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GEOCIENCIAS Lardo Cantú Chapa GEOCIENCIAS � No. 1 JlH.IO, 1997 1 1 lardo Cantú Chapa íJNSnTUTO f!Ollmi!TEICN;«:o NACIONAL 1 GEOCIENCIAS No. 1 • JULIO, 1 997 L S CE L p S EL E EXI Abelardo Cantú Chapa ESCUELINSTITUTOA SUPERIOR POUTECNICO DE INGENIERIA YNACIONAL ARQUITECTUR A SECCION DE ESTUDIOS DE POSGRADO E INVESTIGACION MAESTRIA EN GEOlOGIA t • ,, " ISSN 1405-4655�·r, . PREFACIO n la década de los 50, los profesionales mexicanos comenzaron a participar en la investigación de los diferentes grupos fósiles de México, con contribuciones en revistas nacionales, al dar a conocer el avance de sus estudios; con ello ampliaron el acervo sobre el conocimiento de la 0aleontología. Sin embargo, la enorme extensión de afloramientos de rocas sedimentarias en el territorio nacional y el escaso número de especialistas, determinaron que el quehacer aaieontológico no tuviera el avance deseado. México, las cátedras de Paleontología han sido impartidas tradicionalmente en las Facultades de IngenieríaEn y Ciencias, de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, y en la Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, a los estudiantes de las carreras de Geología y Biología; esos cursos también se imparten en universidades y tecnológicos de provincia. todas estas instituciones educativas, los profesores necesitan apoyarse en la literatura pertinente sobreEn el conocimiento de los fósiles de México, lo cual permitirá llevar a buen fin su cometido docente y de investigación. sobre la historia de la vida en el pasado, la evolución que han tenido diferentes grupos de plantas y animales, la edad de las rocas que los contienen, la distribución geográficaos de tierras y mares en el pasado geológico, los ambientes en los que vivieron y, iinaimente, la utilización de las rocas sedimentarias que contienen los fósiles, para fines petroleros. mineros y de la construcción. 1 ;:¡ publicación de obras como LOS CEFALOPODOS DEL PA LEOZOICO DE MEXICO, que en esta ocasión me es muy satisfactorio presentar a la comunidad científica de Ciencias de la Tierra, tanto 1acional como extranjera, llena un campo del conocimiento paleontológico sobre un grupo mportante de moluscos extintos, indicadores estratigráficos, cuyo estudio permite conocer la edad de las rocas que los contienen. esta obra son tratados particularmente aquellos fósiles con una edad comprendida apro::n ximadamente entre 570 a 230 millones de años. Asimismo, se proporciona información actualizada sobre la sistemática del grupo, en relación al establecimiento de los taxa, subórdenes, �amilias, subfamilias y géneros. Se analizan bases bioestratigráficas, al tomar en cuenta la adquisición de nuevos elementos suturales, con la finalidad de proponer subdivisiones cronoestratigráficas. También trata sobre la paleogeografía de los diferentes grupos de amonoides paleozoicos, que han sido descritos hasta ahora en México. obra LOS CEFALOPODOS DEL PA LEOZOICO DE MEXICO fue diseñada para ser facilmente compr:..a ensible, por los estudiosos de las Ciencias de la Tierra, de cualquier nivel. Se incluyen varios cuadros sistemáticos sobre la evolución de ia línea de sutura de esos organismos fósiles y se ilustran diferentes géneros y especies. Seguramente, su consulta resolverá las expectativas que se .:xesenten.os al estudiar el grupo mencionado. Dra. Blanca Estela Buitrón ... PROFESORA-INVESTIGADORA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓIIIOIÍIIA DE MÉXICO. ABSTRACT his book analyses the systematic paleontoiogic and biostratigraphic methodology applied to all Paleozoic cephalopods that have been described and illustrated in Mexico. lt stress recognition of cephaiopüá morphologic elements since they can define supra generic categories and allow better understanding of the phylogenetic evolution and biostratigraphic distribution of a group, as opposed to only restricting them to genera determination and Fossil confrontation from Mexico and other countries. lts objectives are to leave written evidence of the paleontologic inventory and geologic age of such group in Mexico, in the form of a consulting book, and to point out the systematical bases used by these fossil specialists when proposing new classifications. Several systematic tabies, that portray cephalopod suture line morphology and biostratigraphic distribution, show the different supra genera classifications in which the Mexican fossils have been included (goniatites, cerat1ds, medilicottiids, bactriitoids and nautiloids). FossiHzed cephalopods are referred to the field of Stratigraphy, since they establish national and international biostratigraphic and paleogeographic correlations by subdividing and defining the age of the sedimentary sequences where they were found. The biostratigraphic bases that were used to propase Era and System time-stratigraphic subdivisions are further analyzed taking into account the new suture elements acquired by these fossils (Paleozoic-Mesozoic ceratites and Pennsylvanian­ Permian goniatites), and the sudden appearance of other fossils (trilobites) in determined regions of the country (Tiñu, Oaxaca: Cambrian-Ordovician). Systematic proposals are made, goniatites are subdivided in three suborders, two of which are new: Goniatitina, Popanoceratina subord. nov. and Cydoceratina subord. nov. Also, Eotha!assoceratidae new fa mily, Changhsingoceratinae subfam. nov. and Millerites gen. nov.. Furnis hites gen. nov. and Coahuiloceras gen. nov. are proposed. A methodicai confrontation of systematic genera classifications of some goniatite groups proposed in the Treatise on lnvertebrate Paleontology, pt. ( 1957), is performed. This book may also represent a form of reflection for students when doingL, paleontologic research on the significant group of Paleozoic cephalopods. 11 eproducción de un cuadro de Arthur K. Miller,. paleontólogo norteamericano (1902- 1 963}, quien estudió los cefalópodos del Pérmico de Chiapas ( 1 941 J, Coahuila (1944) y Sonora (1965J; tomada del Journal of Paleontology (1963, vol. 37, No. 4, p 944-946). 111 La mejor educación científica es aquella que permite a la gente comprender, e inclusive criticar, las nociones que se le inculcan. Pierre Thuiller PROLOGO on base en la observación y diferenciación de los caracteres morfológicos de los organismos fósiles, los especialistas en Paleontología los clasifican, apoyándose en investigaciones bibliográficas y en comparaciones que establecen entre diferentes ej emplares, a partir de la observación general a la particular. Esos caracteres evidentes son aquellos que deben hacerse resaltar en una clase de Paleontología Sistemática, con el fin de que el estudiante llegue a determinar el fósil que se ie presenta para su diagnosis, tanto en un examen, corrio en una posible e hipotética práctica de geología de campo. Esas generalidades sobre la morfología del fósil en cuestión van particularizándose, a medida que se avanza en la Sistemática Paleontológica y señalan, simultáneamente, la especificidad cronoestratigráfica del organismo analizado, a partir del estrato en que fue encontrado. En otras palabras, entre más general y vaga sea la determinación paleontológica, más amplia e imprecisa será la datación de la roca donde el fósil fue colectado. A menudo, la clasificación sistemática del fósil, basada exclusivamente en el análisis y estudio de restos de organismos, tiene que ver con la evolución en el tiempo y en el espacio, del grupo en cuestión; esas son las reglas tácitas empleadas por los especialistas, que deben ser señaladas en un curso de Paleontología. Sin embargo, para el estudiante resulta difícil aceptar la distribución estratigráfica del mencionado grupo fósiL en vista de la limitación cognoscitiva que representa para él, hacer abstracción, en el tiempo geológico, de las infinitas posibilidades de adquisición de esos caracteres morfológicos, donde sólo algunos de ellos han quedado plasmados como improntas en la roca. Se trata de elementos morfológicos que sirven al especialista para distinguir un grupo fósil de otro, con el que se determina, implícitamente, la edad dei estrato; para posteriormente diferenciar tanto aquel como éste, del resto de los mismos, dentro.de una secuencia sedimentaria. IV INTRODUCCION as rocas que contienen cefalópodos del Paleozoico están localizadas en varios estados de la República Mexicana; en número y distribución geográfica predominan especies del Pérmico ¡goniatltes y ceratites); su presencia, desde Sonora hasta Chiapas, configura un arco dirigido r;acia Tamaulipas, Puebla y Guerrero, con clara tendencia paleobiogeográfica hacia la ancestral J:ovincia del Océano Pacífico. En menor escala están representadas formas primitivas '>Oíbortélidos), de dudosa pertenencia a la Clase Cephalopoda, del Cámbrico de Sonora; así como aqueilas que sólo han sido mencionadas en rocas pertenecientes al Ordovícico (nautiloideos ::;rtocónicos}, Silúrico, Pensilvánico y Pérmico (goniatites}, en Oaxaca, Chihuahua y Ta maulipas. único estudio sistemático de los cefalópodos fósiles que existe en México, fue realizado por Arthur Ei Mil/er en 944, con material procedente del Pérmico de Las Delicias, Coahuila, donde incluyó .anos génerosi de nautiloideos, bactritoideos, goniatites, medlicótidos y ceratites; ese estudio es "'-undamental a nivel mundial, cuando los especialistas se refieren a los cefalópodos de ese sistema. otros aportes paleontológicos parciales y en algunos, sólo se mencionan esos fósiles de regiones a'sladas de México. el presente estudio se abordan la Paleontología Sistemática y la metodología bioestratigráfica de En los cefalópodos paleozoicos,
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