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Mononchina . Ii. Prionchulus Spectabilis Ditlevsen, 1911

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Mononchina . Ii. Prionchulus Spectabilis Ditlevsen, 1911 ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2004, 54(3): 491-509 REVISION OF THE GENUS PRIONCHULUS COBB, 1916 NEMATODA: MONONCHINA. II. PRIONCHULUS SPECTABILIS DITLEVSEN, 1911 COBB, 1916 AND RELATED SPECIES Grayna Winiszewska1 and Andrij Susulovsky2 1Department of Systematics and Zoogeography, Museum and Institute of Zoology, PAS, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland 2State Museum of Natural History, Theatralna str. 18, L’viv 79008, Ukraine Abstract.— This paper deals with eight species belonging to the genus Prionchulus Cobb, 1916. P. sp e c tabi li s Ditlevsen, 1911) and P. l ong u s (Thorne, 1929) are redescribed on the basis of the type material. Six new species: P. kral li sp. nov., P. pinophilus sp. nov., P. p ol oni - cus sp. nov., P. pseudolongus sp. nov., P. s e pte ntr i onali s sp. nov., and P. thor ne i sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Key words.— Morphology, nematodes, new species, Prionchulus, taxonomy. Introduction Taxonomy This is a fifth paper in a series of publications on the taxonomy of the species belonging to the Prionchulus spectabilis (Ditlevsen, 1911) Cobb, 1916 genus Prionchulus Cobb, 1916 (Winiszewska 2002, (Figs 1–9) Susulovsky and Winiszewska 2002, Winiszewska and Susulovsky 2003, Susulovsky, Winiszewska and Gagarin Mononchus spectabilis Ditlevsen, 1911: 224. 2003). This genus encompass several species related to Mononchus (Prionchulus) spectabilis: Cobb 1916: 196. P. spectabilis Ditlevsen, 1911), which are characterized Prionchulus spectabilis: Andrássy 1958: 157. by having asymmetrical buccal cavity, long uterus, well Prionchulus spectabilis: Loof 1991: 174–179 [redescription and desi- gnation of lectotype]. developed valvular apparatus with inner sclerotization surrounded by muscles present between uterus and ovi- Description. Measurements: see Table 1. duct and presence of the several pairs of caudal papillae Female. Relaxed specimens arcuate ventrad only in on male tail. posterior body part. Body tapering towards both extremi- P. spectabilis Ditlevsen, 1911) and P. l ong u s (Thorne, ties. Maximum body width at the level of vulva. Cuticle 1929) are redescribed on the basis of the type material. smooth, 2–4 µm thick. Cuticular pores big and numer- Six new species: P. kral li sp. nov., P. pinophilus sp. nov., P. ous, arranged along the body (excluding tail) in four polonicus sp. nov., P. pseudolongus sp. nov., P. s e pte ntr i - rows on each side: one subventral, one subdorsal and two onalis sp. nov., and P. thor ne i sp. nov. are also described sublateral. Tail with one pair of subventral, one pair of and illustrated. Apart from mentioned above eight spe- sublateral and one or two pairs of subdorsal pores. cies to this group belongs also P. maj or Gagarin, 2001. Lip region rounded, continuous with body contour. Its redescription has been given in one of the previous Labial and cephalic papillae of the same size, conical. paper (Susulovsky, Winiszewska and Gagarin 2003). Amphid cup-like, its aperture 5 µm wide, making up ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2004, 54(3): 511-514 THE SOUTH AMERICAN MILLIPEDE GENUS PHANEROMERIUM VERHOEFF, 1941, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW CAVERNICOLOUS SPECIES FROM BRAZIL DIPLOPODA: POLYDESMIDA: FUHRMANNODESMIDAE Sergei Golovatch1 and Jolanta Wytwer2 1Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071 (V-71), Russia; e-mail: [email protected] 2Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.— Considering the discovery of a new cave-dwelling species in northeastern Brazil, the Neotropical millipede genus Phaneromerium Verhoeff, 1941 currently encom- passes ten species, all keyed. P. cavernicolum sp. nov. from Bahia, Brazil is mainly character- ised by some traits of troglomorphism and certain details of gonopod structure. Key words.— Diplopoda, Fuhrmannodesmidae, Phaneromerium, Phaneromeruim caver- nicolum, key, cave, Brazil. Introduction species shows some troglomorphic characters, it still remains to prove if we truly face a troglobite. The pres- The millipede genus Phaneromerium Verhoeff, ent paper is devoted to its description and to a key to all 1941 has long been recognised as especially primi- of its congeners. tive structurally, even basal among the Neotropical Fuhrmannodesmidae (Golovatch 1992, 1994). The fol- lowing diagnosis has been proposed (Golovatch 1994): Taxonomy gonocoxae relatively little enlarged, lacking both a cav- ity (= the so-called gonocoel) and lateral apophyses; Phaneromerium cavernicolum sp. nov. telopodites virtually fully exposed, relatively simple, (Figs 1–15) each supplied with at least one, largely two distofemoral processes; solenomere from eventually missing to large. Type material. Holotype. ♂, Brazil, Bahia, Mun. Phaneromerium has hitherto been known to encom- Santana, Gruta do Padre, July 1987, leg. F. Chaimowicz; pass nine species: P. obtusangulum (Carl, 1914), the housed in the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São type-species from Colombia, P. l ati ce p s (Kraus, 1954), Paulo (MZSP), Brazil. Paratype. All specimens were col- P. l ong ip es (Kraus, 1954), P. minimum (Kraus, 1954), lected at the same locality and on the same date: 4 ♀♀ P. robustum (Kraus, 1955), P. taulisense (Kraus, 1954), (MZSP), 1 ♀ housed in the Museum and Institute of all five from Peru, P. distinctum Golovatch, 1994, P. Zoology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (MIZ), Warsaw, latum Golovatch, 1994, P. minutum Golovatch, 1994, all Poland, 1 ♀ housed in the Zoological Museum of the three from Brazil. Thus far all Phaneromerium species Moscow State University (ZMUM), Moscow, Russia. have only been encountered in epigean habitats in the Etymology. To emphasize cavernicolous habit. Andes or Central Amazonia. The discovery of a new Diagnosis. Differs from congeners by the particu- cave-dwelling congener, likely a troglobite, extends the larly simple, biramous gonopods coupled with a number distribution of this genus both to northeastern Brazil of presumed troglomorphic traits such as unpigmented and to a subterranean environment. Although this new teguments, highly elongated and slender appendages. ANNALES ZOOLOGICI (Warszawa), 2004, 54(3): 515-518 BURSHTYNOGENA FERECI GEN. AND SP. NOV. EPHEMEROPTERA: HEPTAGENIIDAE FROM EOCENE BALTIC AMBER Roman J. Godunko1* and Elbieta Sontag2 1State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Teatral’na str. 18, 79008 L’viv, Ukraine; e-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] *To whom the correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed Abstract.— Burshtynogena fereci gen. and sp. nov. from Eocene Baltic amber is described and illustrated. Burshtynogena gen. nov. differs from other known Heptageniidae genera by the combination of the following characters: pterostigmatic area only with simple, not anas- tomoused veins; furcasternal protuberances of mesothorax almost rectangular; hind wing narrow (the width/length ratio = 0.45) with well developed venation; tarsal claws dissimilar on all legs; subgenital plate small, narrow, poorly developed, shallow sinuous; subanal plate with slightly concave posterior margin. Key words.— Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae, Burshtynogena, Burshtynogena fereci, Eocene, Baltic amber. Introduction (Demoulin, 1965). Descriptions and illustrations of larvae and imagoes of several fossil heptageniids, designated as Fossil amber fauna of Heptageniidae Needham, “Rhithrogena sp.”, “Stenonema sp.” and “Heptageniidae” 1901 includes ten species. The very first record of fos- were published by Demoulin (1968), Lewis and Wehr sil remains of this family was published by Demoulin (1993), Wichard and Weitschat (1998). (1956), who described Electrogenia dewalschei Demoulin, In this paper the description and illustration of the 1956 from Baltic amber and attributed it to the sub- female subimago of Burshtynogena fereci gen. and sp. nov. family Arthropleinae Balthasar, 1937 (at present this from Eocene Baltic amber are presented. The combination genus together with the Holarctic genus Arthroplea of distinguishing characters, which allow separating the Bengtsson, 1908 have been attributed to a separate fam- new genus from other genera of the family Heptageniidae ily Arthropleidae Balthasar, 1937). Demoulin (1968) has (from Cinygma and Rhithrogena s. l.) is given. described seven species of Heptageniidae from Oligocene Morphological terminology follows Edmunds and Baltic amber from winged stages and attributed them Traver (1954), and Kluge (1994). to three modern genera, viz. Heptagenia Walsh, 1863 (five species), Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (one species) and Cinygma Eaton, 1885 (one species). Kluge (1986) has Taxonomy reported about the finding of fossil remains of a male imago of extant species Kageronia fuscogrisea (Retzius, Heptageniidae Needham, 1901 1783) in Late Eocene Baltic amber. Finally, Sinitshenkova (2000) has described a new genus and species Amerogena Burshtynogena gen. nov. macrops Sinitshenkova, 2000 from two specimens of female imagoes from Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber. Type species. Burshtynogena fereci sp. nov., by present Only one species of Heptageniidae has been described designation. from amber in the larval stage, namely Succinogenia Diagnosis. Female subimago. Burshtynogena gen. nov. larssoni Demoulin, 1965 from Oligocene Baltic amber is distinguished from all other genera of Heptageniidae
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