Appendix C: Roman Public Monuments in the Late Antique West
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Appendix C: Roman Public Monuments in the Late Antique West The tables in this appendix present the data collected in this provides at least the name of the structure, the city, the cen- study on the lives and afterlives of Roman public buildings. tury and date (if the date is not specified beyond late antique, These data are broken down into building type (Tables 1–16 ‘L A’ will be noted), a note and the source of the information. cover baths, 17–20 aqueducts, 21–34 spectacle buildings), Tables that present new building have the size of the build- region (Italy, Gaul, Spain and North Africa), and finally build- ing, and both new building and repairs add the patron of the ing phase (new construction, repair and restoration works, works and his title (if known). The name of the ancient city still in use and disused). Tables 35–36 present the collected is either provided in the building name, or if the structure is instances of reuse, divided by building type. Each table already named, in parentheses in the ‘city’ column. Table c.� New baths in Late Antique Italy Building City Century— Patron Size Notes Reference Date Baths of the Ostia Second half 660 m2 Baths were built up against a wall Poccardi (2006) 177; Philosopher of the 3rd from ca.250, providing t.p.q. Date Boersma (1985) 46 (maybe 4th) is provided by the masonry, which is fairly regular, with little reused material and good mortar. Baths of Ostia 3rd–4th ca.200 m2 These were expanded from a Turci (2014) Musiciolus 2nd c. balneum. Dating based on masonry style and mortar quality. Hercules Baths Milan 3rd–4th Maximian 14,500 m2 This was a large bath complex Jouffroy (1986) 167 286–305 in the eastern section of the city, called the Hercules baths by Ausonius (Ordo nob. urb. 5.41). Baths of Rome First half of Diocletian 140,600 m2 Baths are only partly preserved. CIL 6.1130=31242; Diocletian 4th (38,750 w/o They are known from drawings by SHA Prob. 2.1; 298–305/6 palaestra) Anonymous Destailleur. Chronography of 354 1.148M; Not. Rom. VI Baths of Rome First half of Constantine 18–19,000 m2 Almost nothing is preserved, but Not. Rom. VI; Nielsen Constantine 4th (9,000 w/o they are known from drawings by (1990) 2.4 315 palaestra) Palladio. Grandi Termi or Aquileia First half of Constantine 20,000 m2 ? The size comes from Rubinich Rubinich (2011); Constantinian 4th (2011). Some excavations on the Reiß (2001); Baths 306–37 site throughout the 20th c. Unclear Rubinich (2012) if this is an ex novo construction or simply a major reconstruction. Constantine is noted as the patron in an inscription (AE (1996) 694; AE (2001) 1008 or see Reiß (2001). Valesio Torchiarolo First half of 632 m2 These were probably not public, Boersma (1995) 123 Baths 4th nor urban. Connected to the mansio on the road between Lecce and Brindisi called Mutatio Valentia. Ceramic evidence provides the date. Baths in the Piazza First half of 1,100 m2 These were likely private, and not Nielsen (1990) 2.10 Imperial Villa Armerina 4th urban like the others here. But it 320–40 is an important site, especially for the well-preserved mosaics. Constantinian Treglia First half of Constantine The inscription is fragmentary, but CIL 10.4559; Fagan Baths (Trebula) 4th ? refers to the baths from the time of (1999) 275 Constantine. Baths in Horreum Ostia 4th ? ca.100–200 m2 This very small baths were Poccardi (2006) 178 installed into a Hadrianic horreum. Dated on masonry (opus vittatum) characteristics. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���9 | doi:��.��63/9789004390539_0�� Douglas Underwood - 9789004390539 Downloaded from Brill.com09/24/2021 09:07:04AM via free access �0� Appendix Table c.� New baths in Late Antique Italy (cont.) Building City Century— Patron Size Notes Reference Date Baths Asolo/ Second half Valentius An inscription notes “balneum AE (1972) 202; Asola? of 4th: Baebianus a solo fecit” but no significant Fagan (1999) 298 376 Junior remains of baths are known from there. Fagan lists the name as Asola, but this city in Lombardy does not seem to have existed in antiquity. Asolo (ancient Acelum) in the Veneto seems like a better option. Terme Catania 4th–5th Currently Only 10 rooms remain, which Wilson (1990) 93 dell’Indirizzo (Catina) preserved were incorporated into S. Maria sections: ca.400 dell’Indirizzo convent. m2 Baths in Domus Ostia 4th–5th ca.250 m2 These were built into a corner of Poccardi (2006) 178 dei Dioscuri a 2nd c. house. Poccardi suggests they were private, because they could only be accessed through the house. Byzantine Baths Ostia 4th–5th 1000–1200 m2 These were built on an earlier Nielsen (1990) 2.6; 390–425 domus. Dated on masonry style. Heres (1982) 511–15 Terme di via Ostia Second half 200 m2 These are the smallest public Nielsen (1990) 2.6; della Foce (Small of 5th baths at Ostia. Dated on masonry Heres (1982) 434 Baths) 450–500 style. Baths at Ticinum Pavia 5th–6th Theoderic Excerpta Valesiana says “item Excerpta Valesiana Ticino […] thermas fecit.” An 2.71; CIL 5.6418=ILS inscription found there notes 829 Athalaric. It is unclear if the use of fecit indicates a new construction or simply some repair or restoration carried out on an older building. Baths Verona 5th–6th Theoderic Anonymous Valesianus says “item Excerpta Valesiana Veronae thermas […] fecit.” It is 2.71 unclear if the use of fecit indicates a new construction or simply some repair or restoration carried out on an older building. Table c.� Bath repair and restoration work in Late Antique Italy Building City Century—Date Patron Notes Reference Venusia Baths Venosa 3rd–4th New mosaics were laid. Nielsen (1990) 2.8 Double Baths at Fossombrone 3rd–4th Minor rebuilding occurred. Nielsen (1990) 2.9 Forum Sempronii Baths in Region IV Tindari 3rd–4th Small baths (530 m2) were Nielsen (1990) (Tyndaris) installed in a larger insula in 2nd 2.11; Coarelli and c. Restored in this era, but no Torelli (1984) 388 details provided. Cinquecento Baths Rome 3rd–4th There is evidence for blocked Hubert (2007) doorways, which suggest a 130; Meneghini change in layout or function. and Santangeli Valenzani (1996) 59–60 Lavinium Baths Practica di Mare 3rd–4th Constantine The emperor was named in Jouffroy (1986) unedited inscription. 165 Douglas Underwood - 9789004390539 Downloaded from Brill.com09/24/2021 09:07:04AM via free access Appendix �03 Table c.� Bath repair and restoration work in Late Antique Italy (cont.) Building City Century—Date Patron Notes Reference Severan Baths Castelporziano First half of 4th Several retaining walls were put Claridge (1985) in to support the vault. The large 71ff hot-water pool was removed and replaced with two smaller basins. Baths of Agrippa Rome First half of 4th Constantius and An inscription notes restoration. CIL 6.1165 Constans Very little of the building is preserved, so little is known about these phases. Central Baths (Terme Porto Torres First half of 4th This complex is poorly Nielsen (1990) del ‘Palazzo di Re (Turris Libisonis) preserved. 2.18 Barbaro’) Baths of Neptune Ostia First half of 4th There was significant Poccardi (2006) reconstruction. A new caldarium 171; Heres (1978) installed inside a previous 103 frigidarium, reusing elements of the previous heating system. New rooms were added to the back of the complex. These works are dated from Constantinian-era brickstamps in the suspensurae of the new heated room. Baths Amiternum First half of 4th Anonymous patron These were restored after a long AE (1937) 119; 325 period of disuse at the expense Ward-Perkins of the patron of the town. (1984) 20 Winter Baths Otricoli First half of 4th C. Cluvius Martinus Restored by two local CIL 11.4095=ILS (Oriculum) 341 and M. Caesolius magistrates. 5696; CIL 11.4096; Saturninus Ward-Perkins (1984) 20 Unnamed Baths Ostia First half of 4th Constantius and The inscription notes that CIL 14.135 340–350 Constans restoration took place for “[therm]as incuria longi temporis destituta[s].” Baths of Mithras Ostia First half of 4th Major rebuilding and Poccardi (2006) redecorating took place, 170; Heres (1982) including two new apses, door- 437–33 blockings and reconfigured walls. This is dated on masonry style. Herdonia Baths Ordona 4th? Walls constructed in a late Volpe (2006) 565 After 346? masonry style were found in the complex. These may be repairs following from an earthquake in the region that is dated to 346. Severan (?) Baths Lago Patria First half of 4th ? Virius Audentius The inscription relates to the CIL 10.3714 (Liternum) Before 383 Aemilianus; movement of a statue from a supervised hidden place to the ‘thronged by Tannonius Severan baths’. Chrysantius Baths of Caracalla Rome 4th The baths were redecorated. Chronography of 354 1.148; Nielsen (1990) 2.3 Small Baths Nora 4th New mosaics were laid. Nielsen (1990) 2.18 Baths of Venus Lago Patria 4th (probably Domitius The inscription notes that the ILS 5693; Fagan (Liternum) second half) Severianus; carried governor of Campania rebuilt (1999) 245 out by Sentius the baths damaged by age, and Marsus that the work was carried out by the curator of Capua, Liternum and Cumae. Douglas Underwood - 9789004390539 Downloaded from Brill.com09/24/2021 09:07:04AM via free access �04 Appendix Table c.� Bath repair and restoration work in Late Antique Italy (cont.) Building City Century—Date Patron Notes Reference Interamna Lirenas Pignataro 4th ? Marcus Sentius An inscription commemorates CIL 10.5348; Baths Interamna Crispinus this local magistrate and Ward-Perkins benefactor, who restored the (1984) 20 baths.