DOCSLIB.ORG

Ethnicity and the Utilization of Non- Wood Forest Products: Findings from Three Philippine Villages

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ethnicity and the Utilization of Non- Wood Forest Products: Findings from Three Philippine Villages Silva Fennica 37(1) research articles Ethnicity and the Utilization of Non- Wood Forest Products: Findings from Three Philippine Villages Celeste Lacuna-Richman Lacuna-Richman, C. 2003. Ethnicity and the utilization of non-wood forest products: fi ndings from three Philippine villages. Silva Fennica 37(1): 129–148. The utilization and trade of non-wood forest products in three villages in the Philippines were compared in this study. Two villages were situated close to each other on the Island of Palawan. The Tagbanua, an indigenous people, inhabited one village; migrants from the Visayas Region of the Philippines populated the other. The third village is located on the Island of Leyte, in the Visayas Region, populated by native Visayan settlers. There was no signifi cant difference in the number of NWFPs utilized by the indigenous people and the migrants. However, there was a wide disparity in income between the two groups, with migrants earning more, partly due to the marketing of commercial NWFPs. This gap could be decreased by fairer trading practices that are dependent in part on better educational opportunities, land rights, legal assistance and access to markets for the Tag- banua. Specifi c socioeconomic characteristics, such as the presence of a hunter within the household and size of the family were found to have a positive correlation with the use of NWFPs in some study villages. Income and the food expenditure of the household were inversely related with the use of NWFPs in the native Visayan village. Keywords non-wood forest products (NWFPs), indigenous people, migrants, subsistence, market, Philippines Author’s address Faculty of Forestry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland E-mail [email protected].fi Received 9 April 2002 Accepted 18 December 2002 129 Silva Fennica 37(1) research articles 1 Introduction resources, since the economic system absorbs most of the functions that the ecological system 1.1 Indigenous People and Migrants has had previously for more subsistence-based societies. These functions include providing food, This study examines the relationship between shelter, medicine, and other necessities without non-wood forest product (NWFP) use and the the need for direct extraction or production of indigenous or migrant status of the users. In the desired goods. However, the negative effect the continuing discourse on political, economic, of this lack of friction is an economic develop- and social class, ethnicity is often included as ment that cannot possibly be sustained unless the an explanatory variable. This is particularly closer interactions between the economy and the true in some countries in Africa and the Asia- spatial and temporal limits of the ecosystem are Pacifi c region, where many indigenous groups restored. are still defi ning their standing within a political In the Philippines, most of the remaining for- and economic environment and where they are ests are located in the uplands and mountainous often a less powerful subclass in the hegemony areas. These areas are among the last bastions of (Howard 1989). Although the discussion on indigenous people, of which the Philippines has ethnicity frequently revolves around the legal approximately 127 groups (ESSC 1998). ‘Indig- rights of indigenous people and their disentitled enous’ and ‘ethnic’ within the Philippine context status in the larger economy (La Vina 1994), require some clarifi cation, because ethnic status there seems to be a tacit assumption that despite is not so much based on racial background, as it is their disadvantages, at some level, the needs of on the position of the group in a broader historical indigenous people are being met. This idea may context. Jocano (1998) suggests that it is based be based mostly on two observations. The fi rst on shared cultural similarities, and the level of is their continued existence as a distinct group integration into the larger society. Historically, within the larger population, which is not pos- the indigenous groups in the Philippines were sible if they are not able to sustain their way of of the same Malay-Polynesian background as life. The second is the environments in which people of the dominant lowland culture, but had indigenous groups usually live, which are often not been colonized by either the Spanish in the the least developed and accessible areas, likely 1500s or by the Americans at the turn of the last the last pieces of wilderness left. It is normally century. The confl icts and compromises related assumed that there is less competition for land to the use of natural resources are particularly and other natural resources in these areas from critical in the Philippines, because of the rapid the non-indigenous population. population increase, and heavy in-migration to The reality is much more complicated. As the uplands (World Resources Institute 1992). Devalle (1989) suggests, even the scientifi c study In many cases, the immigrants have very limited (of tribes) has succumbed to stereotype, denot- options not only in their original locale because ing aspects such as culture or various modes of of scarce agricultural land (Findley and De Jong production as part of a (human) taxonomy. The 1985), but also lack education and skills for result of categorization according to ethnic types employment in urban settings (Suzuki 1996, belies the realities that indigenous people deal Veloro 1996, Homer-Dixon, as cited in Huby with as part of the historical process. Some of 1998). Migrant encroachment on livelihood these realities include an increased dependence activities of the already severely disadvantaged on trade with the non-indigenous population indigenous people, such as NWFP extraction, rather than maintaining an essentially subsist- often occurs. Analyses of the factors affecting ence livelihood, and greater competition for the use of limited resources are needed to dispel forest resources with migrants into their area. erroneous beliefs of either sustainable or baneful Mark (1999) describes some of the historical user groups, especially if national policies are to effects of greater integration into the monetary some extent based on what may be stereotypes. economy. He proposes that the effects include less friction between common users of natural 130 Lacuna-Richman Ethnicity and the Utilization of Non-Wood Forest Products: Findings from Three Philippine Villages 1.2 Non-Wood Forest Products (FAO 2000; Gatmaytan 1997). However, there is evidence that even subsistence use of NWFPs Documentation of the importance of non-wood by indigenous people can lead to depletion unless forest products to the subsistence of forest dwellers there are also low population densities and secure (e. g. Appasamy 1993, Jensen and Balslev 1995) property rights for the extractors (Godoy et al and for rural income generation (e. g. Gunatilake 1993). Otherwise, confl ict between two or more et al 1993, LaFrankie 1994) in tropical countries groups dependent on the same dwindling natural is increasing. Studies regarding the different uses resource is often inevitable. Much of the confl ict of various plant and animal forest species to local is based on inequality in the ability and desire to populations, and valuation of NWFP potential per exploit the natural resources, another part of the hectare of forest, have also contributed greatly to problem is that of inequity in the distribution of the understanding of NWFPs role in economies benefi ts from such utilization (Huby 1998). Often and for forest conservation (Chopra 1993, Hall however, there are tenuous, informal but very and Bawa 1993). Godoy et al (1995) have done strict arrangements between the groups making an analysis of the effects of income levels on the use of the same resource (Aagesen 1998). Both kinds and quantities of non-wood forest product cooperation and competition for NWFP extraction extraction by various forest communities. They exists between indigenous people and migrants have concluded that although higher income can on the Island of Palawan, where the main part of be associated with a decline in the importance this study was conducted. of NWFPs within the household economy, it does not necessarily encourage specialization in the products foraged, nor does it necessarily 1.3 Objectives of the Study lessen the gross economic value of the NWFPs harvested. Wickramasinghe et al (1996) identi- The main objectives of this paper are fi rst, to fi ed some variables related to NWFP collection. describe as accurately as possible the local use Their primary fi ndings were that due partly to the of an important forest resource, in this case the labour availability in a household, family size was NWFP called bagtik or almaciga resin. This directly positively related to whether households NWFP is an exudate from the almaciga tree [Aga- collected commercial NWFPs or not, and that the this dammara (Lamb.) L. C., or Agathis philip- size of the agricultural land of a household, was pinensis Warb.] which is used for the manufacture inversely related to the quantities of NWFPs of varnish, paints and other industrial chemicals. collected. Yet, there are still many unanswered The second objective is to analyze the role of questions concerning the social and economic ethnicity in the management of forest resources, factors that affect the kind and level of NWFP which in the Philippines is one of the main criteria extraction. Some of these socioeconomic factors for certain types of forest stewardship arrange- include the indigenous status of the collectors. ments with the government. The last objective is This may affect aspects of NWFP extraction in to fi nd specifi c socioeconomic characteristics of various ways, such as familiarity with local plant NWFP users that correlate with their knowledge and animal species, and whether the quantities and use of NWFPs. harvested are mostly for subsistence use, for To accomplish these objectives, this paper market, or have reached the level that suggests is divided into two parts.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Batuan” [Garcinia Binucao (Blco.) Choisy] Seed Oil
    Annals of Tropical Research 37[2]:11-22(2015) © VSU, Leyte, Philippines Physicochemical Properties, Lipid and Fatty Acid Profile of “Batuan” [Garcinia binucao (Blco.) Choisy] Seed Oil Elizabeth S. Quevedo12 , Laura J. Pham , Florinia E. Merca 3 and Antonio C. Laurena4 1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte 6521-A,2 National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Los Baños Laguna,3 Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna,4 Institue of Plant Breeding, Crop Science Cluster, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna ABSTRACT The seed oil of “batuan” [Garcinia binucao (Blco.) Choisy] fruit, an indigenous, lesser known, and with promising economic potential, was characterized to evaluate its quality and potential for product development. Using standard AOAC methods, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography, the physicochemical properties, lipid and fatty acid profile were determined. Oil yield from “batuan” seeds was high. The extracted oil was yellowish white, soft solid at room temperature. Iodine value, acid value, and peroxide value of the seed oil were low while saponification value was high. Lipid presents in “batuan” seed oil is mostly triglycerides while diglycerides are in low amount. Unsaponifiable matter (<1.0%) was abundant in sterol, squalene and beta-carotene, and minor amount of Vit. A palmitate, - and -tocopherols. Stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), and palmitic (C16:0) acids were the major fatty acids while arachidic, linoleic, and linolenic acids constitute the minor components. “Batuan” seed oil contained more saturated fatty acids than the unsaturated fatty acids which could be responsible for its being a soft solid at room temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • [Garcinia Binucao (Blanco) Choisy] Fruit Powder Production
    Research Article EAEF 13 (2) : 30-41, 2020 Optimization of Process Conditions for Batuan [Garcinia binucao (Blanco) Choisy] Fruit Powder Production Al Kaixer G. ANCHETA1*, Erlinda I. DIZON2 Abstract The study determined the optimum process conditions to produce batuan fruit powder using combined Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and desirability function. The factors considered were sodium metabisulfite (SMS) concentration and drying temperature. Two-factor ANOVA revealed the significant responses among the physicochemical (bulk density, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, whiteness index) and functional (antioxidant activity, total phenolics, water absorption index, water solubility index) characteristics. The response that was not significant in the model was also identified (pH). Based on the results, the optimum drying temperature and SMS concentration were found to be 50.0 ℃ and 106 ppm, respectively. The powder was produced using the predicted optimum conditions and was analyzed for its physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties. [Keywords] batuan fruit, batuan fruit powder, response surface methodology, sodium metabisulfite, drying arabic gum as adjuncts (Jittanit et al., 2011), comparison of I Introduction qualities of tamarind powder using tray and drum dryers Tamarind is considered as the most popular souring agent (Khuenpet et al., 2012), fiber-rich powder from dragon fruit in Philippines and is used as a base in soup dishes such as or pitaya peel (Senghkhamparn et al., 2013), mango kernel sinigang. However, the supply of locally-available tamarind flour production using cabinet dryer (Bawar et al., 2013), and may not be able to meet the huge demand of consumers due to spray-drying of soursop powder (Chang et al., 2018; Chang et the increase in population.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: an and Taxonomists Throughout the World Who Have Left Inventory
    United States Department of Agriculture Perennial Edible Fruits Agricultural Research Service of the Tropics Agriculture Handbook No. 642 An Inventory t Abstract Acknowledgments Martin, Franklin W., Carl W. Cannpbell, Ruth M. Puberté. We owe first thanks to the botanists, horticulturists 1987 Perennial Edible Fruits of the Tropics: An and taxonomists throughout the world who have left Inventory. U.S. Department of Agriculture, written records of the fruits they encountered. Agriculture Handbook No. 642, 252 p., illus. Second, we thank Richard A. Hamilton, who read and The edible fruits of the Tropics are nnany in number, criticized the major part of the manuscript. His help varied in form, and irregular in distribution. They can be was invaluable. categorized as major or minor. Only about 300 Tropical fruits can be considered great. These are outstanding We also thank the many individuals who read, criti- in one or more of the following: Size, beauty, flavor, and cized, or contributed to various parts of the book. In nutritional value. In contrast are the more than 3,000 alphabetical order, they are Susan Abraham (Indian fruits that can be considered minor, limited severely by fruits), Herbert Barrett (citrus fruits), Jose Calzada one or more defects, such as very small size, poor taste Benza (fruits of Peru), Clarkson (South African fruits), or appeal, limited adaptability, or limited distribution. William 0. Cooper (citrus fruits), Derek Cormack The major fruits are not all well known. Some excellent (arrangements for review in Africa), Milton de Albu- fruits which rival the commercialized greatest are still querque (Brazilian fruits), Enriquito D.
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization of Pectin Extraction from the Native Fruit of Garcinia Binucao Using Response Surface Methodology
    MATEC Web of Conferences 268, 01006 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926801006 RSCE 2018 Optimization of pectin extraction from the native fruit of Garcinia binucao using response surface methodology Jed Karl Victor Robrigado1, Jasen Emil De Leon1, Aldous Tyrone Orillan1, John Raymond Barajas1,*, Pee Jay Gealone2 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Bicol University, Legazpi City, Albay, 4500, Philippines 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Bicol University, Legazpi City, Albay, 4500, Philippines Abstract. Citrus supply for pectin primers in the world market is continually under threat due to the widespread of uncontrolled citrus greening disease outbreaks. As a consequence, a market squeeze in pectin supply was experienced globally and further resulted to a significant surge in prices of pectin derived products. In an attempt to provide an alternative source of pectin primers to the pectin-making industry, we investigate a novel and promising pectin primer native to the Philippines. In this work, we explored extraction of pectin from fruits of the Garcinia binucao tree (GBT). We implement a response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction of pectin from GBT. Box-behken experimental design was used to obtain the optimal conditions in the extraction process. Temperature (°C), extraction time (min), and pH were found to have significant effects on the pectin yield. Actual values of these independent variables were chosen on the basis of preliminary experimental results. Optimum conditions using ridge analysis were found to be: temperature 72.4°C, extraction time 117.5 min, and pH at 1.68. In conclusion, a high pectin yield obtained from GBT fruits strongly suggests that these fruits are promising alternative primers in pectin production.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesser Known Edible Tree Species
    RESEARCH INFORMATION SERIES ON ECOSYSTEMS Volume 15 No. 3 September – December 2003 Lesser Known Edible Tree Species Compiled by Helen B. Florido and Fe F. Cortiguerra Foreword Featured in this issue of RISE are three edible, lesser-known and indigenous species. These are binucao (Garcinia binucao), lipote(Syzgium polycephaloides (C.B. rox) Merr. and libas (Spondias pinnata). Binucao commonly called batuan in the Visayas is a native tree that produces a sour fruit, a favorite and popular souring ingredient for Visayan dishes. To increase its production, the ECG Farm owned by businessman Eduardo Cojuangco in Negros Oriental has developed 10-ha plantation for this minor crop. While waiting for the tree to bear fruit, they intercrop it with bananas. Libas is the known souring agent, in the Bicol Region. The young leaves are dried and used in the preparation of laing, a very popular Bicolano dish. When fresh, it is used as filling for fish cooked in coconut milk called sinanglay. Lipote, on the other hand, was reported to have medicinal properties that lower high blood pressure and high level of cholesterol. It also has a anti-oxidant action. These edible tree species are profitable crops because they do not require much inputs. You need not spray chemical insecticides or fungicides or apply fertilizer. They are seldom attacked by pests and diseases. We hope the information in this issue will guide you in propagating and utilizing these indigenous species for health reasons and biodiversity conservation. CELSO P. DIAZ Director 2 1. Hog plum Common name: Hog plum (En.); libas (Pilipino) Local names: lannu, lanu (Cagayan); libas (Bataan, Tayabas, Capiz, Cotabato, Zamboanga) lubas, libas (Bicol) Scientific name: Spondias pinnata (L.f.) kurz.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Establishment of NISM in the Philippines
    AG:GCP/RAS/186/JPN Field Document No. 2006/05 FAO/GOVERNMENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAMME FINAL REPORT ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATIONAL INFORMATION SHARING MECHANISM (NISM) ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GLOBAL PLAN OF ACTION (GPA) FOR THE CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE IN THE PHILIPPINES Department of Agriculture Bureau of Plant Industry Written by Solita R. Sicat, Nestor C. Altoveros and Teresita H. Borromeo January, 2007 Acknowledgement The Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) would like to acknowledge the different stakeholders who participated in the endeavor of establishing the database of the Philippines’ plant genetic resources holdings through the use of the FAO’s created information system, the National Information Sharing Mechanism (NISM). These are, 1) the different National Crop Research and Development Centers of BPI namely, BPI-Baguio NCRDC, BPI-Davao NCRDC, BPI-La Granja GNCRDC, BPI- Los Baños NCRDC, BPI-Guimaras NMRDC, and its Central Office divisions, BPI- Crop Research Division (BPI-CRD), BPI-National Seed Quality Control Services (NSQCS) and BPI-Crop Production Division (BPI-CRD); 2) Central Mindanao University (CMU); 3) DA-Southern Tagalog Integrated Agricultural Research Center (DA-STIARC); 4) DENR-Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (DENR- ERDB); 5) Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University (DMMMSU); 6) Department of Agronomy, U.P.L.B (DOA-UPLB), 7) Mariano Marcos Memorial State University (MMSU); 8) National Abaca Research Center-Leyte State University (NARC); 9) National Plant Genetic Resources Laboratory-IPB (IPB-NPGRL); 10) National Tobacco Administration (NTA); 11) Philippine Coconut Authority - Zamboanga Research Center (PCA-ZRC); 12) PhilIppine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice); 14) Philippines Root Crop Research and Training Center (PhilRootcrops); 15) Southeast Asia Regional Initiatives for Community Empowerment (SEARICE); 16) Sugar Regulatory Administration, La Granja Agricultural Research and Extension Center (SRA-LGAREC) and 17) Western Philippines University (WPU).
    [Show full text]
  • Drying Characteristics and Moisture Sorption Isotherm of Batuan [Garcinia Binucao (Blanco) Choisy] Fruit
    International Journal of Food Engineering Vol. 5, No. 4, December 2019 Drying Characteristics and Moisture Sorption Isotherm of Batuan [Garcinia binucao (Blanco) Choisy] Fruit Reifrey A. Lascano, Jennie Marie E. Orbiso, Erlinda I. Dizon, Teodora M. De Villa, and Marife T. Ombico Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines Email: {ralascano, jeorbiso}@up.edu.ph, [email protected], {dorydevilla, mtombico}@yahoo.com Abstract—The drying characteristics and moisture sorption Philippines’ Visayas Region where it is used in a variety isotherm (MSI) of batuan, an underutilized and commonly of dishes including kansi, sinigang, paksiw, and even neglected fruit that is often found in tropical climate chicken inasal. In Masbate, Philippines it is preferred countries like the Philippines, were investigated. Whole and over sampalok or tamarind as souring agent in their local sliced fruits were dried using a convection dryer set at 50°C. dishes and is likewise the preferred souring agent for the The constant-rate period is absent from the drying curve, and the bulk of drying happened in the falling rate period. Ilonggo dish Kadyos-Baboy-Langka (KBL) which Drying data was fitted in four drying models, namely: literally translates to pigeon peas, pork, and jack fruit in Newton (Lewis), Handerson and Pabis, Page, and English. It is also reported that batuan is the most Logarithmic. The goodness of the fit of the model was abundant fruit tree found in Benguet province, evaluated by comparing the values of coefficient of Philippines but remains to be characterized as one of the determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) underutilized and commonly neglected fruit trees in the between the observed and predicted moisture ratios.
    [Show full text]
  • Batuan” [Garcinia Binucao (Blco.) Choisy] Seed Protein
    Annals of Tropical Research 36[2]89-103(2014) © VSU, Leyte, Philippines Extraction and Characterization of “Batuan” [Garcinia binucao (Blco.) Choisy] Seed Protein Elizabeth S. Quevedo1, Marivic S. Lacsamana2 and Antonio C. Laurena3 1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte 6521-A, 2Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, 3Institute of Plant Breeding Crop Science Cluster, University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna ABSTRACT “Batuan” [Garcinia binucao (Blco.) Choisy], an indigenous, lesser known member of the Gutifferae family with export potential is underutilized and understudied. The present study was carried out to extract and characterize the protein in “batuan” [Garcinia binucao (Blco.) Choisy] seeds for nutritional quality assessment. Protein content of “batuan” seed meal was 8.9 ± 0.59% dry basis. Solubility fractionation of “batuan” seed meal showed globulin and glutelin as the major seed proteins. SDS-PAGE resolved the globulin and glutelin into three groups of polypeptides with molecular weights of about 20 – 54 kDa. Amino acid analysis revealed that seed protein contained all the essential amino acids with leucine as the most abundant while tryptophan, the least. “Batuan” seed proteins were mostly made up of acidic and hydrophobic amino acids with glutamic acid (2.67%) as the highest. Nutritional assessments including E/T (38.4%), amino acid score (1.6%), predicted PER (3.2-3.7) and estimated BV (98.3%) suggested that the seed proteins are of good quality. Hence, “batuan” seeds has a promising potential as an important sources of valuable proteins and amino acids for use as food supplement/enhancing ingredient.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethno-Botanical Survey of Edible Wild Fruits in Benguet, Cordillera Administrative Region, the Philippines
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4(Suppl 1): S525-S538 S525 Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage: www.apjtb.com Document heading doi:10.12980/APJTB.4.201414B36 2014 by the Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. All rights reserved. 襃 Ethno-botanical survey of edible wild fruits in Benguet, Cordillera administrative region, the Philippines * Racquel Tan Chua-Barcelo School of Natural Sciences, Saint Louis University, Bonifacio St., Baguio City 2600, the Philippines PEER REVIEW ABSTRACT Peer reviewer Objective: To conduct a survey on the common name/s, traditional uses and cultural importance Gaudelia A. Reyes, Ph.D, Dean in Methods:of the edible wild fruits in different municipalities of Benguet, Cordillera administrative region. School of Natural Sciences, Saint Interviews using questionnaires with barangay leaders and indigenous people were Louis University, Baguio City, the Results:conducted with 176 key informants from June 2011 to July 2013. Philippines. A total of 36 fruit species were found in different municipalities of Benguet. These fruit Tel: 06309228125474 species belong to 27 genera and 20 families. Among the 13 municipalities of Benguet, Kibungan Fax: (074) 442 2842 has the highest number of species. There are many uses of wild fruits which ranged from food E-mail: [email protected] (snack/dessert/table food), forage (especially for birds, monkeys and wild animals such as cloud Comments rat and grass eaters), offertory, processed/preserved (as jam, jellies, candies, juice and wine), condiment or ingredient (for cooking), source of dye or ink, decoration (to garnish food) and as T he research is an important medicine to commonGarcinia ailments binucao or health problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Species for Reforestation in Diverse Forest Communities: Social Preference Versus Ecological Suitability
    Choosing species for reforestation in diverse forest communities: social preference versus ecological suitability MARIYA CHECHINA AND ANDREAS HAMANN Department of Renewable Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada Citation: Chechina, M., and A. Hamann. 2015. Choosing species for reforestation in diverse forest communities: social preference versus ecological suitability. Ecosphere 6(11):240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES15-00131.1 Abstract. Choosing species for reforestation programs or community forestry in species-rich tropical rainforest ecosystems is a complex task. Reforestation objectives, social preferences, and ecological attributes must be balanced to achieve landscape restoration, timber production, or community forestry objectives. Here we develop a method to make better species choices for reforestation programs with native species when limited silvicultural information is available. We conducted community surveys to determine social preference of tree species and inferred their ecological suitability for open-field plantations from growth rates and frequency in forest plots at different successional stages. Several species, for which silvicultural data was available, were correctly classified as promising or unsuitable for open-field reforestation. Notably, we found a strong negative correlation between ecological suitability indicators and socioeconomic preference ranks. Only a single outlier species ranked very high in both categories. This result highlights the difficulty of finding suitable native species for community forestry and offers an explanation why reforestation efforts with native species often fail. We concluded that the approach should be a useful first screening of species-rich forest communities for potential reforestation species. Our results also support the view that species-rich tropical rainforests are not an easily renewable natural resource in a sense that secondary forests will not provide an equivalent resource value to local communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Quantification of Hydroxycitric Acid from Batuan [Garcinia Binucao (Blanco) Choisy] Fruit
    International Food Research Journal 25(2): 706-711 (April 2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Isolation and quantification of hydroxycitric acid from batuan [Garcinia binucao (Blanco) Choisy] fruit 1*Bainto, L.C., 1Dizon, E.I., 2Laurena, A.C. and 1Castillo-Israel, K.A.T. 1Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines, 4031 2Institute of Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines, 4031 Article history Abstract Received: 14 December 2016 Hydroxycitric acid is a compound with anti-obesity property which is predominant in Garcinia Received in revised form: cambogia. In the Philippines, another species, Garcinia binucao, locally known as batuan, 25 January 2017 Accepted: 2 February 2017 is an indigenous fruit used as a souring agent.This study was conducted to determine the most effective method of hydroxycitric acid extraction from batuan (Garcinia binucao) fruit. Acid isolation was performed using three methods including water, methanol and acetone as extraction solvents. Isolated hydroxycitric acid was quantified using spectrophotometric analysis Keywords while thin layer chromatography was employed to determine its purity. Results revealed that Garcinia binucao is a potential source of hydroxycitric acid. The extracted hydroxycitric acid Hydroxycitric acid from batuan amounted to 4.81 + 0.12 g/100 g sample using water extraction method. Methanol Batuan (Garcinia binucao) and acetone extraction methods isolated 2.65 + 0.18 g/100 g sample and 2.76 + 0.08 g/100 g Solvent extraction sample, respectively. Thin layer chromatography revealed that collected isolate using water Spectrophotometry extraction method is pure.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Types of the World Map
    Abarema abbottii-Abarema acreana-Abarema adenophora-Abarema alexandri-Abarema asplenifolia-Abarema auriculata-Abarema barbouriana-Abarema barnebyana-Abarema brachystachya-Abarema callejasii-Abarema campestris-Abarema centiflora-Abarema cochleata-Abarema cochliocarpos-Abarema commutata-Abarema curvicarpa-Abarema ferruginea-Abarema filamentosa-Abarema floribunda-Abarema gallorum-Abarema ganymedea-Abarema glauca-Abarema idiopoda-Abarema josephi-Abarema jupunba-Abarema killipii-Abarema laeta-Abarema langsdorffii-Abarema lehmannii-Abarema leucophylla-Abarema levelii-Abarema limae-Abarema longipedunculata-Abarema macradenia-Abarema maestrensis-Abarema mataybifolia-Abarema microcalyx-Abarema nipensis-Abarema obovalis-Abarema obovata-Abarema oppositifolia-Abarema oxyphyllidia-Abarema piresii-Abarema racemiflora-Abarema turbinata-Abarema villifera-Abarema villosa-Abarema zolleriana-Abatia mexicana-Abatia parviflora-Abatia rugosa-Abatia spicata-Abelia corymbosa-Abeliophyllum distichum-Abies alba-Abies amabilis-Abies balsamea-Abies beshanzuensis-Abies bracteata-Abies cephalonica-Abies chensiensis-Abies cilicica-Abies concolor-Abies delavayi-Abies densa-Abies durangensis-Abies fabri-Abies fanjingshanensis-Abies fargesii-Abies firma-Abies forrestii-Abies fraseri-Abies grandis-Abies guatemalensis-Abies hickelii-Abies hidalgensis-Abies holophylla-Abies homolepis-Abies jaliscana-Abies kawakamii-Abies koreana-Abies lasiocarpa-Abies magnifica-Abies mariesii-Abies nebrodensis-Abies nephrolepis-Abies nordmanniana-Abies numidica-Abies pindrow-Abies pinsapo-Abies
    [Show full text]