Basic Data Children and Media 2021
Current surveys and research on media use among children in Germany
Compiled by Heike vom Orde (IZI) and Dr. Alexandra Durner
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 1 Overview
Media Ownership, Media Use and Importance of Media 3
Children and Television 16
Reading (to Children) in the Family 32
Computer, Internet and Social Media 43
Children and Mobile Media (Mobile Phone, Smartphone, Tablet PC) 62
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 2 Media Ownership, Media Use and Importance of Media
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 3 Media in the homes of German children 2021
Devices in households with 3- to 13-year-old children, percentages
100 99 99 90 95
80
70
66 60
50
40 44
30
20
10
0 TV Smartphone PC/laptop Tablet Game console
Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2021, p. 9. Basis: n=1,204 mothers of children, 3-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 4 Personal media ownership of German children
By gender, 2020, percentages
Mobile phone/smartphone 50 50 Smartphone 42 42 Game console netto 33 49 CD-Player 39 37 TV 32 36 Game console (portable) 24 35 Game console 16 29 Girls Boys Internet access 20 24 Computer/Laptop 18 18 Cassette recorder 18 15 Radio 17 15 Computer for children 15 14 Laptop 13 13 Tablet 9 9 Mobile phone 9 8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 12. Basis: n=1,216, parents of children, 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 5 Which media would you like to own yourself?
6-13 years, by gender, selection, 2019, percentages
girls boys
49.1 Mobile phone/smartphone 49.5
38.1 Tablet PC 40.2
32.7 Video games 43.2
28.3 Computer, laptop 32.6
23.1 Game console 38.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Source: KinderMedienStudie 2019, p. 46. Basis: n=1,028 boys and n=972 girls, 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 6 Preferred leisure activities of German children
Leisure activities, selection, 2020, percentages
Watching TV 70 24
Doing homework/learning for school 71 22
Meeting friends 35 56
Playing in the house 51 39
Playing outside 45 43 Activities with the 14 61 family/parents
Using mobile phone/Smartphone 47 18
Listenting to musik 27 43
Doing sports 10 55
Using the computer (offline) 11 37 (Nearly) every day Digital games 25 35 Once/several times a Using the Internet* 31 28 week
Reading a book 16 39
0 20 40 60 80 100
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 14. Basis: n=1,216, 6-13 years. *regardless of what distribution
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 7 How do German children spend their pocket money?
Selection, 6-13 years, 2019, percentages
Sweets, cookies, chewing gum 72.4
Magazines, mangas, comics 55.5
Ice-cream 48.4
Beverages 47.2
Food/fast food 36.7
Chips, salty nuts 34.6
Stickers/collector's pictures 17.0
Collector's figures (e. g. Filly, Lego) 16.9
Gifts for relatives/friends 12.9
Toys, games 12.1
Books 9.6
Music 8.2
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Source: KinderMedienStudie 2019, p. 69. Basis: n=1.908, 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 8 Media use during the pandemic
Selection, percentages Child uses more …
PC/Video/App games 59
Streaming platform e.g. amazon 57
YouTube 57
Social Media 46
Online media center (TV station) 40
Website portals 35
Podcasts 32
TV 25
Radio 23
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2021, p. 22. Basis: n=217 parents of children, 0-17 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 9 Children’s media use in Germany
Comparison of 2018 and 2019, minutes per day
TV PC/Laptop Tablet Smartphone
160
140
21 120 6 25
100 19 8
16 80
60
90 40 76
20
0 2018 2019
Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2020, p. 3 Base: n=1,230 mothers of children aged 3-13 years whose child uses device.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 10 Media consumption: A comparison between 14- to 19-year-olds and total population in Germany
Minutes per day, 2020
14-19 years Total: persons from the age 14+
450
400 418
350
300 311
250
200
180 150 168
100 88 90 50 20 43 7 15 0 TV Radio Video in total Sound recording Audiovisual media media in total (1) in total (2)
Source: Media Perspektiven Basisdaten Basis: German speaking people +14 years, 5.00 2020, p. 69/70. a.m. to 12.00 p.m., Mon-Sun; (1) record, cassette, CD, MP3 (2) incl. PC.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 11 Which media do German children use on their own?
By age, selection, percentages, 2020
80 6-7 years 70 74 8-9 years 67 60 10-11 years 64
57 58 58 12-13 years 50 52 51 47 40 43 39 39 39 30 34 33 29 28 26 27 26 26 24 20 22 22 22 22 23 18 18 17 16 15 10 13 14 8 6 0
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 19. Basis: n=1,216 children, 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 12 Self-directed media use
According to parents of 6- to 13-year-olds, 2019, percentages Children are free to decide …
Total 6-9 years 10-13 years
100
90 90 80 77.3 70 71.2 60 64.5 65.5
56.5 50 47.1 40 41.8 41.4
30 27.6 20 17.1 10 8.0 0 … which books/magazines … which TV programme … how to surf the … which apps they want to they want to read they want to watch web/use apps use on the smartphone/tablet PC
Source: KinderMedienStudie 2019, p. 48. Basis: Parents of children n=2.000, 6-13-years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 13 From a parent’s perspective these media devices have a negative influence on their child
Top-2-box on a scale of 4, parents of children aged 3-13 years
Internet usage on 53 Smartphones
Internet usage on 39 Tablets
Games on consoles 39
Internet usage on 37 PC/Laptop
Normal TV-watching 16
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2019, p. 21 Base: n=1,231 mothers of children aged 3-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 14 Media Literacy: skills of German children
Self-assessment „good“, by age, selection, 2020, percentages
55 Playing a DVD 62 73 76 9 Send messages 31 67 86 11 Accessing the Internet on my own 32 69 86 9 Printing something 21 54 76 5 Downloading apps 17 52 79 3 6-7 years Load songs to the MP3 player or the mobile 12 37 58 8-9 years 5 10-11 years Connect to wifi 13 47 12-13 years 69
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 69. Basis: n=1,216, 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 15 Children and Television
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 16 Parents trust TV
Which media device in your household is your child free to use? According to their mothers, by age of children, 2020, percentages
100
96 90
80
70 69 60 62 58 50 52
40 40 37 30 1
20
10
0 TV in general Smart TV Radio PC/laptop Smartphone Tablet PC Regular TV
Source: Guth, Kinderwelten 2020, p. 8. Basis: n=1,230 mothers of children 3-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 17 Development of TV viewing time: A comparison between children and adults
Viewing time in minutes per day, 2000-2020 in Germany
Adults (14 years and older) Children (3-13 years)
250 238 226 237 237 227 203 200
150
97 93 100 82 91 58 58 50
0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019 2020
Source: AGF in association with GfK, TV Basis: n=FRG in total, children (3-13 years) and adults Scope (before 2009 pc#tv); Fernsehpanel (14 years and older). (G+EU) from 1.1.2005 on. In: Media Perspektiven Basisdaten 2020, p. 70.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 18 Development of TV viewing time by age groups
Viewing time in minutes per day, by age, 2010-2020
3-5 years 6-9 years 10-13 years 3-13 years
120
109 110 107
99 100 98 94 93 95 93 91 90 91 90 88 89 84 88 85 87 84 84 80 82 82 75 79 76 77 74 72 70 70 71 73 67 65 63 63 64 62 62 60 58 59 57 57 58 53 50 51 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: AGF in association with GfK, Basis: FRG in total, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. VideoScope, Fernsehpanel (D+EU) from 2005 on. In: Feierabend/Scolari, 2021, p. 214.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 19 How long do children stay in front of the TV?
Exposure time in minutes per day, by age groups, 2010-2020
3-5 years 6-9 years 10-13 years 3-13 years
190 186 181 180 177 174 178 171 170 164 164 163 169 160 161 160 160 162 162 154 149 158 150 150 151 151 145 148 143 138 140 142 137 142 139 135 132 130 133 129 131
126 121 124 120 119 120 114 110 113 105 100 96 90 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Source: AGF in association with GfK, Basis: FRG in total, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. VideoScope, Fernsehpanel (D+EU) from 2005 on. In: Feierabend/Scolari, 2021, p. 214.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 20 TV use during the week
By age groups, viewing time, 2020, min./day
3-5 years 6-9 years 10-13 years
100
90
80
77 70 74 71 69 68 66 60 62 62 63 59 50 54 51 52 51
40 45
30
20
10
0 Mon-Sun Mon-Thur Fr Sa Sun
Source: AGF in association with GfK, Basis: FRG in total, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.- VideoScope, Fernsehpanel (D+EU). In: 3:00 p.m., 3-13 years. Feierabend/Scolari, 2021, p. 216.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 21 Television use by children during the day
Percentages, 2016-2020
22
20
18
16 2020 14
2019 12
10 2016
8
6
4
2
0
Source: AGF in association with GfK, Basis: FRG in total, Mon-Sun, 3:00 a.m.-3:00 p.m. VideoScope, Fernsehpanel (D+EU), in: Feierabend/Scolari, 2021, p. 217.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 22 Favourite TV channels of 6- to 13-year-olds in Germany
What is your favourite TV channel? Unsupported, percentages, 2019
30
27 25
23 20
15
12 12 10
8 7 5
0 KiKA Super RTL Disney Channel ProSieben RTL Nick
Source: Rohde et al., 2020, p. 208. Basis: n=847, 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 23 The most popular TV programmes of German children in 2021
Unsupported answers (multiple answers possible), top 5, selection, percentages
6-9 years 10-12 years
20 20
14 15 15 14
12 11 11 10 9 10 10 8 8 7
5 5
0 0
Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2021, p. 22. Basis: n=1,461, 6-19 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 24 The most popular TV programmes of girls and boys in Germany 2021
Unsupported answers (multiple answers possible), top 5, selection, percentages
Girls Boys 6-9 years Miraculous 16 SpongeBob 18
Die Sendung mit der Barbie 12 12 Maus
Die Sendung mit der Maus 11 Ninjago 12
H2O - Plötzlich 11 PAW Patrol 11 Meerjungfrau Die Pfefferkörner; Bibi and 9 Tom & Jerry 8 Tina
10-12 years
Schloss Einstein 18 The Simpsons 21
Die Pfefferkörner 15 SpongeBob 14
GZSZ 12 Schloss Einstein 10
H2O - Plötzlich 11 DSDS 9 Meerjungfrau
The Voice Kids; Germany’s 8 The Big Bang Theory 9 Next Topmodel; The Simpsons
Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2021, pp. 23-24. Basis: n=708 girls, n=753 boys, 6-19 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 25 Favourite TV programmes of German preschoolers in 2021
“What is your child’s favourite TV programme?“ According to parents of 3- to 5-year-olds, percentages
PAW Patrol 18
Die Sendung mit der Maus 17
Peppa Wutz 11
Shaun the sheep 10
Sesame Street 10
KiKANiNCHEN 10
Sandmännchen 9
Fireman Sam 7
SpongeBob 7
Maya the Bee; Mircaculous 5
0 5 10 15 20
Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2021, p. 34. Basis: n=367 mothers of 3- to 5-year-olds.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 26 Favourite TV characters of German preschoolers in 2020
# 1 Fireman Sam
# 2 Peppa Wutz
# 3 Die Maus (Die Sendung mit der Maus)
# 4 Caillou; Micky Mouse
Source: IZI-Survey „Die Lieblingsfiguren der Basis: n=350 boys and girls, 3-5 years. Vorschulkinder“ (Favourite TV characters of German preschoolers), 2020.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 27 Favourite TV characters of German children by gender in 2020
Boys Girls #
SpongeBob SquarePants 1 Barbie
Bart Simpson; Henry Danger 2 Bibi und Tina; Bibi Blocksberg
Angelo; Homer Simpson 3 Pippi Longstocking
Source: IZI-Survey „Die Lieblingsfiguren der Kinder 2020“ (Favourite TV characters Basis: n=848 girls and boys, 6-13 years. of German children), 2020.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 28 Favourite news TV of German children
By age, multiple answers possible, selection, 2020, percentages
15 23 Ja 31 36
66 64 logo! 46 21
15 20 Tagesschau 30 50
2 8 heute 18 6-7 years 23 8-9 years 5 10-11 years 11 RTL aktuell 12-13 years 13 21
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 42. Basis: n=1,177, 6-13 years; educational programme viewers.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 29 Linear TV remains first choice for children
Net range (3 days), percentages
8-10 years 11-13 years
100
90
86 87 80
70
60
50 50*
40
30 30*
20 18 10 12 4 4 0 Linear TV YouTube SVOD Media center
Source: Fourscreen Touchpoints Kids 2019, p. 39 Base: n=413 children 8-13 years *Exclusive users of „YouTube music“: 8-10 years 2%; 11-13 years 7%
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 30 Which video-on-demand services are used by children?
2019, percentages
Netflix 64
Amazon (Prime) Video 21
Sky 12
Other 3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Source: Fourscreen Touchpoints Kids 2019, p. 47 Base: n=413 children 8-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 31 Reading (to Children) in the Family
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 32 Why do parents not read to their children?
According to parents, 2020, percentages
"I don't enjoy reading aloud that much." 49
"I don't think reading aloud is so important." 27 3
"Reading is old-fashioned, nowadays you can 25 keep children busy with modern media."
"I was not read to in my childhood either" 21
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Source: Deutsche Bahn/Stiftung Basis: n=528 parents of children 1-6 years. Mothers Lesen/Die ZEIT: Vorlesestudie 2020, p. 25. who read to their children.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 33 How often do parents read to their infants?
2019, percentages
several times a day 11
once a day 18
several times a week 39
once a week 16
rarely 8
never 8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Source: Die ZEIT/Deutsche Bahn/Stiftung Basis: n=700 parents of children (2-8 years). Lesen: Vorlesestudie 2019, p. 11.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 34 Children who are never/rarely read to self-assess their reading skills weaker
How well can you read compared to your classmates? Percentages A child who …
is/was read to daily (n=139) is/was read to rarely or once a week (n=65) is/was read to several times a week (n=223) is/was never read to (n=73)
27
"I can read better than 35 the others." 29 10
60 "I read as well as most 54 of the children in my class." 40 51
12
"I still can not read as 11 well as the others." 31 40
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Source: Die ZEIT/Deutsche Bahn/Stiftung Basis: 500 students in classes 1-4. Lesen: Vorlesestudie 2018, p. 12.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 35 How often do German children read a (printed) book?
2020, Percentages I read …
(nearly) every day once/several times a week rarely never
Total 16 39 31 14
Girls 20 43 27 10
Boys 12 36 35 17
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 29. Basis: n=1,216, 6-13 year-olds.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 36 Some parents feel unable to read to their children
2020, percentages
“When I'm at home, I have other things to do." 49
“I don't have time for it." 49
“I'm too exhausted and tired to read aloud." 47
0 10 20 30 40 50
Source: Deutsche Bahn/Stiftung Lesen/ Basis: n=528, Parents with children aged 1-6 who rarely Die ZEIT: Vorlesestudie 2020, p. 18. or never read to their children.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 37 Children‘s book bestsellers in Germany
Children‘s books, June 2021
# 1 “Rico, Oskar und die Tieferschatten“ from Andreas Steinhöfel
# 2 “Mein Lotta-Leben (17)“ from Alice Pantermüller
# 3 “Rupert präsentiert: Echt unheimliche Gruselgeschichten“ from Jeff Kinney
# 4 “Vorstadtkrokodile“ from Max von der Grün
# 5 “Wunder, Sieh mich nicht an“ from R.J. Palacio
Source: boersenblatt.de/Media Control GmbH. Basis: 6,550 shops in Germany, sales in June 2021.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 38 Favourite magazines & comics of German girls in 2021
By age, selection, top 5, percentages
6-9 years 10-12 years
30 30
25 25
20 20 22 18 15 15
10 13 10 12 10 11 9 10 8 5 7 5
0 0
Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2021, p. 223. Basis: n=708 girls, 6-19 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 39 Favourite magazines & comics of German boys in 2021
By age, selection, top 5, percentages
6-9 years 10-12 years 30 30
25 25
22 20 20
15 15 15
10 10 12 10 10 8 9 7 8 5 6 5
0 0
Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2021, p. 222. Basis: n=753 boys, 6-19 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 40 Parents who rarely read to their children also don‘t use activities similar to reading to their children
Activities who are like being read to or are very similar to it
Parents, who read regularily to their children Parents, who read rarely to their children
69 To tell a fairytale without a book 17
65 To make up a story and tell it 12
Look at pictures in a book and tell 65 stories about them 19
Look at interactive books with a 50 pen e.g. Tiptoi 17
Look at a "hidden object" book or 48 text 9
Already reading simple books to 47 babys 10
40 Read to from comics and magazines 19
Read books to children via e-Book 36 reader 8
5 Use storybook-apps 1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Source: Deutsche Bahn/Stiftung Lesen/ Base: n=700 parents and their children (2-8 years). Die ZEIT: Vorlesestudie 2019, p. 24.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 41 Some parents see no added value in reading aloud
2020, percentages
“My child is too restless for that and doesn't 44 really listen."
"My child doesn't want to be read to at all." 31
“My child is still too young to read aloud." 25
“When I get home, the child is already 12 asleep."
“My child can read himself." 6
0 10 20 30 40 50
Source: Deutsche Bahn/Stiftung Basis: n=528, Parents with children aged 1-6 who rarely Lesen/Die ZEIT: Vorlesestudie 2020, p. 24. or never read to their children.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 42 Computer, Internet and Social Media
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 43 How often do German children surf the web?
By gender and by age groups, 2020, percentages
(nearly) every day several times a week rarely
Total 43 39 18
Boys 43 38 19
Girls 44 39 17
6-7 years 12 52 36
8-9 years 28 41 30
10-11 years 40 42 18
12-13 years 65 30 5
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 38. Basis: n=863, 6-13 years, Internet users.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 44 Access to the Internet: use of laptop / computer / tablet
Percentages, selection, in 2018-2020
2018 2020 100
97 90 95 90 87 80 80 79 80 78 77 78 70 73 74
60
50 54 55
40
30
20
10
0 Total Girls Boys 6-7 years 8-9 years 10-11 12-13 years years
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 34. Basis: 2018: n=1,231, 2020: n=1,216: 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 45 By the age of 12 nearly all children are online
Do you use the Internet at least sometimes? By age, selection, 2019, percentages
100
97 90
80 85
70 71
60
50
40 40
30
20
10
0 6-7 years 8-9 years 10-11 years 12-13 years
Source: Berg/Bitkom 2019, p. 7. Basis: n=915, 6-18 years, Internet users.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 46 How long do children in Germany surf the web?
Minutes per day, mean, on weekdays, according to their parents, 2020
90
80 84
70
60
50 53
40
30 29 20
10 14
0 6-7 years 8-9 years 10-11 years 12-13 years
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 39. Basis: n=1,216, parents of children 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 47 What do German children – in comparison to German adolescents – do online?
What do you do online (at least sometimes)? Multiple answers possible, selection, 2019, percentages
6-7 years 16-18 years
87 Watching movies, videos, series 93
26 Listening to music (stream) 65
20 Playing games 46
Information seeking (for leisure 12 65 time)
Information seeking (for school, 12 72 education)
0 Using social networks 75
0 Shopping in online shops 34
100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100
Source: Berg/Bitkom 2019, p. 8. Basis: n= 753, 6-18 years, Internet users.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 48 The most popular websites or apps of German children in 2021
Unsupported answers, top 5, by age and gender, percentages
Boys Girls
YouTube 32 6-9 years KiKA 37
toggo 29 YouTube 28
KiKA 26 toggo 20
YouTube kids 10 YouTube kids 13
nickelodeon/nick 8 Disney 13
10-12 years YouTube 56 YouTube 50
WhatsApp 30 WhatsApp 35
TikTok 16 TikTok 29
Instagram 11 Instagram 14
Kicker 8 KiKA 13
Source: Trend Tracking Kids 2021, pp. 195-196. Basis: n=699, 6- to 19-year-old girls and n=741, 6- to 19-year-old boys who use the Internet.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 49 A person you can talk to when you had a bad experience online
Selection, percentages
9-11 years 12-14 years 60
50 52 53 52
40
37 30
20
14 10 12
0 3 0 My mother or my father A friend, male or female My brother or my sister A teacher, male or female (including step-parents or (approximately my age) (including step-, foster-, foster parents) and half-brothers and -sister)
Source: EU Kids online 2019, p. 34 Base: n=92 children, 9-17 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 50 What do children do when they have problems on the web?
By age, selection, percentages I have …
9-11 years 12-14 years
47 … closed the app or website. 35
… blocked the person, so that he or she couldn't 18 contact me anymore. 29
27 … felt guilty because of what happened. 14
… ignored the problem and hoped that it would 13 solve itself. 22
… tried to convince the other person to leave me 7 alone. 26
7 ... deleted all messages of this person. 21
7 … changed my privacy and contact settings. 17
0 10 20 30 40 50
Source: EU Kids online 2019, p. 33 Base: n=92 children, 9-17 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 51 Social Media: WhatsApp and Instagram are most popular with German preteens
What social media/messenger apps are you using? Selection, by age, 2019, percentages
10-11 years 12-13 years
80 WhatsApp 90
14 Instagram 44
22 Snapchat 38
24 TikTok 28
4 Facebook 10
0 Twitter 9
0 20 40 60 80 100
Source: Berg/Bitkom 2019, p. 9. Basis: n=607, 10-18 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 52 Most popular YouTube stars with German children in 2021
By gender, TOP 4, selection (percentages)
Girls Boys #
Bianca Heinicke 1 Gronkh
Lisa & Lena 2 Julien Bam
Dagi Bee 3 Julienco
Julien Bam 4 Paluten
Source: IZI-Study YouTube Stars, 2021. Basis: n=837, 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 53 What videos do children in Germany watch on YouTube?
Percentages
Music (-videos) 36
Videos of YouTube- 22 Influencers
Animated series 9
Sports videos 7
Live action series 6
Explanatory videos 5
Video game videos/Lets 4 Plays Crafting/Do-It- 3 Yourself-Videos Learning videos for 1 school Cooking and baking 0 videos
Toy videos 0
Other videos 6
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Source: Fourscreen Touchpoints Kids 2019, p. 43 Base: n=413 children 8-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Seite 54 Most parents monitor the web activities of their children
By age, multiple answers possible, selection, 2019, percentages
90
80 77 74 71 I'm only allowed to spend a certain 70 66 amount of time online.
66 61 61 60 My parents explain to me what is 61 59 and what isn't allowed online.
48 50 47 Sometimes it is prohibited for me to 44 surf the web. 46 40 44 40 My parents ask me not to post too much personal information online. 34 34 36 30 26 My parents talk to me regularly about my experiences on the Internet. 20 21
10
0 6-7 years 8-9 years 10-11 years 12-13 years
Source: Berg/Bitkom 2019, p. 12. Basis: n=815, 6-18 years, Internet users.
Page 55 © International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Negative Internet experiences
Have you already found disturbing or frightening contents in the Internet? Selection, percentages
Frightening contents Unpleasant contents Not appropriate for children
3 Total 5 7
1 6-7 years 1 2
3 8-9 years 3 5
4 10-11 years 7 9
4 12-13 years 6 8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 71. Basis: n=863, 6-13 years, Internet users.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 56 Inappropriate web content
2020, percentages
Eroticism/Pornography 54
Violence/Beating 13 scenes
Horror-/Scary videos 10
Games 7
Adult content 6
War films 5
Inappropriate web 2 commercials
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 71. Basis: n=61, 6-13 years, Internet users.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 57 How often do children play computer, console, tablet, online and smartphone games?
Percentages, selection, 2020
(Nearly) every day Once/several times a week Rarely Never
Total 25 35 15 26
Girls 16 34 17 32
Boys 32 36 13 19
0 20 40 60 80 100
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 61. Basis: n=1,216, 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 58 The most popular PC, console, tablet, online and smartphone games for German girls and boys
2020, up to 3 selections possible, percentages
11 FIFA 2 18
7 Die Sims 11 Total 4 Girls 9 Boys Minecraft 8 10
6 Fortnite 3 9
7 Super Mario 7 6
7 Mario Kart 4 10
0 5 10 15 20 25
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 63. Basis: n=861, 6-13 years, users of digital games.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 59 Media education: age rated games
According to parents, 2020, percentages
I totally agree. I agree. I less agree. I don't agree. I don't know. n/a
My children are not allowed to play games which are 51 29 13 6 1 not recommended for their age.
When I buy a game, I respect the age ratings. 48 34 10 7 1
Age ratings are only recommendations. 47 38 10 4 1
Age ratings ensure that games are sold to the age 35 35 16 13 group for which they are most suitable. 1
I trust my own assessment of games more than age 29 35 26 9 1 ratings.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 66. Basis: n=1,216 parents of children 6-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 60 Parents use technical precautionary measures to control their children‘s online usage
Parents of 9- to 11-year-olds who use them, selection, percentages
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Devices or programs to block or filter certain 38 websites or contents.
Programs to block advertisments. 31
Devices or programs to monitor which websites or 28 apps my child uses.
Devices or programs which can filter apps my child 27 can actually download.
Devices or programs which show the location of my 25 child (e.g. GPS).
A service (e.g. an app) or a contract which limits the 22 time my child spends online.
Devices or programs which alert my when my child 18 wants to buy something online.
Source: EU Kids online 2019, p. 41 Base: n=1,044, parents of 9- to 17-year-olds who use technical precautionary measures.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 61 Children and Mobile Media (Mobile Phone, Smartphone, Tablet PC)
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 62 By the age of 10 most children have their own smartphone
Which of the following devices do you already own? Multiple answers possible, percentages, 2019
TV Computer Tablet PC Smartphone 100
95 90
80 75 70
60 51 50 47 43 40 39 42 33 30 30
26 20 20 17
10 13 6 6 4 0 6-7 years 8-9 years 10-11 years 12-13 years
Source: Berg/Bitkom 2019, p. 4. Basis: n=915, 6-18 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 63 How do children meet with their friends?
If you want to meet friends, how do you usually do that? 2020, by age, percentages 51 Already arrange a meeting at school/kindergarten 45 38 26 2 Write a text message, for instance via WhatsApp 9 30 40 20 I just go over 17 9 4 13 Call on the landline 11 4 3 6-7 years 5 8-9 years Making a mobile phone call 8 7 10-11 years 9 12-13 years 4 We always meet at the same place 6 4 5 11 Sending messages, for instance via WhatsApp 4 7 12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 47. Basis: n=1,216, 6- to 13-year-olds
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 64 Activities of children on PC/laptop, smartphone and tablet
Percentages of contacts, selection
PC/Laptop Smartphone Tablet 70
60
57 50
45 40 41
30
27 20 20 17 10 13 13 11 12 7 1 2 2 2 0 Watching videos Playing games Learning for school Surfing the internet Using social networks
Source: Fourscreen Touchpoints Kids 2019, p. 26 Base: n=413 children 8-13 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 65 Tablets are important to small children, smartphones to older children
What devices do you use at least from time to time? Multiple answers possible, comparison 2014 and 2017, percentages
120
100 97 Smartphone
82 80 81 78 74 66
60 Tablet PC 56 54
40
20
0 6-7 years 8-9 years 10-11 years 12-13 years
Source: Berg/Bitkom 2019, p. 2. Basis: n=915, 6-18 years.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 66 What do German children use tablets for?
By frequency, 2020 (percentages)
(Nearly) every day Once/several times a week Rarely Never
Surfing the web 19 34 24 23
Playing games 15 39 22 24
Looking at pictures/ 9 37 38 15 watching videos
Drawing 4 19 30 47
0 20 40 60 80 100
Source: KIM-Studie 2020, p. 23. Basis: n=554, 6-13 years; Tablet PC users.
© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 67 Sources
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© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 68 Sources
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© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 69 Sources
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© International Central Institute for Youth and Educational Television (IZI) Page 70