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Porelbiendelimperio Fontana3.Pdf JoseP Fontana Por el bien del imPerio Una historia del mundo desde 1945 PRESENTE & PASADO 001-502 Bien imperio.indd 5 11/10/2011 17:41:47 ÍNDICE Introducción ......................................... 9 1. De una guerra a otra. 25 El precio de la derrota: el castigo de los dirigentes . 25 Las consecuencias de la derrota: los sufrimientos de la población civil. 33 Los primeros pasos de la paz: Yalta y Potsdam . 35 Los orígenes del enfrentamiento: los proyectos norteamericano y soviético. .PRESENTE . 45 El nuevo mapa europeo. 51 El camino hacia la guerra fría& . 56 Las primeras batallas . 66 La situación de Europa y el Plan Marshall . 68 La creación de una nueva estructura de defensa . 72 La crisis de Berlín y el nacimiento de la OTAN . 79 2. La primera fase de la guerra fría (1949-1953) . 85 La guerra fría como instrumento de control social. 92 ElPASADO pánico rojo en los Estados Unidos . 96 El caso Alger Hiss . 104 El apogeo de la caza de brujas: el macartismo. 107 La persecución del enemigo interior en el bando soviético . 113 La guerra fría cultural . 125 3. Asia: la destrucción de los imperios. 133 La ocupación de Japón . 133 Guerra civil y revolución en China. 136 011-111978-Bien imperio 977-1024.indd 1017 27/09/13 13:45 1018 por el bien del imperio La destrucción de los imperios . 145 El abandono de la India. 148 Las reconquistas frustradas: Indonesia . 154 La guerra de Corea . 156 Las reconquistas frustradas: Indochina. 167 La colonia salvada: Malasia. 178 La cuestión de Palestina y el ascenso del nacionalismo árabe . 181 4. Una coexistencia armada (1953-1960). 191 La muerte de Stalin . 191 Los herederos del imperio. 196 La presidencia de Eisenhower. 202 Las negociaciones de paz y de desarme. 208 Las operaciones encubiertas: Irán. 211 Las operaciones encubiertas: Guatemala y Cuba . 216 La crisis de 1956: Hungría. 223 La crisis de 1956: Suez. 230 La doctrina Eisenhower y los problemas del Oriente Próximo . .PRESENTE . 236 El proyecto político y social de Jrushchov . 240 El fin de un proyecto de coexistencia& pacífica. 245 Los años finales del mandato de Eisenhower . 250 5. La escalada (1960-1968). 255 John F. Kennedy . 255 El cerco a Cuba . 257 La cuestión de Berlín . 261 Una nueva política de defensa. 263 LaPASADO crisis de los misiles cubanos . 265 La lucha por los derechos civiles. 272 La tragedia de Vietnam . 274 Las dificultades de la distensión . 282 El asesinato . 285 La caída de Jrushchov . 286 La presidencia de Johnson . 289 El trágico verano de 1964 . 292 La «Gran sociedad». 300 La guerra de los Seis Días . 302 011-111978-Bien imperio 977-1024.indd 1018 27/09/13 13:45 índice 1019 La escalada en Vietnam. 312 El fin de la presidencia de Johnson . 322 6. África: el «viento del cambio» . 325 Las primeras independencias . 326 La guerra de Argelia . 330 Los antecedentes de la independencia del África Subsahariana . 337 El modelo británico: las independencias controladas . 342 El modelo francés: la Françafrique . 348 El Congo belga . 353 Las colonias portuguesas. 360 Los conflictos étnicos . 363 El régimen de apartheid en África del Sur. 370 7. Las revoluciones frustradas de los años sesenta . 373 La revolución de los estudiantes . 376 La lucha por los derechos civiles en los Estados Unidos . 385 El comienzo de la era Brézhnev y la primavera de Praga . .PRESENTE . 389 La revolución cultural de los& sesenta . 397 8. La guerra fría en Asia. 407 El fracaso de la utopía maoísta . 408 Indonesia: la dictadura de Suharto . 415 La «revolución cultural» china . 420 India y Pakistán: la crisis de 1971 y la emergencia . 427 El milagro asiático: Japón y los «cuatro tigres» . 435 China: el reflujo (1968-1976) . 444 PASADO 9. La distensión (1969-1976) . 451 Richard M. Nixon . 451 Los problemas internos: crisis económica e inquietud social . 455 La distensión y la «doctrina Nixon» . 459 La aproximación a China . 467 El fin de la guerra de Vietnam. 471 Watergate . 483 La guerra del Yom Kippur . 488 011-111978-Bien imperio 977-1024.indd 1019 27/09/13 13:45 1020 por el bien del imperio La caída de Nixon . 495 Oriente Próximo después de la «guerra de octubre» . 498 10. La guerra fría en América Latina . 503 Las guerras de América Central . 509 México: el precio de la estabilidad. 516 Los países andinos. 520 Economía política de la droga. 528 Las dictaduras del Cono Sur . 531 Brasil . 532 Uruguay . 535 Chile . 536 Argentina. 544 El fracaso del centrismo . 550 El giro a la izquierda . 557 11. Los años setenta: el inicio de la «gran divergencia» 563 En el inicio de la «gran divergencia». 565 Gerald Ford. 569 La presidencia de Carter . .PRESENTE . 575 Una nueva política exterior. 576 Crisis de la economía e involución& social . 581 La revolución iraní . 585 Afganistán . 591 La reactivación de la guerra fría . 597 El fin de la era Brézhnev . 600 12. La contrarrevolución conservadora . 605 Ronald Reagan . 609 ReaganomicsPASADO . 614 Las últimas batallas de la guerra fría . 619 La tragedia del Líbano. 624 Las operaciones encubiertas . 629 La guerra entre Irak e Irán . 631 La Operación Irán-contra. 636 La trampa afgana. ..
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