Preslia 86: 193–207, 2014 193

Kamptonema (, ), a new genus derived from the polyphyletic Phormidium on the basis of combined molecular and cytomorphological markers

Kamptonema (Microcoleaceae, Cyanobacteria), nový rod odvozený z polyfyletického rodu Phormidium podle kombinovaných molekulárních a cytomorfologických znaků

Otakar S t r u n e c k ý1,2, Jiří K o m á r e k1,2 & Jan Š m a r d a3

1Institute of Botany, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Třeboň, Dukelská 135, CZ-37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected], jiri.komarek@ ibot.cas.cz; 2Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno-Bohunice, Czech Republic, e-mail: [email protected]

Strunecký O., Komárek J. & Šmarda J. (2014): Kamptonema (Microcoleaceae, Cyanobacteria), a new genus derived from the polyphyletic Phormidium on the basis of combined molecular and cytomorphological markers. – Preslia 86: 193–207.

Based on strains obtained from various regions and selected from the CCALA collection (Institute of Botany AS CR) in Třeboň, a special clade of the order (Cyanobacteria), was iden- tified and defined during a taxonomic revision of filamentous cyanobacteria. This study involved combined molecular, cytomorphological and ecological analysis. The new cluster, evaluated as a new genus, Kamptonema, is based on a clonal population from thermal waters in Dax, France, and corresponds to the type species, originally described as “Oscillatoria animalis” Agardh 1927 from thermal springs in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. Members of this new generic unit occur in vari- ous freshwater habitats throughout the world and play an important role (production of biomass) in central European aquatic ecosystems, e.g. in many periodical puddles and pools. The genus Kamptonema, with type species K. animale (Agardh 1927) comb. nova, is characterized by its sepa- rate position in a phylogenetic tree, its relatively thin unbranched filaments, characteristic cellular ultrastructure and lack of sheaths, heterocytes and akinetes. The type species is ecologically dis- tinct, occurring in thermal springs. The necessary taxonomic and nomenclatoric transfers of related taxa are included in this article.

K e y w o r d s: cyanobacteria, cyanophytes, ecology, molecular sequencing, morphology, Oscillatoria- les,

Introduction Our view of cyanobacterial diversity changed after the 16S rDNA based molecular approach to cyanobacterial taxonomy was introduced particularly after the 1980. Numer- ous newly described taxonomic units were determined by various taxonomists leading to reevaluations and taxonomic revisions of many species and genera. The most recent revi- sion of the Oscillatoriales using the polyphasic approach was compiled by Komárek & Anagnostidis (2005), however, the amount of genetic data available, when this compre- hensive work was produced, was not good enough for a complete resolution of genera and species of simple filamentous cyanobacteria. 194 Preslia 86: 193–207, 2014

As the main morphological and taxonomic markers of species belonging to the genus Phormidium were used the shapes of cells and filaments, types of end cells and facultative presence of sheaths. Initially, 29 species were described for the genus Phormidium (Gomont 1892, starting point for this genus), whereas there are 85 species in Geitler’s monograph (1932) and more than 260 taxonomic names in the list of Phormidium-species by Drouet (1968). Komárek & Anagnostidis (2005) present 163 validly described species, of which many, based on modern criteria, are reclassified and relocated to