travel planning should help to noise and vibration from transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social Personal travel planning measures may help to improve access to key 0/+ exclusion services and facilities for those without access to a private car. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+S impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the landscape secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in motorised transport may have secondary beneficial 0/+ S impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets.

112

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC4: Personal travel plans SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling + local communities in Luton and public transport should help to increase the proportion of people travelling via active modes of transport. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC5: Rail station travel plans SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ transport and public transport to access rail stations should help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and may help to increase rail travel. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ Quality Strategy and public transport to access rail stations should help to reduce air pollution emissions and may help to increase rail travel. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ from transport and public transport to access rail stations may help to noise and vibration from transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+S impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the landscape secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in motorised transport may have secondary beneficial 0/+ S impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Encouraging a modal shift away from car use towards walking, cycling 0/+ local communities in Luton and public transport should help to increase the proportion of people travelling to rail stations via active modes of transport. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC6: More energy efficient vehicles SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from This policy will work specifically to reduce greenhouse gas emissions + transport by encouraging low emission vehicles. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air This policy will work specifically to reduce air pollution emissions from + Quality Strategy motorised transport by encouraging low emission vehicles. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Electric vehicles have a significantly lower noise profile than 0/+ from transport conventional vehicles and an increase in the use of electric vehicles should help to reduce noise from transport. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social The introduction of car clubs may help to improve access (by car) to 0/+ exclusion services and facilities, particularly for those who may not be able to afford a car. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions from transport may have 0/+ S impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in conventionally fuelled transport may have secondary 0/+ S beneficial impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Reductions in air pollution emissions from the use of low emissions 0/+ local communities in Luton vehicles may help to improve health. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option CC7: Adaptation to the impacts of climate change SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from This option works specifically to ensure that the vulnerability of the + transport Luton transport network to climate change impacts is minimised through a maintenance regime. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air No significant effect. 0 Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of No significant effect. 0 local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure This policy will help to ensure that weather-related road maintenance 0/+ of Luton to highest standard possible is programmed accordingly.

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EO1: Improve accessibility by walking and cycling SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure may 0/+ transport encourage a modal shift and lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air The provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure may 0/+ Quality Strategy encourage a modal shift and lead to a reduction in air pollution emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion The provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure may 0/+ from transport encourage a modal shift and lead to a reduction in noise and vibration from motorised transport sources. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the landscape secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in the use of motorised transport from modal shift may 0/+ S have secondary beneficial impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets.

117

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EO1: Improve accessibility by walking and cycling SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Road safety education should help to reduce the number of people + local communities in Luton killed or seriously injured by road traffic accidents. Delivery of improved crossing facilities should also help to improve road safety for pedestrians and cyclists. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EO2: Enhancing Public Rights of Way SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air No significant effect. 0 Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Improving access to designated wildlife and conservation sites should 0/+ S impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity help to increase people’s enjoyment, awareness and understanding of the importance of conserving biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Improving access to the open countryside should help to increase 0/+ S distinctiveness of the landscape people’s enjoyment, awareness and understanding of the importance of protecting the countryside. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Linking public rights of way to the walking and cycling network should 0/+ local communities in Luton help to encourage an increase in the number of people walking and cycling, by creating more continuous networks. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure Reviewing the need and effectiveness of gates, stiles and other 0/+ of Luton to highest standard possible barriers on public rights of way should increase the proportion of public rights of way that are easy to use by the public.

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option EO3: Enhanced public transport information SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Public information improvements may help to encourage a modal shift 0/+ transport away from car use towards bus and train use and therefore reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transport. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Public information improvements may help to encourage a modal shift 0/+ Quality Strategy away from car use towards bus and train use and therefore reduce air pollution emissions from transport. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social Reducing barriers to accessing public transport for disabled people + exclusion should help to increase access to services and facilities. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

120

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option SS1: Safer and Better Roads SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Improving the safety of walking and cycling routes may encourage a 0/+ S transport modal shift to walking and cycling, which may have the secondary beneficial effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Improving the safety of walking and cycling routes may encourage a 0/+ S Quality Strategy modal shift to walking and cycling, which may have the secondary beneficial effect of reducing air pollution emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Improving the safety of walking and cycling routes may encourage a 0/+ S from transport modal shift to walking and cycling, which may have the secondary beneficial effect of reducing noise and vibration from motorised transport sources. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social Prioritising road safety engineering measures based on deprivation 0/+ exclusion and social exclusion may help to improve access for vulnerable groups to services and facilities. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+T impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have tertiary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+T distinctiveness of the landscape tertiary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in the use of motorised transport from modal shift may 0/+T have tertiary beneficial impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage.

121

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option SS1: Safer and Better Roads SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+T townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have tertiary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of The delivery of road safety engineering measures should help to + local communities in Luton reduce the number of people killed or seriously injured from this cause of road traffic accidents. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

122

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option SS2: Improving Driver and Rider Behaviour SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling may 0/+ S transport encourage a modal shift to walking and cycling, coupled with eco- driver training should lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling may 0/+ S Quality Strategy encourage a modal shift to walking and cycling, coupled with eco- driver training should lead to a reduction in air pollution emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling may 0/+ S from transport encourage a modal shift to walking and cycling, coupled with eco- driver training should lead to a reduction in noise and vibration from motorised transport sources. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+T impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have tertiary beneficial impacts on biodiversity, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+T distinctiveness of the landscape tertiary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and countryside, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the landscape. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton Reductions in the use of motorised transport from modal shift may 0/+T have tertiary beneficial impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage.

123

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option SS2: Improving Driver and Rider Behaviour SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+T townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have tertiary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Road safety education should help to reduce the number of people + local communities in Luton killed or seriously injured by road traffic accidents. Improving the perception of safety barriers to walking and cycling may lead to an increase in the proportion of people of people using active transport modes to travel to work and school. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

124

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option SS3: Speed Management SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Reductions in traffic speeds can sometimes lead to increases in 0/- transport greenhouse gas emissions as fuels burn more inefficiently at lower speeds. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Reductions in traffic speeds can sometimes lead to increases in air 0/- Quality Strategy pollution emissions as fuels burn more inefficiently at lower speeds. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Speed management measures should lead to a reduction in the + local communities in Luton number of people killed or seriously injured in these areas. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option SS4: Enforcement of irresponsible road use SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Enforcement of illegal parking may reduce congestion and lead to 0/+S transport secondary reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Enforcement of illegal parking may reduce congestion and lead to 0/+S Quality Strategy secondary reductions in air pollution emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Enforcement of traffic laws (e.g. speeding, along with driving in bus 0/+ local communities in Luton lanes, when not wearing seatbelts or when using mobile phone) all of which are irresponsible road use, together with illegal stopping and parking, should help to reduce the number of people killed or seriously injured in road traffic accidents. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

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Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option SS5: Community Safety SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Increased street lighting may increase greenhouse gas emissions by 0/- transport increasing energy requirements. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air No significant effect. 0 Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Increased street lighting may further impact on visual intrusion and 0/- from transport dark skies. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise No significant effect. 0 impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of This option should work specfically towards reducing crime 0/+ local communities in Luton deprivation. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

127

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option QL1: Reducing the environmental impact of transport schemes SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from The use of Sustainable Drainage Systems should have the secondary 0/+ S transport beneficial effect of improving drainage and therefore minimising flood risk and the vulnerability of the transport network to climate change impacts. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air No significant effect. 0 Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Consideration of noise impacts and light pollution from new transport 0/+ from transport schemes should help to minimise any negative impacts. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise This option should work specifically to protect and enhance + impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity biodiversity by ensuring that transport schemes avoid damage to sensitive and important nature conservation areas where possible, and compensate for any unavoidable effects by encouraging the creation of new habitats and linkages for biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and This option should work specifically to protect and enhance the + distinctiveness of the landscape landscape by minimising the impacts of transport on protected landscapes, particularly the quiet enjoyment of the Chilterns AONB. SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton This option should work specifically to protect and enhance water + quality by ensuring that new transport infrastructure is designed to minimise the possible impact of stormwater run-off on water courses and implement Sustainable Drainage Systems in order to reduce flood risk as well as minimising diffuse pollution and maintaining natural flow regimes.

128

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option QL1: Reducing the environmental impact of transport schemes SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the This option should work specifically to maintain the integrity of + townscape, heritage assets and their settings heritage assets by avoiding damage to sensitive and important areas of archaeological interest and heritage conservation (including listed buildings) SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of No significant effect. 0 local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

129

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option QL2: Improving the quality of the local environment SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air No significant effect. 0 Quality Strategy SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social The use of more accessible materials in transport schemes should + exclusion improve accessibility to access and services. SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise An increase in the number of trees in the area may help to provide 0/+ impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity additional habitat for local wildlife. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the This option specifically works towards improving the public realm 0/+ townscape, heritage assets and their settings which should positively impact on the character of the townscape and may also enhance heritage assets. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of No significant effect. 0 local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

130

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option QL3: Improved management and maintenance of highway assets SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment Prioritised footway and cycleway maintenance may help to encourage 0/+ a modal shift to walking and cycling, leading to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Prioritised footway and cycleway maintenance may help to encourage 0/+ Quality Strategy a modal shift to walking and cycling, leading to a reduction in air pollution emissions. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion The introduction of low noise surfacing in sensitive areas should help + from transport to reduce noise and vibration. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that minimise An increase in green verge space and maintenance should help to + impacts on Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity provide additional habitats for local wildlife. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the landscape SEA7: To protect and enhance water quality in Luton No significant effect. 0

SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the No significant effect. 0 townscape, heritage assets and their settings SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of No significant effect. 0 local communities in Luton SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure This policy specifically works towards improving road, cycleway and + of Luton to highest standard possible footway condition.

131

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option QL4: Enable and promote further active travel and leisure opportunities SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from Encouragement for active travel modes, such as walking and cycling, 0/+ transport and vulnerability to climate change on the may lead to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from motorised transport network transport sources. SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air Encouragement for active travel modes, such as walking and cycling, 0/+ Quality Strategy may lead to a reduction in air pollution emissions from motorised transport sources. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion Encouragement for active travel modes, such as walking and cycling, 0/+ from transport may lead to a reduction in noise and vibration from motorised transport sources. SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that conserve Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and Reductions in noise and vibration from modal shift may have the 0/+ S distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, secondary benefit of promoting the quiet enjoyment of the AONB and particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB countryside. SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality in Reductions in the use of motorised transport from modal shift may 0/+ S Luton have secondary beneficial impacts on water quality by reducing the amount of transport-related pollutants (such as motor oil) from entering the waterways through runoff and road drainage. SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions, noise and vibration from modal 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings shift may have secondary beneficial impacts on historic buildings, as well as reducing the need for new transport infrastructure which may adversely affect the heritage assets. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Reductions in air pollution emissions from modal shift may lead to 0/+ local communities in Luton improved health outcomes, particularly in AQMAs.

132

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option QL4: Enable and promote further active travel and leisure opportunities SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

133

Luton Local Transport Plan 4: SEA Draft Environmental Report (July 2020)

Option QL5: Managing air quality aspects of transport SEA Objective Description of Effects Assessment SEA1: To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from No significant effect. 0 transport and vulnerability to climate change on the transport network SEA2: To improve air quality in line with the National Air This policy works specifically towards ensuring that air pollution levels + Quality Strategy stay within “safe” threshold limit values. SEA3: To minimise noise, vibration and visual intrusion No significant effect. 0 from transport SEA4: To improve accessibility and reduce social No significant effect. 0 exclusion SEA5: To implement transport solutions that conserve Reductions in air pollution emissions may have secondary beneficial 0/+ S and enhance Luton’s biodiversity and geodiversity impacts on biodiversity. SEA6: To protect and enhance the quality and No significant effect. 0 distinctiveness of the countryside and landscape, particularly protected assets such as the Chilterns AONB SEA7: To protect and enhance water and soil quality in No significant effect. 0 Luton SEA8: To maintain and enhance the character of the Reductions in air pollution emissions may have secondary beneficial 0/+ S townscape, heritage assets and their settings impacts on historic buildings. SEA9: To contribute to improved health and amenity of Actions to reduce air pollution impacts should help to improve health + local communities in Luton and wellbeing in areas suffering from air pollution problems. SEA10: To maintain the physical transport infrastructure No significant effect. 0 of Luton to highest standard possible

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ENDNOTES – DATA SOURCES

1 As an urban area, soil quality is less relevant to Luton than in more rural areas. 2 DECC, Emissions of carbon dioxide for Local Authority Areas, 2018 (June 2020). 3 Campaign to Protect Rural England, 2006 4 MHCLG, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2019 5 MHCLG, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2019 6 Natural england, 2020 7 Natural England, 2020 8 Natural England 2020 9 Natural England 2020 10 Natural England 2020 11Luton Borough Council, https://www.luton.gov.uk/environment/land_and_premises/conservation/pages/conservation1 .aspx 12 Natural England, 2020 13 Natural England, 2020 14 MHCLG, Local Planning Authority Green Belt Statistics: England 2018/19

15 Environment Agency, River Catchment Data, 2016

16 Historic England, Heritage At Risk 17 Historic England, Heritage At Risk 18 Historic England, Heritage At Risk 19 Historic England, Heritage At Risk 20 MHCLG, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2019 21 MHCLG, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2019 22 MHCLG, Indices of Multiple Deprivation, 2019

23 DfT, Reported Road Casualties Great Britain Annual Report 2018 24 Luton Public Health Intelligence Team, Diabetes Health Needs Assessment Luton Borough

Council, 2016.

25 Census 2011

26 Luton National Highways and Travel Survey, 2019. xxvii NI186, 2007