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Home , Wilson Cary Nicholas

Governor Cabell and the Republican Schism in 1805--08

By ' D \ l ;'I. ~r. l :'\ E

HE YE.\R 1 5- were Lryin · on for the R publi an P,u-t T and it leaclcr Pre idem Th m JeIT r on. During th i pe1iocl pany unanimit} uff red !!Teall, a a trugole between meml~e1 to inl1e.rit the mamle f I ader hip from Jcl er on level p d 11 t a eriou i.chi m. By I th Republican w re [or the fir l tim unable to unit olidl on a andidate fot Pre id nt.' 'he mo l significant c 11tc t for l acler hip , m ng tll pany member took place in Virginia, the Pre id nt' hom · tat . H 1 th pan had been formed before progrcs i11r t a position al national a encl. n y und r .J IT 1 on. Aft 1 3 the rule l Repub­ lican within the tale pra ticall I went unc 11t' ted. ~nthu. i m for the Loui iana Pur ha , par i ularly in th r nn r Fed 1 ali t trongholds of the tra montan ounn ·, and an in rYal l mm ual e onomi prop rt in the Piedmont and th Vall y, t mp raril cru h d ederali m in Virginia. 2 But the un hallenoed Rc:publi Parl oon e. perience

'Mr.. ai~t"I, now ,a Tulbrigh1 scholar. i_n Ei:1i1land.,!ec~i:cd hi, B.A. hom W:uhlnllll, 11 nntl lee 10 t9. o :ind 111 ~I..\. f~nm_th,· t: m,cml £ \ ir m,a io 19 1. H,· ; tan Ii 1:u. for Ph.D. degree from tbn1 msmuuon. ' '· " a GOVERNOR CABELL Al':D THE REPUBLICAN SCHISM 41

qu~te p_romin_ent i1:-.Virg~nia politics from 1725 on, were never united m. then- poht1~al v1cws. Cabell numbered among his uncles and cousrns. Republicans, Federalists, and "Randolphites."5 Yet Cabell, who m 1796 at the age of 24 served the first of his six terms as a delegate from Amherst, consistently voted Republican. The I~ouse Journals ~erify that he supported the Virginia Resolutions of 1798 and actively led the fight to make Virginia militarily independent. 6 Just as Cabell became governor the dissension in Republican ranks broke out into the open. Although it is impossible to recon­ struct Cabell's role as Lhat of a major instigator o[ the split-again perhaps due to scarcity of his personal records, it is possible to establish with finality his political actions and inclinations. In examining anew the course of the schism from 1805-1808, the con­ duct of Cabell confirms that during those years he remained, as previously, an active friend and admirer of Jefferson and his politi­ cal lieutenants. For the Republican opponents of , majority leader -that master of invective-was the Congressman around whom they rallied. The first hostility evidenced by Randolph toward President Jefferson and his Secretary of State came during the congressional debates of 1804 and early 1805 over the Yazoo land claims. Randolph was violently opposed to paying claimants for their lands. Madison, however, was one of a three-member national commission which investigated the claims of the lando·wners and reported that it was expedient for the government to compromise reasonably with the claimants.; During the debates Randolph gained a strong following in Virginia.s In December of 1804, young Thomas Ritchie, editor of the Republican Richmond Enquirer, praised Randolph's stand and urged Virginians to instruct their Congressmen to vote against the payments. But at the same time Ritchie was careful to defend the character and lofty motives of Madison.9 Al though differences of opinion existed, Randolph's open break with Jefferson did not come until after the impeachment of Justice Samuel Chase of the United States Supreme Court. Acting as manager for the administration in the Senate trial, Randolph personally led the fight to convict the jurist on eight counts of mis­ conduct in office. The acquittal of Chase in early 1805 brought the discredit of defeat on Randolph and dealt a severe blow to his party prestige. 'a The additional belief that Madison, o~e of his chief rivals in the contest to succeed Jefferson as Republican leader, was E IN Jll RY amu, d at th etl ck further ·mbiLLer ·d RandoJph. 11 B' th:n um­ mer John Randolph wa · expre mg hi di ati f Lion. with Lhe a

a loo 1 -knit group o{ · · ian known a uids am into enc ·. T hni aJJ} e1 id " a1 plied nly 10 "the litlle nal following , h · h n . uilt up in Congr ."•~ Yet th uid influence wa c e · and m Lhe 'ir · · le i lature a izeablc Republi an mi1 i i1 npath ·· anclolph, dcvel ped in opp iti n L th r I. cpubli- hi~ ne ,. r up, bound cogether onh omm f a Lion with the xi ting l art· lea 11 ba 11 n and a a group had t'tv cl twice a lo 11, in the l~l> a .had :\fcRae' ach ate , ther • i littJe t indi ate har t1 al cl1fferenc b twe n th tw riv,11 01•oup· [ rat r \ll w publican .•9 • GOVERNOR CABELL Ai'\D THl?: REPUBLICAN SCH!Si\-1 43

I_n the b~lloting Cabell defeated his opponent by the narrow mar?·rn of nme vote~, ninety-nine to ninety. Actually McRae received more Republi~an votes than did Cabell, for a substantial majority of the twenty-five Federalists voted for the latter. Thomas Ritchie doubted if even five Federalists cast their ballots for McRae. But Ritchie denied that the election of Cabell was a triumph .for the "Federalists, admitting, ho,vever, that the opposi­ tion had decided which Republican candidate was to be governor. The young editor went further, also denying that the outcome was a result of a coalition between Federalists and disgruntled Republicans. He could see no cause for alarm; since the new Gov­ ernor was "a republican in heart and in principle, his administra­ tion must be guided by the same patriotic spirit."~ 0 Ritchie's belief that William Cabell was a devoted Republican ,vas correct. But the fact remained that Federalists and Quids had joined hands in support of Cabell. Still this merger by itself could hardly have delivered the total number of votes necessary to secure victory for the Amherst legislator. Unquestionably many regular Republicans did not view the selection of a governor as a critical decision in a contest for power and in turn voted for Cabell. Though not as outs po ken as McRae, Cabell had been a loyal and hardworking Republican. His endeavors had been more than acceptable to the party regulars and his candidacy was certainly more appealing than McRae's to the party dissidents. At this time, Cabell and his former classmate, Randolph., were on friendly per­ sonal terms. 21 With regard to the Federalist support, Cabell had grown up in a family of divided political loyalties and had learned to live amicably with people of differing views. Furthermore, his second marriage in early 1805 to Agnes Gamble, daughter of the wealthy and prosperous Colonel Robert Gamble of Richmond, brought him into close contact with the prominent Richmond Federalists. 22 For Colonel Gamble, once a Republican, had become an ardent Federalist in 1798.23 Despite Ritchie's continued reassurances that all was well w_ith the Republican Party in the General Assembly, a pos_t-:lect10n uneasiness was evident. Virginia's Attorney-General, Ph1hp Nor­ borne Nicholas, wrote from Richmond to his brother Wilson Cary Nicholas, informing him of the outcome. Although he did not comment unfavorably, Philip Nicholas stressed the need for all able Republicans, such as his _broth~r a~~ John _Taylor, to offer ~hem­ selves for office again durmg this crmcal penod. He was convmce~ that "the turn which public affairs will essentially depend on 1s AY Ii\" 111S1 RY

the impul e gi en th m during one r two · ."· 1 J ,hn la~ I ,r of aroline n ted that in the.\ mbl of 6 th unanimi f the pa l wa mi · and a third p, · .' fe? · and the republican cniited from b r~n r 1 in Virginia." ~ . t ncl · ol the 1 L11or who had n J tak de · Rrt e n, . pre ed he 1 h . fin ( 1g out that hi uation of ll oyal Republic n had been , indi ared, · •d th, ilL agree on a an lidatc h, d reat an of "peculiar di tru l and a •ilation."~ 6 Jf th· nd lliou · R publi an v ti abdl thought ch . win him 10 their po iti adl mj tak n. The v rn r oon found hi, allied wiLh an entire t gi· up f · · , p Ii ti w r member [ Lhe l el ct Junt mall band of pr inem R.i hmond e \,ho graclua cw in powc1 until after the ,var I 1 12. 11 • r undi puta • 1c c ntrollin polit- i al p w ·r in Virginia. 2i 1 he Ju or Ri hm nd P · , ,· found d abo O.J by thn· influ hi cn- •r Roan, lent f the '\ir · 't hi· br ther-in-Ja . ohn rock n ·h nd

lat r pre iclc the Banko( Vir 0 inia, w r two of the origin. tor of thi Ian . he third part1 · in, I oma Rit ther th Y rcp1 11 on of judi ial, financial and journali ti int h ir ori ~inal aim· were t r · a.~ in·i 45 ures \;hich evidenced_ the existence of an opposition group.so Cabell~ first opportu:11ty to make clear in a public statement his evaluat10n of the nat10nal administration came in his annual mes­ sage to the Assembly in December of 1806. The Governor left no doubt in the minds of the representatives as to his sentiments about the Jeffersonian leadership when he proclaimed: By the most happy organization, our foreign relationships are entrusted Lo Lhe Federal Government, and they are now under the guidance of an administration, whose wisdom, virtue and unceasing solicitude for the public welfare command all our confidence .. _31 Although Virginia customarliy re-elected governors to three terms, it is surprising to note that Cabell was re-elected sbortly after this speech without the "slightest opposition."s 2 Several months later a drama unfolded in Richmond which illustrated the division in Republican ranks. This was the trial of Aaron Burr for his alleged conspiracy to dissever the United States. That the former Vice-President by his organized expedition had striven to annex Spanish possessions and also actually tried to separate some st.ates from the Union seems to be conclusively settled.ss Thxoughout 1806 the nation had viewed with some alarm reports of Burr's mysterious activities, and finally in the fall the President issued a proclamation for his arrest.34 v\Then the first inklings reached Jefferson concerning the q ues­ tionable intentions of Burr, the President had been reluctant to believe such news. Editor Ritchie shared this early disbelief. On the other hand many Federalists and Quids were the first to insist loudly that the nation was confronted by an ominous threat of dismemberment.35 Randolph was convinced in 1806 of the deter­ mination oI Burr to detach the United States' western lands.s6 The last-minute betrayal by Burr's confidant, General James '"'ilkinson, who was Governor of the Louisiana Territory and ranking officer of the Anny, resulted in Burr's capture in the Mis­ sissippi Territory early in 1807. On March 30 the former Vice­ President was brought before Chief Justice John Marshall in Rich­ mon for a preliminary hearing. After ordering Burr to appear before a grand jury for misdemeanor, not for treason, Marshall released the schemer under a ten-thousand-dollar bond. By this time the account of Burr's military preparations on Blennerhassett's Island and other damaging reports had reached Richmond and completely changed the views of many Jeffersonian Republicans in regard to the purpose of Burr's e_xpedition. 1~1 Richmond, Ritchie and Cabell felt reasonably certain that Burrs intentions and actions could easily have been treasonable. The ESSAY J, HI TORY

uid lerali ts al o did , n ab ut-face , nd wer pro I.timing Burr' i11no nee whil tr ing to di credit the .\dmini traci n. \'hile Rit ref rred lO ''Burr'- n pirac ," the opp iti m u ed the -pre i , "Burr' Pr jcct."s; Richmond had p rhap From all ov r th nation in fi ,·c or i ti d pc m · ' th :011ng er \\ Ir · , eel b) the p of a · n un t OJ · t out ·a d alon a • 0 \\TOl, hi you r,- othe rr 1 anxiety was g1 1a11 kn o Jn chi at i- o n ion nd publi t: · it m m Burr, ·ait •al ( the grand jur 1-- ,,a in cl 1 ion.1blc Fed ra · ( Richmond . • he bl ml , Vi pat d n e in p, th , 1hat th an inno enc man wa bei11 rn al 11 al 1 till main- tain· a o oroughl) di.gu ·ith the J l . eed Te wa • John "\fa1 ha11 •cl th pa1 ty giv i n ighb . 1 Wi kham, at wh1 h "a a gu • t. ab d that Lhe trial wa to a I tu n,t. 1 he u II ft- n overnor cxplocl

ompl t I · mad 1hi a , fl)• qu tion. [h 1 • 1111bl11'11it1 I • a th:n lh pro. · uti n ori ·nate

Finally on lay 22, 1 i, ·and jur wa impanel d, and far hall appointed Jeff r on' bitter niti John Rand Jph a it forem, n. mon th> nam ( th di tingui h cl juror wa th G vcrnor' r~ther, Jo eph . ab 11. .\ri l crati John Wickham, h ad of the Richmond bar, and th mbhtcr>d ~dmund Ran I Jph et e~ a coun el for Lhe d fen idin them w r I \ nlv uth r 1amn and young B njamin 11 four wtt Fl'd rali t and GOVERNOR CABELL AND THE REPUBLICAN SCHISM 47 shared an intense dislike for Jefferson. For the prosecution District Attorney George Hay enlisted the help of William Wirt and Ale~ander ~lcRae, now Li~utenant-Governor. The trial lagged until the arnval of the k~y witness, General v\Tilkinson, on June 15. After a_ tu:·bulen~ fortnight during which the loquacious soldier almost md1ct~d l~1mse1£by hi.s testimony, the grand jury on June 24 returned an 111dictment against Aaron Burr for treason and mis­ demeanor.41 The trial began in August, and the acquittal of Burr several weeks later came as a keen disappointment not only to Governor Cabell but to many other Virginians. Cabell earnestly believed that a public display of the entire proceedings would once and for all damn Burr and his friends.4 2 Consequently he appealed to his brother who, as a juror, had taken voluminous notes of all the evidence and testimony offered the distinguished grand jury. Cabell, though bothered a little by the impropriety of such a move, ·was anxious for his friend Ritchie to publish the younger Cabell's records in the Richmond Enquirer.4s Although Ritchie was eager, Joseph declined to place the notes before the public at this time.44 On June 22, just before the grand jury's indictment against Burr, the British cruiser Leopard made its extra-ordinary attack on the Chesapeake.45 The President's Proclamation of early July order ing British warships out of American territorial waters was original­ ly opposed in Virginia only by those citizens who felt that stronger relatiatory measures were in order. The patient Jefferson, hopeful of receiving satisfaction from the British, tried to avoid open con­ flict. vVhen CongTess met in the late fall, the President's answer to the problem of impressment was an embargo, virtually interdicting all commerce with foreign nations. John Randolph, in another queer reversal, bitterly denounced the Embargo Act in Congress. However there were in Virginia many loyal Republicans who, though desiring stronger measures, nevertheless supported the Em­ bargo. Ritchie, Roane, W. C. Nicholas, and United States Senator ·william Giles fell into this category.46 Jefferson's political lieutenant, v~. '?·Nicholas, wh? l:a

The •mbl of lidi)' b •bin er n' action Imo t u mou 1) uti n prai~ h Pre iidc wa Ii . ·1 he mat d,· whom to J b R '

ould not t I rale hi upp ncr:-. \\'illiam "·in, ,m old and clo r [ri nd, sou1 d ·d a familiar n Le wlw11 be wroLe 1 Ionroe t hi rcfu al to h Ip: !though p 1--onall\' mo1c wa11nl atlachcd to ou than :.rr. ~radi­ -.on. I r I no,, \ u nrnui btcller, .ind allhough I lhought 1l would mal-. ven little clifI 1 ·nee 10 the happin of the people of the ·niu:d late . which of ,ou was l'r iclent, t for politi , I con- sicl rntiom, r p1 ·!erred fr. ;\ladi.on. I w •nt furth r ... J adcle,1 that I m11d1 fea1 ·d, H ,our hiend persi ted in runnin ,·ou .. that it mij:\IH ha,c a pcrman IHI ill en· ton your politi :;I tand­ in ... l feared lh,11 t.hcr • wa · dan I lhat the I eoplc of th l"nitl·d ta! mi'1;lll id •11tify ,ou with that minority ... ,Lh • oppon­ enb of th• pr·- ·nL m t p pular admini tration.r,1,

I h or on c agah1 ali •11e · with. Ll Llltl and the par r. Re1 I ·in° Lo . ·i o w rk fev ri hi m h nomination of Ia abcll ag cl Lhat Lh h onh choi e added that G vemor ffi ially pa te it th cainpainn, 1 uL i hing I uer i Enquirer calling for Lhe el· Lio1 pl ·dg rl 10 l\[: . , bell al o p inr

and the other reo-ularsb entertained little £ear of the Quids and Federalists in Virginia. The Monroe followers offered a set of electors and continued campaigning bitterly, but small doubt of the outcome existed. Shortly before the election Cabell commented that thouo-h the Richmond opposition employed "unexampled exertion" in their effort to rally supporters of their candidate, he was certain that Monroe's candidacy was finished. 60 The Virginia returns in November supported him. Madison received 12,4.51 votes to 2,770 for J:vionroe and 435 for Pinckney. In the nation the regular Republican nominee garnered 12 2 of 176 electoral votes, with most of the opposing votes coming from Federalist New Eng-land states. 61 Monroe received no electoral votes. Before Cabell concluded his final year as Governor, he had earned for himself a place of confidence within the controlling political clique in the state. In the space of two years he had become a trusted advisor and co-worker of Republican "\,Villjam ,,virt, Spencer Roane, Thomas Ritchie and ,,\Tilson Cary Nicholas. His original rival in the Republican Party, Alexander :rvicRae, by con­ trast now found himself ostracized from party councils. The Rich­ mond lawyer had been chastised for his support of Monroe when the controlling Republicans in the Assembly ousted him from the Council of State after the Madison nomination was effected.62 Cabell, hmvever, was rewarded for his conscientious servjces as Gov­ ernor when the General .Assembly appointed him a Judge of the General Court in December of 1808. Three years later he was elected to the Council of State and elevated to the Virginia Supre1ne Court of Appeals. During the eleven years before his death :in 1853, Cabell served as President of that distinguished judicial body. Thus during his lifetime he attained the unusual distinction of becomino-- .::i head of both the executive and J·udicial branches of Viro-iniao .::,o-ov- ernment. Although his long stay on the bench received recognition, he was known as the "Mansfield of Virgin.ia,"63 his political career as governor has far too long gone unrevealed. However Cabell's public expressions of confidence in the Jefferson .Admi;1istration his c_onvicti~ns against Burr and his followers, and his loyalty t~ Madison, Nicholas and the Republican lieutenants dispel all doubts GOVERNOR CABELL AND THE RF.PUBLICAN SCHISM 51 as to allegiance. Governor Cabell was neither Quid nor Federa1ist, ~ut rather a staunch supporter of Thomas Jefferson and the Repub­ lican regulars in Virginia.

1 Irving Brant, James Madi~on, _Secr~tary. of State ISoo-1808 (Indianapolis, 1953), 380-81. 2 ChaT!es Ambler. _Sect,onnl1<;71in Virg_"''": from rn6-r86I (Chicago, 1910), 81-82. 3 lo lus Yaluable. biography, Thomas R1tc/11e, A Stlldy in Virginia Politics (Richmond, ,91s), Charles Ambler infers that_ C~b_ell ')'as a <;).uid _or Federalist (p. 32), which was not the case. Orher students of Viripnm history in_ thrs penod, sucb as Harry Ammon in his masterful. w?r~. The Rep_ublicao Party tn Virginia, 1789-1824 (Ph.D. Dissertation, Univer­ s1t)' of V1r~in1a, 19_48), simply shy away from classifying Cabell. 4- Tn combing_ ard11vcs for Cabell records, such as those at Hampden-Sydney and William a1?d Ma1r (h1~ undergraduate and law schools), the Library of Congi-ess, the Virginia State Library, a11d m the voluminous Cabell collections at the University of Virginia, this writer could find no manuscript in Cabcll's handwriting dated prior to 1799. Only about a hundred personal leuers wr,nen before 1809 were discovered. 5 For example, during the twenty years preceding Ca bell's first term in the legislature ( 1796), there were at least two Cabell's from Amherst in the Virginia Assembly every year except one. In 1795 one of \Villiam H. Cabell's brothers-in-law was sheriff, another was Congressman, and eight Cabells or husbands of Cabell girls were justices of the peace in Amherst. Earl G. Swem and John M. Williams, A Register of the r.eneral Assembly of Virginia, 1776-1918, and of the Co11sli/ulional Conventions (Richmond, 1918), 1-45; Alexander Brown, The Cabe/ls and Their Kin (Richmond, 1939), 131ff. 6 Jo11r11a/ of the f-1011.,eof Delegates, I798-99 (Richmond, 1798), 20, 27-34, 77-78. For the most rnmpletc and accurate account o( the debate<,, see The Virginia Resolutiom of Decem- ber 2r, r798. ThP Debates and Proceedings . . (Richmond, 1850), 24-156. 7 In , 795 the Georgia Legislature had hecn bribed into selling 35,000 acres of western or Yazoo land to four land companies for about one and one half ceo~ pe1· acre. The following year the state legislature repealed the action, but meanwhile most of the land had been sold for a large profit to third parties. Georgia later ceded the controversial land for a modest sum to the United States with a reservation that the United States adjust unsettled private rlaims. Randolph fPlt the commissioners were dealing with cr90ks in compromising and believed Georgia possessed the right to rescind the sale. Madison thought it necssary 10 recompense innocent ,·ictims and was uncertain as to the constitutionality of Georgia's annulment. Brant, Madison, Secretary of Stale, 234-40. 8 Ambler, /Wrltie, 30-31. 9 Richmond Enquirer, Dec. 15, 1806. 10 Brant, Mndison,._ Secretary of State, 250. 11 William Cahell lHUCC, John Randolph of Roanol

30 Ammon, Republican Party, 331. 31 Enquirer, 5 Dec 1806. 32 Ibid., 8 Dec. 1806. C · ('1 y k 33 For a convincing argument, see Thomas P. Abernethy, The Burr 011spirac)• "ew or·, 1954). 34 Branl, Madi.son, Secretar)' of State, 340-349. 35 Ambler, Ritchie, 37-39. 36 Bruce, Ra11dolph, I. 299. 37 Ambler, Ritchie, 39. 38 Alben J. Beveridge, Life of John Marshall (4 vols., Boston, 1919), III, 400. 39 Cabell to J. C. Cabell, 2 Ap.-. 1807, Cabell Papers, UVA. . . . 40 Cabell to J. C. Cabell, 9 Apr. 1807, Cabell Papers, UVA. As d1d R1tch1e, Cabell usually used the term "Federalist" also to include Quids. 41 Aberneth)', B11rr, 234-40. 42 Cabell to J. C. Cabell, S Sept. 1807, Cabell Papers, UVA. 4 3 Cabell to J. C. Cabell (day and month unknown) 1807, Cabell Papers, UVA. 44 Carol M. Tanner, Joseph C. Cabell (Ph.D. Dissert_ation, University of Virgi_nia, 1!)48),_ ~4- 45 In making impressment demands for the first ~1me on a U:S. Navy sb,p, the Brms_h killed three and wounded eighteen Americans durmg the surpnse auack off the Virgm,a coast. Gov. Cabell temporarily actil'ated almost 3,000 mililia-men to patrol the Chesapeake area. See bis official correspondence for June-July in the Executive Leuer Book, 1807, Virginia State Library, Richmond. 46 Ambler, Ritchie, 43; Dice R. Anderson, William Branch Ciles: A Study i11 lhe Politics of flirgi11ia a11tl the Nation {mm 1790 to 1830 (Menasha, \Vis., 1941 ), 113. Virginia's other Senator at thiS Lime, Andrew Moore, also supported the administration. freeman H. Hart, "Andrew Moore," jn Dictio-na,-y of American Biography, Allen Johnson and Dumas Malone, eds., (20 vols., New York, 1928-36), XIII, 113-14. 47 Cabell to W. C. Nicholas, 9 Jan. 1808, Wilson Cary Nicholas Papers, Library o[ Congress. 48 Ammon, Republican Party, 3, t. 49 The main effect of the Embargo in Virginia was to revive Federalilt strength, particularly in the Congressional and AssembJi• elections of 1808. Ambler, Sectio11a/ism i11 Vfrgi11ia, 8;-88. 50 Bruce, lfa11do/ph, l, 350. 51 Ambler, Ritchie, 47-50. Beach, Roane, 60. 52 Generally this centered around the Monroe-Pinkney Treaty of 1806 with England which, because of its failure to settle the impressment question, was ne,·er accepted by the administration. 53 Ambler, Sectionalism in Vi,·ginia, 89; Bruce, Randolph, I, 332. 54 Ambler, Sectionalism i11 Virginia, 89. 55 Wirt to Monroe, 8 Feb. 1808, in Kennedy, ed., ll"irt, I, 208-29. 56 Cabell to W. C. Nicholas, g Jan. 1808, Wilson Car)' Nicholas Papers. W. C. :-.richola.s bad worked for Madison from the outset. For his part in the campaign, sec Elinor J. Weeder, Wilson Cary Nicholas, Jefferson's Lieutenant (M.A. Thesis, Uni"ersily of Virginia, 1946), 89£f. 57 Ammon, Republican Party, 310, 316. Other promincm Virginians, all intimately con­ nected by blood or friendship wit.b Monroe or his backers, who joined the l\lonroe ca.mp were Henry St. George Tucker, Randolph's half-brother, see Armistead Dobie "Henry St. George Tucker''. in D.A.B., XIX, 32-33; Benjamin Watkins Leigh, son-in-i'a"' of Jobn i\,_farshall and !nend of Randolph, see Robert Tunstall, "Benjamin Watkins Leigh," D.A .B., XI, 152-53; Littleton W. Tazewell, also a friend of Randolph and former student of John Wickham, see Wendell Stephenson, "Lillleton Waller Tazewell," D.A.B., XVUI, 355-56. Most complete juformation on Hay is in Robert Cotterill, "George Hay," D.,-1.B., VllI, -129-30. 58 E11q"ir·r, 23 Jan. 1808. In addition to lbe Quids, Federalists also attended the !\l.onroc meeting. Anderson, Giles, 124. 59 Ibid., 124-25. 60 C;,bell to J. C. Cabell, 19 Oct. 1808, Cabell Papers, UVA. 61 Anderson, Giles, 127. 62 Ammon, Republican Party, 326. 63 Washington Natio71al fntellige11cer, 18 June 1853.