DOCSLIB.ORG

The Gambia June 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Gambia June 2016 Livelihood zone descriptions LIVELIHOOD ZONE MAP FOR THE GAMBIA The present document has been produced with the collaboration of the European Union. The contents of the document are the responsibility of its author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union. Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ 3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 5 ZONE GA01: Western fruits and vegetables zone ........................................................................ 12 ZONE GA02: North western groundnuts and early millet zone ..................................................... 15 ZONE GA03: Central early millet, groundnut and livestock zone .................................................. 18 ZONE GA04: Eastern late millet, maize, groundnut and livestock zone ......................................... 21 ZONE GA05: Central rice belt zone .............................................................................................. 24 ZONE GA06: Ocean fishing, fish trade and tourism zone .............................................................. 27 ZONE GA07: Western rain-fed rice and river fishing zone ............................................................ 31 ZONE GA08: South western forest products and late millet zone ................................................. 34 ANNEX 1 – LIST OF PARTICIPANTS............................................................................................... 37 ANNEX 2 – LIST OF DISTRICTS BY LIVELIHOOD ZONE AND ESTIMATED POPULATION .................... 39 The Gambia livelihood zone profiling 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This exercise was conducted under the aegis of the Regional Centre for Training and Applications in Agro-meteorology and Operational Hydrology (AGRHYMET), a specialized institution of the CILSS (the Permanent Inter-State Committee for the Fight against Drought in the Sahel), and the Ministry of Agriculture of The Gambia. The exercise is part of the ECOWAS programme to strengthen information systems in the sub-region as part of the operationalization of the Regional Food Security Reserve with financial support from the European Union. Mr. Bakary KS Sanyang, head of the Planning Service Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture and Chair of the ECOAGRIS Technical Committee (ETC), is to be thanked for his excellent cooperation, especially in the organization of the workshop and his identification and involvement of an appropriate number of high grade participants from the five administrative regions as well as from Greater Banjul Area, and for manifold logistical arrangements. A special thank you goes to the participants themselves, for taking a very active and enthusiastic role in the workshop held during the month of Ramadan and for engaging in meaningful discussions, providing quality information for a coherent outcome. The zoning exercise was facilitated by Miss Nora Lecumberri of The Food Economy Group (FEG Consulting), consultant specialising in HEA, with the support of Mr. Youssouf Kane, HEA expert from the AGRHYMET Regional Centre (CRA). The Gambia livelihood zone profiling 3 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AGRHYMET Centre Régional de Formation et d’Applications en Agrométéorologie et Hydrologie Opérationnelles (Regional Centre for Training and Applications in Agro- meteorology and Operational Hydrology) CEDEAO Communauté Economique Des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (ECOWAS - Economic Community Of West African States) CILSS Comité permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Sécheresse dans le Sahel (Permanent Inter-State Committee for the Fight against Drought in the Sahel) ECOAGRIS ECOWAS Agricultural Regional Information System (Système Régional Intégré d’Information Agricole de la CEDEAO) EDF European Development Fund ETC ECOAGRIS Technical Committee FEG The Food Economy Group GGC Gambia Groundnut Corporation ha Hectare HEA Household Economy Analysis mm Millimetre The Gambia livelihood zone profiling 4 INTRODUCTION Since 2014, the Regional Centre for Training and Applications in Agro-meteorology and Operational Hydrology (AGRHYMET), a specialized agency of the Permanent Interstate Committee for the Fight against Drought in the Sahel (CILSS) implements the extension phase (2014-2019) of the ECOWAS Integrated Regional Agricultural Information System named "ECOAGRIS". This program, which is an initiative of ECOWAS and its partner institutions, is financed by the European Union within the framework of the 10th European Development Fund (EDF) regional program for the operationalization of the Regional Food Security Reserve. The ECOAGRIS project's overall objective is to "strengthen information systems at local, national and regional level to meet the information requirements for monitoring food and nutrition and for vulnerability analyses in order to support decision making and to anticipate food crises and better target intervention areas”. Considering the above, the project has two specific objectives that are: . To strengthen national and regional information systems on food and nutrition security; . To improve the quality of information to help decision making for a better response to food and nutrition crises in CILSS and ECOWAS member countries. The ECOAGRIS component has a strategic focus on the implementation and strengthening of national information systems on food and nutrition security of the countries covered by the component, through the implementation of the Household Economy Analysis (HEA) tool. In doing so, ECOAGRIS wishes to continue to strengthen the progress made by the regional HEA project led by Save the Children International since 2008. It is within this context that a national workshop for the mapping of livelihood zones in The Gambia was held from the 13th to the 17th June 2016 in Banjul, under the aegis of the Planning Services Unit, Department of Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture. The activity aimed to improve the understanding of rural livelihoods and to identify vulnerabilities to shocks according to geographical locations, thereby constituting a sampling frame for future analyses based on livelihoods. The present report presents the findings of the zoning workshop, including both the national zoning map accompanied by detailed descriptions of each zone and an account of the mapping process followed during the workshop. THE METHODOLOGY The Household Economy Approach defines a “livelihood zone” as a geographical area where households rely on the same means - production systems and access to markets - to meet their life and livelihood needs, particularly their food and cash income. The mapping of livelihood zones is the first step of the HEA analytical framework. This step includes a division of homogeneous "access areas" (access to food and income-generating activities) and the description of said zones. The descriptions offer preliminary information on the geographical characteristics of each zone and the main sources of food and income, with some distinction between poorer and wealthier households. Seasonal calendars present the timing of production and market activities by zone, and separate food and income access calendars focus on the livelihoods of the poorer households. A list of the most common The Gambia livelihood zone profiling 5 food risks affecting each zone and the common coping strategies used by local households are also included in the descriptions. In the following steps of the analytical framework HEA, these “access areas” form the sampling frame for subsequent baseline field studies that include (a) a socio-economic breakdown of the population within the zone and (b) a quantification of the typical sources of food and income, as well as the main expenses for each wealth group. These baselines then constitute reference databases which food security seasonal assessments (at national and regional levels) can refer to. Analysts can have access to the tools needed to make predicative analyses of food security for the year to come (the HEA "Outcome Analysis" tool)1. Livelihood zoning offers a particular view of economic geography associated with Household Economy Analysis (HEA), a widely used methodology for the assessment of food security with reference to whole livelihoods in their various geographical contexts. The boundaries of different rural economies do not generally coincide with administrative boundaries, but government and agency activities generally do. Therefore the livelihood zones map is always seen with administrative units superimposed, so that populations can be identified both by livelihood zone and by their administrative location. The livelihood maps and descriptions thus form part of the knowledge base for food security assessment on a national level. In themselves they do not provide a complete system for food security monitoring or analysis, but they establish a geographical, livelihoods framework for assessing periodic shocks, so that monitoring data on production, prices and other indicators can be considered in a logical and informed manner to allow some estimates of effects and to plan responses. When associated with full HEA baseline information and scenario modelling they are part of a more complete system of analysis. But in the meantime,
Recommended publications
  • Gambia Parliamentary Elections, 6 April 2017

    Gambia Parliamentary Elections, 6 April 2017

    EUROPEAN UNION ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION FINAL REPORT The GAMBIA National Assembly Elections 6 April 2017 European Union Election Observation Missions are independent from the European Union institutions.The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. EU Election Observation Mission to The Gambia 2017 Final Report National Assembly Elections – 6 April 2017 Page 1 of 68 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................................. 3 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 4 II. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 9 III. POLITICAL BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 9 IV. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND ELECTORAL SYSTEM ................................................................................. 11 A. Universal and Regional Principles and Commitments ............................................................................. 11 B. Electoral Legislation ...............................................................................................................................
  • Review of the State of Implementation of Praia Orientations (On Land Tenure) in the Gambia

    Review of the State of Implementation of Praia Orientations (On Land Tenure) in the Gambia

    1 THE REPUBLIC OF THE GAMBIA REVIEW OF THE STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAIA ORIENTATIONS (ON LAND TENURE) IN THE GAMBIA 2 REVIEW OF THE STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF PRAIA ORIENTATIONS (ON LAND TENURE) IN THE GAMBIA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.1. Context and Justification ..................................................................................... 3 1.1.2. OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................... 4 1.1.3. METHODOLOGY........................................................................................... 4 1.1.4 Terms of Reference for the Study ........................................................................ 5 1.2 Country Profile............................................................................................................ 6 1.2.1 Physical Characteristics........................................................................................ 6 1.2.2 Political Characteristics........................................................................................ 6 1.2.3 Social Characteristics............................................................................................ 6 2 MAIN LAND USE SYSTEMS ..........................................................................................
  • TEKKI FII GRANT FLYER.Cdr

    TEKKI FII GRANT FLYER.Cdr

    ACCESS TO FINANCE MINI GRANT. ABOUT THE TEKKI FII MINI-GRANT Powered by YEP, GIZ and IMVF Grants up to D50,000 to facilitate acquisition Grants are disbursed either as cash or as No collateral, interest rate or of equipment, materials, licenses and other assets, but asset disbursements will be repayment requirements. business critical inputs and assets. given priority where feasible. Grantees receive financial literacy training to improve their Grantees participate in annual experience sharing events to capacity to save, exercise financial planning and separate their communicate results, success stories and best practices of the private funds from the funds of the business. mini-grant scheme. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Must be a Gambian youth between Must provide a solid business plan Must have some level of savings or commit 18 -35 years using the application form to making regular savings in a financial template. service provider of his or her choice. Must have received entrepreneurship Must provide a guarantor before funds are disbursed to indicate that the grant will be or vocational training. Proof of used for the intended purpose. Failure of doing so implies that the amount of the grant attendance is required. will be refunded in full by the guarantor. Business must be registered by Business plan that shows high level of the time funds are disbursed. innovation will be an advantage. How To Apply? pplication forms are available online on the www.naccug.com | www.tekkifii.gm ou can find it here: www.yep.gm/opportunity/minigrantscheme orms should be filled electronically, printed, signed, scanned and sent by email to [email protected].
  • An Application of Small Area Estimation

    An Application of Small Area Estimation

    Public Disclosure Authorized POVERTY AND INEQUALITY ON THE Public Disclosure Authorized MAP IN THE GAMBIA An Application of Small Area Estimation Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized POVERTY AND INEQUALITY ON THE MAP IN THE GAMBIA November 2018 1 | Page This publication is prepared with the support of the Country Management Unit West Africa Poverty Monitoring Code (WAPMC - P164474). Extracts may be published if source is duly acknowledged. Copyright © 2018 by The Gambia Bureau of Statistics The Statistician General P. O. Box 3504, Serekunda, The Gambia Tel. +220 4377847 Fax: +220 4377848 Authors Rose Mungai Minh Cong Nguyen Tejesh Pradhan Supervisor Andrew Dabalen Graphic presentation of the data Minh Cong Nguyen Editor Lauri Scherer Table of Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................... 4 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 The Gambia country context ...................................................................................................... 8 2. Overview of the Methodology ..............................................................................................
  • Report of GARD Consultancy Study of Water-Controlled Rice Production

    Report of GARD Consultancy Study of Water-Controlled Rice Production

    Report of GARD Consultancy Study of Water-Controlled Rice Production in The Gambia Christine Elias July, 1987 STUDY OF WATER-CONTROLLED RICE PRODUCTION IN THE GAMBIA by Christine Elias In collaboration with Soil and Water Management Unit GTZ/DWR Rainfed Rice Improvement Project Freedom From Hunger Campaign Jahaly-Pacharr Project July 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements i Executive Summary ii 1. RATIONALE FOR STUDY 1 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTIONS 2 2.1 Soil and Water Management Unit (SWMU) 2 2.2 GTZ/DWR Rainfed Rice Improvement 7 2.3 Freedom From Hunger Campaign (FFHC) 10 2.4 Jahaly-Pacharr Tidal Irrigation Component 15 3. STUDY METHODOLOGY 22 4. CASE STUDY VILLAGES 24 5. FACTORS AFFECTING PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND OUTCOME IN CASE-STUDY VILLAGES 27 5.1 SWI1U Case Study Villages 27 5.2 GTZ/DWR Case Study Villages 31 5.3 FFHC Case Study Village 35 5.4 Jahaly-Pacharr C:.se Study Village 36 6. ECONOMIC ANALYSES 37 6.1 Estimation of Project Costs 38 6.2 Estimation of Project Benefits and Incremental Costs of Rice Production 42 6.3 Project Returns and Sensitivity Analysis 44 6.4 Results of the Economic Analyses 45 7. COLLECTIVE PROJECT EXPERIENCES 50 7.1 Environmental Factors 51 7.2 Design Factors of Water-control Interventions 52 7.3 Issues of Land Use and Land Tenure 55 7.4 Village Participation 57 7.5 Compatibility of Intervention with Existing Farming System 58 7.6 Economic Factors 60 8. IMPLICATIONS FOR RICE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GAMBIA 60 9. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOLLOW-UP TO THIS STUDY 63 ANNEXES A.
  • Emergency Operation in April to Provide Emergency Food Assistance to 62,500 People in the Five Most-Affected Districts

    Emergency Operation in April to Provide Emergency Food Assistance to 62,500 People in the Five Most-Affected Districts

    1 EMERGENCY FOOD ASSISTANCE FOR DROUGHT-AFFECTED POPULATIONS IN THE GAMBIA Number of beneficiaries 206,000 Duration of project 5 months (June – October 2012) WFP food tonnage 13,169 mt Cost (United States dollars) WFP food cost US$6,910,868 Total cost to WFP US$10,778,577 A severe drought has led to a substantial crop failure in most of the Gambia. A joint post-harvest assessment led by the Ministry of Agriculture and WFP indicates that 520,000 people living in rural districts are seriously affected and need emergency food assistance or livelihoods support. Drought-affected populations face both reduced food availability due to their own production being less and reduced food access due to the loss of income from failed groundnut crops and high food prices. The Government declared a national food and seed emergency in March 2012 and requested urgent humanitarian assistance. The United Nations Country Team has already mobilized US$4.8 million through the United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund, for priority interventions including food security and nutrition, water and health. As an initial response, WFP launched a two-month immediate-response emergency operation in April to provide emergency food assistance to 62,500 people in the five most-affected districts. This five-month emergency operation will enable WFP to provide food assistance to 206,000 people in the 19 most-affected districts during the lean season, with the aim to prevent increased food insecurity. To prevent any further deterioration of the nutrition situation, WFP also will also target 17,000 children in regions with a high prevalence of acute malnutrition.
  • Population & Demography / Employment Status by District

    Population & Demography / Employment Status by District

    Population & Demography / Employment Status by District Table 39.1: Percentage Distribution of Population (15-64 years) by Employment Status and District - Total District Active Employed Unemployed Inactive Banjul 53.6 95.8 4.2 46.4 Kanifing 47.8 95.8 4.2 52.2 Kombo North 49.7 95.7 4.3 50.3 Kombo South 60.8 97.4 2.6 39.2 Kombo Central 52.7 94.7 5.3 47.3 Kombo East 55.2 97.0 3.0 44.8 Foni Brefet 80.6 99.8 0.2 19.4 Foni Bintang 81.7 99.7 0.3 18.3 Foni Kansalla 80.2 100.0 0.0 19.8 Foni Bundali 84.1 100.0 0.0 15.9 Foni Jarrol 76.0 99.3 0.7 24.0 Kiang West 73.7 99.6 0.4 26.3 Kiang Cental 80.3 99.2 0.8 19.7 Kiang East 83.5 100.0 0.0 16.5 Jarra West 76.3 99.7 0.3 23.7 Jarra Central 93.0 99.8 0.2 7.0 Jarra East 89.1 100.0 0.0 10.9 Lower Niumi 68.5 98.3 1.7 31.5 Upper Niumi 87.4 100.0 0.0 12.6 Jokadu 89.8 99.9 0.1 10.2 Lower Badibu 88.8 99.7 0.3 11.2 Central Badibu 89.1 99.9 0.1 10.9 Illiasa 72.4 98.3 1.7 27.6 Sabach Sanjal 93.6 99.9 0.1 6.4 Lower Saloum 88.8 99.7 0.3 11.2 Upper Saloum 97.6 100.0 0.0 2.4 Nianija 95.8 100.0 0.0 4.2 Niani 85.8 99.6 0.4 14.2 Sami 90.7 99.9 0.1 9.3 Niamina Dankunku 90.6 100.0 0.0 9.4 Niamina West 88.9 99.9 0.1 11.1 Niamina East 89.5 99.8 0.2 10.5 Lower Fuladu West 87.1 99.8 0.2 12.9 Upper Fuladu West 81.5 99.3 0.7 18.5 Janjanbureh 63.8 99.3 0.7 36.2 Jimara 85.1 99.9 0.1 14.9 Basse 73.1 100.0 0.0 26.9 Tumana 90.4 100.0 0.0 9.6 Kantora 93.5 99.9 0.1 6.5 Wuli West 96.6 99.9 0.1 3.4 Wuli East 97.2 100.0 0.0 2.8 Sandu 96.8 100.0 0.0 3.2 Source: IHS 2015/2016 Table 39.2: Percentage Distribution of Population (15-64 years)
  • U.S. Assistance to the Gambia Oar/Banjul June

    U.S. Assistance to the Gambia Oar/Banjul June

    U.S. ASSISTANCE TO THE GAMBIA OAR/BANJUL JUNE, IM2 U.S. ASSISTANCE TO THE GAMBIA United States assistance to The Gambia prior to its independence was fairly limited. in the period 1946 through 1961, some $300,000 was provided to the country through the Erit,14sh Foreign Office. From 1962 through 1975 bilateral assistance was extended through food aid (totalling $5.3 million), technical assistance (totalling $l.14million), and the Peace Corps ($2.0 million), for a grand total of $8.4 million. 5However, indirect economic assistance was provided contribution to various African regional and worldwide programs such as the West African Measles-Smallpox Campaigns. funded through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) in the mid-1960s. The Gambia began to receive more direct U.S. Government assistance starting in 1973-74 as the great Sahelian drought wreaked havoc across West Africa. Even though it is a riverine country, 'The Gambia is entirelu within the Sahelian climatic zone. During the drought, its cash crop and food crop production trailed off and environmental degradation set in. The U.S. Government attempted to help alleviate the situation by providing a significant increase in food aid. Food assistance has continued since then and is presently running at some $600 ,000 and $800,000 a year (excluding freight charges) which is in addition to periodic emergency food shipments in response to famine conditions, e.g., 1978 and again in 1980 and 1981. In 1974, AID received permr'ission from the Government of The Gamnbia (GOTO) to assign an Economic Development Oficer in The Gambia and establish an office in Banjul, which reported to the Regional Develop­ ment Office in Dakar.
  • Issues and Options for Improved Land Sector Governance in the Gambia

    Issues and Options for Improved Land Sector Governance in the Gambia

    Issues and Options for Improved Land Sector Governance in the Gambia Results of the Application of the Land Governance Assessment Framework Synthesis Report August 2013 AMIE BENSOUDA & CO LP OFF BERTIL HARDING HIGHWAY NO. SSHFC CRESCENT KANIFING INSTITUTIONAL AREA KANIFING MUNICIPALITY E-mail: [email protected] Telephone Nos. 4495381 / 4496453 ACRONYMS DLS - Department of Lands and Surveys DPPH - Department of Physical Planning and Housing KMA - Kanifing Municipal Area KMC - Kanifing Municipal Council LGAF - Land Governance Assessment Framework MOL - Minister of Lands MOA - Minister of Agriculture MOFE - Minister of Forestry and the Environment MoLRG - Ministry of Lands and Regional Government NGO - Non- Governmental Organizations TDA - Tourism Development Area 2 2 Page Table of Contents 1. Introduction 5 2. LGAF Methodology 5 3. Overview of Land Policy Issues in the Gambia 6 3.1 The Gambia: Background Information 6 3.1.1 Economy and geography 6 3.1.2 Governance system 7 3.2 Land Issues and Land Policy 7 3.2.1 Tenure Typology 7 3.2.2 History and current status of land policies 8 3.2.3 Land management institutions 9 4. Assessment of Land Governance in the Gambia 9 4.1 Legal and institutional framework 9 4.1.1 Continuum of rights 9 4.1.2 Enforcement of rights 11 4.1.3 Mechanisms for recognition of rights 12 4.1.4 Restrictions on rights 13 4.1.5 Clarity of institutional mandates 13 4.1.6 Equity and nondiscrimination 14 4.2 Land use planning, taxation, and management 14 4.2.1 Transparency of restrictions 14 4.2.2 Efficiency in the planning
  • The 2015/16 Gambia Integrated Household Survey Vol III

    The 2015/16 Gambia Integrated Household Survey Vol III

    THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GAMBIA INTEGRATED HOUSEHOLD SURVEY 2015/16 Volume III Prevalence and Depth of Poverty Gambia Bureau of Statistics Banjul, The Gambia October 2017 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF ANNEXES.............................................................................................................................. iv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS............................................................................................... v FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................ vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 - BACKGROUND, SURVEY METHODOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION ................. 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Socio-economic Environment ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives of the Integrated
  • Monthly Mobile Qos Report

    Monthly Mobile Qos Report

    November 2016 MONTHLY MOBILE QOS REPORT Comparative Quality of Service Report for Mobile Networks Technical Report November 2017 1 November 2017 Contents 1. Glossary of Terms .............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) ............................................................................................. 4 3. KPIs & Threshold Used in Report ................................................................................................. 6 4. Findings 1: 2G Networks................................................................................................................. 7 5. Findings 2: Graphs .......................................................................................................................... 10 6. Findings 3: CELL Outages ............................................................................................................. 12 7. Findings 4: Percentage Change in Traffic ................................................................................ 12 7.1. Voice Traffic ................................................................................................................................. 12 7.2. Data Traffic ................................................................................................................................... 13 8. Number of Cells Deployed ............................................................................................................
  • The History of Banjul, the Gambia, 1816 -1965

    The History of Banjul, the Gambia, 1816 -1965

    HEART OF BANJUL: THE HISTORY OF BANJUL, THE GAMBIA, 1816 -1965 By Matthew James Park A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History- Doctor of Philosophy 2016 ABSTRACT HEART OF BANJUL: THE HISTORY OF BANJUL, THE GAMBIA, 1816-1965 By Matthew James Park This dissertation is a history of Banjul (formerly Bathurst), the capital city of The Gambia during the period of colonial rule. It is the first dissertation-length history of the city. “Heart of Banjul” engages with the history of Banjul (formerly Bathurst); the capital city of The Gambia. Based on a close reading of archival and primary sources, including government reports and correspondences, missionary letters, journals, and published accounts, travelers accounts, and autobiographical materials, the dissertation attempts to reconstruct the city and understand how various parts of the city came together out of necessity (though never harmoniously). In the spaces where different kinds of people, shifting power structures, and nonhuman actors came together something which could be called a city emerged. Chapter 1, “Intestines of the State,” covers most of the 19 th century and traces how the proto-colonial state and its interlocutors gradually erected administration over The Gambia. Rather than a teleology of colonial takeover, the chapter presents the creation of the colonial state as a series of stops and starts experienced as conflicts between the Bathurst administration and a number of challengers to its sovereignty including Gambian warrior kings, marabouts, criminals, French authorities, the British administration in Sierra Leone, missionaries, merchants, and disease. Chapter 2, “The Circulatory System,” engages with conflicts between the state, merchants, Gambian kings, and urban dwellers.