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VIRATA 861 VIROCANA I year, the Kauravas had stolen the cows of Virata. In thama. (M.B. Bhisma Parva, Chapter 110, Stanza 16). the fight which ensued Arjuna entered the battlefield (xviii) Virata combatted with Jayadratha. (M.B. with Uttara, the son of King Virata, and defeated the Bhisma Parva, Chapter 116, Stanza 42). Kauravas and proclaimed that the life of pseudonymity (xix) Virata fought with Vinda and Anuvinda. (M.B. was over. After that Abhimanyu married Uttara the Drona Parva, Chapter 25, Stanza 20) . daughter of Virata. (M.B. Virata Parva). (xx) In the fight with Salya, Virata fell down uncons- 2) Other details. cious. (M.B. Drona Parva, Chapter 167, Stanza 34). (i) This Virata, the King of Matsya was born from a (xxi) In the battle which followed, Dronacarya killed portion of the Marudganas. (M.B. Adi Parva, Chapter Virata. (M.B. Kama Parva, Chapter 6, Stanza 6). 67, Stanza 82). (xxii) Mention is made in Mahabharata, Stri Parva, (ii) King Virata had two sons named Uttara and Chapter 26, Stanza 33, that the funeral ceremony of Saiikha. It was with these sons that he attended the Virata was conducted in a befitting manner and in Svayarhvara marriage of Draupadi. (M.B. Adi Parva, Mahabharata, Santi Parva, Chapter 42, Stanza 4, that Chapter 185, Stanza 8). Yudhisthira performed offering to the Manes for him. In the (iii) regional conquest conducted by Sahadeva, (xxiii ) After death, Virata entered heaven and joined before the Imperial consecration-sacrifice of the Panda- the Marudganas. (M.B. Svargarohana Parva, Chapter with vas, Virata fought him and was defeated. (M.B. 5, Stanza 15) . Sabha Parva, Chapter 31, Stanza 2). (xxiv) The synonyms used in Mahabharata for Virata (iv) King Virata attended the Rajasuya (sacrifice of are, Matsya, Matsyapati, Matsyarat, Matsyaraja etc. of Yudhisthira. Sabha imperial consecration) (M.B. VIRATA (M). The country called Matsya. King Stanza . Parva, Chapter 44, 20) Virata was the ruler of this country. (See under Virata as a to Yudhisthira two thousand (v) gave gift Virata) . tuskers adorned with gold chains. (M.B. Sabha Parva, VIRATANAGARA. The Capital of Matsya. Mention is Chapter 52, Stanza 26). made in Mahabharata, Virata Parva, Chapter 30, (vi) The name of the wife of King Virata was Sudesna. Stanza 28, that once the Kauravas and the Trigartas (M.B. Virata Parva, Chapter 9, Stanza 6). attacked this country. (vii) During the incognito-life of the Pandavas, King VIRATAPARVA. A Parva in Virata sheltered them in his palace. He took Yudhi- prominent (section) Mahabharata. sthira as a court-favourite, Bhimasena as the over-seer horses to the cha- of his dining hall, Arjuna as the dancing master, Nakula VIRAVA. A horse. The two yoked riot to were called as the head of the stables, and Sahadeva as the head of given Agastya by the giant Ilvala, Virava and Surava. Vana the cow-herds. (M.B. Virata Parva, Chapters 7, 8, 10, (M.B. Parva, Chapter 99, Stanza . 11 and 12). 17) viii first wife of Virata I. ( ) The King was Suratha, the VlRAVARMA A child born to King Taladhvaja by princess of Kosala. A son named Sveta was born to Narada, when he assumed the form of an illusive Virata by Suratha. After the death of Suratha, he woman of beauty. (For further details see under married Sudesna the daughter of Suta, King of Kekaya. Taladhvaja I) . To Sudesna two sons named Sarikha and Uttara and as VlRAVARMA II. A King who ruled over the city of the youngest, a daughter named Uttara were born. Sarasvata. His chief queen was MalinI, who was the (M.B. Virata Parva, Daksinatya Patha, Chapter 16). daughter of a Yaksa. Vlravarma slopped the sacrificial (ix) It is stated in Mahabharata, Virata Parva, horse of the Pandavas. When Krsna and Arjuna got Daksinatyapatha, Chapter 26, that King Virata had ready to fight with Vlravarma to recover the horse, ten brothers. Vlravarma, with the help of Yama fought with them. (x) Virata had two brothers named Satanlka and At last Krsna entered into a treaty with Vlravarma Madiraksa. Suryadatta is another name of Satanlka. and got the horse back. He was the commander of the army of Virata. Madira- Viravarma had five sons named Subhala, Sulabha, ksa was also called ViSalaksa. (M.B. Virata Parva, Lola, Kuvala and Sarasa. (Jaimini, Asva : 47 : 49) . Chapters 31 and 32). VlRAVRATA. A King born in the family of Bharata. (xi) At the time of the theft of the cows, King Virata To Viravrata who was the son of Madhu, two sons engaged in combat with Sugarma. (M.B. Virata 'Parva, named Manthu and Amanthu were born. (Bhagavata, Chapter 32, Stanza 28). Fifth Skandha) . (xii) Susanna caught hold of Virata alive. (M.B. VlRII^I (VlRANl) . See under Vlrani. Virata Parva, Chapter 33, Stanza 7) . VIROCANA I. of seven 1 (xiii) Virata was one the prominent command- ) General information. An asura. He was the son of ers of the army of Yudhisthira. (M.B. Udyoga Parva, Prahlada and the father of Mahabali. Three sons Viro- Chapter 157, Stanza 11). cana, Kumbha and Nikumbha were born to Prahlada (xiv) On the first day of the battle of Bharata there by his wife Dhrti. Virocana, though an asura, perform- was a combat between Virata and Bhagadatta. (M.B. ed rites and rituals carefully. He was kind towards Bhisma Parva, Chapter 45, Stanza 49) . Brahmins. His son Bali became famous and got the (xv) Virata attacked Bhisma. (M.B. Bhisma Parva, name Mahabali. (M.B. Adi Parva, Chapter 65, Stanza Chapter 73, Stanza 1). 19). (xvi) In the fight between Virata and Drona, Saiikha 2) Other details. was killed. With that Virata ran away. (M.B. Bhisma (i) Once there was a controversy between Virocana Parva, Chapter 82, Stanza 14). and Sudhanva. (See under Sudhanva II). (xvii) There was a combat between Virata and Asvat- (ii) During the time of emperor Prthu, when the.
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    The Role of Women in the Mahabharata

    THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN THE MAHABHARATA The role of women in the Mahabharata makes an interesting study providing insight into the strengths and weaknesses of their character. In this epic, four women play crucial parts in the course of events. The first is Satyavati who was the daughter of the chieftain of fishermen. As a young maiden, while ferrying sage Parasara across a river, he fell in love with her. She bore him a son, Vyasa. He was brought up as an ascetic sage, but before he returned to forest life, he promised his mother he would come and help her whenever she faced difficulty. Later, the emperor Santanu fell in love with her. Her father consented to the marriage only on condition that her children would inherit the throne. Santanu’s older son, the crown prince Bhishma, not only voluntarily relinquished his right but also took the vow that he would remain celibate so that he could not have any children who might lay claim to the throne in the future. After Santanu passed away, Satyavati’s two sons died young. The older one was unmarried, and the younger had two wives, Ambika and Ambalika, who were childless. This created a crisis for there was no legal heir to the Kuru throne. Bhishma did not relent from his vow because he considered it sacred. At this juncture, Satyavati sent for her son Vyasa, who promptly responded per his earlier promise. Satyavati said the problem could be solved by his fathering a child through each of the two young widows.
  • Madraka I. Maga (S)

    Madraka I. Maga (S)

    MADIRA 460 MAGADHAS MADIRA. WifeofVasudeva, father of Sri Krsna. Vasu- refuge in Cyavana a great sage. Cyavana conducted a deva had seven wives named RohinI, Bhadramaninl, special Yaga and invited the AsVinidevas to partake of Madira, Ila, Rocana, Pauravi and Devaki (9th Skandha, the Yajnarhsa. Indra objected to this and Cyavana had Bhagavata) . Of these Devaki, Rohim, and Bhadra to face Indra in a fight. Then Cyavana produced from abandoned their lives by jumping into the funeral pyre the sacrificial fire a demon named Mada and he rushed ofVasudcva. (Sloka 18, Chapter 7, Mausala Parva) . at Indra to kill him. Indra then bowed down before MADIRAKSA (MADIRASVA) I. A brother of Virata, Cyavana and craved for pardon. Cyavana withdrew King of Matsya. When the Kauravas made Trigarta the demon and tearing him into four pieces put one carry away the cattle of Virata it was Madiraksa who each in dice, hunting, wine and women. That was how faced Trigarta in a fight. A great fight ensued between all the four became intoxicating. Trigarta and Madiraksa. He had shone as one of the In ancient India there were certain social conventions chieftains of the army of King Virata. He was a very regarding drinking of alcoholic preparations. All those in charitable man well-versed Dhanurveda (archery) . drinks which were intoxicants were not listed as He was killed in the big battle by Dronacarya. Chap- 'Alcohol'. Wine, honey, toddy, juice of sugarcane, ters 31, 33, 82 Virata Parva; 171, Udyoga Parva and 9, juice of Iruppa and Kutampuli, and sweet toddy of Karna Parva).