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Standard Unani Medical Terminology Standard Unani Medical Terminology CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN UNANI MEDICINE Department of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India i April 2012, Copies 1,000 Compiled by: Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India In collaboration with: World Health Organization Country Office for India Published by: CENTRAL COUNCIL FOR RESEARCH IN UNANI MEDICINE Department of Ayurveda, Yoga, & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India 61-65, Institutional Area, Opposite ‘D’ Block, Janakpuri New Delhi – 110 058 (India) Telephone: +91-11-28521981, 28525982, 28525983, 28525831, 28525852 +91-11-28525862, 28525883, 28525897, 28520501, 28522524 Fax: +91-11-28522965 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ccrum.net Printed at: India Offset Press A-1, Mayapuri Industrial Area, Phase-I New Delhi – 110 064 (India) ii Editorial Board Chairman Prof. S. Shakir Jamil Director General, Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM) Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India Members Hakim Ziauddin Ahmad, Principal Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Assistant Director (Unani), Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi Hakim K.M. Siddiqui, Co-Principal Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Assistant Director (Unani), Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi Hakim Abdul Hannan, Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Deputy Director In charge, Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), New Delhi. Hakim Bilal Ahmad, Co-Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Research Officer (Unani), Literary Research Institute of Unani Medicine (LRIUM), New Delhi Hakim Neelam Quddusi, Co-Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Research Officer (Unani), Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), New Delhi. Hakim K.A. Shafqat Azmi, Senior Research Fellow, Unani Medicine Terminology Project Prof. Raisur Rahman, Department of Moalajat, Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College, New Delhi Hakim M. Raziul Islam Nadvi, Idara Tahqeeqat-i Islami, Aligarh Mr. Mehr-e-Alam Khan, Consultant (Portal), CCRUM, New Delhi Hakim Syed Mohammad Asim, Assistant Director (Unani), Drug Standardization Research Unit (DSRU), CCRUM, New Delhi Hakim Mohammad Akram, Assistant Professor, Department of Tahaffuzi wa Samaji Tibb, Faculty of Medicine (Unani), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi iii iv PREFACE Unani Medicine has been one of the most popular systems of medicine throughout the world until the advent of Allopathy. It still enjoys mass support in several countries. The contribution of Unani Medicine in the development of medical sciences is well known. Jabir ibn Hayyan [737-815 AD] is the first known pharmacist who invented the method of drug development in its present form. Zakariya Razi (Rhazes) [865-925 AD] is the first physician who started the practice of recording Clinical History and establishment of Hospitals. Abu al-Qasim Zahrawi al-Andalusi (Albucasis) [936-1036 AD] was the first surgeon who invented many surgical tools. Besides, there were several others who contributed to the development of medical science. Ibn Sina (Avicenna) [980-1037 AD] laid down the Standard Medical curriculum for the first time and compiled his well-known treatise Al-Qanun fi’l Tibb. Ibn Baytar [1197-1248 AD] was the first Botanist who described the distinct features of medicinal plants in a scientific manner. In India, Unani Medicine enjoys wider acceptance among the people. Since independence, the Government of India have been extending increasing support and funds for the multifaceted development of Unani Medicine as well as other indigenous systems of medicine. As far as Unani Medicine is concerned, India is the world leader having the widest network of educational, research, healthcare and pharmaceutical institutions of this system. The Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), an autonomous organization under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India since its inception in 1978 is engaged in developing scientific research on various applied and fundamental aspects of Unani Medicine. The Council has over the years emerged as the leading research organization for Unani Medicine and has obtained significant strides in its research programmes covering Clinical Research, Drug Standardization, Survey and Cultivation of Medicinal Plants and Literary Research. The progress of the Council has attracted the attention of the scientific community both in the country and abroad. The CCRUM is also busy developing collaborations with leading research institutions of medical and allied sciences to develop and provide safe and satisfactory solutions to health problems. It is heartening to note that World Health Organization (WHO) since the Declaration of Alma Ata (1978) has been taking great interest in the revival of Traditional Medicine including Unani Medicine. The idea behind this was to make essential healthcare within the reach of larger sections of population worldwide at an affordable cost. v The present work on “Standardization of Unani Medicine Terminology” has been carried out by the CCRUM in collaboration with the WHO. This project aimed at standardizing and defining the various original Arabic, Persian and Urdu terms used in Unani Medicine in English with a view to making them understandable to a wider English-knowing world. This is indeed a commendable initiative. This volume contains both clinical and non-clinical terms along with their explanations. For the correct pronunciation of the terms, standard diacritical marks have been adopted. It goes without saying that the present work will help develop a better understanding of the classical concepts of Unani Medicine. I wish to express our deep gratitude to the WHO for the support, and to the Department of AYUSH, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, especially the Secretary and Joint Secretary of the Department, for their patronage. Thanks are also due to Hakim Syed Asad Pasha, Deputy Advisor (Unani) and Hakim Mukhtar Ahmad Qasmi, Assistant Advisor (Unani), both at Department of AYUSH, and all the experts and scholars associated with this project, from different Institutes i.e. AMU, Aligarh, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bengaluru, A&U Tibbiya College, Karol Bagh, New Delhi and Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi for their respective contributions. I must also appreciate Hakim Ziauddin Ahmad, Principal Investigator and other officers of the Council who have worked very hard to make the project a reality. It should be hoped that this present volume would serve a meaningful resource for the researchers, and would be welcomed among the scientific community. 28 March 2012 Prof. S. Shakir Jamil Director General Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine Department of AYUSH Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of India New Delhi vi Contents Preface v Contents vii Contributors viii Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations xii Transliteration Table xiii Introduction xv Terminology 1-335 Index 337-365 Bibliography 367-373 vii Contributors Officers of the CCRUM 1. Hakim Ziauddin Ahmad, Principal Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Assistant Director (Unani), CCRUM Headquarters, New Delhi 2. Hakim K.M. Siddiqui, Co-Principal Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Assistant Director (Unani) , CCRUM Headquarters, New Delhi 3. Hakim Abdul Hannan, Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Deputy Director In charge, RRIUM, New Delhi 4. Hakim Bilal Ahmad, Co-Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Research Officer (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 5. Hakim Neelam Quddusi, Co-Investigator, Unani Medicine Terminology Project & Research Officer (Unani), RRIUM, New Delhi 6. Hakim S.M. Hassan, Deputy Director (Unani), Central Research Institute of Unani Medicine (CRIUM), Lucknow 7. Hakim Sadaqatullah Sadiq, Assistant Director (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 8. Hakim Sagheer Ahmad Siddiqui, Research Officer (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 9. Hakim Salma Khatoon, Assistant Director (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 10. Hakim Shagufta Parveen, Assistant Director (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 11. Hakim Abdur Rahim, Assistant Director (Unani), RRIUM, New Delhi 12. Hakim Mohammad Salim Siddiqui, Assistant Director (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 13. Hakim Amanullah, Research Officer (Unani), CCRUM Headquarters, New Delhi 14. Hakim Azma, Research Officer (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 15. Hakim Nighat Anjum, Research Officer (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 16. Hakim Anwar Jamal, Research Officer (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 17. Hakim Merajul Haque, Research Officer (Unani), CCRUM Headquarters, New Delhi 18. Hakim Mahboobus Salam, Research Officer (Unani), RRIUM, Patna 19. Hakim Wasim Ahmad, Technical Officer (Unani), LRIUM, New Delhi 20. Mr. Syed Shuaib Ahmed, Library & Information Assistant, CCRUM Headquarters, New Delhi Non-technical Staff 1. Mr. Humayun Amir, Junior Stenographer, CCRUM Headquarters, New Delhi 2. Mr. Mohammad Alishan Qureshi, Junior Stenographer, CCRUM Headquarters, New Delhi 3. Mr. Irshad Raza, Data Entry Operator, CCRUM Headquarters, New Delhi 4. Ms. Noor Shabana, Data Entry Operator, RRIUM, New Delhi 5. Ms. Sanjana, Data Entry Operator, LRIUM, New Delhi viii External Experts Hakim Mohammed Khalid Siddiqui Former Director General
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